CN1040042C - 一种高真空绝热方法 - Google Patents

一种高真空绝热方法 Download PDF

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CN1040042C
CN1040042C CN91109618A CN91109618A CN1040042C CN 1040042 C CN1040042 C CN 1040042C CN 91109618 A CN91109618 A CN 91109618A CN 91109618 A CN91109618 A CN 91109618A CN 1040042 C CN1040042 C CN 1040042C
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ceramic particle
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vacuum insulation
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space
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CN1060814A (zh
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吉野明
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Daido Hoxan Inc
Air Water Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/06—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/08—Means for preventing radiation, e.g. with metal foil
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/02—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials
    • F16L59/028—Composition or method of fixing a thermally insulating material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/06—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum
    • F16L59/065—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum using vacuum
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
    • Y10T428/252—Glass or ceramic [i.e., fired or glazed clay, cement, etc.] [porcelain, quartz, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31678—Of metal

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明由下列(a)和(b)组成(a)使用非铝金属箔，非铝金属带有在其一面上形成有陶瓷颗粒散布层，将非铝金属箔缠绕在双壳体内壳的周边表面上，陶瓷颗粒散布层在缠绕时面向里。(b)多层缠绕层的外周边用双壳体的外壳来覆盖，内壳与外壳向的空间被封闭并被抽真空。作为高真空绝热体，在高真空绝热方法中，通过抽真空使真空绝热双壳体如真空绝热双管道和真空绝热双容器的内壳之间的空间被绝热。

Description

一种高真空绝热方法
本发明涉及一种高真空绝热方法。在高真空绝热方法中，通过抽真空使真空绝热双壳体如真空绝热双管道和真空绝热双容器的内壳之间的空间被绝热。
普通真空绝热双管道以绝热特性的角度被用作液体输送管道来传送具有超低温的流体如液氮。一般说，多层真空绝热方法(被称作超绝热)使用用真空绝热双管道内管与外管间空着的空间的真空绝热方法。在这种多层真空绝热方法中，铝箔13及石棉纸，它称作Dexter纸14，都是真空绝热体，交替多层(大约25到50层)地缠绕在真空绝热双管道的内管11的圆周表面上，然后这个重叠体的最外层被外管12以一定间隔地所覆盖。在这种状态，外壳12与内管11间的空间被抽成高真空(抽到少于10-4托)。图5示出了由此获得的真空绝热双管道的内管11与外管12间空间的一个放大图。在这个图中，内管11与外管12间的空间处在真空状态且在这个空间里形成重叠体，在重叠体中铝箔13和Dexter纸交替被缠绕成多层。
然而，在上述方法中，铝箔13及Dexter纸14被用作一个真空绝热体且这个绝热体缠绕成多层。在这种场合，由于Dexter纸自身的高吸水特性，Dexter纸14变得富含水分。即，当Dexter纸14被用在含有高水分的气氛中时，由于被暴露在高水分气氛中Dexter纸14在空气中吸收水分。因此，即使该空间在这样一个高水分吸收状态被抽真空。由于高水分含量是抽真空的阻力，要花很长的时间(例如超过480小时)来抽真空。为了去除这个缺点，在所说抽真空前，将整个双管道加热来蒸发Dexter纸14中被吸收的水分，这可在抽真空中节约一点时间。然而，由于铝的熔化温度很低，升高的温度被限至在170℃到180℃，结果要花很长的时间来排除在双不锈钢或类似的外管及内管中所吸收和残留的H2、O2、N2和水含量等。这个温度也不能迅速地蒸发Dexter纸中所吸收的水。因而，事实上，甚至用上述加热，这段时间也不是足够的短。
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种高真空绝热方法，可以缩短抽真空时间并长时间保持绝热特性。
为了完成上述目标，本发明提供一种高真空绝热方法，包括步骤为，将非铝金属箔多层地缠绕在内壳的周表面上，用外壳覆盖多层缠绕层的外围圆周；密封内壳与外壳之间的空间并在这种状态将空间抽真空，
其特征在于
在其一侧面上形成有陶瓷颗粒散布层的非铝金属箔用作所述金属箔，所述非铝金属箔多层地缠绕在内壳的周表面上，其陶瓷颗粒层朝向内。
在这里用的陶瓷颗粒散布层是一个层，在这个层中陶瓷颗粒在金属箔的一面上以预定的间隔被紧密地固定下来。每一个颗粒与相邻的陶瓷颗粒以一预定间隔被固定。
即，在本发明的方法里，陶瓷颗粒散布层在非铝金属箔的一面上形成，以带有陶瓷颗粒散布层的非铝金属箔用作金属箔，这个薄层被多层地缠绕在高真空双管的内壳的周边表面上，陶瓷颗粒散布层面向里缠绕，然后形成在内层周边表面的重叠层的最外层被用双管的外壳以一定的间隔所覆盖，外壳与内壳间的空间被封闭且在这个状态下将该空间抽真空。在这种场合，即使上述金属箔被应用到高水分气氛中，由于陶瓷颗粒散布层与Dexter纸比较具有较小的水吸收特性，所以抽真空不需花很长时间。陶瓷颗粒被分散固定或成星星点点状态，结果，在金属箔被多层缠绕且进行抽真空时，每个颗粒间的空隙成为有效抽吸的空气通道。
下面详细描述本发明。
在本发明中，非铝金属箔是指除了铝箔之外的各种金属箔，如果非铝箔可以被缠绕，可以采用例如大约20到50μm厚的箔片。特别的，最好采用具有高熔化温度及高辐射效能的金属箔片如不锈钢箔、铜箔和镍箔。
在金属箔的一面上形成的陶瓷颗粒散布层一般是通过纵向移动的窄条状金属箔且将陶瓷颗粒用火焰喷射在移动条状金属箔来形成的，在这里火焰喷咀是以相对条状金属箔的移动方向的移动表面垂直方向往复移动的。散布并固定在所形成的陶瓷散布层里的颗粒的直径被规定在约5到50μm。因而层的厚度与该直径基本相同，在每个陶瓷颗粒间的间隔定为约50μm到500μm，最好直径为10到30μm且间隔在100至200μm。
使用上述金属箔进行高真空绝热，例如，如下所述。首先，非铝金属箔被多层缠绕在真空绝热双壳体的内壳的周边表面上，非铝金属箔带有在其一面上形成的陶瓷颗粒散布层，在缠绕时散布层面向里，由此，陶瓷颗粒散布层及金属箔被交替重叠，同时中间散布层的存在防止了各金属箔的接触。然后在多层体的最外层上以一定间隔盖外壳，内壳与外壳间的空间被封闭并被抽真空成为一个真空绝热双壳体。
图1用根据本发明的一个实施例的高真空绝热双管的一个解释图。
图2是根据本发明构成绝热体的非铝金属箔的一个实施例的透视图，
图3示出了根据本发明的真空绝热体的剖面图，
图4示出了从陶瓷颗粒散布层一面看到的图3中所示出的真空绝热体的透视图，
图5是普通例子中外管与内管间空间的放大图。
根据一个实施例对本发明作进一步的详细描述。
图1示出了根据本发明的真空绝热双管的一个实施例，真空绝热体6被多层缠绕在内管2与外管3间。真空绝热体6由在图2中示出的非铝金属箔4和在非铝金属箔4的一面上固定的陶瓷颗粒散布层组成。作为非铝金属箔4，在这个例子中用不锈钢箔4具有高于铝金属箔的熔化温度，所以不锈钢箔4可承受用高温如350℃到400℃来加热。由具有直径50±5μm的陶瓷颗粒5a组成的散布层5(颗粒的间隔为100±10μm)用火焰喷射如图4和图4所示形成在不锈钢箔4的一面上(背面)。镁橄榄石(2Mg.SiO2)(forsterite)，氧化镁(MgO)，刚玉(Al2O3)的颗粒等作为材料被用来形成陶瓷颗粒散布层5。
使用这样的绝热体6的真空绝热双管1的内管2与外管3间的真空绝热被实施如下，真空绝热体6被多层缠绕在内管2的周边表面2a上以用于超低温流体如液氮的流动。在这种场合，陶瓷颗粒散布层5面向里。然后，绝缘体重叠层体的最外层被外管3在一定间隔下所覆盖且封闭内管与外管的空间。通过排气管子将内管2与外管3间的空间抽真空(24到50小时)成高真空。标号8代表安在排气管上的过滤器。
如上所述，在根据本发明的高真空绝热方法中，作为金属箔，使用带有在其一面形成的陶瓷颗粒散布层的非铝金属箔。陶瓷颗粒散布层具有很小的水吸收性，所以即使将该金属箔应用到高水分气氛，也不会花如此长的时间(抽真空)。由于陶瓷颗粒被固定在非铝金属箔上，非铝金属箔被用作金属箔，即使在高温下抽真空也不会起到金属箔的熔化。因而，使得在短时间内排空在不锈钢内管与外管里吸留的H2、O2、N2等成为可能，内管和外管组成的双壳体。通过不是紧密地而是粗糙地固定陶瓷颗粒来形成陶瓷颗粒分散层，以便形成一些间隙或间隔。因而，当用多层真空绝热体来提供外壳和内壳间的空间时而后，将其抽真空时，这个空隙成为可以有效抽真空的空气通道。

Claims (3)

1.一种高真空绝热方法，包括步骤，将金属箔多层地缠绕在内壳的周表面上，用外壳覆盖多层缠绕层的外围圆周；密封内壳与外壳之间的空间并在这种状态将空间抽真空，
其特征在于
在其一侧面上形成有陶瓷颗粒散布层的非铝金属箔用作所述金属箔，所述非铝金属箔多层地缠绕在内壳的周表面上，其陶瓷颗粒层朝向内。
2.如权利要求1所述的高真空绝热方法，其特征在于所述非铝金属箔是不锈钢箔、铜箔、和镍箔。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的高真空绝热方法，其特征在于构成陶瓷颗粒散布层的陶瓷颗粒直径定为5～50μm，每个陶瓷颗粒之间的间距定为50～500μm。
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CN1060814A (zh) 1992-05-06
HK1010059A1 (en) 1999-06-11
US5494740A (en) 1996-02-27
KR100213405B1 (ko) 1999-08-02
DE69129141D1 (de) 1998-04-30
KR920008400A (ko) 1992-05-27
ES2114881T3 (es) 1998-06-16
EP0480707B1 (en) 1998-03-25
DE69129141T2 (de) 1998-07-30
EP0480707A1 (en) 1992-04-15
US5508106A (en) 1996-04-16

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