CN103999739B - A kind of winter irrigation method and system in coastal region salt-soda soil, the north - Google Patents
A kind of winter irrigation method and system in coastal region salt-soda soil, the north Download PDFInfo
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- CN103999739B CN103999739B CN201410246044.2A CN201410246044A CN103999739B CN 103999739 B CN103999739 B CN 103999739B CN 201410246044 A CN201410246044 A CN 201410246044A CN 103999739 B CN103999739 B CN 103999739B
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Abstract
The present invention discloses the irrigation method in winter in coastal region salt-soda soil, a kind of north, and the method comprises the steps: 1) dig a well；2) from well, saline groundwater is extracted, and the salt water extracted out with storage reservoir accumulation；3) step 2) the middle salt water glaciation under field conditions (factors) extracted out；4) by step 3) ice cube that is frozen into covers and forms icing at soil surface and irrigate layer；5) by step 4) in the salt water that do not freezes below ice sheet extract out in storage reservoir；6) change in natural conditions, when icing irrigation layer starts to melt, from well, again extract saline groundwater, and salt water is accumulated in storage reservoir；7) repeat to implement step 2) 6), the winter that can realize coastal region salt-soda soil, the north irrigates.The method takes full advantage of salt water resources, decreases the exploitation to deep fresh groundwater, advantageously reduces level of ground water, suppresses the deep soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to irrigation technique.Irrigation method and system more particularly, to a kind of deep soil Leaching and desalinization being applicable to northern China beach saline land.
Background technology
Soil salt is northern China coastal region main ecological restriction factor, is also to cause the restraining factors that Eco-Environment System is fragile and environmental carrying capacity is low, its also serious restriction agricultural growth and development of rural economy.North coastal region level of ground water is high, salinity is strong, topsoil soils salt accumulation, and agricultural irrigation freshwater resources lack.In recent years, salt water icing irrigation method achieves good effect in improvement is irrigated in coastal region salt-soda soil, Bohai Sea Gulf.Salt water freezes and irrigates, and is to extract irrigation with saline water salt-soda soil, earth's surface winter at finger, and salt water can be formed certain thickness salt water ice sheet by cold service on surface, salt-soda soil.After strong brine melts formerly in salt water ice sheet when spring melts, brackish water is melted in, material is thus formed dense saline and slight saline water and melt and infiltrate.This echelon is infiltrated has desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching effect of irrigating very well to marine solonchak, can keep soil moisture content, provide suitable Soil Moisture for plant growth.But it is more that this irrigation salt water icing (salt content is at about 15g/L) is melted into soil salt, level of ground water may be raised and produce potential salt accumulation in soil layer, increasing the potential salinization risk of soil.Also the brackish water ice having researcher to use salinity relatively low carries out alkaline land soil and covers irrigation, this irrigation method decreases salinity relative to salt water icing irrigation and enters soil, increase and melt later stage entrance soil fresh water amount, beneficially Soil leaching desalination and the improvement of spring sowing soil moisture content.But salt branch accumulates in deep soil (60-100cm), and topsoil exists accumulation of salt in the surface soil risk.Therefore, the coastal region high in subsoil water salinity, water level is shallower, if control or lowering of watertable are not combined with irrigation practice, no matter which kind of irrigation practice the most unavoidably causes level of ground water to rise, deep soil salification, the topsoil accumulation of salt in the surface soil.Accordingly, it would be desirable to the irrigation method of a kind of new beach saline land and system solve the problems referred to above.
Summary of the invention
First technical problem that the invention solves the problems that is to provide the irrigation method in winter in coastal region salt-soda soil, a kind of north, and the method takes full advantage of salt water resources, decreases the exploitation to deep fresh groundwater, advantageously reduces level of ground water, suppresses the deep soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil.
Second technical problem that the invention solves the problems that is to provide the irrigation system in winter in coastal region salt-soda soil, a kind of north.
For solving above-mentioned first technical problem, the present invention uses following technical proposals:
The irrigation method in winter in coastal region salt-soda soil, a kind of north, the method comprises the steps:
1) dig a well；
2) from well, saline groundwater is extracted, and the salt water extracted out with storage reservoir accumulation；
3) step 2) the middle salt water glaciation under field conditions (factors) extracted out；Because being salt water, the saline of accumulation will not freeze over, only can be in surface portion glaciation；
4) by step 3) ice cube that is frozen into covers and forms icing at soil surface and irrigate layer；
5) by step 4) in the salt water that do not freezes below ice sheet extract out in storage reservoir；The further process prior art of this salt water, with the present invention without relating to；
6) change in natural conditions, when icing irrigation layer starts to melt, from well, again extract saline groundwater, and salt water is accumulated in storage reservoir；By this step so that icing irrigates the thawing of layer does not cause level of ground water to raise, thus causes deep soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil phenomenon；This is because after again extracting salt water, level of ground water has had reduction, the water after icing irrigates melting layer will not promote level of ground water, thus inhibits the deep soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil；
7) repeat to implement step 2)-6), the winter that can realize coastal region salt-soda soil, the north irrigates.
Above-mentioned steps i.e. can realize the icing to soil and irrigate, and takes full advantage of salt water resources, decreases the exploitation to deep fresh groundwater；And be conducive to the suppression deep soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil.
Preferably, if the icing obtained that once freezes irrigates layer amount deficiency, step 2 is repeated)-5).
Preferably, step 1) degree of depth of described well is 15-20 rice, well head a diameter of 0.4-0.6 rice.
Preferably, step 2) at least 1.5 meters of salt water in described storage reservoir is deep, and the salinity of described salt water is 15-20g/L.
Preferably, step 4) to irrigate the ice layer thickness of layer be 40-60cm to described icing, ice sheet salinity is 2-4g/L.In reality covers, cultivate the soil salt content of layer according to salt-soda soil and the different icing irrigation volumes of soil surface are set, and the layer thickness of cultivating in salt-soda soil is 0-40cm.
The irrigation method of the present invention, it is to beat pumped well on coastal region salt-soda soil, winter is accumulated in storage reservoir with water pump extraction saline groundwater, form underground water level decreasing on space-time, take the brackish water ice freezed in storage reservoir to cover to alkaline land soil surface, form certain thickness icing and irrigate layer, salt water higher for the salinity not frozen in storage reservoir is drained, from well, the most again take out saline groundwater, lowering of watertable further, salt water in storage reservoir is frozen into brackish water ice, brackish water ice is covered at soil surface, so circulation, carry out irrigating the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching to salt-soda soil deep soil by lowering of watertable and brackish water ice thawing in spring.
For solving above-mentioned second technical problem, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that
The irrigation system in winter in coastal region salt-soda soil, a kind of north, this system includes pumped well, immersible pump, pipeline, storage reservoir and salt water；
The degree of depth of described pumped well is 15-20 rice, well head a diameter of 0.4-0.6 rice, the borehole wall of described pumped well is fixed with marine riser and filter pipe, described marine riser and filter pipe connect and are perpendicular to shaft bottom, described marine riser is packed in the tube wall of well depth less than 2 meters, and described filter pipe is packed in ground at well depth 2 meters；
Described immersible pump is placed in pumped well, leads to storage reservoir by pipeline；For the salt water in well is evacuated to storage reservoir.
Preferably, described pumped well is provided with many mouthfuls, at a distance of 50-60 rice between every mouthful of well, by square arrangement between described many mouthfuls of pumped wells.
In the north, beach saline land beats pumped well, and pumped well installs marine riser and filter pipe at the borehole wall, and the marine riser installed at well depth less than 2 meters place is to prevent deep subsoil water from penetrating into pumped well；The filter pipe installed (i.e. at well depth 2 meters) at 2 meters, ground to underground be for allow 2 meters deep more than the soil water penetrate into pumped well.When entering the winter, extraction saline groundwater is in storage reservoir, and not only lowering of watertable reduces deep soil salinity, provides salt water resources for freezing winter to form brackish water ice simultaneously.Winter low temperature effect makes the salt water in storage reservoir start to freeze, and forms the salt water ice sheet that thickness is 10-15 centimetre in salt water face, and its salinity is 2-4g/L；Being gathered by brackish water ice in storage reservoir, cover to alkaline land soil surface, form the icing that thickness is 40-60 centimetre and irrigate layer, irrigating for alkaline land soil in winter provides water source.In the winter time, owing to the salt born of the same parents' salinity in brackish water ice is the highest, remaining as liquid without freezing under general cryogenic conditions, salt born of the same parents can be discharged remaining fresh water ice crystal by action of gravity bottom ice body.After highrank fuel salinity water enters soil, soil salt branch increases, and soil permeability improves.Along with spring temperature rises, fresh water ice crystal slowly melts, and the salt water from pumped well is accumulated in cistern the most again, lowering of watertable；Fresh water ice crystal melts the fresh water formed can penetrate into alkaline land soil lentamente, these fresh water can dissolve a part of soil salt drip washing to deep soil in infitration process, coordinate pumped well groundwater abstraction, further lowering of watertable again so that deep soil desalination.Meanwhile, spring, fresh water entered soil, improved soil moisture content, germinates for spring-sown crops and seedling growth provides good soil desalination and moisture condition.
This dig pumped well, take out the combination of the many kinds of measures such as subsoil water, salt water glaciation, icing irrigation, can be with lowering of watertable, reduce deep soil salinity, the process that soil surface icing is irrigated, slowly melted by brackish water ice, oozes down, reduce topsoil soils salinity, increase soil moisture, make coastal region can make full use of saline groundwater resource to greatest extent, it is achieved alkaline land soil irrigates purpose under not having surface fresh water irrigation conditions.
Beneficial effects of the present invention is as follows:
1, salt water resources is made full use of.The present invention makes full use of the saline groundwater resource that beach saline land area is abundant, reduces and exploits deep fresh groundwater；
2, the low temperature resource of north coastal region is made full use of so that the salt water in the shallow pond of water-retention freezes to form brackish water ice winter, provides water source for providing alkaline land soil to irrigate；
3, on alkaline land soil, pumped well is beaten, groundwater abstraction, lowering of watertable, suppresses the deep soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil；
4, extraction Underground Water in Salinization Area, soar underground reservoir, increases the ice-melt water that winter, icing was irrigated and penetrates into the degree of depth of soil so that salt-soda soil deep soil desalination；
5, ice-melt later stage a large amount of fresh water penetrates into soil, increases soil moisture content, improves soil moisture content, provides favourable moisture condition for spring-sown crops germination or seedling growth；
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 illustrates the principle schematic of salt-soda soil of the present invention irrigation method and system；
Fig. 2 illustrates the profile of pumped well of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the present invention, below in conjunction with preferred embodiments and drawings, the present invention is described further.Parts similar in accompanying drawing are indicated with identical reference.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that following specifically described content is illustrative and be not restrictive, should not limit the scope of the invention with this.
In figure, 1 is pumped well, and 2 is immersible pump, and 3 is aqueduct, and 4 is storage reservoir, and 5 is salt water, and 6 is brackish water ice, and 7 irrigate layer for icing, and 8 is marine riser, and 9 is filter pipe.
Such as Fig. 1, shown in Fig. 2, coastal saline-alkali arranges pumped well 1 on the ground, connect aqueduct 3 with immersible pump 2 when entering the winter and extract in pumped well 1 saline groundwater in storage reservoir 4, storage reservoir 4 is formed under salt water 5 cold service in the winter time there is certain thickness brackish water ice 6, being taken out by these brackish water ice 6 and be accumulated to alkaline land soil surface, the icing forming 40-60cm irrigates layer 7.
The borehole wall of pumped well 1 uses the tubing string that marine riser 8 and filter pipe 9 combine, and is vertically mounted in the wellhole accomplished fluently in advance, at the bottom of pipe peupendicular hole.Marine riser is arranged on less than 2 meters, underground place, and filter pipe is arranged at 2 meters, ground to underground.
In Huanghua City, Hebei province, 13 groups, prompt friendship farm salt-soda soil experiment irrigation method in winter of the present invention, comprises the steps:
1,2012 spring, (Soil salinity is 2.5g/kg) made a call to 3 pumped wells on saline-alkali wasteland, and the pumped well degree of depth is 20 meters, a diameter of 0.4 meter of well head, apart 60 meters between pumped well；The borehole wall uses marine riser and filter pipe to want the tubing string combined, and is vertically mounted in the wellhole accomplished fluently in advance；Marine riser is arranged on less than 2 meters, underground place, and filter pipe non-woven wraps is arranged at 2 meters, ground to underground；
Enter to storage reservoir with immersible pump continuous drawing subsoil water when 2, entering the winter so that the water level in pumped well is reduced to less than 2 meters；Forming 1.7 meters of deep salt water layers in storage reservoir, salt water salinity is 15g/L；
3, during winter low temperature makes storage reservoir, salt water freezes, and December in 2012 salt water surface on the 20th forms salt water ice sheet；During December in 2012 30 days, salt water ice thickness is 15 centimetres, and its salinity is 2.5g/L；
4, step 1-3 is repeated.
5, the salt water ice of multi collect storage reservoir covers to alkaline land soil surface, finally forms the icing that thickness is 40 centimetres on alkaline land soil and irrigates layer；
6, the salt water pump-and-treat system in storage reservoir that will not freeze below ice sheet in step 5；
7, spring natural conditions change, icing irrigates layer when starting to melt, and again extracts saline groundwater from well, and is accumulated in storage reservoir by salt water；By this step so that icing irrigates the thawing of layer does not cause level of ground water to raise, thus causes deep soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil phenomenon；This is because after again extracting salt water, level of ground water has had reduction, the water after icing irrigates melting layer will not promote level of ground water, thus inhibits the deep soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil.
Each layer soil salt and salt rejection rate such as following table before and after the irrigation of saline-land salt-water ice:
Table 1 salt-soda soil icing irrigates lower soil moisture content and the change of salinity
After the icing of the present invention and prior art is irrigated, salt-soda soil 0-20cm and 20-40cm layer soil salt drop to 1.50g/kg and 2.50g/kg from 3.50g/kg and 3.70g/kg respectively.Prior art icing is irrigated and salt-soda soil 60-80cm and 80-100cm layer soil salt is increased, and forms deep soil salt accumulation layer, there is the risk of the 0-40cm layer soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil；And salt-soda soil 60-80cm and 80-100cm layer soil salt all reduce after icing of the present invention is irrigated, it is formed without deep soil salt accumulation layer, reduces the risk of the 0-40cm layer soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil.
Obviously; the above embodiment of the present invention is only for clearly demonstrating example of the present invention; and it is not the restriction to embodiments of the present invention; for those of ordinary skill in the field; can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description; here cannot all of embodiment be given exhaustive, every belong to obvious change that technical scheme extended out or the variation row still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the irrigation method in winter in a northern coastal region salt-soda soil, it is characterised in that: include walking as follows
Rapid:
1) dig a well；
2) from well, saline groundwater is extracted, and the salt water extracted out with storage reservoir accumulation；
3) step 2) the middle salt water glaciation under field conditions (factors) extracted out；
4) by step 3) ice cube that is frozen into covers and forms icing at soil surface and irrigate layer；
5) by step 3) in the salt water that do not freezes below ice sheet extract out in storage reservoir；
6) change in natural conditions, when icing irrigation layer starts to melt, from well, again extract underground
Salt water, and salt water is accumulated in storage reservoir；
7) repeat to implement step 2)-6), the winter that can realize coastal region salt-soda soil, the north irrigates；
When the icing obtained if once frozen irrigates layer amount deficiency, repeat step 2)-5)；
Step 2) at least 1.5 meters of salt water in described storage reservoir is deep, and the salinity of described salt water is 15-20g/L；
Step 4) described icing irrigate layer ice layer thickness be 40-60cm, ice sheet salinity is 2-4g/L.
The most according to claim 1, the irrigation method in winter in coastal region salt-soda soil, the north, its feature exists
In preferably, step 1) degree of depth of described well is 15-20 rice, well head a diameter of 0.4-0.6 rice.
3. the irrigation method in winter for the north as claimed in claim 1 coastal region salt-soda soil
The north coastal region salt-soda soil irrigation system in winter, it is characterised in that: this system include pumped well (1),
Immersible pump (2), pipeline (3), storage reservoir (4) and salt water (5)；
The degree of depth of described pumped well (1) is 15-20 rice, well head a diameter of 0.4-0.6 rice, described pumped well
The borehole wall is fixed with marine riser (8) and filter pipe (9), described marine riser (8) and filter pipe (9) and connects and be perpendicular to well
The end, described marine riser (8) is packed in the tube wall of well depth less than 2 meters, and described filter pipe (9) is packed in ground
To well depth 2 meters.
Described immersible pump (2) is placed in pumped well (1), leads to storage reservoir (4) by pipeline (3).
Winter the most according to claim 3 irrigation system, it is characterised in that: described pumped well (1)
It is provided with many mouthfuls, at a distance of 50-60 rice between every mouthful of well, by square arrangement between described many mouthfuls of pumped wells.
Winter the most according to claim 3 irrigation system, it is characterised in that: described storage reservoir (4)
In salt water (5) degree of depth at least 1.5 meters, the salinity of described salt water is 15-20g/L；Described salt water is frozen
The ice layer thickness of Cheng Bing is 15-20cm, and ice sheet salinity is 2-4g/L.
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| CN104620939B (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2017-04-05 | 天津泰达盐碱地绿化研究中心有限公司 | A kind of water-saving irrigation method of the quick Leaching and desalinization of strand barged-in fill |
| CN105756124B (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2018-01-09 | 浙江省水利水电勘测设计院 | Bank-dam combined bowl type water distribution well |
| CN106171094A (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2016-12-07 | 莆田秀屿区群韬农业技术开发有限公司 | A kind of modification method in salt-soda soil, sea area |
| CN106665218A (en) * | 2017-01-03 | 2017-05-17 | 大连理工常州研究院有限公司 | Device and method for supplying water and adjusting air temperature by means of ice water morphologic changes |
| CN109205787B (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2021-08-27 | 安徽工业大学 | Refrigeration purification system and purification method for sewage by dumping method |
| CN110896694B (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2023-05-19 | 清华大学 | Method for preventing and controlling surface soil salinization of underground reservoir and supporting facilities |
| CN111395253B (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2021-07-09 | 河海大学 | Method for preventing reservoir salinization in coastal region by setting brackish water level |
| CN112703851B (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2022-09-16 | 魏永阳 | Ecological restoration method for saline-alkali soil |
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