CN103988756B - The Schima superba fire forest belt construction method of Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations - Google Patents
The Schima superba fire forest belt construction method of Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations Download PDFInfo
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- CN103988756B CN103988756B CN201410251900.3A CN201410251900A CN103988756B CN 103988756 B CN103988756 B CN 103988756B CN 201410251900 A CN201410251900 A CN 201410251900A CN 103988756 B CN103988756 B CN 103988756B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the construction method of Schima superba fire forest belt in Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations, the method comprises the following steps: (1) is along ridge line center line, with a brick firebreak, firebreak stays the animal corridor of a 5 ~ 15m at a certain distance, and firebreak both sides respectively build 2 row or 3 row Schima superbas again; (2) 4 row or 6 row Schima superbas are being built along side, lanceolata forest forest land, until be connected with the Schima superba that step (1) is made at mountain baseline or level land; (3) fire forest belt closes the formation of circle: after step (1) and (2) having been built, its periphery domatic of this block mountain area Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations just surround by Schima Superba Forest, form the closed circle of fire forest belt.The present invention changes the situation of building fire forest belt by rule of thumb, has good flameproof effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to forest fire protection, be specifically related to a kind of Schima superba fire forest belt construction method of Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations.
Background technology
Forest fire is a kind of sudden strong, destructive large, natural calamity of disposing relief comparatively difficulty.Forest fire protection work is that China prevents and reduces natural disasters the important component part of work, it is the important content of national public emergent System Construction, it is the important leverage that social stability and the people live and work in peace and contentment, it is Speeding up Forestry Development, strengthen basis and the prerequisite of ecological construction, concerning the forest resources and ecological safety, concerning life property safety of people, concerning the overall situation of reform, development and stability.
At present, effective means are lacked to forest fire protection, have for several times forest fire to occur every year, and sustained combustion many days, cause huge damage part.In recent years, fire forest belt more and more comes into one's own in forest sustainable management and forest fire protection.Schima superba is South China Forest Area one-level Properties of Fire Prevention Trees, and the construction of Schima superba fire forest belt is progressively applied at south China, and the width design in the forest belt very important index that to be forest belt build, some result of study difference domestic is large, extensive, lacks operability.Existing shelter strip breadth controls and forest belt Planting Techniques method cannot meet current forest fire protection needs.
Lanceolata forest fast growing, material are good, purposes is wide, it is the Major Tree Species Planted in south China forest zone, lanceolata forest has very important status in the southern province forest resources such as Hunan, Hubei, Fujian, Jiangxi, and China fir belongs to inflammable seeds, lanceolata forest is easy to forest fire occurs, and fire has a strong impact on the ecosystem, Environmental security, social economy's formation and threatens.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiency of prior art, the invention provides a kind of Schima superba fire forest belt construction method of Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations, when the present invention solves fire forest belt construction from theory and practice, shelter strip breadth controls difficult problem, changes the situation of building fire forest belt by rule of thumb.
The present invention program comprises the following steps:
(1) along ridge line center line, with a brick firebreak, firebreak stays the animal corridor of a 5 ~ 15m at a certain distance, and firebreak both sides respectively build 2 row or 3 row Schima superbas again;
(2) 4 row or 6 row Schima superbas are being built along side, lanceolata forest forest land, until be connected with the Schima superba that step (1) is made at mountain baseline or level land;
(3) fire forest belt closes the formation of circle: after step (1) and (2) having been built, its periphery domatic of this block mountain area Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations just surround by Schima Superba Forest, form the closed circle of fire forest belt.
Preferably, the spacing in the rows of step (1) Schima superba is 2 meters.
Another preferred version is, the line-spacing of step (1) Schima superba is 3 meters.
Another preferred version is, the line-spacing between the Schima superba that step (1) is adjacent with firebreak and firebreak is 3 meters.
Another preferred version is, the line-spacing between China fir and adjacent Schima superba is 2 meters, and the plant/line spacing of lanceolata forest is 2 meters, distributes in plum blossom-shaped.
Another preferred version is, firebreak is equipped with fire-fighting spraying head.
Another preferred version is, firebreak is equipped with 1 fire-fighting spraying head every 10 meters.
Method in the present invention is applicable to apply when building Forest Belts of Biological Fire Prevention in the forest plantation of south China Hills And Low Mountains.Technical method of the present invention be adapted at Schima superba be Properties of Fire Prevention Trees southern Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations business process in implement.Have a extensive future.It mainly has the following advantages:
1, method of the present invention is easy and simple to handle, and implementation result is good, changes and prevents fires by rule of thumb in the past, the present situation that flameproof effect is bad, is suitable in the large scale application of China fir forest zone;
2, the present invention's environmental factors, the Main Climatic Factors of forest fire prevention period, forest factor of Schima superba fire forest belt in southern low hilly land district Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations by inquiry, test obtains the width control system number table of Schima superba fire forest belt, the technical staple that forest belt is built is determined according to number table and forest zone type, easy and simple to handle, easy grasp, technical method can improve forest fire protection usefulness after implementing, improve stand quality and woodland scenery aesthetic values, successful;
3, the construction of Schima Superba Forest and the structure in forest belt can be realized fast, facilitate Management of forest stand to manage.
4, implemented by technology, the bio-diversity in forest zone can be improved, increase the income in forest zone.
Embodiment:
Below provide the preferred embodiment of the present invention, to help understanding the present invention further, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited in these embodiments.
1 fire field environment builds and data acquisition
1.1 fire field environment
Lanceolata forest is a kind of Forest Types that southern forest fire mainly occurs, fire field environment comprises: the natural environment such as geographical position, height above sea level, soil, weather, mean temperature of air in the scene of a fire, and Schima Superba Forest bandwidth (m), line number (OK), spacing in the rows (m), line-spacing (m), the age of stand (a), Schima superba forest belt mean height (m), mean DBH increment (cm), even crown diameter (m in lanceolata forest
2), mean crown-height (m), crown density, growing state grading etc.Both sides Stand Age, forest belt (a), Chinese fir Stand Advantage height (m), burnt area (m
2), contiguous a line China fir trunk and Schima Superba Forest band trunk distance 2m; Understory species coverings etc., as table 1 and table 2.
Schima superba fire forest belt growing state tested by table 1
Scene of a fire lanceolata forest basic condition tested by table 2
The artificial scene of a fire is selected in cutting area, for reducing forest resources loss, China fir is reserved in the both sides, ridge Schima superba forest belt in cutting area, can cause death or affect its growth after China fir overdoes, but be the material that the China fir felled does not affect China fir on Felling area design, unaffected to its market price after cuting down peeling saw lumber.Burnt area is 1200m
2(long 40m, wide 30m), the dry branches and leaves of even laid China fir under lanceolata forest, thickness is 30cm, and in igniting place with on the standing forest in Schima superba forest belt, evenly a little diesel oil of spray painting is combustion-supporting simultaneously.
Test period is with noon of the forest fire prevention period of easy breaking out of fire and afternoon.Record temperature, wind direction, wind speed.After igniting, when flame impingement Schima superba forest belt, record flame maximum height.
1.2 index determining
(1) combustion rate calculates.Burning area accounts for the percentage of the combustibles gross area, takes Area Ratio Method to calculate.
(2) flame height measures vertical moistening mark post by the Schima superba of contiguous China fir, and minimum scale is 0.1m, maximum scale 10m, reads number of division and judges.
(3) Schima superba leaf degree of combustion measures.Before record burning, leaf amount and the leaf amount that overdoes after testing, calculate by number ratio.
(4) Mars quantitative measurement.Take national sampling survey, on sample ground, spread plastic foam, statistics meets the fusion hole quantity of Mars formation of foam.
1.3 result of the test
Record following data, as table 3,4
Table 3 Schima superba forest belt test for flame retardance table
Table 4 is through the Mars quantity in Schima superba forest belt
2 data analyses and shelter strip breadth Controlling model
Forest fire appealing needs continuous combustible, and forest belt can intercept the continuity of combustibles, but Mars can form new fire puts its propagation and not necessarily need continuous combustible band, endangers larger; Determine shelter strip breadth, the maximum distance that when will know that lanceolata forest is burnt, Mars penetrates through forest belt, therefore, priority control may ignite the Mars quantity of fire.Definition Mars fall into the i-th row and i+1 capable between the probability P of Schima superba fire forest belt
i, test finds, the Mars of forest fire of likely igniting, the quantity of Mars between each row Schima superba fire forest belt has very large difference, but the P of Mars between adjacent rows forest belt
ivalue difference is different not remarkable, gets P
imathematical expectation fall into probability p as Mars at Schima Superba Forest interband, namely
The probability that table 5 Schima superba forest belt moderate heat star falls into
If l
ifor distance between shelter strips.Within the specific limits, the ratio that Mars falls between forest belt is directly proportional to its width, then have
P
i=(l
i/l
0)p
0(2)
Wherein, l
0and p
0for test determination data.
The determination of shelter strip breadth, namely forest belt line-spacing one timing, the line number in forest belt, set up when there is versatility shelter strip breadth model, introduce parameter factors such as affecting the gradient of forest fire appealing and wind speed, because orographic condition and weather conditions adjust, draw general result.First slope factor is introduced
θ is the test gradient, and wind is on the impact of Speed of forest fire spreading wind-force corrigendum system (K in the just non-Fire spreading model of king
w) calculate, (wind-force during test more positive coefficient is K
0),
Table 6 wind speed factor pair answers wind-force to correct COEFFICIENT K w value
Wind scale | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
K wValue | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 4.2 | 6.5 | 9.0 | 13.0 |
Therefore, after introducing the gradient and wind speed index factor, Schima superba fire forest belt width control system model is:
Constraint function
The practical significance of m refers to the ratio that Mars passes under the obstruct in n layer Schima superba forest belt, when model calculates, needs the size of definite threshold m.Determine in conjunction with local forest fuel, weather conditions, the common water content factor of combustible etc.
embodiment 1
(1) construction of ridge Schima superba fire forest belt
Ridge establishes firebreak, not only can back-fire relief, and can be used for reducing artificial disturbance (go hunting or fell trees unlawfully), but will arrange animal activity passage.Firebreak is built in ridge line center line, is built into the common brick built a house, long 500m; thick 15cm, high 1.5m, stay the animal corridor of a 10m every the firebreak of 500m; make wildlife living space and habitat interference-free with transition fragmentation, save the wild animals.Firebreak both sides build 2 row again, and line-spacing is the Schima superba of 3m, and build mode plum blossom-shaped, the China fir of construction and the line-spacing 2m of adjacent Schima superba, the seeding row spacing of lanceolata forest is 2m, also becomes plum blossom-shaped.
(2) construction of mountain baseline or level land Schima superba fire forest belt
Along mountain baseline or level land at the Schima superba building 4 row 2m*3m along side, lanceolata forest forest land, the China fir of construction and the line-spacing 2m of adjacent Schima superba, the seeding row spacing of lanceolata forest is 2m, also becomes plum blossom-shaped.
Mountain baseline or level land, accessibility is high, soil is relatively fertile, population activity frequency, before Schima superba closing of crop (first 3 years after afforestation), these crops of Teng such as watermelon, Ipomoea batatas, yam bean can be planted, the early growth period of fruit or melon, table soil is turned over, weeding, can reduce weeds, assorted filling, and growth animated period plant each portion moisture is high, probability of catching fire is low, few or the whole harvesting utilization (as Ipomoea batatas) of residue after results, Fire danger is few, is conducive to the economic well-being of workers and staff that forest zone fireproof can increase forest zone simultaneously like this.
(3) fire forest belt closes the formation of circle.
When by step (1) and (2), after having built, this block forest land (one domatic) its periphery just surround by the strong Schima Superba Forest of back-fire relief function, the closed circle of formation fire forest belt.Afforest according to this, an operating unit, after during construction China fir, each domatic (if when being greater than 100 mu domatic, artificially can building the method for Schima superba with ridge line, Chinese fir Stand is slit into sheet), like this, the fire forest belt network in forest zone builds up.
embodiment 2
(1) construction of ridge Schima superba fire forest belt
Firebreak is built in ridge line center line, is built into the common brick built a house, long 500m; thick 20cm, high 1.6m, stay the animal corridor of a 10m every the firebreak of 500m; make wildlife living space and habitat interference-free with transition fragmentation, save the wild animals.3 row are respectively built again in firebreak both sides, and line-spacing is the Schima superba of 3m, and build mode plum blossom-shaped, the China fir of construction and the line-spacing 2m of adjacent Schima superba, the seeding row spacing of lanceolata forest is 2m, also becomes plum blossom-shaped.Line-spacing between the Schima superba adjacent with firebreak and firebreak is 3 meters.
(2) construction of mountain baseline or level land Schima superba fire forest belt
Along mountain baseline or level land at the Schima superba building 6 row 2m*3m along side, lanceolata forest forest land, the China fir of construction and the line-spacing 2m of adjacent Schima superba, the seeding row spacing of lanceolata forest is 2m, also becomes plum blossom-shaped.
Mountain baseline or level land, accessibility is high, soil is relatively fertile, population activity frequency, before Schima superba closing of crop (first 3 years after afforestation), these crops of Teng such as watermelon, Ipomoea batatas, yam bean can be planted, the early growth period of fruit or melon, table soil is turned over, weeding, can reduce weeds, assorted filling, and growth animated period plant each portion moisture is high, probability of catching fire is low, few or the whole harvesting utilization (as Ipomoea batatas) of residue after results, Fire danger is few, is conducive to the economic well-being of workers and staff that forest zone fireproof can increase forest zone simultaneously like this.
(3) fire forest belt closes the formation of circle.
When by step (1) and (2), after having built, this block forest land (one domatic) its periphery just surround by the strong Schima Superba Forest of back-fire relief function, the closed circle of formation fire forest belt.Using such method (if when being greater than 100 mu domatic, artificially can building the method for Schima superba with ridge line, Chinese fir Stand is slit into sheet), the fire forest belt network in forest zone builds up.
embodiment 3
(1) construction of ridge Schima superba fire forest belt
Build firebreak at ridge line center line, be built into the common brick built a house, long 500m, thick 15cm, high 1.5m, stay the animal corridor of a 5m every the firebreak of 500m, make the interference-free and transition fragmentation in wildlife living space and habitat, save the wild animals.Firebreak fills a fire-fighting spraying head every 10 meter amperes.Firebreak both sides build 2 row again, and line-spacing is the Schima superba of 3m, and build mode plum blossom-shaped, the China fir of construction and the line-spacing 2m of adjacent Schima superba, the seeding row spacing of lanceolata forest is 2m, also becomes plum blossom-shaped.Line-spacing between the Schima superba adjacent with firebreak and firebreak is 3 meters.
(2) construction of mountain baseline or level land Schima superba fire forest belt
Along mountain baseline or level land at the Schima superba building 4 row 2m*3m along side, lanceolata forest forest land, the China fir of construction and the line-spacing 2m of adjacent Schima superba, the seeding row spacing of lanceolata forest is 2m, also becomes plum blossom-shaped.
(3) fire forest belt closes the formation of circle.
When by step (1) and (2), after having built, this block forest land (one domatic) its periphery just surround by the strong Schima Superba Forest of back-fire relief function, the closed circle of formation fire forest belt.Using such method (if when being greater than 100 mu domatic, artificially can building the method for Schima superba with ridge line, Chinese fir Stand is slit into sheet), the fire forest belt network in forest zone builds up.
embodiment 4
(1) construction of ridge Schima superba fire forest belt
With the long 500m of common brick multistage built a house, thick 15cm, the firebreak of high 1.5m, stays the animal corridor of a 15m every the firebreak of 500m, make wildlife living space and habitat interference-free with transition fragmentation, save the wild animals.Firebreak both sides build 2 row again, and line-spacing is the Schima superba of 3m, and build mode plum blossom-shaped, the China fir of construction and the line-spacing 2m of adjacent Schima superba, the seeding row spacing of lanceolata forest is 2m, also becomes plum blossom-shaped.
(2) construction of mountain baseline or level land Schima superba fire forest belt
Along mountain baseline or level land at the Schima superba building 4 row 2m*3m along side, lanceolata forest forest land, the China fir of construction and the line-spacing 2m of adjacent Schima superba, the seeding row spacing of lanceolata forest is 2m, also becomes plum blossom-shaped.
(3) fire forest belt closes the formation of circle.
When by step (1) and (2), after having built, this block forest land (one domatic) its periphery just surround by the strong Schima Superba Forest of back-fire relief function, the closed circle of formation fire forest belt.Using such method, forms the fire forest belt network in forest zone.
Above-described embodiment is the present invention's preferably embodiment; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; change, the modification done under other any does not deviate from Spirit Essence of the present invention and principle, substitute, combine, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the Schima superba fire forest belt construction method of Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) along ridge line center line, with a brick firebreak, firebreak stays the animal corridor of a 5 ~ 15m at a certain distance, and firebreak both sides respectively build 2 row or 3 row Schima superbas again;
(2) 4 row or 6 row Schima superbas are being built along side, lanceolata forest forest land, until be connected with the Schima superba that step (1) is made at mountain baseline or level land;
(3) fire forest belt closes the formation of circle: after step (1) and (2) having been built, its periphery domatic of this block mountain area Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations just surround by Schima Superba Forest, form the closed circle of fire forest belt.
2. the Schima superba fire forest belt construction method of Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the spacing in the rows of step (1) Schima superba is 2 meters.
3. the Schima superba fire forest belt construction method of Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the line-spacing of step (1) Schima superba is 3 meters.
4. the Schima superba fire forest belt construction method of Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the line-spacing between the Schima superba that step (1) is adjacent with firebreak and firebreak is 3 meters.
5. the Schima superba fire forest belt construction method of Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations according to Claims 1-4 any one claim, it is characterized in that, the line-spacing between China fir and adjacent Schima superba is 2 meters, and the plant/line spacing of lanceolata forest is 2 meters, distributes in plum blossom-shaped.
6. the Schima superba fire forest belt construction method of Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations according to Claims 1-4 any one claim, is characterized in that, firebreak is equipped with fire-fighting spraying head.
7. the Schima superba fire forest belt construction method of Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations according to claim 6, is characterized in that, firebreak is equipped with 1 fire-fighting spraying head every 10 meters.
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