CN104396686B - Fire forest belt construction method for Chinese fir plantation - Google Patents
Fire forest belt construction method for Chinese fir plantation Download PDFInfo
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- CN104396686B CN104396686B CN201410251898.XA CN201410251898A CN104396686B CN 104396686 B CN104396686 B CN 104396686B CN 201410251898 A CN201410251898 A CN 201410251898A CN 104396686 B CN104396686 B CN 104396686B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fire forest belt construction method for a Chinese fir plantation. The method comprises the following steps: (1) a row of myrica rubra is planted along a ridgeline center line, and two rows of schima superba are planted on each of the two sides of the ridgeline, wherein 4 rows of schima superba are planted in total; (2) a trail with a width of 3m is arranged at a hill baseline, and two rows of landscape trees with high fire protection functions, such as elaeocarpus decipiens, magnolia, ginkgo or camellia, are planted on each of the two sides of the trail, until the landscape trees are connected with the schima superba planted in the step (1); and (3) a fire protection forest closed ring is formed, wherein when the steps (1) and (2) are completed, a periphery of a slope of the hill area Chinese fir plantation is surrounded by schima superba forest, such that a fire forest belt closed ring is formed. The method provided by the invention assists, theoretically and practically, in solving a problem of forest width control difficulty during fire forest belt construction. With the method, a situation of constructing fire forest belts according to experiences is changed. The method has good popularization and application prospects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates in Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations fire forest belt construction method and in particular to a kind of for Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations
Fire forest belt builds method.
Background technology
Forest fire be a kind of sudden strong, destructive big, dispose the more difficult natural disaster of relief.Forest fire protection work
Work is the important component part of Chinese work of preventing and reducing natural disasters, and is the important content of national public emergent System Construction, is that society is steady
The important leverage that the fixed and people live and work in peace and contentment, is to speed up forest development, strengthens basis and the premise of ecological construction, concerning forest money
Source and ecological safety, concerning life property safety of people, concerning the overall situation of reform, development and stability.
At present, effective means are lacked to forest fire protection, have forest fire for several times to occur every year, and sustained combustion is many
Day, cause huge damage part.In recent years, fire forest belt is increasingly taken seriously in forest sustainable management and forest fire protection.Wood
Lotus, Fructus Myricae rubrae is South China Forest Area one-level Properties of Fire Prevention Trees, and the construction of Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis fire forest belt is in south China progressively popularization and application, and forest belt
Width design be the highly important index that forest belt is built, some result of study differences domestic are big, and extensive, shortage can be grasped
The property made.Existing shelter strip breadth controls and forest belt Planting Techniques method cannot meet current forest fire protection needs.
Lanceolata forest fast growing, material are good, purposes is wide, are the Major Tree Species Planteds in south China forest zone, lanceolata forest is in lake
There is very important status in the forest reserves of the south such as south, Hubei, Fujian, Jiangxi province, and Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae belong to inflammable seeds,
Lanceolata forest is easy to forest fire, and fire constitutes to ecosystem, Environmental security, social economy and has a strong impact on and threaten.
Content of the invention
Above-mentioned in order to overcome the shortcomings of prior art, the present invention provides a kind of fire forest belt for Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations to build
Method, when the present invention solves fire forest belt construction from theory and practice, shelter strip breadth controls difficult problem, changes by rule of thumb
Build the situation of fire forest belt.
The present invention program comprises the following steps：
(1) plant 1 row Cortex Myricae Rubrae (Cortex Myricae Esculentae) along ridge line centrage, respectively build 2 row Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis again in ridge line both sides respectively, build altogether
Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis 4 row；
(2) and then in mountain baseline 3 meter Kuan You roads are set, trip road both sides are each to build two row Elaeocarpus decipiens or Magnolia denudata (or Semen Ginkgo, Flos Camelliae Japonicae etc.
Seeds), until the Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis made with step (1) are connected；
(3) formation of fire forest belt closure circle：After the completion of step (1) and (2) are built, this block mountain area Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations
One its periphery domatic is just surrounded by Schima Superba Forest, forms the closure circle of fire forest belt.
Another preferred version is that the spacing in the rows of step (1) Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis is 2 meters.
Another preferred version is that the line-spacing of step (1) Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis is 3 meters.
Another preferred version is that 4 row Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis are being built along lanceolata forest forest land side in mountain baseline or level land.
Another preferred version is that the line-spacing between Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae and adjacent Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis is 2 meters, and the plant/line spacing of lanceolata forest is 2 meters,
It is distributed in plum blossom-shaped.
Another preferred version is that the spacing in the rows of step (1) Fructus Myricae rubrae is 2 meters.
Method in the present invention is pushed away when can build Forest Belts of Biological Fire Prevention in the artificial forest of south China Hills And Low Mountains
Wide application.Technical method of the present invention is suitable in the southern Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations business process with Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis as Properties of Fire Prevention Trees real
Apply.Have a extensive future.It mainly has advantages below：
1st, the method for the present invention is easy and simple to handle, and implementation result is good, changes and was prevented fires by rule of thumb in the past, flameproof effect
Bad present situation, is suitable in the large scale application of Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae forest zone；
2nd, the present invention environmental factors of Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis fire forest belt, forest in southern low hilly land area Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations by inquiry
The Main Climatic Factors of fire prevention phase, the forest factor, test obtains the width control system number table of Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis fire forest belt, according to number table and woods
Area's type determines the technical staple that forest belt is built, easy and simple to handle, is easily mastered, after technical method is implemented, it is possible to increase gloomy
Woods fire prevention efficiency, improves stand quality and woodland scenery aesthetic values, effect is obvious；
3rd, can quickly realize the construction of Schima Superba Forest and the structure in forest belt, facilitate Management of forest stand to manage.
4th, pass through technology implementation, the bio-diversity in forest zone can be improved, increase the income in forest zone.
Specific embodiment：
The preferred embodiment of the present invention presented below, to help further understanding the present invention, but the protection model of the present invention
Enclose and be not limited in these embodiments.
1 fire field environment builds and data acquisition
1.1 fire field environment
Lanceolata forest is a kind of Forest Types that southern forest fire mainly occurs, and fire field environment includes：The geographical position in the scene of a fire
Put, Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis shelter strip breadth (m), line number (OK), strain in the natural environment, and lanceolata forest such as height above sea level, soil, weather, temperature on average
Away from (m), line-spacing (m), the age of stand (a), Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis forest belt mean height (m), mean DBH increment (cm), even crown diameter (m2), mean crown-height
(m), canopy density, growing state grading etc..Forest belt both sides Stand Age (a), Chinese fir Stand Advantage height (m), burnt area (m2)、
Neighbouring a line Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae trunk is with Schima Superba Forest band trunk apart from 2m；Understory species covering etc., such as Tables 1 and 2.
Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis fire forest belt growing state tested by table 1
Table 2 test scene of a fire lanceolata forest basic condition
The artificial scene of a fire selects in cutting area, for reducing forest reserves loss, reserves China fir in the ridge Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis forest belt both sides in cutting area
Wood, Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae can cause death after overdoing or affect its growth, but is the material that the Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae felled does not affect Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae on Felling area design,
Cut down peeling saw lumber after unaffected to its market price.Burnt area is 1200m2(long 40m, wide 30m), under lanceolata forest
The uniformly dry branch and leaf of laid Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae, thickness is 30cm, and at igniting and on the standing forest in Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis forest belt, uniformly spray painting is a little simultaneously
Diesel oil is combustion-supporting.
Test period is with the noon of the easy forest fire prevention period that fire occurs with the afternoon.Record temperature, wind direction, wind speed.Igniting
Afterwards, when flame impingement Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis forest belt, record flame maximum height.
1.2 index determining
(1) combustion rate calculates.Burning area accounts for the percentage ratio of the combustibles gross area, takes Area Ratio Method to calculate.
(2) flame height measures vertical moistening mark post by the Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis of neighbouring Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae, and minimum scale is 0.1m, maximum scale
10m, reads number of division and judges.
(3) Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis leaveves degree of combustion measures.Overdo leaveves amount after leaveves amount and test before record burning, with quantity than meter
Calculate.
(4) Mars quantitative measurement.Take national sampling survey, spread plastic foam on sample ground, statistics meets Mars foam
The fusion hole quantity being formed.
1.3 result of the test
Record following data, such as table 3,4
Table 3 Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis forest belt test for flame retardance table
Table 4 passes through the Mars quantity in Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis forest belt
2 data analysiss and shelter strip breadth Controlling model
Forest fire appealing needs continuous combustible, and forest belt can intercept the seriality of combustibles, but Mars can form new fiery point
It is propagated and is but not necessarily required to continuous combustible band, and harm is bigger；Shelter strip breadth to be determined is it is necessary to fire when knowing lanceolata forest burning
The maximum distance that star penetrates through forest belt, therefore, priority control may ignite the Mars quantity of fire.Define Mars and fall into the i-th row
The probability P of Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis fire forest belt and i+1 row betweeni, it is possible to the Mars of forest fire of igniting, Mars is in each row for test discovery
Very big difference is had on the quantity between Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis fire forest belt, but P between adjacent rows forest belt for the MarsiValue difference is different not to be shown
Write, take PiMathematical expectation fall into probability p as Mars in Schima Superba Forest interband, that is,
The probability that table 5 Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis forest belt moderate heat star falls into
If liFor distance between shelter strips.Within the specific limits, the ratio that Mars falls between forest belt is directly proportional to its width, then have
Pi=(li/l0)p0(2)
Wherein, l0And p0For testing determination data.
The determination of shelter strip breadth, that is, forest belt line-spacing one timing, the line number in forest belt, set up with versatility forest belt width
During degree model, introduce the parameter factors such as the gradient and the wind speed of impact forest fire appealing, because orographic condition and weather conditions are adjusted,
Draw general result.It is firstly introduced into slope factorθ is the test gradient, the shadow to Speed of forest fire spreading for the wind
Ring with wind-force corrigendum system (K in the just non-Fire spreading model of kingw) calculate, the more positive coefficient of wind-force during test is K0.
Table 6 wind speed factor pair answers wind-force corrigendum COEFFICIENT K w value
| Wind scale | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| Kw value | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 4.2 | 6.5 | 9.0 | 13.0 |
Therefore, after introducing the gradient and wind speed index factor, Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis fire forest belt width control system model is：
Constraint function
The practical significance of m refers to the ratio that Mars passes through under the obstruct in n-layer Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis forest belt, when model calculates, needs really
Determine the size of threshold value m.Determine in conjunction with local forest fuel, weather conditions, combustible common water content factor etc..
Embodiment 1
(1) (Fructus Myricae rubrae produces Fructus Myricae rubrae after planting 5 years, increases traveller to plant, along ridge line centrage, the Fructus Myricae rubrae that 1 distance between rows and hills is 2m
Aerobic mountain-climbing participatory (adopting Fructus Myricae rubrae fruit) tourism grade), Fructus Myricae rubrae Seedling 1-2 gives birth to, height of seedling>80cm, branch and leaf wheel number>4, respectively on mountain
Crestal line both sides build 2 row again, and line-spacing (away from Fructus Myricae rubrae and away from Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis) is the Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis of 3m, builds Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis 4 row of 2m*3m altogether, builds
Mode plum blossom-shaped, the Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae of construction is 2m with adjacent Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis line-spacing 2m, the seeding row spacing of lanceolata forest, also becomes plum blossom-shaped.
(2) mountain baseline, as the setting of trip road (trip road width 3m), builds 2 row 2m*3m apyrous and resistance along Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae forest land side
The high landscape seeds of fire:Elaeocarpus decipiens, Elaeocarpus decipiens Seedling 2-3 gives birth to, height of seedling>100cm, branch and leaf wheel number>4.Thereafter 2 row 2m*3m are built again
Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis, the line-spacing 2m of the Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae of construction and adjacent Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis, the seeding row spacing of lanceolata forest is 2m, all becomes plum blossom-shaped.
(3) formation of fire forest belt closure circle：By step (1), (2) build after the completion of, this block forest land (one domatic) its
Periphery is just surrounded by the back-fire relief anti-treeing kind such as strong Schima Superba Forest of back-fire relief function, forms the closure circle of fire forest belt.Method is (such as according to this
The really domatic method that when being more than 100 mu, artificially can build Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis with ridge line, be slit into piece Chinese fir Stand), form forest zone
Fire forest belt network.
Embodiment 2
Fire forest belt for Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations builds method, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps：
(1) plant 1 row Cortex Myricae Rubrae (Cortex Myricae Esculentae) along ridge line centrage, respectively build 2 row Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis again in ridge line both sides respectively, build altogether
Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis 4 row；Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis spacing in the rows and line-spacing are two meters.
(2) and then in mountain baseline set 3 meter Kuan You roads, two row Elaeocarpus decipiens or Magnolia denudata are built in trip road both sides, until with step (1) institute
The Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis made are connected；Build 4 row Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis in mountain baseline along lanceolata forest forest land side again, until the Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis phase made with step (1)
Even；Line-spacing between Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae and adjacent Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis is 2 meters, and the plant/line spacing of lanceolata forest is 2 meters, is distributed in plum blossom-shaped.
(3) formation of fire forest belt closure circle：After the completion of step (1) and (2) are built, this block mountain area Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations
One its periphery domatic is just surrounded by Schima Superba Forest, forms the closure circle of fire forest belt.
Embodiment 3
(1) plant, along ridge line centrage, the Fructus Myricae rubrae that 1 distance between rows and hills is 2m, build 2 row, line-spacing again in ridge line both sides respectively
(away from Fructus Myricae rubrae and away from Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis) for 3m Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis, altogether build 2m*3m Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis 4 row, build mode plum blossom-shaped, the Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae of construction with
Adjacent Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis line-spacing 2m, the seeding row spacing of lanceolata forest is 2m, also becomes plum blossom-shaped.
(2) mountain baseline, as the setting of trip road (trip road width 3m), builds the landscape seeds of 2 row 2m*3m along Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae forest land side
Magnolia denudata, Magnolia denudata Seedling 2-3 gives birth to, height of seedling>100cm, branch and leaf wheel number>4.Thereafter build 2 row 2m*3m Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis again, the Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae of construction with
The line-spacing 2m of adjacent Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis, the seeding row spacing of lanceolata forest is 2m, all becomes plum blossom-shaped.
(3) formation of fire forest belt closure circle：By step (1), (2) build after the completion of, this block forest land (one domatic) its
Periphery is just surrounded by the back-fire relief anti-treeing kind such as strong Schima Superba Forest of back-fire relief function, forms the closure circle of fire forest belt.Method is (such as according to this
The really domatic method that when being more than 100 mu, artificially can build Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis with ridge line, be slit into piece Chinese fir Stand), form forest zone
Fire forest belt network.
In embodiment, Magnolia denudata or Elaeocarpus decipiens may also be employed the seeds such as Semen Ginkgo, Flos Camelliae Japonicae.
Above-described embodiment is the present invention preferably embodiment, but embodiments of the present invention are not subject to above-described embodiment
Limit, other any spirit without departing from the present invention and the change made under principle, modification, replacement, combine, simplify,
All should be equivalent substitute mode, be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the fire forest belt being used for Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations builds method, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps：
(1) plant 1 row Cortex Myricae Rubrae (Cortex Myricae Esculentae) along ridge line centrage, respectively build 2 row Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis again in ridge line both sides respectively, build Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis altogether
4 row；Wherein, the spacing in the rows of Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis is 2 meters, and the line-spacing of Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis is 3 meters；
(2) and then in mountain baseline 3 meter Kuan You roads are set, trip road both sides are each to build two row Elaeocarpus decipiens or Magnolia denudata, until being made with step (1)
Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis be connected；
(3) formation of fire forest belt closure circle：After the completion of step (1) and (2) are built, one of this block mountain area Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations
Its periphery domatic is just surrounded by Schima Superba Forest and Cortex Myricae Rubrae (Cortex Myricae Esculentae), forms the closure circle of fire forest belt.
2. the fire forest belt being used for Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations according to claim 1 builds method, it is characterized in that, mountain baseline or level land
Building 4 row Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis along Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations forest land side.
3. fire forest belt for Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations according to claim 1 or claim 2 builds method, it is characterized in that, Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae and phase
Line-spacing between adjacent Cortex Schimatis superbae Radicis is 2 meters, and the plant/line spacing of Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations is 2 meters, is distributed in plum blossom-shaped.
4. the fire forest belt being used for Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations according to claim 1 builds method, it is characterized in that, step (1) Fructus Myricae rubrae
Spacing in the rows be 2 meters.
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| RU2262837C1 (en) * | 2004-03-16 | 2005-10-27 | Львов Сергей Михайлович | Method for development of forest stock plots adjoining to line construction protection zones |
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