CN104082087A - Construction method for schima superba fire prevention forest belt in mountain slope fir planted forest - Google Patents
Construction method for schima superba fire prevention forest belt in mountain slope fir planted forest Download PDFInfo
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- CN104082087A CN104082087A CN201410251906.0A CN201410251906A CN104082087A CN 104082087 A CN104082087 A CN 104082087A CN 201410251906 A CN201410251906 A CN 201410251906A CN 104082087 A CN104082087 A CN 104082087A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a construction method for a schima superba fire prevention forest belt in a fir planted forest, in particular to a construction method for a schima superba fire prevention forest belt in a mountain slope fir planted forest. The method comprises the following steps: (1) planting one row of schima superbas at a plant spacing of 1.8-2.2 m along the middle of a mountain ridge line, and respectively planting one to three rows of schima superbas on the two sides of the mountain ridge line at a row spacing of 2.5-3.0 m; (2) then, planting 3-5 rows of schima superbas on a mountain baseline or flat ground along one side of the fir forest until connecting with the schima superbas planted in the step (1); (3) after finishing construction in steps (1) and (2), enclosing the periphery of one slope of the mountain slope fir planted forest by the schima superbas, and forming the enclosing circle of the fire prevention forest belt. The problem that the width of the forest belt is difficult to control when the fire prevention forest belt is constructed is solved from both the theory and the practice, and the situation that the fire prevention forest belt is constructed by experience is changed. The technical method has wide popularization and application prospects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the construction method of Schima superba fire forest belt in Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations, be specifically related to the construction method of Schima superba fire forest belt in the domatic Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations in a kind of mountain area
Background technology
Forest fire be a kind of sudden strong, destructive large, dispose the comparatively natural calamity of difficulty of relief.Forest fire protection work is the prevent and reduce natural disasters important component part of work of China, it is the important content of national public emergent System Construction, it is the important leverage that social stability and the people live and work in peace and contentment, it is Speeding up Forestry Development, strengthen basis and the prerequisite of ecological construction, concerning the forest resources and ecological safety, concerning life property safety of people, concerning the overall situation of reform, development and stability.
At present, forest fire protection is lacked to effective means, have every year for several times forest fire to occur, and sustained combustion many days, huge damage part caused.In recent years, fire forest belt more and more comes into one's own in forest sustainable management and forest fire protection.Schima superba is South China Forest Area one-level Properties of Fire Prevention Trees, and the construction of Schima superba fire forest belt is progressively applied at south China, and the width design in forest belt is the very important index that forest belt is built, and domestic some result of study difference is large, extensive, lacks operability.Existing forest belt width is controlled and forest belt Planting Techniques method cannot meet current forest fire protection needs.
Lanceolata forest fast growing, material is good, purposes is wide, it is the Major Tree Species Planted in south China forest zone, lanceolata forest has very important status in the southern province forest resources such as Hunan, Hubei, Fujian, Jiangxi, and China fir belongs to inflammable seeds, lanceolata forest is easy to occur forest fire, and fire forms and has a strong impact on and threaten the ecosystem, Environmental security, social economy.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiency of prior art, the invention provides a kind of in the domatic Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations in mountain area the construction method of Schima superba fire forest belt, when the present invention solves fire forest belt construction from theory and practice, forest belt width is controlled difficult problem, has changed the situation of building by rule of thumb fire forest belt.
The present invention program comprises the following steps: (1) builds along ridge line center the Schima superba that 1 distance between rows and hills is 1.8～2.2m, builds 1～3 row respectively, the Schima superba that line-spacing is 2.5～3.0m in ridge line both sides again; (2) then on mountain baseline or level land along lanceolata forest forest land one side build 3～5 row Schima superbas, until the Schima superba made from step (1) is connected; (3) after step (1) and (2) have been built, domatic its periphery of this piece mountain area Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations is just surrounded by Schima Superba Forest, forms the closure circle of fire forest belt.
Preferably, step (1) spacing in the rows is 2 meters.
Another preferred version is that step (1) line-spacing is 3 meters.
Another preferred version is, step (1) is respectively built respectively 2 row again in ridge line both sides, and line-spacing is the Schima superba of 3 meters, and step (1) Schima superba amounts to 5 row.
Another preferred version is that 4 row Schima superbas are being built along lanceolata forest forest land one side in mountain baseline or level land.
Another preferred version is, the line-spacing between China fir and adjacent Schima superba is 2 meters, and the plant/line spacing of lanceolata forest is 2 meters, is plum blossom-shaped and distributes.
When can building Forest Belts of Biological Fire Prevention in the forest plantation of south China Hills And Low Mountains, the method in the present invention is applicable.Technical method of the present invention is adapted at take implementing in southern Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations business process that Schima superba is Properties of Fire Prevention Trees.Have a extensive future.It mainly has the following advantages:
1, method of the present invention is easy and simple to handle, and implementation result is good, has changed in the past and has prevented fires by rule of thumb, and the present situation that flameproof effect is bad, is suitable in the large scale application of China fir forest zone;
2, the present invention by inquiry in southern low hilly land district Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations the environmental factors of Schima superba fire forest belt, the Main Climatic Factors of forest fire prevention period, the forest factor, test obtains the width of Schima superba fire forest belt and controls number table, according to number table and forest zone type, determine the technical method system that build in forest belt, easy and simple to handle, easily grasp, technical method can improve forest fire protection usefulness after implementing, improve stand quality and woodland scenery aesthetic values, successful;
3, can realize fast the construction of Schima Superba Forest and the structure in forest belt, facilitate Management of forest stand management.
4, by technology, implement, can improve the bio-diversity in forest zone, increase the income in forest zone.
Embodiment:
The preferred embodiment of the present invention is below provided, to help further, understand the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited in these embodiment.
1 fire field environment builds and data acquisition
1.1 fire field environment
Lanceolata forest is a kind of Forest Types that southern forest fire mainly occurs, fire field environment comprises: the natural environments such as the geographical position in the scene of a fire, height above sea level, soil, weather, mean temperature of air, and Schima Superba Forest bandwidth (m) in lanceolata forest, line number (OK), spacing in the rows (m), line-spacing (m), the age of stand (a), Schima superba forest belt mean height (m), the average diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground (cm), even crown diameter (m
2), mean crown-height (m), crown density, growing state grading etc.Both sides, forest belt Stand Ages (a), Chinese fir Stand advantage high (m), burnt area (m
2), contiguous a line China fir trunk and Schima Superba Forest band trunk be apart from 2m; Sylvan life vegetation coverings etc., as table 1 and table 2.
Table 1 test Schima superba fire forest belt growing state
Table 2 test scene of a fire lanceolata forest basic condition
The artificial scene of a fire is chosen in cutting area, for reducing forest resources loss, at the reserved China fir in the both sides, ridge Schima superba forest belt in cutting area, after overdoing, China fir can cause death or affect its growth, but the China fir that cutting area is designed to fell does not affect the material of China fir, cut down after peeling saw lumber unaffected to its market price.Burnt area is 1200m
2(long 40m, wide 30m), the dry branches and leaves of even laid China fir under lanceolata forest, thickness is 30cm, in igniting place with near the standing forest in Schima superba forest belt, evenly a little diesel oil of spray painting is combustion-supporting simultaneously.
Test period is with noon of the forest fire prevention period of easy breaking out of fire and afternoon.Record temperature, wind direction, wind speed.After igniting, when flame impingement Schima superba forest belt, record flame maximum height.
1.2 index determining
(1) combustion rate is calculated.Burning area accounts for the percentage of the combustibles gross area, takes Area Ratio Method to calculate.
(2) flame height measures vertical moistening mark post by the Schima superba of contiguous China fir, and minimum scale is 0.1m, and maximum scale 10m reads number of division judgement.
(3) Schima superba leaf degree of combustion is measured.The leaf amount that overdoes after leaf amount and test before record burning, by quantity than calculating.
(4) Mars quantitative measurement.Take national sampling survey, on sample ground, spread plastic foam, statistics is met the fusion hole quantity of Mars formation of foam.
1.3 result of the test
Record following data, as table 3,4
Table 3 Schima superba forest belt test for flame retardance table
Table 4 is through the Mars quantity in Schima superba forest belt
2 data analyses and forest belt width are controlled model
Forest fire appealing needs continuous combustible, and forest belt can intercept the continuity of combustibles, but Mars can form new fire, puts its propagation and not necessarily needs continuous combustible band, endangers larger; Determine forest belt width, will know the maximum distance that lanceolata forest when burning Mars penetrates through forest belt, therefore, may the ignite Mars quantity of fire of priority control.Definition Mars fall into the capable and i+1 of i capable between the probability P of Schima superba fire forest belt
i, test is found, the Mars of the forest fire of likely igniting, and Mars has very large difference in the quantity between each row Schima superba fire forest belt, but the P of Mars between adjacent two row forest belts
ivalue difference is different not remarkable, gets P
imathematical expectation as Mars Schima Superba Forest interband fall into probability p,
The probability that table 5 Schima superba forest belt moderate heat star falls into
If l
ifor distance between shelter strips.Within the specific limits, the ratio that Mars falls between forest belt is directly proportional to its width, has
P
i＝(l
i/l
0)p
0 (2)
Wherein, l
0and p
0for test determination data.
Determining of forest belt width, namely forest belt line-spacing one timing, the line number in forest belt, set up while thering is versatility forest belt width model, introduce parameter factors such as affecting the gradient of forest fire appealing and wind speed, because of orographic condition and weather conditions, adjust, draw general result.First introduce slope factor
θ is the test gradient, and wind is on wind-force corrigendum system (K in the just non-forest fire appealing model of king for the impact of Speed of forest fire spreading
w) calculate, wind-force during test more positive coefficient is K
0.
Table 6 wind speed factor pair is answered wind-force corrigendum COEFFICIENT K w value
| Wind scale | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| K wValue | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 4.2 | 6.5 | 9.0 | 13.0 |
Therefore, introduce after the gradient and wind speed index factor, Schima superba fire forest belt width is controlled model and is:
Constraint function
The practical significance of m refers to the ratio that Mars passes under the obstruct in n layer Schima superba forest belt, when model calculates, needs the size of definite threshold m.In conjunction with forest fuel, weather conditions, the common water content factor of combustible etc., determine.
3. forest belt width is controlled number table
Dry, fire size class is high, under the easiest initiation fire condition, m gets (possibility of breaking out of fire is one thousandth) at 0.001 o'clock, Mars is difficult to penetrate n+1 row upon row of trees band from n layer and forms new fiery point, therefore, determines m=0.001 during analog computation.When forest belt line-spacing is 3m, test determination data substitution model, obtain under different gradient and different wind scale conditions under, the value of forest belt line number, the n+1 that plants while building forest belt is capable.As table 7
In table 7 Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations, Schima superba fire forest belt afforestation width is controlled number table
In southern low hilly land district, while building Schima superba fire forest belt, utilize local forest environment factor, fire prevention phase wind-force, climatic factor, according to table 7, the width that obtains Schima superba fire forest belt in Chinese fir Stand is controlled parameter.
embodiment 1
(1) construction of ridge Schima superba fire forest belt
In forest fire prevention period, 3 grades of wind-force, the construction method of ridge Schima superba fire forest belt.The Schima superba that 1 distance between rows and hills is 2m is built in center along ridge line (25 ° of the gradients), requires 1 year raw breeding strong sprout (height of seedling >50cm, branches and leaves wheel number >3).In ridge line both sides, build 2 row respectively, the Schima superba that line-spacing is 3m, builds Schima superba 5 row of 2m*3m altogether, builds mode plum blossom-shaped again, the China fir of construction and adjacent Schima superba line-spacing 2m, and the seeding row spacing of lanceolata forest is 2m, also becomes plum blossom-shaped.
(2) construction of mountain baseline or level land Schima superba fire forest belt.
The Planting Techniques method of the fire forest belt on mountain baseline or level land.In forest fire prevention period, 3 grades of average wind-force, the Schima superba of 4 row 2m*3m is being built on mountain baseline or level land along lanceolata forest forest land one side, the line-spacing 2m of the China fir of construction and adjacent Schima superba, the seeding row spacing of lanceolata forest is 2m, also becomes plum blossom-shaped.
(3) formation of the closed circle of fire forest belt.
embodiment 2
(1) first on ridge, build Schima superba fire forest belt: along ridge line center construction 1 distance between rows and hills, be the Schima superba of 1.8 meters, build 3 row respectively in ridge line both sides again, line-spacing is the Schima superba of 2.5 meters; 7 row Schima superbas altogether;
(2) then on mountain baseline or level land, build Schima superba fire forest belt: 3 row Schima superbas are being built along lanceolata forest forest land one side in mountain baseline or level land, until the Schima superba made from step (1) is connected;
(3) formation of the closed circle of fire forest belt: after step (1) and (2) have been built, domatic its periphery of this piece mountain area Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations is just surrounded by Schima Superba Forest, the closure circle of formation fire forest belt.
Line-spacing between China fir and adjacent Schima superba is 2 meters, and the plant/line spacing of lanceolata forest is 2 meters, is plum blossom-shaped and distributes.
embodiment 3
(1) in forest fire prevention period, wind-force is less than 1 grade, and the domatic gradient is less than 35 degree.First on ridge, build Schima superba fire forest belt: along ridge line center, build the Schima superba that 1 distance between rows and hills is 2.2m, in ridge line both sides, build again 1 row respectively, the Schima superba that line-spacing is 3.0m; Schima superba amounts to 3 row;
(2) then on mountain baseline or level land, build Schima superba fire forest belt: 3 row Schima superbas are being built along lanceolata forest forest land one side in mountain baseline or level land, until the Schima superba made from step (1) is connected;
(3) formation of the closed circle of fire forest belt: after step (1) and (2) have been built, domatic its periphery of this piece mountain area Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations is just surrounded by Schima Superba Forest, the closure circle of formation fire forest belt.
embodiment 4
(1) wind-force is 5 grades, the domatic gradient 15 degree.First on ridge, build Schima superba fire forest belt: along ridge line center, build the Schima superba that 1 distance between rows and hills is 2.1m, in ridge line both sides, build again 2 row respectively, the Schima superba that line-spacing is 3.0m;
(2) then on mountain baseline or level land, build Schima superba fire forest belt: 5 row Schima superbas are being built along lanceolata forest forest land one side in mountain baseline or level land, until the Schima superba made from step (1) is connected;
(3) formation of the closed circle of fire forest belt: after step (1) and (2) have been built, domatic its periphery of this piece mountain area Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations is just surrounded by Schima Superba Forest, the closure circle of formation fire forest belt.
embodiment 5
(1) wind-force is 5 grades, and the domatic gradient is greater than 35 degree.First on ridge, build Schima superba fire forest belt: along ridge line center, build the Schima superba that 1 distance between rows and hills is 2m, in ridge line both sides, build again 3 row respectively, the Schima superba that line-spacing is 2.9m;
(2) then on mountain baseline or level land, build Schima superba fire forest belt: 5 row Schima superbas are being built along lanceolata forest forest land one side in mountain baseline or level land, until the Schima superba made from step (1) is connected;
(3) formation of the closed circle of fire forest belt: after step (1) and (2) have been built, domatic its periphery of this piece mountain area Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations is just surrounded by Schima Superba Forest, the closure circle of formation fire forest belt.
Above-described embodiment is preferably embodiment of the present invention; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; other any do not deviate from change, the modification done under Spirit Essence of the present invention and principle, substitutes, combination, simplify; all should be equivalent substitute mode, within being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the construction method of Schima superba fire forest belt in the domatic Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations in mountain area, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) first on ridge, build Schima superba fire forest belt: along ridge line center, build the Schima superba that 1 distance between rows and hills is 1.8～2.2m, in ridge line both sides, build again 1～3 row respectively, the Schima superba that line-spacing is 2.5～3.0m;
(2) then on mountain baseline or level land, build Schima superba fire forest belt: mountain baseline or level land are at one side construction 3～5 row Schima superbas along lanceolata forest forest land, until the Schima superba made from step (1) is connected;
(3) formation of the closed circle of fire forest belt: after step (1) and (2) have been built, domatic its periphery of this piece mountain area Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations is just surrounded by Schima Superba Forest, the closure circle of formation fire forest belt.
2. the construction method of Schima superba fire forest belt in the domatic Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations in mountain area according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step (1) spacing in the rows is 2 meters.
3. the construction method of Schima superba fire forest belt in the domatic Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations in mountain area according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step (1) line-spacing is 3 meters.
4. the construction method of Schima superba fire forest belt in the domatic Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations in mountain area according to claim 3, is characterized in that, step (1) is respectively built respectively 2 row again in ridge line both sides, and line-spacing is the Schima superba of 3 meters, and step (1) Schima superba amounts to 5 row.
5. the construction method of Schima superba fire forest belt in the domatic Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations in mountain area according to claim 1, is characterized in that, 4 row Schima superbas are being built along lanceolata forest forest land one side in mountain baseline or level land.
6. according to the construction method of Schima superba fire forest belt in the domatic Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations in mountain area described in claim 1 to 5 any one claim, it is characterized in that, the line-spacing between China fir and adjacent Schima superba is 2 meters, and the plant/line spacing of lanceolata forest is 2 meters, is plum blossom-shaped and distributes.
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