CN103979937B - Iron tailing far-infrared ceramic material containing rare earth and method for preparing iron tailing far-infrared ceramic material - Google Patents

Iron tailing far-infrared ceramic material containing rare earth and method for preparing iron tailing far-infrared ceramic material Download PDF

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CN103979937B
CN103979937B CN201410211126.3A CN201410211126A CN103979937B CN 103979937 B CN103979937 B CN 103979937B CN 201410211126 A CN201410211126 A CN 201410211126A CN 103979937 B CN103979937 B CN 103979937B
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rare earth
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ceramic material
iron tailings
infrared ceramic
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CN103979937A (en
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梁金生
孟军平
刘洁
张洪臣
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Nanjing Zhonglan Intelligent Technology Co ltd
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Hebei University of Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses an iron tailing far-infrared ceramic material containing rare earth and a method for preparing the iron tailing far-infrared ceramic material. The ceramic material is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 35-75% of iron tailing, 1-7% of clay, 6%-25% of silicon dioxide, 6%-25% of calcium carbonate, 2-7% of aluminum oxide and 1-9% of rare earth; the iron tailing comprises main ingredients in percentage by weight: 30-35% of SiO2, 20-25% of Fe2O3, 10-15% of Al2O3, 10-15% of TiO2, as well as small amounts of CaO, Na2O and MgO; rare earth is any one of lanthanum nitrate, europium nitrate, cerium nitrate or neodymium nitrate. The preparation method mainly comprises the steps of carrying out ball milling, sieving, blending, mixing, drying, mixing, carrying out dry pressing and molding and sintering to obtain the iron tailing far-infrared ceramic material containing rare earth, wherein iron tailing, clay, silicon dioxide, calcium carbonate and aluminum oxide are taken as main raw materials and rare earth is taken as an additive.

Description

Containing the iron tailings far-infrared ceramic material and preparation method thereof of rare earth
Technical field
The invention belongs to preparation technology of ceramic materials, be specifically related to a kind of iron tailings far-infrared ceramic material containing rare earth and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The energy of China 90% and the starting material of 80% are from Mineral resources.A large amount of barren rocks is abandoned and mine tailing causes environmental pollution in exploitation of mineral resources process.According to statistics, because of the restriction by technique of preparing level, production unit, the mine tailing of China's Mining Market has reached more than 10,000,000,000 tons, and in the trend increased year by year.Mine tailing not only takies a large amount of soil, and brings severe contamination and harm to human being's production, life, has now been subject to the extensive concern of the whole society.Meanwhile, along with a large amount of developments and utilizations of Mineral resources, ore is day by day poor, and mine tailing has also been subject to the attention of countries in the world as secondary resource recycling.Current China Mine Tailings Utilization is very low, and mill tailings accounts for 30% of industrial solid wastes, but its utilization ratio is only 7%.Most of bargh often only payes attention to the recovery of valuable metal, if only consider, the recovery of valuable metal fundamentally can not solve the problem of mine tailing.Because mine tailing is through the solid waste after ore dressing, its non-metallic minerals reaches more than 90%.Therefore, the whole utilization of mine tailing is the fundamental way of Tailings utilization.
Iron tailings is a kind of composite minerals raw material, except containing except a small amount of metal, also containing quartz, pyroxene, feldspar, hornblende etc.Its chemical composition is mainly containing SiO 2, Al 2o 3, Fe 2o 3, CaO, MgO etc., also containing a small amount of K 2o, Na 2the elements such as O and S, P.And there is emitting far-infrared effect with quartz, feldspar, hard kaoline for the pottery that main raw material is fired into.
Rare earth element has exclusive characteristic.Because 4f orbital electron easily excites, thus make the coordination of rare earth element produce mutability, the electronics of its 4f track can play the effect of " residue valence ".Rare earth element being added in ceramic batch, on the one hand by forming sosoloid, making ceramic lattice produce distortion; On the other hand, rare earth element can stored electrons and oxygen, changes the valent state of other element.CN103664149A file discloses a kind of far-infrared ceramic material and manufacture method thereof, by adding rare earth element, strengthening the vibration of siloxane bond, and then improving far emissive power; CN102418021A file discloses broadband infrared ceramic material with antisenility function and preparation method thereof under normal temperature, the praseodymium neodymium oxide be composited is added in ceramic formula, make free carrier intraband transition or the direct transition of electronics from impurity level to conduction band of the crystalline structure inside of the infra-red china radiative material after sintering, and produce the normal temperature infrared photon radiation of 2 ~ 6 mu m wavebands.
In sum, iron tailings not only can be used as the main component of pottery, and the compositions such as quartz wherein, pyroxene, feldspar, hornblende have emitting far-infrared effect especially; And rare earth element is because of the electron structure of its uniqueness, be used as the additive of far-infrared ceramic, the far infrared transmissivity of pottery can be improved.As can be seen from above patented invention, although be the infrared emittance that additive adds pottery with rare earth, its high radiated infrared wave band is narrower, and all concentrates on lower wave number scope.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem that the present invention mainly solves is, provides a kind of iron tailings far-infrared ceramic material containing rare earth and preparation method thereof.This stupalith replaces traditional ceramics material composition with discarded iron tailings, overcomes to consume the problem that expensive mineral wealth are infrared raw material, adopts rare earth to be additive simultaneously, enhances the far infrared transmissivity of pottery.The method technique is simple, with low cost, is convenient to industrializing implementation.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves described material technology problem is: design a kind of iron tailings far-infrared ceramic material containing rare earth, it is characterized in that the weight percent of this stupalith raw material consists of: iron tailings 35 ~ 75%, clay 1 ~ 7%, silicon-dioxide 6 ~ 25%, calcium carbonate 6 ~ 25%, aluminum oxide 2 ~ 7% and rare earth 1 ~ 9%, each component sum is 100%; Described iron tailings main component weight consists of: SiO 230 ~ 35%, Fe 2o 320 ~ 25%, Al 2o 310 ~ 15%, TiO 210 ~ 15%, also have a small amount of CaO, Na 2o and MgO, each component sum is 100%; Described rare earth is any one in rare earth lanthanum nitrate, europium nitrate, cerous nitrate or neodymium nitrate.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves described method and technology problem is: the preparation method designing a kind of iron tailings far-infrared ceramic material containing rare earth, and this preparation method adopts the weight percent composition of stupalith raw material of the present invention and following processing step:
A, iron tailings is put into ball mill ball milling 30 ~ 120min, after ball milling, cross 350 mesh sieves, obtain iron tailings powder;
B, get the iron tailings powder obtained in the steps A of weight 35 ~ 75%, add again weight be 1 ~ 7% clay, 6 ~ 25% silicon-dioxide, the calcium carbonate of 6 ~ 25%, the aluminum oxide of 2 ~ 7% and 1 ~ 9% rare earth, and the water of above-mentioned raw materials weight 15 ~ 30%, mixing is Keep agitation 30 ~ 90min also;
C, by the mixture in step B under 100 ~ 120 DEG C of conditions, dry 1 ~ 2h;
D, by step C dry after batch mixing after mixing and ball milling 60 ~ 90min, sieve;
E, be 25 ~ 30MPa by the batch mixing in step D in forming pressure, under pressurize 1 ~ 2min condition, compression moulding, obtained ceramic body, then base substrate is put into sintering oven sinter, be i.e. the obtained iron tailings far-infrared ceramic material containing rare earth.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is based on the effect giving full play to effective constituent in iron tailings, improve the far infrared transmission ability of pottery simultaneously, the present invention designs and discarded iron tailings is replaced traditional ceramics material composition, be additive with rare earth, make a kind of iron tailings far-infrared ceramic containing rare earth.Stupalith of the present invention utilizes effective oxide components in discarded iron tailings, take rare earth as additive, utilize the gain and loss on rare earth element 4f layer electronics, play the effect of transmission, stored electrons and oxygen, after sinter molding, the far infrared rays of radiation-curable high emissivity, through FTIR test, is up to 0.92 (see embodiment 5) in the infrared emittance at 5 ~ 20 μm of places.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the displaing micro photo figure of the iron tailings far-infrared ceramic material containing rare earth that the embodiment of the present invention 4 obtains.
Fig. 2 is the infrared emission figure of the iron tailings far-infrared ceramic material containing rare earth that the embodiment of the present invention 5 obtains.
Embodiment
The present invention is described further below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing.
A kind of iron tailings far-infrared ceramic material containing rare earth of the present invention's design (is called for short stupalith, see Fig. 1-2), main with iron tailings, clay, silicon-dioxide, calcium carbonate and aluminum oxide for main raw material, and be additive with rare earth, main through ball milling, sieve, prepare burden, stir, dry, mixing, after dry-pressing formed and sintering process, the iron tailings far-infrared ceramic material containing rare earth can be obtained.
Specifically, a kind of iron tailings far-infrared ceramic material containing rare earth of the present invention's design, it is characterized in that the weight percent of this stupalith raw material consists of: iron tailings 35 ~ 75%, clay 1 ~ 7%, silicon-dioxide 6 ~ 25%, calcium carbonate 6 ~ 25%, aluminum oxide 2 ~ 7% and rare earth 1 ~ 9%, each component sum is 100%; Described iron tailings main component weight consists of: SiO 230 ~ 35%, Fe 2o 320 ~ 25%, Al 2o 310 ~ 15%, TiO 210 ~ 15%, also have a small amount of CaO, Na 2o and MgO, each component sum is 100%; Described rare earth is any one in rare earth lanthanum nitrate, europium nitrate, cerous nitrate or neodymium nitrate.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves described method and technology problem is: the preparation method designing a kind of iron tailings far-infrared ceramic material containing rare earth, and this preparation method adopts the weight percent composition of stupalith raw material of the present invention and following processing step:
A, iron tailings is put into ball mill ball milling 30 ~ 120min, after ball milling, cross 350 mesh sieves, obtain iron tailings powder;
B, get the iron tailings powder obtained in the steps A of weight 35 ~ 75%, add again weight be 1 ~ 7% clay, 6 ~ 25% silicon-dioxide, the calcium carbonate of 6 ~ 25%, the aluminum oxide of 2 ~ 7% and 1 ~ 9% rare earth, and the water of above-mentioned raw materials weight 15 ~ 30%, mixing is Keep agitation 30 ~ 90min also;
C, by the mixture in step B under 100 ~ 120 DEG C of conditions, dry 1 ~ 2h;
D, by step C dry after batch mixing after mixing and ball milling 60 ~ 90min, sieve;
E, be 25 ~ 30MPa by the batch mixing in step D in forming pressure, under pressurize 1 ~ 2min condition, compression moulding, obtained ceramic body, puts into sintering oven by base substrate and sinters, the final obtained iron tailings far-infrared ceramic material containing rare earth.
Preparation method of the present invention is characterized as further: described sintering process is: the first stage: room temperature ~ 950 DEG C, and temperature rise rate is 2 ~ 5 DEG C/min; Subordinate phase is: 950 DEG C, insulation 30min; Phase III is: 950 DEG C ~ sintering temperature, and temperature rise rate is 2 ~ 10 DEG C/min; Fourth stage is: sintering temperature, insulation 30 ~ 120min; Five-stage is: cool to room temperature with the furnace.
The feature of above-mentioned preparation method is also, the sintering temperature of described sintering process is 1100 ~ 1200 DEG C, to become porcelain completely.
The feature of above-mentioned preparation method is: cross 120 mesh sieves in described step D.
The feature of above-mentioned preparation method is: the pressure of compression moulding in described step e is 25 ~ 30MPa, and pressurize 1 ~ 2min.
Far-infrared ceramic of the present invention substitutes traditional far-infrared ceramic raw mineral materials with iron tailings, reduce the dependence of producing high-quality mineral wealth, improve the utilising efficiency of resource, decrease the discharge of solid waste, greatly reduce the production cost of ceramic, be suitable for industrial applications; Contain more transition element iron in iron tailings simultaneously, sosoloid can be formed with alkaline-earth metal, accelerated particle mass transfer process, promote the densification degree of ceramic post sintering, reduce the sintering temperature of pottery, be of value to energy-conserving and environment-protective.
The present invention does not address part and is applicable to prior art.
Below provide the specific embodiment of the invention, further describe this explanation.Specific embodiment does not form the restriction to the application's claims.
Embodiment 1
Design a kind of iron tailings far-infrared ceramic material containing rare earth, its weight percent composition and preparation method as follows:
A, iron tailings is put into ball mill ball milling 30min, after ball milling, cross 350 mesh sieves, obtain iron tailings powder;
The iron tailings powder that B, the steps A of getting weight 35% obtain, then add weight 7% clay, 25% silicon-dioxide, the calcium carbonate of 25%, the aluminum oxide of 7% and 1% lanthanum nitrate, and the water of above-mentioned raw materials weight 15%, mixing Keep agitation 30min;
C, by the mixture in step B under 100 DEG C of conditions, dry 1h;
D, by step C dry after batch mixing after ball milling mixing 60min, mistake 120 mesh sieves;
E, be 30MPa by the batch mixing in step D in forming pressure, under the condition of pressurize 1.5min, compression moulding, obtained ceramic body, then puts into sintering oven by base substrate and sinters, the final obtained iron tailings far-infrared ceramic material containing rare earth.
The sintering process of the present embodiment preparation method is: the first stage: room temperature ~ 950 DEG C, and temperature rise rate is 5 DEG C/min; Subordinate phase is: 950 DEG C, insulation 30min; Phase III is: 950 ~ 1200 DEG C, and temperature rise rate is 10 DEG C/min; Fourth stage is: 1200 DEG C, insulation 30min; Five-stage is: cool to room temperature with the furnace.
After testing, the iron tailings far-infrared ceramic material containing rare earth that the present embodiment preparation method obtains is 0.85 at the infrared emittance at 5 ~ 20 μm of places.
Embodiment 2
Design a kind of iron tailings far-infrared ceramic material containing rare earth, its weight percent composition and preparation method as follows:
A, iron tailings is put into ball mill ball milling 60min, after ball milling, cross 350 mesh sieves, obtain iron tailings powder;
The iron tailings powder that B, the steps A of getting weight 45% obtain, then add weight 6% clay, 20% silicon-dioxide, the calcium carbonate of 20%, the aluminum oxide of 6% and 3% europium nitrate, the water of additional above-mentioned raw materials weight 20%, mixing and Keep agitation 40min;
C, by the mixture in step B under 105 DEG C of conditions, dry 1h;
D, by step C dry after batch mixing, after ball milling mixing 70min, mistake 120 mesh sieves;
E, be 30MPa by the batch mixing in step D in forming pressure, under pressurize 1min condition, compression moulding, obtained ceramic body, and then base substrate is put into sintering oven sinter, the final obtained iron tailings far-infrared ceramic material containing rare earth.
The sintering process of the present embodiment preparation method is: the first stage: room temperature ~ 950 DEG C, and temperature rise rate is 4 DEG C/min; Subordinate phase is: 950 DEG C, insulation 30min; Subordinate phase is: 950 ~ 1180 DEG C, and temperature rise rate is 8 DEG C/min; Phase III is: 1180 DEG C, insulation 60min; Fourth stage is: cool to room temperature with the furnace.
After testing, what the present embodiment preparation method obtained contains Rare-earth Iron mine tailing far-infrared ceramic material, is 0.87 at the infrared emittances of 5 ~ 20 μm.
Embodiment 3
Design a kind of iron tailings far-infrared ceramic material containing rare earth, its weight percent composition and preparation method as follows:
A, the iron tailings in raw material is put into ball mill ball milling 90min, after ball milling, cross 350 mesh sieves, obtain iron tailings powder;
The iron tailings powder that B, the steps A of getting weight 55% obtain, then add weight 5% clay, 15% silicon-dioxide, the calcium carbonate of 15%, the aluminum oxide of 5% and 5% neodymium nitrate, and the water of above-mentioned raw materials weight 25%, mixing Keep agitation 60min;
C, the mixture obtained in step B is dried 1h under 110 DEG C of conditions;
D, by step C dry after batch mixing after ball milling mixing 80min, mistake 120 mesh sieves;
E, be 28MPa by the batch mixing in step D in forming pressure, under pressurize 1min condition, compression moulding, obtained ceramic body, and then base substrate is put into sintering oven sinter, the final obtained iron tailings far-infrared ceramic material containing rare earth.
The sintering process of the present embodiment preparation method is: the first stage: room temperature ~ 950 DEG C, and temperature rise rate is 3 DEG C/min; Phase III is: 950 DEG C, insulation 30min; Phase III is: 950 ~ 1160 DEG C, and temperature rise rate is 6 DEG C/min; Fourth stage is: 1160 DEG C, insulation 90min; Five-stage is: cool to room temperature with the furnace.
After testing, what the present embodiment was obtained contains Rare-earth Iron mine tailing far-infrared ceramic material, is 0.89 at the infrared emittances at 5 ~ 20 μm of places.
Embodiment 4
Design a kind of iron tailings far-infrared ceramic material containing rare earth, its weight percent composition and preparation method as follows:
A, the iron tailings in raw material is put into ball mill ball milling 90min, after ball milling, cross 350 mesh sieves, obtain iron tailings powder;
B, get the iron tailings powder obtained in the steps A of weight 55%, add again the clay of weight 4%, 15% silicon-dioxide, the calcium carbonate of 15%, the aluminum oxide of 4% and 7% cerous nitrate, the water of additional above-mentioned raw materials weight 25%, mixing is Keep agitation 60min also;
C, by the mixture that obtains in step B under 110 DEG C of conditions, dry 1h;
D, by step C dry after batch mixing, after ball milling mixing 80min, mistake 120 mesh sieves;
E, be 28MPa by the batch mixing in step D in forming pressure, under pressurize 1.5min condition, compression moulding is ceramic body, then base substrate is put into sintering oven sinters, the final obtained iron tailings far-infrared ceramic material containing rare earth.
The sintering process of the present embodiment preparation method is: the first stage: room temperature ~ 950 DEG C, and temperature rise rate is 2 DEG C/min; Subordinate phase is: 950 DEG C, insulation 30min; Phase III is: 950 ~ 1150 DEG C, and temperature rise rate is 2 DEG C/min; Fourth stage is: 1150 DEG C, insulation 120min; Five-stage is: cool to room temperature with the furnace.
After testing, the iron tailings far-infrared ceramic material that the present embodiment is obtained is 0.90 at the infrared emittance at 5 ~ 20 μm of places.
Embodiment 5
Design a kind of iron tailings far-infrared ceramic material containing rare earth, its weight percent composition and preparation method as follows:
A, the iron tailings in raw material is put into ball mill ball milling 100min, after ball milling, cross 350 mesh sieves, obtain iron tailings powder;
B, get the iron tailings powder obtained in the steps A of weight 75%, then add weight 2% clay, 7% silicon-dioxide, the calcium carbonate of 7%, the aluminum oxide of 2% and 7% cerous nitrate, the water of additional above-mentioned raw materials weight 30%, mixing Keep agitation 90min;
C, by the mixture in step B under 120 DEG C of conditions, dry 2h;
D, by step C dry after batch mixing, after ball milling mixing 90min, mistake 120 mesh sieves;
E, be 25MPa by the batch mixing in step D in forming pressure, under pressurize 2min condition, compression moulding, obtained ceramic body, puts into sintering oven by base substrate and sinters, the final obtained iron tailings far-infrared ceramic material containing rare earth.
The sintering process of the present embodiment preparation method is: the first stage: room temperature ~ 950 DEG C, and temperature rise rate is 3 DEG C/min; Subordinate phase is: 950 DEG C, insulation 30min; Phase III is: 950 ~ 1130 DEG C, and temperature rise rate is 4 DEG C/min; Fourth stage is: 1130 DEG C, insulation 120min; Five-stage is: cool to room temperature with the furnace.
What the present embodiment was obtained contains Rare-earth Iron mine tailing far-infrared ceramic material, is 0.92 at the infrared emittances at 5 ~ 20 μm of places.
Embodiment 6
Design a kind of iron tailings far-infrared ceramic material containing rare earth, its weight percent composition and preparation method as follows:
A, the iron tailings in raw material is put into ball mill ball milling 120min, after ball milling, cross 350 mesh sieves, obtain iron tailings powder;
B, get the iron tailings powder obtained in the steps A of weight 75%, then add weight 1% clay, 6% silicon-dioxide, the calcium carbonate of 6%, the aluminum oxide of 3% and 9% cerous nitrate, and the water of above-mentioned raw materials weight 30%, mixing Keep agitation 90min;
C, by the mixture in step B under 120 DEG C of conditions, dry 2h;
D, by step C dry after batch mixing after ball milling mixing 90min, mistake 120 mesh sieves;
E, be 25MPa by the batch mixing in step D in forming pressure, under pressurize 2min condition, compression moulding, obtained ceramic body, then puts into sintering oven by base substrate and sinters, the final obtained iron tailings far-infrared ceramic material containing rare earth.
The sintering process of the present embodiment preparation method is: the first stage: room temperature ~ 950 DEG C, and temperature rise rate is 3 DEG C/min; Subordinate phase is: 950 DEG C, insulation 30min; Phase III is: 950 ~ 1100 DEG C, and temperature rise rate is 5 DEG C/min; Fourth stage is: 1100 DEG C, insulation 120min; Five-stage is: cool to room temperature with the furnace.
After testing, what the present embodiment preparation method obtained contains Rare-earth Iron mine tailing far-infrared ceramic material, is 0.91 at the infrared emittances at 5 ~ 20 μm of places.

Claims (5)

1. the iron tailings far-infrared ceramic material containing rare earth, it is characterized in that the raw material weight per-cent of this stupalith consists of: iron tailings 35 ~ 75%, clay 1 ~ 7%, silicon-dioxide 6 ~ 25%, calcium carbonate 6 ~ 25%, aluminum oxide 2 ~ 7% and rare earth material 1 ~ 9%, each component sum is 100%; Described iron tailings main component weight consists of: SiO 230 ~ 35%, Fe 2o 320 ~ 25%, Al 2o 310 ~ 15%, TiO 210 ~ 15%, also have a small amount of CaO, Na 2o and MgO, each component sum is 100%; Described rare earth material is any one in lanthanum nitrate, europium nitrate, cerous nitrate or neodymium nitrate.
2., containing a preparation method for the iron tailings far-infrared ceramic material of rare earth, this preparation method adopts the weight percent of stupalith raw material described in claim 1 to form and following processing step:
A, iron tailings is put into ball mill ball milling 30 ~ 120min, after ball milling, cross 350 mesh sieves;
B, get the iron tailings powder obtained in weight 35 ~ 75% steps A, add again the clay of weight 1 ~ 7%, 6 ~ 25% silicon-dioxide, the calcium carbonate of 6 ~ 25%, the aluminum oxide of 2 ~ 7% and 1 ~ 9% rare earth material, and the water of above-mentioned raw materials weight 15 ~ 30%, mixing is Keep agitation 30 ~ 90min also;
C, by the mixture in step B under 100 ~ 120 DEG C of conditions, dry 1 ~ 2h;
D, by the batch mixing of drying in step C after mixing and ball milling 60 ~ 90min, sieve;
E, by the batch mixing compression moulding in step D, obtained ceramic body, then base substrate is put into sintering oven sinter, be i.e. the obtained iron tailings far-infrared ceramic material containing rare earth.
3. according to claim 2 containing the preparation method of the iron tailings far-infrared ceramic material of rare earth, it is characterized in that: in described step D, cross 120 mesh sieves.
4., according to claim 2 containing the preparation method of the iron tailings far-infrared ceramic material of rare earth, it is characterized in that: the pressure of compression moulding in step e is 25 ~ 30MPa, and pressurize 1 ~ 2min.
5., according to claim 2 containing the preparation method of the iron tailings far-infrared ceramic material of rare earth, it is characterized in that its sintering process is: the first stage: room temperature ~ 950 DEG C, temperature rise rate is 2 ~ 5 DEG C/min; Subordinate phase is: 950 DEG C of insulation 30min; Phase III is: 950 DEG C ~ sintering temperature, and temperature rise rate is 2 ~ 10 DEG C/min; Fourth stage is: sintering temperature 1100 ~ 1200 DEG C, insulation 30 ~ 120min; Five-stage is: cool to room temperature with the furnace.
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