CN103975677B - Applying method joined by pig manure under Upland Red Soil peanut cassava radish Optimization Planting Models and chemical fertilizer - Google Patents
Applying method joined by pig manure under Upland Red Soil peanut cassava radish Optimization Planting Models and chemical fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
Applying method joined by pig manure under Upland Red Soil peanut cassava radish Optimization Planting Models and chemical fertilizer, all applied as base manure in peanut and cassava ditch by the pig manure become thoroughly decomposed, in ditch with after native Homogeneous phase mixing, cover one deck soil again before peanut seeding and cassava cuttage; In the previous day of peanut seeding and cassava cuttage, chemical fertilizer is evenly applied in peanut and cassava row ditch after base manure and soil mixs, then with native covering; After harvesting peanut, urea, potash fertilizer are applied in cassava row as topdressing; After harvesting peanut, in peanut is capable, sow radish, disposablely apply urea, fused calcium magnesium phosphate and potassium chloride, as base manure, cover with soil, complete fertilizer and join and execute.The present invention is by selecting suitable organic fertilizer resource, determine organic and inorganic fertilizer rational proportion and nitrogen, phosphorus, the proportioning of potash fertilizer and consumption, maintain and improve dryland soil fertility, effectively improve the yield and quality of peanut, cassava and radish, substantially increase the economy and environment benefit that Upland Red Soil is produced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to crop intercropping technical field of fertilizer application, be specifically related to peanut cassava radish intercropping measure, the fermentation of banking up of fertilizer, pig manure and inorganic fertilizer field distributing technology.
Background technology
With, mix, Main way that how ripe three-dimensional the composite plant of interplanting as representative be world today's agricultural development.Improve red soil cropping index, many receipts both parties in a lawsuit economic crops, for the limited Upland Red Soil resource of efficiency utilization, increase crop yield and benefit, tool is of great significance.
In northeast Jingxi area, the Upland Red Soil of 60-80% makes peanut based on pure, and peanut nonoculture soil resource availability only has about 40%.Drought-enduring, resistance to lean, the acid resistance soil of cassava, and photosynthetic efficiency is high, the food energy of unit are exceedes paddy rice, wheat, Chinese sorghum and corn, existing more than the 100 year history of China plantation cassava.According to statistics, 1,300 ten thousand tons have been reached to China's fresh cassava output in 2007.In South Red Soil Region, especially the peanut cassava intercropping of northeast Jingxi area has fairly large production application (see a kind of Red Soils In A Hill Region Peanut in Dry land of patent of invention and cassava intercropping method, Authorization Notice No. CN102224788B).
But on the one hand, the fertile amount of cassava consumption is large, traditional chemical fertilizer application can not meet the nutrient demand of Intercropping System especially cassava very well, and plantation must aggravate the degeneration of Arid Red Soil fertility continuously; Pig-breeding industry development in southern area is swift and violent on the other hand, and only Jiangxi Province produces the dirt of cultivation excrement every year just more than 1.2 hundred million tons, and bulky stool dirt is unprocessed directly enters farmland and water body, not only causes the pollution of environment, wastes the Organic Fertilizer Resources of high-quality simultaneously.
For a long time, pig manure is used seldom at Upland Red Soil, and application technique is unreasonable.On peanut cassava radish intercropping mode, executed, really realize the high-yield and high-efficiency of intercropping mode, increase soil fertility by the Reasonable of become thoroughly decomposed pig manure and chemical fertilizer, reduce environmental pollution, system that so far there are no is reported.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem solved: the invention provides an Optimum method of cultivating peanut under cassava radish intercropping mode, the method determines pig manure and the reasonable proportion of apply of chemical fertilizer of three kinds of crops and whole pattern and chases after base manure ratio, solves pig manure resource and upland soil degradation problem.Adopt this fertilizing method, three kinds of crop alimentary equilibriums can be kept, improve Yield and qualities, keep and improve dryland soil fertility.
Technical scheme: applying method joined by the pig manure under Upland Red Soil peanut cassava radish Optimization Planting Models and chemical fertilizer, step is: 1. within 15-25 days before peanut seeding and cassava cuttage, all applied as base manure in peanut and cassava ditch by the pig manure become thoroughly decomposed, in ditch with after native Homogeneous phase mixing, cover one deck soil again; The capable pig manure amount of application of peanut accounts for the 34%wt of peanut total nitrogen amount of application in nitrogen, all fertilizer is used as base manure and once applies; Cassava row pig manure amount of application accounts for the 40%wt of cassava total nitrogen amount of application in nitrogen, all as base manure; 2. in the previous day of peanut seeding and cassava cuttage, chemical fertilizer is evenly applied in peanut and cassava row ditch after base manure and soil mixs, then with native covering; The capable applying quantity of chemical fertilizer of peanut accounts for the 66%wt of peanut total nitrogen amount of application in nitrogen, unit are amount of urea is 173.3kg/hm
2, fused calcium magnesium phosphate consumption and potassium chloride dosage are supplied according to pig manure nutrient content used; Cassava row applying quantity of chemical fertilizer accounts for the 60%wt of cassava total nitrogen amount of application in nitrogen, unit are amount of urea is 270kg/hm
2, fused calcium magnesium phosphate consumption and potassium chloride dosage are supplied according to pig manure nutrient content used; That supplies is meant to: by the capable fertilising citing of peanut, in its pig manure used, the content of nitrogen accounts for and always needs to apply 34% of nitrogen content, the amount of application of pig manure can be calculated according to hereafter pig manure nitrogen content data, can obtain according to this amount of application the amount that in executed pig manure, phosphorus is plain, potassium is plain, subtract each other the amount of application of the chemical fertilizer-phosphate fertilizer potash fertilizer namely obtaining needing to supply by the phosphorus element always needing to apply, the plain amount of potassium.3. after harvesting peanut, by urea 15kg/hm
2, potash fertilizer 150kg/hm
2apply in cassava row as topdressing; 4. after harvesting peanut, in peanut is capable, sow radish, disposablely apply urea 150kg/hm
2, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 750kg/hm
2, potassium chloride 75kg/hm
2as base manure, cover with soil, complete fertilizer and join and execute.
Described peanut varieties is that No. 1, Guangdong oil No. 7 or Zhonghua No. 4 are spent in Jiangxi; Cassava Cultivars is south China 205, No. 5, south China or No. 8, south China; Radish varieties is the white jade spring.
Described soil is Quaternary Red Clay, and 0 ~ 20cm soil layer nutrient is: content of organic matter 8.53-12.15%wt, full nitrogen 0.62-0.83g/kg, available phosphorus 9.87-15.46mg/kg, available potassium 135.5-169.7mg/kg, pH4.37-5.25.
Described pig manure nutrient content: the dry clear pig manure of stack retting after 30 days, water content 75%wt, butt N, P, K content is respectively 2.5%wt, 1.0%wt, 1.0%wt.
It is 262.5kg/hm that described peanut total fertilization amount is converted to chemical fertilizer unit are amount of urea
2, fused calcium magnesium phosphate consumption is 750.0kg/hm
2, potassium chloride dosage is 225.0kg/hm
2; It is 450.0kg/hm that cassava total fertilization amount is converted to chemical fertilizer unit are amount of urea
2, fused calcium magnesium phosphate consumption is 840.0kg/hm
2, potassium chloride dosage is 510.0kg/hm
2.
Beneficial effect: the present invention is by selecting suitable organic fertilizer resource, determine organic and inorganic fertilizer rational proportion and nitrogen, phosphorus, the proportioning of potash fertilizer and consumption, thus meet peanut in peanut cassava radish intercropping mode well, the nutritional need in cassava and radish each period, the Appropriate application organic fertilizer resources such as pig manure, drastically reduce the area N, P, the amount of application of the chemical fertilizer such as K, maintain and improve dryland soil fertility, effectively improve peanut, the yield and quality of cassava and radish, decrease energy resource consumption, reduce risk of environmental pollution, substantially increase the economy and environment benefit that Upland Red Soil is produced.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the effect diagram executed peanut yield joined by pig manure and chemical fertilizer;
Fig. 2 is that the effect diagram executed cassava production joined by pig manure and chemical fertilizer;
Fig. 3 is that the effect diagram executed radish yield joined by pig manure and chemical fertilizer;
Fig. 4 is the effect diagram of organic-inorganic proportion of apply to the capable soil nutrient of peanut;
Fig. 5 is the effect diagram of organic-inorganic proportion of apply to cassava row soil nutrient;
Fig. 6 is the effect diagram of organic-inorganic proportion of apply to radish row soil nutrient;
Fig. 7 is that under Red Sandstone Arid Red Soil peanut cassava radish planting system, pig manure is joined and executed effect of increasing production comparison diagram;
Under Fig. 8 Red Sandstone Arid Red Soil, peanut cassava radish planting system pig manure joins the dynamic change figure executing soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content;
Fig. 9 is that under Red Sandstone Arid Red Soil, peanut cassava radish planting system pig manure joins the dynamic change figure executing soil available phosphorus content;
Figure 10 is that under Red Sandstone Arid Red Soil, peanut cassava radish planting system pig manure joins the dynamic change figure executing Soil Available potassium content;
Figure 11 pig manure distributing technology compares comparison diagram with the crop yield of common fertilizer application technique.
Embodiment
Below by example, the present invention is specifically described.What be necessary to herein means out is; following instance is only used to further illustrate the present invention; can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention, the person skilled in the art in this field can make some nonessential improvement and adjustment according to foregoing invention content to the present invention.
Embodiment 1
1, test region condition is arranged with test
1) place, test region: be positioned to field trial Honghu, Honghu township, In Yujiang County, jiangxi Province villager's group.East longitude 116 ° 55 ' 30 ", north latitude 28 ° 15 ' 20 ", belong to the moistening monsoon climate in subtropics, make a clear distinction between the four seasons.This district's physical features is comparatively smooth, and based on hillock, height above sea level is all at below 100m, and relative elevation generally only has tens meters, average annual temperature 17.8 DEG C, and maximum temperature is in the July, and samming is 29.5 DEG C, minimum temperature in the January, samming 5.1 DEG C.>=10 DEG C of accumulated temperature are 5627.6 DEG C, and average annual sunshine duration is 1852.4h, average annual precipitation 1788.8mm.
2) test is arranged
Plantation specification: peanut line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, the program request of two, every cave; Cassava intercropping line-spacing 4m, spacing in the rows 80cm, oblique cutting buries, and reveals a bud; Radish is broadcasted sowing in conjunction with fertilizer seed dressing.
Community is arranged: nonoculture, crop rotation community are 30m
2(5m × 6m); Intercropping community is 60m
2(6 × 10m); Minizone is done compacting ridge and is separated, the wide 40cm in the ridge, high 30cm.Periphery, community arranges protection row, and line width is greater than 1m, sowing peanut.
Experimental cultivar: peanut is that Jiangxi spends No. 1, and cassava is south China 205, and radish is the white jade spring.
Fertilizer type: nitrogenous fertilizer (urea, N%=46%wt); Phosphate fertilizer (fused calcium magnesium phosphate, P
2o
5%=12%wt); Potash fertilizer (potassium chloride, K
2o%=60%wt); Pig manure nutrient content: the dry clear pig manure of stack retting after 30 days, water content 75%wt, butt N, P, K content is respectively 2.5%wt, 1.0%wt, 1.0%wt: each process rate of fertilizer is in table 1.Peanut season, the equal Base-appling once of radish season all fertilizer.Harvesting peanut phase cassava row topdresses.
1. the pig manure become thoroughly decomposed all was applied as base manure in peanut and cassava ditch in 15-25 days before peanut seeding and cassava cuttage, in ditch with after native Homogeneous phase mixing, cover one deck soil again; All fertilizer is used as base manure and once applies; Cassava row pig manure is all as base manure;
2. in the previous day of peanut seeding and cassava cuttage, chemical fertilizer is evenly applied in peanut and cassava row ditch after base manure and soil mixs, then with native covering;
3. after harvesting peanut, by urea 15kg/hm
2, potash fertilizer 150kg/hm
2apply in cassava row as topdressing;
4. after harvesting peanut, in peanut is capable, sow radish, disposablely apply urea 150kg/hm
2, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 750kg/hm
2, potassium chloride 75kg/hm
2as base manure, cover with soil, complete fertilizer and join and execute.
Process tested by table 1
The implication of " joining and executing " in table is that pig manure accounts for the mass percent of the total amount of nitrogen of crop in nitrogen.
3) result of the test
1. the output of peanut cassava radish intercropping mode and performance analysis
As can be seen from Figure 1, under this planting system, different organic and inorganic fertilizers joins to execute all has larger yield increasing effect to peanut yield, wherein the highest with peanut yield during proportion of apply 34%, is 4691kg/hm
2, than common fertilizer process (3614kg/hm
2) volume increase 29.80%.
Different pig manures and chemical fertilizer proportion of apply affect greatly cassava production in this implant system, and when wherein organic-inorganic proportion of apply is 40%, output is up to 18831kg/hm
2, exceed contrast 28.6% (Fig. 2).
Due to the slow releasing of fertilizer fertilizer efficiency, radish yield reaches the highest when pig manure and chemical fertilizer proportion of apply are 34%, is 36890kg/hm
2, than common fertilizer process (30624kg/hm
2) volume increase 20.5% (Fig. 3).
As can be seen from Table 2, the best pig manures of three kinds of crops are joined to execute with chemical fertilizer and are processed than chemical fertilizer process except output increases, and economic well-being of workers and staff on average increases by 27.8%; Meanwhile, reduce and also reduce urea amount of application 98.4kg/hm
2, minimizing ratio is 23.6%; Reduce fused calcium magnesium phosphate amount of application 350.6kg/hm
2, minimizing ratio is 24.4%; Reduce potassium chloride amount of application 36.9kg/hm
2, minimizing ratio is 11.5%; In addition, can dissolve the dry clear pig manure of about 7.35 tons in per hectare nonirrigated farmland.
Under table 2 peanut cassava radish planting system, pig manure and chemical fertilizer are joined and are granted conventional fertilizer application benefit comparison
2. the impact of peanut cassava radish planting Patterns on Soil Fertility
Field trial shows (Fig. 4-6), and compared with conventional fertilizer application, in the peanut maturing stage, pig manure chemical fertilizer is joined and executed process peanut capable topsoil soils alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, effectively P, active potassic and improve 12.6%, 29.56%, 10.89% respectively; The ratio that cassava row topsoil soils alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, effectively P, active potassic three kinds of nutrients improve is 40% pig manure to the maximum and joins and execute, and improves 17.51%, 25.13%, 20.11% respectively; In radish harvest time, the ratio that radish row topsoil soils alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, effectively P, active potassic three kinds of nutrients improve is 40% pig manure to the maximum and joins and execute, and improves 14.98%, 42.29% and 38.23% respectively.
3. peanut cassava radish planting pattern is on the impact of crop quality
Joined by pig manure and chemical fertilizer and execute field trial, study and specify that the impact of different disposal on peanut quality, result shows (table 3), and pig manure and chemical fertilizer are joined and executed and can improve the index of quality such as peanut fat, protein in various degree.
Table 3 difference joins the impact on peanut quality under the condition of executing
| Process | Fat (%) | Protein (%) | Soluble sugar (%) | Oleic acid (%) | Linoleic acid (%) | Oleic acid/linoleic acid O/L |
| Conventional fertilizer application | 49.13b | 22.62b | 13.59b | 41.80ab | 38.08ab | 1.09ab |
| Join and execute 12% pig manure | 50.25ab | 24.47a | 14.73ab | 42.50ab | 37.17b | 1.14a |
| Join and execute 23% pig manure | 50.89a | 23.76a | 15.24a | 41.70ab | 36.86b | 1.13a |
| Join and execute 34% pig manure | 50.45a | 23.65a | 14.99a | 43.30a | 37.99b | 1.14a |
| Join and execute 46% pig manure | 51.08a | 23.18ab | 14.26b | 43.38a | 38.98a | 1.11a |
Embodiment 2
In order to verify whether pig manure and chemical fertilizer distributing technology advantage have general using value under peanut cassava radish planting pattern, the Upland Red Soil that we select Red Sandstone to grow near above-mentioned test region carries out demonstration test, experimental scheme, crop varieties, fertilizing management etc. execute 34% with pig manure in embodiment 1 in nitrogen peanut capable joining, cassava row join execute 40% scheme completely the same.Result of the test confirms that measures of fertilizer listed by this patent and pig manure and chemical fertilizer proportion of apply all can improve each season crop yield, plant recovery of nutrient further, and improve readily available nutrient of soil content, and under different soils matrix condition, all can produce good result, practical and applicability all outstanding (Fig. 7, Fig. 8-10).
Embodiment 3
The technical program is not only studied respectively on two kinds of different soil parent material red soil, distributing technology and local conventional fertilizer application have been carried out systematic comparison (the results are shown in above), and the pig manure in this technology is executed 34% in nitrogen peanut capable joining by us, cassava row join execute 40% scheme and other existing research carry out lateral comparison, result following (Figure 11).Comparative study bibliography: Xu little Lin, Huang Qianru, Ye Chuan etc. the intercropping of Red Soils In A Hill Region Peanut in Dry land cassava is suitable for spacing research. Agriculture in Jiangxi journal, 2012,24 (4): 20-22.
For better embodying relative value, selected close for comparative study test site and this research, for trying peanut, Cassava Cultivars yield traits is also similar with this research, but comparative study is pure fertilizer uses.Comparing result shows, this research join organic fertilizer technology use after comparatively comparative study volume increase obviously, peanut yield increasing 51.5%, cassava increases production 5.0%.Comparative study does not consider that crop rotation radish increases cropping index, therefore this research more remarkable effect in raising land utilization rate, additional income.The more important thing is can dissolve the fermentation pig manure of about 7.35 tons in this research per hectare nonirrigated farmland, increase production and improve productivity, increase soil fertility while decrease Rural Plane Source Pollution risk.
Claims (3)
1. applying method joined by the pig manure under Upland Red Soil peanut cassava radish Optimization Planting Models and chemical fertilizer, it is characterized in that step is:
1. the pig manure become thoroughly decomposed all was applied as base manure in peanut and cassava ditch in 15-25 days before peanut seeding and cassava cuttage, in ditch with after native Homogeneous phase mixing, cover one deck soil again; The capable pig manure amount of application of peanut accounts for the 34%wt of peanut total nitrogen amount of application in nitrogen, all fertilizer is used as base manure and once applies; Cassava row pig manure amount of application accounts for the 40%wt of cassava total nitrogen amount of application in nitrogen, all as base manure;
2. in the previous day of peanut seeding and cassava cuttage, chemical fertilizer is evenly applied in peanut and cassava row ditch after base manure and soil mixs, then with native covering; The capable applying quantity of chemical fertilizer of peanut accounts for the 66%wt of peanut total nitrogen amount of application in nitrogen, unit are amount of urea is 173.3kg/hm
2, fused calcium magnesium phosphate consumption and potassium chloride dosage are supplied according to pig manure nutrient content used; Cassava row applying quantity of chemical fertilizer accounts for the 60%wt of cassava total nitrogen amount of application in nitrogen, unit are amount of urea is 270kg/hm
2, fused calcium magnesium phosphate consumption and potassium chloride dosage are supplied according to pig manure nutrient content used; That supplies is meant to: by the capable fertilising citing of peanut, in its pig manure used, the content of nitrogen accounts for and always needs to apply 34% of nitrogen content, the amount of application of pig manure can be calculated according to hereafter pig manure nitrogen content data, can obtain according to this amount of application the amount that in executed pig manure, phosphorus is plain, potassium is plain, subtract each other the amount of application of the chemical fertilizer-phosphate fertilizer potash fertilizer namely obtaining needing to supply by the phosphorus element always needing to apply, the plain amount of potassium; Pig manure nutrient content: the dry clear pig manure of stack retting after 30 days, water content 75%wt, butt N, P, K content is respectively 2.5%wt, 1.0%wt, 1.0%wt; It is 262.5kg/hm that described peanut total fertilization amount is converted to chemical fertilizer unit are amount of urea
2, fused calcium magnesium phosphate consumption is 750.0kg/hm
2, potassium chloride dosage is 225.0kg/hm
2; It is 450.0kg/hm that cassava total fertilization amount is converted to chemical fertilizer unit are amount of urea
2, fused calcium magnesium phosphate consumption is 840.0kg/hm
2, potassium chloride dosage is 510.0kg/hm
2;
3. after harvesting peanut, by urea 15kg/hm
2, potash fertilizer 150kg/hm
2apply in cassava row as topdressing;
4. after harvesting peanut, in peanut is capable, sow radish, disposablely apply urea 150kg/hm
2, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 750kg/hm
2, potassium chloride 75kg/hm
2as base manure, cover with soil, complete fertilizer and join and execute.
2. applying method joined by the pig manure according to claim 1 under Upland Red Soil peanut cassava radish Optimization Planting Models and chemical fertilizer, it is characterized in that peanut varieties is that No. 1, Guangdong oil No. 7 or Zhonghua No. 4 are spent in Jiangxi; Cassava Cultivars is south China 205, No. 5, south China or No. 8, south China; Radish varieties is the white jade spring.
3. applying method joined by the pig manure according to claim 1 under Upland Red Soil peanut cassava radish Optimization Planting Models and chemical fertilizer, it is characterized in that soil is Quaternary Red Clay, 0 ~ 20cm soil layer nutrient is: content of organic matter 8.53-12.15%wt, full nitrogen 0.62-0.83g/kg, available phosphorus 9.87-15.46mg/kg, available potassium 135.5-169.7mg/kg, pH4.37-5.25.
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| CN111972073B (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2022-10-18 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Efficient utilization method of red soil resources |
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| CN103477776A (en) * | 2011-11-10 | 2014-01-01 | 西南大学 | Fertilization method |
| CN102598944A (en) * | 2012-03-13 | 2012-07-25 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Efficient fertilization method of matching slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in garlic and corn crop rotation |
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