CN103975677A - Pig manure and fertilizer combined application method under optimized red-soil upland peanut-cassava-radish planting mode - Google Patents
Pig manure and fertilizer combined application method under optimized red-soil upland peanut-cassava-radish planting mode Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pig manure and fertilizer combined application method under optimized red-soil upland peanut-cassava-radish planting mode. According to the method, decomposed pig manure is completely taken as a base fertilizer and is applied to peanut furrows and cassava furrows before peanut is sowed and cassava is cut, and a layer of soil covers decomposed pig manure after decomposed pig manure and soil are uniformly mixed in the furrows; a fertilizer is taken as a base fertilizer and is uniformly mixed with soil, then the mixture is uniformly applied to the peanut furrows and the cassava furrows one day before peanut is sowed and cassava is cut, then the mixture is covered with soil; after peanut is harvested, urea and potassium fertilizer are taken as additional fertilizers and are applied to cassava rows; and after peanut is harvested, radish is sowed in peanut rows, urea, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and potassium chloride fertilizer are taken as base fertilizers and are applied for one time, and the fertilizers are covered with soil, so that fertilizer applying is finished. According to the method, a proper organic fertilizer source is selected, the reasonable proportion of the inorganic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer and proportions and usage amount of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are determined, the upland soil fertility is maintained and improved, the output and the quality of peanut, cassava and radish are effectively improved, and the economical benefit and the environmental benefit of production on red-soil upland are substantially improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to crop intercropping fertilizer practice field, the technology of executing is joined in the fermentation of banking up, pig manure and the inorganic fertilizer field that are specifically related to peanut cassava radish intercropping measure, fertilizer.
Background technology
Taking, mixed, interplanting as the how ripe three-dimensional composite plant of representative be the main direction of world today's agricultural development.Improve red soil cropping index, receive both parties in a lawsuit economic crops more, for efficiently utilizing limited Upland Red Soil resource, increasing crop yield and benefit, tool is of great significance.
In Jiangxi the Northeast, the Upland Red Soil of 60-80% taking pure as peanut as main, peanut nonoculture soil resource availability only has 40% left and right.Drought-enduring, resistance to lean, the acid resistance soil of cassava, and photosynthetic efficiency is high, and the food energy of unit are exceedes paddy rice, wheat, Chinese sorghum and corn, existing more than the 100 year history of China plantation cassava.According to statistics, 1,300 ten thousand tons have been reached to China's fresh cassava output in 2007.In South Red Soil Region, the especially existing fairly large production application (seeing a kind of Red Soils In A Hill Region Peanut in Dry land of patent of invention and cassava intercropping method, Granted publication CN102224788B) of Jiangxi the Northeast peanut cassava intercropping.
But on the one hand, the fertile amount of cassava consumption is large, and traditional chemical fertilizer application can not finely meet the especially nutrient demand of cassava of Intercropping System, and plantation must aggravate the degeneration of Arid Red Soil fertility continuously; Southern area pig-breeding industry development is swift and violent on the other hand, and only Jiangxi Province produces every year the dirt of cultivation excrement and just exceedes 1.2 hundred million tons, and dirty unprocessed farmland and the water body of directly entering of bulky stool, not only causes the pollution of environment, has also wasted the Organic Fertilizer Resources of high-quality simultaneously.
For a long time, pig manure is used seldom at Upland Red Soil, and application technique is unreasonable.On peanut cassava radish intercropping mode, execute by the Reasonable of become thoroughly decomposed pig manure and chemical fertilizer, really realize the high-yield and high-efficiency of intercropping mode, increase soil fertility, reduce environmental pollution, system that so far there are no report.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem solving: the invention provides the Optimum method under cultivate peanut // cassava-radish intercropping mode, the method has been determined pig manure and the reasonable proportion of apply of chemical fertilizer of three kinds of crops and whole pattern and has been chased after base manure ratio, solved pig manure resource and upland soil degradation problem.Adopt this fertilizing method, can keep three kinds of crop alimentary equilibriums, improved output and quality, keep and raising dryland soil fertility.
Technical scheme: pig manure and chemical fertilizer under Upland Red Soil peanut // cassava-radish Optimization Planting Models are joined applying method, step is: 1. the pig manure becoming thoroughly decomposed was all applied as base manure in peanut and cassava ditch in 15-25 days before peanut seeding and cassava cuttage, after evenly mixing, cover one deck soil in ditch with soil again; The capable pig manure amount of application of peanut accounts for the 34%wt of peanut total nitrogen amount of application in nitrogen, all fertilizer once applies as base manure; Cassava row pig manure amount of application accounts for the 40%wt of cassava total nitrogen amount of application in nitrogen, all as base manure; 2. in the previous day of peanut seeding and cassava cuttage, using chemical fertilizer as base manure and soil mix rear evenly applying in peanut and cassava row ditch, then cover with soil; The capable applying quantity of chemical fertilizer of peanut accounts for the 66%wt of peanut total nitrogen amount of application in nitrogen, unit are amount of urea is 173.3kg/hm
2, fused calcium magnesium phosphate consumption and potassium chloride dosage are supplied according to pig manure nutrient content used; Cassava row applying quantity of chemical fertilizer accounts for the 60%wt of cassava total nitrogen amount of application in nitrogen, unit are amount of urea is 270kg/hm
2, fused calcium magnesium phosphate consumption and potassium chloride dosage are supplied according to pig manure nutrient content used; The meaning of supplying is: take the capable fertilising of peanut for example, in its pig manure of using, the content of nitrogen accounts for and always need to apply 34% of nitrogen content, can calculate the amount of application of pig manure according to pig manure nitrogen content data below, can obtain the amount of phosphorus element in executed pig manure, potassium element according to this amount of application, subtract each other the amount of application of the chemical fertilizer-phosphate fertilizer potash fertilizer that obtains supplying by the phosphorus element that always need to apply, potassium element amount.3. after harvesting peanut, by urea 15kg/hm
2, potash fertilizer 150kg/hm
2apply as topdressing in cassava row; 4. after harvesting peanut, in peanut is capable, sow radish, the disposable urea 150kg/hm that applies
2, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 750kg/hm
2, potassium chloride 75kg/hm
2as base manure, cover with soil, complete fertilizer and join and execute.
Described peanut varieties is that No. 1, Guangdong oil No. 7 or Zhonghua No. 4 are spent in Jiangxi; Cassava Cultivars is No. 8, south China 205, No. 5, south China or south China; Radish varieties is the white jade spring.
Described soil is Quaternary Red Clay, and 0～20cm soil layer nutrient is: content of organic matter 8.53-12.15%wt, full nitrogen 0.62-0.83g/kg, available phosphorus 9.87-15.46mg/kg, available potassium 135.5-169.7mg/kg, pH4.37-5.25.
Described pig manure nutrient content: the dry clear pig manure of stack retting after 30 days, water content 75%wt, butt N, P, K content are respectively 2.5%wt, 1.0%wt, 1.0%wt.
It is 262.5kg/hm that described peanut total fertilization amount is converted to chemical fertilizer unit are amount of urea
2, fused calcium magnesium phosphate consumption is 750.0kg/hm
2, potassium chloride dosage is 225.0kg/hm
2; It is 450.0kg/hm that cassava total fertilization amount is converted to chemical fertilizer unit are amount of urea
2, fused calcium magnesium phosphate consumption is 840.0kg/hm
2, potassium chloride dosage is 510.0kg/hm
2.
Beneficial effect: the present invention is by selecting suitable organic fertilizer resource, organic and inorganic fertilizer rational proportion and nitrogen are determined, phosphorus, the proportioning of potash fertilizer and consumption, thereby meet well peanut in peanut // cassava-radish intercropping mode, the nutritional need in cassava and radish each period, the organic fertilizer resources such as pig manure are rationally utilized, significantly reduce N, P, the amount of application of the chemical fertilizer such as K, maintain and improved dryland soil fertility, effectively improve peanut, the yield and quality of cassava and radish, reduce energy resource consumption, reduce risk of environmental pollution, greatly improve the economy and environment benefit that Upland Red Soil is produced.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that pig manure and chemical fertilizer are joined the figure that affects executing peanut yield;
Fig. 2 is that pig manure and chemical fertilizer are joined the figure that affects executing cassava production;
Fig. 3 is that pig manure and chemical fertilizer are joined the figure that affects executing radish yield;
Fig. 4 is the affect figure of organic-inorganic proportion of apply on the capable soil nutrient of peanut;
Fig. 5 is the affect figure of organic-inorganic proportion of apply on cassava row soil nutrient;
Fig. 6 is the affect figure of organic-inorganic proportion of apply on radish row soil nutrient;
Fig. 7 is that under Red Sandstone Arid Red Soil peanut // cassava-radish planting system, pig manure is joined and executed effect of increasing production comparison diagram;
Under Fig. 8 Red Sandstone Arid Red Soil, peanut // cassava-radish planting system pig manure is joined the dynamic change figure that executes soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content;
Fig. 9 is that peanut // cassava under Red Sandstone Arid Red Soil-radish planting system pig manure is joined the dynamic change figure that executes soil available phosphorus content;
Figure 10 is that peanut // cassava under Red Sandstone Arid Red Soil-radish planting system pig manure is joined the dynamic change figure that executes Soil Available potassium content;
Figure 11 pig manure is joined the technology of executing and relatively comparison diagram of common fertilizer application technique crop yield.
Embodiment
Below by example, the present invention is specifically described.Be necessary to be pointed out that at this; following instance is only used to further illustrate the present invention; can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention, the person skilled in the art in this field can make some nonessential improvement and adjustment to the present invention according to foregoing invention content.
Embodiment 1
1, test region condition is arranged with test
1) place, test region: be positioned to field trial Honghu, Honghu township, In Yujiang County, jiangxi Province villager's group.116 ° 55 ' 30 of east longitude ", 28 ° 15 ' 20 of north latitude ", belong to the moistening monsoon climate in subtropics, make a clear distinction between the four seasons.This district's physical features is comparatively smooth, and taking hillock as main, height above sea level is all below 100m, and relative elevation generally only has tens meters, 17.8 DEG C of average annual temperature, and maximum temperature is in the July, and samming is 29.5 DEG C, and minimum temperature is in the January, 5.1 DEG C of sammings.>=10 DEG C of accumulated temperature are 5627.6 DEG C, and average annual sunshine duration is 1852.4h, average annual precipitation 1788.8mm.
2) test is arranged
Plantation specification: peanut line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, the program request of two, every cave; Cassava intercropping line-spacing 4m, spacing in the rows 80cm, oblique cutting buries, and reveals a bud; Radish is broadcasted sowing in conjunction with fertilizer seed dressing.
Community arranges: nonoculture, crop rotation community are 30m
2(5m × 6m); Intercropping community is 60m
2(6 × 10m); Minizone is done compacting ridge and is separated, the wide 40cm in the ridge, high 30cm.Periphery, community arranges protection row, and line width is greater than 1m, sowing peanut.
Experimental cultivar: peanut is that spend No. 1 in Jiangxi, and cassava is south China 205, and radish is the white jade spring.
Fertilizer type: nitrogenous fertilizer (urea, N%=46%wt); Phosphate fertilizer (fused calcium magnesium phosphate, P
2o
5%=12%wt); Potash fertilizer (potassium chloride, K
2o%=60%wt); Pig manure nutrient content: the dry clear pig manure of stack retting after 30 days, water content 75%wt, butt N, P, K content are respectively 2.5%wt, 1.0%wt, 1.0%wt: respectively process rate of fertilizer in table 1.Peanut season, the equal Base-appling once of all fertilizer of radish season.Harvesting peanut phase cassava row topdresses.
1. the pig manure becoming thoroughly decomposed was all applied as base manure in peanut and cassava ditch in 15-25 days before peanut seeding and cassava cuttage, after evenly mixing with soil, cover again one deck soil in ditch; All fertilizer once applies as base manure; Cassava row pig manure is all as base manure;
2. in the previous day of peanut seeding and cassava cuttage, using chemical fertilizer as base manure and soil mix rear evenly applying in peanut and cassava row ditch, then cover with soil;
3. after harvesting peanut, by urea 15kg/hm
2, potash fertilizer 150kg/hm
2apply as topdressing in cassava row;
4. after harvesting peanut, in peanut is capable, sow radish, the disposable urea 150kg/hm that applies
2, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 750kg/hm
2, potassium chloride 75kg/hm
2as base manure, cover with soil, complete fertilizer and join and execute.
Table 1 test is processed
The implication of " joining and executing " in table is pig manure accounts for the total amount of nitrogen of crop mass percent in nitrogen.
3) result of the test
Output and the performance analysis of 1. peanut // cassava-radish intercropping mode
As can be seen from Figure 1, under this planting system, different organic and inorganic fertilizers joins to execute all has larger yield increasing effect to peanut yield, and during wherein with proportion of apply 34%, peanut yield is the highest, is 4691kg/hm
2, than common fertilizer processing (3614kg/hm
2) volume increase 29.80%.
Greatly, when wherein organic-inorganic proportion of apply is 40%, output is up to 18831kg/hm on cassava production impact in this implant system for different pig manures and chemical fertilizer proportion of apply
2, exceed contrast 28.6%(Fig. 2).
Due to the slow release of fertilizer fertilizer efficiency, radish yield reaches the highest in the time that pig manure and chemical fertilizer proportion of apply are 34%, is 36890kg/hm
2, than common fertilizer processing (30624kg/hm
2) volume increase 20.5%(Fig. 3).
As can be seen from Table 2, the best pig manures of three kinds of crops are joined to execute to process than chemical fertilizer with chemical fertilizer and are processed except output increases, and economic well-being of workers and staff on average increases by 27.8%; Meanwhile, reduce and also reduce urea amount of application 98.4kg/hm
2, minimizing ratio is 23.6%; Reduce fused calcium magnesium phosphate amount of application 350.6kg/hm
2, minimizing ratio is 24.4%; Reduce potassium chloride amount of application 36.9kg/hm
2, minimizing ratio is 11.5%; In addition the per hectare nonirrigated farmland dry clear pig manure of approximately 7.35 tons of dissolving.
Under table 2 peanut // cassava-radish planting system, pig manure and chemical fertilizer are joined and are granted the comparison of conventional fertilizer application benefit
The impact of 2. peanut // cassava-radish planting Patterns on Soil Fertility
Field trial shows (Fig. 4-6), compared with conventional fertilizer application, in the peanut maturing stage, pig manure chemical fertilizer join execute process peanut capable topsoil soils alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, effectively P, quick-acting K have improved respectively 12.6%, 29.56%, 10.89%; Cassava row topsoil soils alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, the ratio that effectively P, tri-kinds of nutrients of quick-acting K improve are 40% pig manure to the maximum and join and execute, and have improved respectively 17.51%, 25.13%, 20.11%; In radish harvest time, radish row topsoil soils alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, the ratio that effectively P, tri-kinds of nutrients of quick-acting K improve are 40% pig manure to the maximum and join and execute, and have improved respectively 14.98%, 42.29% and 38.23%.
3. the impact of peanut // cassava-radish planting pattern on crop quality
Join and execute field trial by pig manure and chemical fertilizer, research the clear and definite impact of different disposal on peanut quality, result shows (table 3), pig manure and chemical fertilizer are joined to execute and can be improved in various degree the index of quality such as peanut fat, protein.
Table 3 difference is joined the impact on peanut quality under the condition of executing
| Process | Fat (%) | Protein (%) | Soluble sugar (%) | Oleic acid (%) | Linoleic acid (%) | Oleic acid/linoleic acid O/L |
| Conventional fertilizer application | 49.13b | 22.62b | 13.59b | 41.80ab | 38.08ab | 1.09ab |
| Join and execute 12% pig manure | 50.25ab | 24.47a | 14.73ab | 42.50ab | 37.17b | 1.14a |
| Join and execute 23% pig manure | 50.89a | 23.76a | 15.24a | 41.70ab | 36.86b | 1.13a |
| Join and execute 34% pig manure | 50.45a | 23.65a | 14.99a | 43.30a | 37.99b | 1.14a |
| Join and execute 46% pig manure | 51.08a | 23.18ab | 14.26b | 43.38a | 38.98a | 1.11a |
Embodiment 2
Execute technical advantage and whether there is general using value in order to verify under peanut // cassava-radish planting pattern that pig manure and chemical fertilizer are joined, near the Upland Red Soil that we select Red Sandstone to grow above-mentioned test region carries out demonstration test, in experimental scheme, crop varieties, fertilizing management etc. and embodiment 1, pig manure executes 34% in capable joining of nitrogen peanut, and it is in full accord that cassava row is joined 40% the scheme executed.Result of the test further confirms that the listed measures of fertilizer of this patent and pig manure and chemical fertilizer proportion of apply all can improve each season crop yield, plant recovery of nutrient, and improve readily available nutrient of soil content, and under different soils matrix condition, all can produce good result, practical and all outstanding (Fig. 7, Fig. 8-10) of applicability.
Embodiment 3
The technical program is not only studied respectively on two kinds of different soil parent material red soil, to join the technology of executing and local conventional fertilizer application and carry out systematic comparison (the results are shown in above), and we execute 34% by the pig manure in this technology in capable joining of nitrogen peanut, cassava row joins 40% the scheme executed and lateral comparison is carried out in other existing research, result following (Figure 11).Comparative study bibliography: Xu little Lin, Huang Qianru, Ye Chuan etc. the suitable spacing research of Red Soils In A Hill Region Peanut in Dry land cassava intercropping. Agriculture in Jiangxi journal, 2012,24 (4): 20-22.
For better embodying relative value, selectedly approach for comparative study test site and this research, supply to try peanut, Cassava Cultivars yield traits is also similar with this research, but being pure fertilizer, comparative study uses.Comparing result demonstration, this research is increased production obviously compared with comparative study after joining organic fertilizer utilization, peanut yield increasing 51.5%, cassava volume increase 5.0%.Comparative study does not consider that crop rotation radish increases cropping index, therefore this research more remarkable effect aspect raising land utilization rate, additional income.The more important thing is can the dissolve fermentation pig manure of approximately 7.35 tons of this research per hectare nonirrigated farmland, increase production and improve productivity, reduced when increasing soil fertility Rural Plane Source Pollution risk.
Claims (5)
1. pig manure and the chemical fertilizer under Upland Red Soil peanut // cassava-radish Optimization Planting Models joined applying method, it is characterized in that step is:
1. the pig manure becoming thoroughly decomposed was all applied as base manure in peanut and cassava ditch in 15-25 days before peanut seeding and cassava cuttage, after evenly mixing with soil, cover again one deck soil in ditch; The capable pig manure amount of application of peanut accounts for the 34%wt of peanut total nitrogen amount of application in nitrogen, all fertilizer once applies as base manure; Cassava row pig manure amount of application accounts for the 40%wt of cassava total nitrogen amount of application in nitrogen, all as base manure;
2. in the previous day of peanut seeding and cassava cuttage, using chemical fertilizer as base manure and soil mix rear evenly applying in peanut and cassava row ditch, then cover with soil; The capable applying quantity of chemical fertilizer of peanut accounts for the 66%wt of peanut total nitrogen amount of application in nitrogen, unit are amount of urea is 173.3kg/hm
2, fused calcium magnesium phosphate consumption and potassium chloride dosage are supplied according to pig manure nutrient content used; Cassava row applying quantity of chemical fertilizer accounts for the 60%wt of cassava total nitrogen amount of application in nitrogen, unit are amount of urea is 270kg/hm
2, fused calcium magnesium phosphate consumption and potassium chloride dosage are supplied according to pig manure nutrient content used;
3. after harvesting peanut, by urea 15 kg/hm
2, potash fertilizer 150 kg/hm
2apply as topdressing in cassava row;
4. after harvesting peanut, in peanut is capable, sow radish, the disposable urea 150kg/hm that applies
2, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 750kg/hm
2, potassium chloride 75 kg/hm
2as base manure, cover with soil, complete fertilizer and join and execute.
2. pig manure and the chemical fertilizer under Upland Red Soil peanut // cassava-radish Optimization Planting Models joined applying method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that peanut varieties is that No. 1, Guangdong oil No. 7 or Zhonghua No. 4 are spent in Jiangxi; Cassava Cultivars is No. 8, south China 205, No. 5, south China or south China; Radish varieties is the white jade spring.
3. pig manure and the chemical fertilizer under Upland Red Soil peanut // cassava-radish Optimization Planting Models joined applying method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that soil is Quaternary Red Clay, 0～20cm soil layer nutrient is: content of organic matter 8.53-12.15%wt, full nitrogen 0.62-0.83g/kg, available phosphorus 9.87-15.46mg/kg, available potassium 135.5-169.7mg/kg, pH 4.37-5.25.
4. pig manure and the chemical fertilizer under Upland Red Soil peanut // cassava-radish Optimization Planting Models joined applying method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that pig manure nutrient content: the dry clear pig manure of stack retting after 30 days, water content 75%wt, butt N, P, K content are respectively 2.5%wt, 1.0%wt, 1.0%wt.
5. pig manure and the chemical fertilizer under Upland Red Soil peanut // cassava-radish Optimization Planting Models joined applying method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that it is 262.5kg/hm that described peanut total fertilization amount is converted to chemical fertilizer unit are amount of urea
2, fused calcium magnesium phosphate consumption is 750.0kg/hm
2, potassium chloride dosage is 225.0kg/hm
2; It is 450.0kg/hm that cassava total fertilization amount is converted to chemical fertilizer unit are amount of urea
2, fused calcium magnesium phosphate consumption is 840.0kg/hm
2, potassium chloride dosage is 510.0kg/hm
2.
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| CN109328596A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-02-15 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of production technology method of greenhouse watermelon organic fertilizer replacing fertilizer |
| CN111972073A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-11-24 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Efficient utilization method of red soil resources |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN109328596A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-02-15 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of production technology method of greenhouse watermelon organic fertilizer replacing fertilizer |
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| CN103975677B (en) | 2016-01-27 |
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