CN103951910B - 一种聚氯乙烯复合塑料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- RUMACXVDVNRZJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C RUMACXVDVNRZJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229940045641 monobasic sodium phosphate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000191967 Staphylococcus aureus Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003385 bacteriostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001408 fungistatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
- B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92009—Measured parameter
- B29C2948/92266—Mechanical properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92323—Location or phase of measurement
- B29C2948/92485—Start-up, shut-down or parameter setting phase; Emergency shut-down; Material change; Test or laboratory equipment or studies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
- B29C2948/92704—Temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
- B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
- B29C2948/92876—Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
- B29C2948/92895—Barrel or housing
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Abstract
本发明属于高分子材料领域，公开了一种聚氯乙烯复合塑料及其制备方法。本发明的复合塑料由以下重量份的成分制成：聚氯乙烯为35-45份、磷酸二氢钠为3-4份、四甲基硅氧烷为8-14份、氧化锌为5-12份、低密度聚乙烯为22-25份、聚乙烯蜡为6-13份、硬脂酸镁为3-4份和甲基丙烯酸异丁酯为13-17份。本发明的聚氯乙烯复合塑料的制备方法包括高混机中快速混合、搅拌、双螺杆挤出机挤压、造粒等步骤。本发明制备得到的聚氯乙烯复合塑料具有较好的抗菌性能和较高的拉伸强度，可作为抗菌塑料用于相关产品制备中。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料领域，涉及一种复合塑料及其制备方法，特别涉及一种聚氯乙烯复合塑料及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚氯乙烯复合塑料作为复合塑料的一个品种，具有较广的应用，以聚氯乙烯为主要材料的复合塑料在应用到一些和人体接触的地方时，对复合塑料的抗菌性能有着较为严格的要求。
聚氯乙烯复合塑料在应用时如果抗菌性能较差，当人体过多接触时，会产生一定的危害，影响人们的健康。
拉伸强度的高低对复合塑料的性能也有较大的作用，拉伸强度较高，复合塑料具有较好的弹性，可以扩大塑料的适用空间。
发明内容
要解决的技术问题：常规的复合塑料的抗菌性能较差，长时间接触会增大人们患病的危害，此外常规的聚氯乙烯复合塑料拉伸强度也较低，限制了聚氯乙烯塑料的应用的问题。
技术方案：本发明公开了一种聚氯乙烯复合塑料及其制备方法，由以下重量份的成分制成：聚氯乙烯为35-45份、磷酸二氢钠为3-4份、四甲基硅氧烷为8-14份、氧化锌为5-12份、低密度聚乙烯为22-25份、聚乙烯蜡为6-13份、硬脂酸镁为3-4份和甲基丙烯酸异丁酯为13-17份。
一种聚氯乙烯复合塑料的制备方法，制备方法包括以下步骤：(1)打开高混机，向高混机中加入聚氯乙烯为35-45份、磷酸二氢钠为3-4份、四甲基硅氧烷为8-14份、氧化锌为5-12份、低密度聚乙烯为22-25份、聚乙烯蜡为6-13份、硬脂酸镁为3-4份和甲基丙烯酸异丁酯为13-17份，将上述各成分进行混合，混合均匀；(2)混合均匀后再将复合塑料的混合料进行搅拌；(3)将混合料加入至双螺杆挤出机中，进行双螺杆挤出，挤出时一区温度为180-190℃，二区温度为150℃-160℃，螺杆的长径比为40:1；(4)挤出后冷却，制备得到聚氯乙烯复合塑料。
一种聚氯乙烯复合塑料的制备方法，制备过程中挤出时一区温度优选为180℃。
一种聚氯乙烯复合塑料的制备方法，制备过程中加入的聚氯乙烯优选为40份。
一种聚氯乙烯复合塑料的制备方法，制备过程中加入的四甲基硅氧烷优选为14份。
有益效果：
制备得到的聚氯乙烯复合塑料具有较好的抗菌性能和较高的拉伸强度。测定了本发明的聚氯乙烯复合塑料对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制率，测定方法为QB/T2591-2003A，金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制率为89.2％至93.4％，测定了本发明的复合塑料的拉伸强度，测定方法为ASTMD638-2008，复合塑料的拉伸强度在63MPa至67MPa。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例1
一种聚氯乙烯复合塑料的制备方法，制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)打开高混机，向高混机中加入聚氯乙烯为35kg、磷酸二氢钠为3kg、四甲基硅氧烷为14kg、氧化锌为12kg、低密度聚乙烯为22kg、聚乙烯蜡为13kg、硬脂酸镁为3kg和甲基丙烯酸异丁酯为15kg，将上述各成分进行混合，混合均匀；(2)混合均匀后再将复合塑料的混合料进行搅拌；(3)将混合料加入至双螺杆挤出机中，进行双螺杆挤出，挤出时一区温度为180℃，二区温度为160℃，螺杆的长径比为40:1；(4)挤出后冷却，制备得到聚氯乙烯复合塑料。
实施例2
一种聚氯乙烯复合塑料的制备方法，制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)打开高混机，向高混机中加入聚氯乙烯为40kg、磷酸二氢钠为4kg、四甲基硅氧烷为11kg、氧化锌为5kg、低密度聚乙烯为24kg、聚乙烯蜡为6kg、硬脂酸镁为4kg和甲基丙烯酸异丁酯为13kg，将上述各成分进行混合，混合均匀；(2)混合均匀后再将复合塑料的混合料进行搅拌；(3)将混合料加入至双螺杆挤出机中，进行双螺杆挤出，挤出时一区温度为190℃，二区温度为150℃，螺杆的长径比为40:1；(4)挤出后冷却，制备得到聚氯乙烯复合塑料。
实施例3
一种聚氯乙烯复合塑料的制备方法，制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)打开高混机，向高混机中加入聚氯乙烯为45kg、磷酸二氢钠为3kg、四甲基硅氧烷为8kg、氧化锌为8kg、低密度聚乙烯为25kg、聚乙烯蜡为10kg、硬脂酸镁为3kg和甲基丙烯酸异丁酯为17kg，将上述各成分进行混合，混合均匀；(2)混合均匀后再将复合塑料的混合料进行搅拌；(3)将混合料加入至双螺杆挤出机中，进行双螺杆挤出，挤出时一区温度为185℃，二区温度为155℃，螺杆的长径比为40:1；(4)挤出后冷却，制备得到聚氯乙烯复合塑料。
测定了实施例1、实施例2、实施例3的复合塑料的金黄色葡萄球菌抑制率和拉伸强度，抑菌实验测试方法为QB/T2591-2003A，，拉伸强度测定方法为ASTMD638-2008，测定结果如下表所示：
| 测试项目 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 |
| 抑菌率 | 91.5％ | 89.2％ | 93.4％ |
| 拉伸强度(MPa) | 65 | 67 | 63 |
通过实验测定，本发明的聚氯乙烯复合塑料具有良好的抑菌效果和较高的拉伸强度，可以有效的降低长时间接触复合塑料产生的微生物危害，另外还提高了它的拉伸强度，增加了复合塑料的使用途径。
Claims (4)
1.一种聚氯乙烯复合塑料，其特征在于由以下重量份的成分制成：聚氯乙烯为35-45份、磷酸二氢钠为3-4份、四甲基硅氧烷为8-14份、氧化锌为5-12份、低密度聚乙烯为22-25份、聚乙烯蜡为6-13份、硬脂酸镁为3-4份和甲基丙烯酸异丁酯为13-17份；
所述的一种聚氯乙烯复合塑料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：(1)打开高混机，向高混机中加入聚氯乙烯为35-45份、磷酸二氢钠为3-4份、四甲基硅氧烷为8-14份、氧化锌为5-12份、低密度聚乙烯为22-25份、聚乙烯蜡为6-13份、硬脂酸镁为3-4份和甲基丙烯酸异丁酯为13-17份，将上述各成分进行混合，混合均匀；(2)混合均匀后再将复合塑料的混合料进行搅拌；(3)将混合料加入至双螺杆挤出机中，进行双螺杆挤出，挤出时一区温度为180-190℃，二区温度为150℃-160℃，螺杆的长径比为40:1；(4)挤出后冷却，制备得到聚氯乙烯复合塑料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种聚氯乙烯复合塑料，其特征在于制备过程中挤出时一区温度为180℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种聚氯乙烯复合塑料，其特征在于制备过程中加入的聚氯乙烯为40份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种聚氯乙烯复合塑料，其特征在于制备过程中加入的四甲基硅氧烷为14份。
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