CN103947540A - Breeding method for winemaking sugarcane varieties - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method for winemaking sugarcane varieties. The novel winemaking sugarcane variety with strong stress resistance, wide adaptation, high yield and high quality is bred by parents selection, quality traits determination, adaptation determination, perennial root determination, field brix determination, combination of selection and expanding propagation, cold resistance measurement, brewing performance determination and comprehensive judgment. The method disclosed by the invention is simple and convenient to operate, the economic value of sugarcane is greatly excavated, and meanwhile, a rapid breeding method for winemaking sugarcane varieties is provided.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cane breeding technical field, relate in particular to a kind of selection of the sugar cane breed of making wine.
Background technology
Sugarcane is the general name of saccharum, originate in the torrid zone, subtropical zone, the modal edible sugarcane of China is bamboo cane, sugarcane is applicable to planting in fertile soil, sunny, the large place of summer in the winter temperature difference, sugarcane is temperate zone and tropical crops, it is the raw material of manufacturing sucrose, and can refine ethanol as energy substitution product, the whole world has more than 100 country to produce sugarcane, maximum sugarcane production state is Brazil, India and China, in sugarcane, contain abundant sugar, moisture, also contain the various vitamins that metabolism is highly profitable to human body, fat, protein, organic acid, calcium, the materials such as iron, be mainly used in sugaring, now extensively plant in the torrid zone and subtropical zone.
Sugarcane can be divided into the types such as sugarcane, fruit sugarcane, Energy Sugarcane, wine brewing sugarcane, feed sugarcane by the difference of its purposes.The white wine of producing taking sugarcane as raw material is Rum in the world, and its same whiskey, brandy are also called the large distillation famous brand of wine in the world three, approximately occupy 15% international market share.The whole world produces 4,000,000 tons of rums every year, and the annual import of China is more than 20,000 tons.Now, Rum is seen everywhere on the supermarket in a Chinese line city, and its sale speed is increasing with annual 30%-60% ratio.At present healthy, popular white wine occupies mainstream of society consumption market just gradually.Rum odor type uniqueness, quality be pure, be difficult for top (fusel oil content is low)." Rum " is rich fragrance wine unique in international famous brand of wine and that Chinese most famous brand of wine taste mouthfeel is close.Therefore rum has good selling market prospect.Development rum industry is conducive to increasing peasant income, saves food, environmental protection, has significant economic, society, ecological benefits.
China has the some areas such as Guangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan to produce rum at present, and whole raw material as rum with sugarcane before the technology of the present invention application, does not have special wine brewing sugar cane breed available.The technology of the present invention is with strong points, the establishment of novelty special wine brewing cane breeding technical system, realized the technological innovation of China's special wine brewing sugar cane breed seed selection and kind innovation, filled up a blank of China's sugarcane science and technology.
Sugarcane research institute of Neijiang City academy of agricultural sciences applies this invention and has successfully been bred as the sweet city 819 of wine brewing new variety of sugarcane.This kind No. 18 taking sweet city forms as maternal, good fortune agriculture 83-36 as paternal hybrid seed selection, and No. 18, sweet city and good fortune agriculture 91-63 are that growth potential spy is good, the high light efficiency material that output is high.The regional test result sugarcane output in sweet city 819 is 8534.2 kgs/acre, than No. 13 volume increase 28.4% of contrast river sugarcane; Sugarcane juice sugar is 19.4%, exceeds 3.5 percentage points (absolute values) than contrast; The rate of squeezing out is 75%, exceeds 5 percentage points (absolute values) than contrast; Germination rate is 62.9%, and tillering capacity is 62.3%, respectively than contrast high 11.4% and 13.5%; Growing way spy is good, and plant is high, and early, generally, than the Zao jointing 2-3 cylinder of contrast, plant height is 316.9 centimetres to jointing, higher 67.3 centimetres than contrast; It is 5360 that stubble cane mu is sent out strain number, and a mu number of productive tiller is 4520, respectively than river sugarcane more than No. 13 426 and 334; Well developed root system, drought resistance is strong, is stretched to the growth later stage all vigorous than No. 13 growths of river sugarcane in arid hillside field plantation from jointing, and fast, this species diversity is the most obvious at arid season in growth.Dissect underground root system, find that its jointing phase root fresh weight that begins is heavier by 45.5% than No. 13, river sugarcane.Still see that to the later stage of growing its superficial root (0～15cm) and deep layer root (15～60cm) are all than No. 13 prosperities of river sugarcane.Sweet city 819 performance of making wine is good, and the wine total ester content spawning taking it as raw material is higher, and particularly the content of ethyl acetate, ethyl lactate is higher, and unique flavor, strong pure, excellent quality have the style of the unique sugarcane odor type of sugarcane.Sweet city 819 shows as the outstanding metamaterials of growth potential at seedling in early days, and the method for having taked selection to combine with accelerates multiplication provenance has expanded numerously to 500 mu to area in 2014, within 3 years, be applied to production ahead of time compared with conventional breeding method.
Summary of the invention
The object of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a kind of selection of the sugar cane breed of making wine, and is intended to solve in wine brewing cane breeding the problem without science, specification, practical variety evaluation index.
The embodiment of the present invention is to realize like this, a kind of selection of the sugar cane breed of making wine, the selection of this wine brewing sugar cane breed by parent select, qualitative character is measured, adaptability is measured, perennial root is measured, field hammer degree is measured, select with expand numerously combine, cold resistance is measured, wine brewing performance measurement, comprehensively judge selects the wine brewing new variety of sugarcane of strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, high yield and high quality;
Specifically comprise the following steps:
Step 1, parent selects, and selects hectare biological yield to reach 150 tons of above high light efficiency, high-biomass Sugarcane smuts and does parent's hybridization;
Step 2, qualitative character is measured; Using the numerical value of the rate of squeezing out × sugarcane juice fermentable sugars amount of filial generation field trial as the leading indicator of weighing qualitative character;
Step 3, adaptability is measured; In hillside fields, dam ground, clay, loam, sandy soil, water is increased soil fertility, rain is increased soil fertility all plants, and makes adaptability testing index with average yield;
Step 4, perennial root is measured; The more than 2 years perennial root of plantation, makes perennial root testing index with average yield;
Step 5, field hammer degree is measured; Investigation kind is bored juice hammer degree from the field in October last year, November, January December to next year, February, March, April, May, judge kind precocious performance, high sugared performance, protect sugared performance;
Step 6, selects and expands numerous combining; To the outstanding kind of Early manifestation excellence, take to select the method that combines with accelerates multiplication provenance, adopt greenhouse cultivation, 1 year two numerous and thin planting are short the way expanding propagation coefficient such as tiller, effective shortening the breeding cycle;
Step 7, cold resistance is measured; Be arranged in and have frost every year but 2-3 local plantation mensuration cold resistance of frost degree varies sample;
Step 8, wine brewing performance measurement; With identical distiller's yeast and equipment, produce rum through processes such as squeezing the juice, ferment, distill, store sth. in a cellar, evaluate wine brewing performance.
Step 1, parent selects; Select the Sugarcane smut of high light efficiency, high-biomass to do parent's hybridization, the Sugarcane smut of the high light efficiency identifying, high-biomass is transported to Hainan plantation, utilize the good light and heat condition in Hainan that it is bloomed and implement hybridization, the hybridization flower fringe seed of results is taken back to breeding objective and sow, the offspring plant that it is bred is selected;
Step 2, qualitative character is measured; Using the numerical value of the rate of squeezing out × sugarcane juice fermentable sugars amount of filial generation field trial as the leading indicator of weighing qualitative character, wine brewing sugarcane is mainly to utilize the sugar fermentation of sugarcane juice to produce wine, squeeze out rate and sugarcane juice fermentable sugars amount of sugarcane has the greatest impact to its liquor output, and the rate of squeezing out × sugarcane juice fermentable sugars amount is the overall target of these two proterties of reaction.
Step 3, adaptability is measured; In hillside fields, dam ground, clay, loam, sandy soil, water is increased soil fertility, rain is increased soil fertility all plants, and makes adaptability testing index with average yield, therefrom selects drought-resistant, barren-resistantly, is applicable to the eurytopicity improved seeds of multiple great soil group plantation.
Step 4, perennial root is measured; The more than 2 years perennial root of plantation, makes perennial root testing index with average yield.After upper season harvesting sugarcane, stayed the sugarcane that in soil, the Dormant Buds on sugarcane pocket is turned out, and be called stubble cane, stubble cane has province's kind, saves the advantages such as labour, precocity.Stubble cane is one of sugarcane Main Cultivation system.Can stay the kind sugarcane grower of more than 2 years perennial root more acceptant.
Step 5, field hammer degree is measured; Investigation kind is bored juice hammer degree from the field in October last year, November, January December to next year, February, March, April, May, judge kind precocious performance, high sugared performance, protect sugared performance.Sugarcane wine brewing can not all can be produced as the grain anniversary of making wine.Annual is to open as far as possible squeezing production, receipts squeezing stopping production in evening morning.The field in October, November is bored juice hammer degree and can be judged the precocious performance of kind, thereby determines to open and squeeze the production time; The field brill juice hammer degree in January December to next year, February, March can judge the height sugar performance of kind, and the most important production time of Zhe Shi brewery, during this, the sugar of kind has the greatest impact to the height of liquor output rate; Guarantor's sugar performance of kind is bored juice hammer degree and can be judged in the field in April, May, whether has moved back sugar, move back sugar number, as the main reference of definite brewery's off-time.
Step 6, selects and expands numerous combining; To the outstanding kind of Early manifestation excellence, take to select the method that combines with accelerates multiplication provenance, adopt greenhouse cultivation, 1 year two numerous and thin planting are short the way expanding propagation coefficient such as tiller, effective shortening the breeding cycle.The key link of implementing is early stage to some excellent strains of having outstanding performance what choose seeds, entering the conventional procedure of breeding by a part of provenance selects, another part is used for expanding numerous, accelerates multiplication, being defined as improved seeds until kind by conventional breeding program externally has when Demonstration And Extension sufficient provenance to ensure; The more general breeding method of the method can 2-3 years shortening the breeding cycles, to early going out kind, to go out kind soon very favourable.
Step 7, cold resistance is measured.Be arranged in and have frost every year but 2-3 local plantation mensuration cold resistance of frost degree varies sample.Whether the cold resistance of sugar cane breed has normal raw material to brewery ensures very must have, the poor kind sugar in the time running into low temperature or frost weather of cold resistance can sharply transform, decline obviously, cause the cost of material of brewery significantly to rise, the quality of wine also can variation.Plantation selection in the place of frost degree varies sample is to strengthen selection pressure in the winter time, thereby reply unfavourable weather is selected effective behave of the kind that cold resistance is strong.If the Guangyuan while of the Chengdu of the inland river of Sichuan Ke Jiang Chuan Nan, Chuan Xi, Chuan Bei is as the test site of cold resistance mensuration.
Step 8, wine brewing performance measurement.With identical distiller's yeast and equipment, produce rum through processes such as squeezing the juice, ferment, distill, store sth. in a cellar, evaluate wine brewing performance.Different sugar cane breeds is sugar content difference not only, the content of the trace element such as its ester class, amino acid, vitamin is also different, fragrance and the quality of the wine spawning have certain difference, select the raw material sugarcane of plantation high-quality that reference is provided by the brewery that is evaluated as of wine brewing performance.
The selection of wine brewing sugar cane breed provided by the invention, by parent's selection, qualitative character, adaptability measure, perennial root is measured, field hammer degree is measured, select with expand numerously combine, cold resistance mensuration, the performance measurement of making wine, evaluate wine brewing performance, the comprehensive wine brewing new variety of sugarcane that selects strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, high yield and high quality of passing judgment on, method of the present invention is simple, easy to operate, greatly the excavation of degree the economic worth of sugarcane, the one sugar cane breed selection of making wine is efficiently provided simultaneously.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the selection flow chart of the wine brewing sugar cane breed that provides of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments, application principle of the present invention is further described.
As shown in Figure 1, the selection of the wine brewing sugar cane breed of the embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:
S101: parent selects, selects the Sugarcane smut of high light efficiency, high-biomass to do parent's hybridization;
S102: qualitative character is measured, using the numerical value of the rate of squeezing out × sugarcane juice fermentable sugars amount of filial generation field trial as the leading indicator of weighing qualitative character;
S103: adaptability is measured, in hillside fields, dam ground, clay, loam, sandy soil, water is increased soil fertility, rain is increased soil fertility all plants, and makes adaptability testing index with average yield;
S104: perennial root is measured, the more than 2 years perennial root of plantation, makes perennial root testing index with average yield;
S105: field hammer degree is measured, investigation kind is bored juice hammer degree from the field in October last year, November, January December to next year, February, March, April, May, judge kind precocious performance, high sugared performance, protect sugared performance;
S106: select and expand numerous combining, to the outstanding kind of Early manifestation excellence, taking to select the method that combines with accelerates multiplication provenance, adopting greenhouse cultivation, 1 year two numerous and thin planting way expanding propagation coefficient such as urge to tiller, effective shortening the breeding cycle;
S107: cold resistance is measured, is arranged in and has frost every year but 2-3 local plantation mensuration cold resistance of frost degree varies sample;
S108: wine brewing performance measurement, with identical distiller's yeast and equipment, produce rum through processes such as squeezing the juice, ferment, distill, store sth. in a cellar, evaluate wine brewing performance.
Of the present inventionly specifically comprise the following steps:
The first step, parent selects, and selects the Sugarcane smut of high light efficiency, high-biomass to do parent's hybridization;
Second step, qualitative character is measured, using the numerical value of the rate of squeezing out × sugarcane juice fermentable sugars amount of filial generation field trial as the leading indicator of weighing qualitative character;
The 3rd step, adaptability is measured, in hillside fields, dam ground, clay, loam, sandy soil, water is increased soil fertility, rain is increased soil fertility all plants, and makes adaptability testing index with average yield;
The 4th step, perennial root is measured, and the more than 2 years perennial root of plantation, makes perennial root testing index with average yield;
The 5th step, field hammer degree is measured, investigation kind is bored juice hammer degree from the field in October last year, November, January December to next year, February, March, April, May, judge kind precocious performance, high sugared performance, protect sugared performance;
The 6th step, selects and expands numerous combining, and to the outstanding kind of Early manifestation excellence, takes to select the method that combines with accelerates multiplication provenance, adopts greenhouse cultivation, 1 year two numerous and thin planting way expanding propagation coefficient such as urge to tiller, effective shortening the breeding cycle;
The 7th step, cold resistance is measured, and is arranged in and has frost every year but 2-3 local plantation mensuration cold resistance of frost degree varies sample;
The 8th step, wine brewing performance measurement, with identical distiller's yeast and equipment, produces rum through processes such as squeezing the juice, ferment, distill, store sth. in a cellar, evaluates wine brewing performance.
The present invention passes judgment on the wine brewing new variety of sugarcane that selects strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, high yield and high quality by the index comprehensive of the first step-eight steps.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the selection of the sugar cane breed of making wine, it is characterized in that, the selection of this wine brewing sugar cane breed by parent select, qualitative character is measured, adaptability is measured, perennial root is measured, field hammer degree is measured, select with expand numerously combine, cold resistance is measured, wine brewing performance measurement, comprehensively judge selects the wine brewing new variety of sugarcane of strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, high yield and high quality;
Specifically comprise the following steps:
Step 1, parent selects, and selects hectare biological yield to reach 150 tons of above Sugarcane smuts and does parent's hybridization;
Step 2, qualitative character is measured; Using the numerical value of the rate of squeezing out × sugarcane juice fermentable sugars amount of filial generation field trial as the leading indicator of weighing qualitative character;
Step 3, adaptability is measured; In hillside fields, dam ground, clay, loam, sandy soil, water is increased soil fertility, rain is increased soil fertility all plants, and makes adaptability testing index with average yield;
Step 4, perennial root is measured; The more than 2 years perennial root of plantation, makes perennial root testing index with average yield;
Step 5, field hammer degree is measured; Investigation kind is bored juice hammer degree from the field in October last year, November, January December to next year, February, March, April, May, judge kind precocious performance, high sugared performance, protect sugared performance;
Step 6, selects and expands numerous combining; To the outstanding kind of Early manifestation excellence, take to select the method that combines with accelerates multiplication provenance, adopt greenhouse cultivation, 1 year two numerous and thin planting are short the way expanding propagation coefficient such as tiller, effective shortening the breeding cycle;
Step 7, cold resistance is measured; Be arranged in and have frost every year but 2-3 local plantation mensuration cold resistance of frost degree varies sample;
Step 8, wine brewing performance measurement; With identical distiller's yeast and equipment, produce rum through processes such as squeezing the juice, ferment, distill, store sth. in a cellar, evaluate wine brewing performance.
2. the selection of wine brewing sugar cane breed as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, step 1, and parent selects; Select the Sugarcane smut of high light efficiency, high-biomass to do parent's hybridization, the hectare biological yield identifying is reached to 150 tons of above high light efficiency, high-biomass Sugarcane smuts and be transported to Hainan plantation, utilize the good light and heat condition in Hainan that it is bloomed and implement hybridization, the hybridization flower fringe seed of results is taken back to breeding objective and sow, the offspring plant that it is bred is selected.
3. the selection of wine brewing sugar cane breed as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, step 2, and qualitative character is measured; Using the numerical value of the rate of squeezing out × sugarcane juice fermentable sugars amount of filial generation field trial as the leading indicator of weighing qualitative character, wine brewing sugarcane is mainly to utilize the sugar fermentation of sugarcane juice to produce wine, squeeze out rate and sugarcane juice fermentable sugars amount of sugarcane has the greatest impact to its liquor output, and the rate of squeezing out × sugarcane juice fermentable sugars amount is the overall target of these two proterties of reaction.
4. the selection of wine brewing sugar cane breed as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, step 3, and adaptability is measured; In hillside fields, dam ground, clay, loam, sandy soil, water is increased soil fertility, rain is increased soil fertility all plants, and makes adaptability testing index with average yield, therefrom selects drought-resistant, barren-resistantly, is applicable to the eurytopicity improved seeds of multiple great soil group plantation.
5. the selection of wine brewing sugar cane breed as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, step 4, and perennial root is measured; The more than 2 years perennial root of plantation, makes perennial root testing index with average yield; After upper season harvesting sugarcane, stayed the sugarcane that in soil, the Dormant Buds on sugarcane pocket is turned out, and be called stubble cane, stubble cane has province's kind, saves labour, precocious advantage; Stubble cane is one of sugarcane Main Cultivation system; Can stay the kind sugarcane grower of more than 2 years perennial root more acceptant.
6. the selection of wine brewing sugar cane breed as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, step 5, and field hammer degree is measured; Investigation kind is bored juice hammer degree from the field in October last year, November, January December to next year, February, March, April, May, judge kind precocious performance, high sugared performance, protect sugared performance.Sugarcane wine brewing can not all can be produced as the grain anniversary of making wine; Annual is to open as far as possible squeezing production, receipts squeezing stopping production in evening morning; The field in October, November is bored juice hammer degree and can be judged the precocious performance of kind, thereby determines to open and squeeze the production time; The field brill juice hammer degree in January December to next year, February, March can judge the height sugar performance of kind, and the most important production time of Zhe Shi brewery, during this, the sugar of kind has the greatest impact to the height of liquor output rate; Guarantor's sugar performance of kind is bored juice hammer degree and can be judged in the field in April, May, whether has moved back sugar, move back sugar number, as the main reference of definite brewery's off-time.
7. the selection of wine brewing sugar cane breed as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, step 6 is selected and expands numerous combining; To the outstanding kind of Early manifestation excellence, take to select the method that combines with accelerates multiplication provenance, adopt greenhouse cultivation, 1 year two numerous and thin planting are short the way expanding propagation coefficient such as tiller, effective shortening the breeding cycle; The key link of implementing is early stage to some excellent strains of having outstanding performance what choose seeds, entering the conventional procedure of breeding by a part of provenance selects, another part is used for expanding numerous, accelerates multiplication, being defined as improved seeds until kind by conventional breeding program externally has when Demonstration And Extension sufficient provenance to ensure; The more general breeding method of the method can 2-3 years shortening the breeding cycles, to early going out kind, to go out kind soon very favourable.
8. the selection of wine brewing sugar cane breed as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, step 7, and cold resistance is measured; Be arranged in and have frost every year but 2-3 local plantation mensuration cold resistance of frost degree varies sample; Whether the cold resistance of sugar cane breed has normal raw material to brewery ensures very must have, the poor kind sugar in the time running into low temperature or frost weather of cold resistance can sharply transform, decline obviously, cause the cost of material of brewery significantly to rise, the quality of wine also can variation; Plantation selection in the place of frost degree varies sample is to strengthen selection pressure in the winter time, thereby reply unfavourable weather is selected effective behave of the kind that cold resistance is strong.
9. the selection of wine brewing sugar cane breed as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, step 8, wine brewing performance measurement; With identical distiller's yeast and equipment, produce rum through processes such as squeezing the juice, ferment, distill, store sth. in a cellar, evaluate wine brewing performance.Different sugar cane breeds is sugar content difference not only, the content of the trace element such as its ester class, amino acid, vitamin is also different, fragrance and the quality of the wine spawning have certain difference, select the raw material sugarcane of plantation high-quality that reference is provided by the brewery that is evaluated as of wine brewing performance.
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