CN103943704A - 一种指叉背接触太阳电池组件及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种指叉背接触太阳电池组件及其制备方法,包括绝缘胶膜、导电带、导电胶、指叉背接触太阳电池片、指叉背接触太阳电池片的负极、指叉背接触太阳电池片的正极,所述两片指叉背接触太阳电池片间通过绝缘胶膜相粘结,用于实现预固定;所述导电带分别与白色高反光绝缘胶膜和涂覆在指叉背接触太阳电池片的正极、指叉背接触太阳电池片的负极上的导电胶相连。通过采用导电胶实现无需焊接就可达到导电带与指叉背接触太阳电池片的正极、指叉背接触太阳电池片的负极的可靠电连接的制备方法,实现了电池片封装过程中的免焊接、低温、低成本的封装要求,降低了电池片生产过程中的碎片率和封装成本,提升了产品封装过程中的可靠性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及了电池制备领域,尤其设计了一种指叉接触太阳电池组件及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着环境的恶化和化石能源的枯竭,新能源的开发利用成为各国关注的重点,其中光伏发电,由于其稳定、清洁、零排放等特点,成为新能源开发的热点。在光伏发电中,晶硅太阳电池由于其低成本、高效率、性能稳定等特点成为市场的主宰。
指叉交错背接触太阳电池片作为晶硅太阳电池的一种,通过改变电池片的结构消除前表面栅线及导电焊带的遮挡,使电池片全表面接受光照,从而更有效的收集光生载流子,使光电转换效率得到极大提高,而且其正负极均在背面,使得外观更加优美。指叉交错背接触电池片已实现产业化最高为24.2%的转换效率,目前此转换效率位居所有产业化生产的晶硅电池之首,是未来高效电池发展的重要方向。
目前,市场上主流的晶硅太阳电池组件大部分都是由正负电极分布在电池上下两面的电池片组成,其封装方式采用双面焊接技术,该焊接技术较单面焊接难度大,工序复杂。而指叉背接触太阳电池的正负电极均在背面,可以单面串接,易于自动焊接的实施。但由于背接触太阳电池片较常规电池片薄,采用焊接技术进行封装时由于局部大于200℃高温的冲击作用很容易出现碎片和隐裂的现象,造成生产浪费的同时又容易引起组件的可靠性。而柔性导电背板的价格是普通背板的五倍左右,使得太阳电池组件成本的升高,较难实现规模化生产,产品也会缺乏市场竞争力。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明的目的就在于提供了一种指叉背接触太阳电池组件及其制备方法,该方法结合集成电路中使用的低成本导电胶的低温固化优点,并将价格昂贵的柔性导电背板替换为价格低廉的常规合金导电带,可以有效解决目前在背接触太阳电池组件封装方面存在的问题,从而实现了电池片封装过程中的免焊接、低温、低成本的封装要求,既降低了电池片生产过程中的碎片率和封装成本,又提升了产品封装过程中的可靠性。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是这样的:
一种指叉背接触太阳电池组件,包括绝缘胶膜、导电带、导电胶、指叉背接触太阳电池片、指叉背接触太阳电池片的负极、指叉背接触太阳电池片的正极,所述两片指叉背接触太阳电池片间通过绝缘胶膜相粘结,用于实现预固定;所述导电带分别与白色高反光绝缘胶膜和涂覆在指叉背接触太阳电池片的正极、指叉背接触太阳电池片的负极上的导电胶相连。
作为一种优选方案,所述的绝缘胶膜是一种具有双面粘结的白色高反光的绝缘胶膜,该绝缘胶膜具有大于80%的反光率;所述绝缘胶膜的长度为80-200mm,宽度为4-20mm;所述绝缘胶膜不仅可以提高入射光的反射,起到预固定指叉背接触太阳电池片和导电带的作用,还能遮挡焊带,起到美观的作用。
作为一种优选方案,所述绝缘胶膜的宽度可以大于指叉背接触太阳电池片的正极和指叉背接触太阳电池片的负极间的宽度;所述绝缘胶膜的宽度大于指叉背接触太阳电池片的片间距;所述绝缘胶膜的宽度不能覆盖全部电极。
作为一种优选方案,所述的指叉背接触太阳电池片的正极和指叉背接触太阳电池片的负极设有小孔,该小孔面积大于指叉背接触太阳电池片的正极和指叉背接触太阳电池片的负极面积的1/2。
作为一种优选方案,所述的导电胶包括金属颗粒、热固树脂,所述金属颗粒为导电性能较好的银或低熔点颗粒;所述导电胶的电阻率为小于5×10-5Ω·㎝。
作为一种优选方案,所述的金属颗粒为锡铋金属颗粒;该金属颗粒升温时金属粒子会聚集形成导通体系,与导电带上的合金层有很好的匹配,可以达到极高的可靠性。
作为一种优选方案,所述的导电带为涂有锡铅、锡银或锡铅银合金的铜带;所述导电带的厚度为0.08-0.25mm。
一种指叉背接触太阳电池组件的制备方法,采用导电胶实现无需焊接就可达到导电带与指叉背接触太阳电池片的正极、指叉背接触太阳电池片的负极的可靠电连接,具体操作步骤如下:
1、放置好玻璃,铺设好上层EVA;
2、将指叉背接触太阳电池片按照一定的片间距、串间距按正负排列铺设在铺好EVA的玻璃上;
3、在两片指叉背接触太阳电池片间粘接双面粘接的白色高反光绝缘胶膜,实现指叉背接触太阳电池片间的固定;
4、在指叉背接触太阳电池片的电极涂覆导电胶;
5、将导电带对准指叉背接触太阳电池片的电极放置,
6、将导电带与双面粘结的白色高反光绝缘胶膜粘接在一起;
7、将电池串组装好铺上EVA,将汇流条引出背板后进行层压。
作为一种优选方案,所述的层压条件为抽真空250-600s,层压温度为135度到160度之间,层压时间为8min到16min。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果:
1. 本发明采用导电胶将狗骨状的涂锡铜导电带和背接触电池片粘结在一起,不需要预加热和高温焊接,简化了操作,降低了工艺的碎片率,同时采用常规背板进行封装,解决了目前指叉背接触太阳电池组件使用柔性导电背板封装造成的价格高的问题。
2. 本发明采用具有双面粘结的白色高反光绝缘胶膜实现了电池片间、电池片和焊带间的固定,防止了在层压过程中电池片和导电带的移位,解决了电池和导电带边缘的绝缘问题,起到美化外观的作用,同时采用双面粘接的白色高反光绝缘胶膜还可以通过增加光的反射,提高光伏组件的发电效率。
3. 本发明采用的导电胶封装无需高温进行焊接,将层压工艺与导电胶的固化工艺结合在一起即可完成导电带与电池片电极的固化连接,可极大降低对电池片产生的热应力,以减少电池片的翘曲,而且这种导电胶更加适合涂锡铜带和电池片间的粘结,且在长期的工作中,不会因为不匹配性造成电池组件的失效。
附图说明
图1是本发明的侧面结构示意图;
图2是本发明的正面结构示意图;
附图标记说明:绝缘胶膜1、导电带2、导电胶3、指叉背接触太阳电池片4、指叉背接触太阳电池片的负极5、指叉背接触太阳电池片的正极6。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行进一步说明。
实施例:如图1、图2所示,一种指叉背接触太阳电池组件,包括绝缘胶膜1、导电带2、导电胶3、指叉背接触太阳电池片4、指叉背接触太阳电池片的负极5、指叉背接触太阳电池片的正极6,所述两片指叉背接触太阳电池片4间通过绝缘胶膜1相粘结,用于实现预固定;所述导电带2分别与白色高反光绝缘胶膜1和涂覆在指叉背接触太阳电池片的正极6、指叉背接触太阳电池片的负极5上的导电胶3相连;所述的绝缘胶膜1是一种具有双面粘结的白色高反光的绝缘胶膜1,该绝缘胶膜1具有大于80%的反光率;所述绝缘胶膜1的长度为80-200mm,宽度为4-20mm;所述绝缘胶膜1的宽度可以大于指叉背接触太阳电池片的正极6和指叉背接触太阳电池片的负极5间的宽度;所述绝缘胶膜1的宽度大于指叉背接触太阳电池片4的片间距;所述绝缘胶膜1的宽度不能覆盖全部电极;所述的指叉背接触太阳电池片的正极6和指叉背接触太阳电池片的负极5设有小孔,该小孔面积大于指叉背接触太阳电池片的正极6和指叉背接触太阳电池片的负极5面积的1/2;所述的导电胶3包括金属颗粒、热固树脂,所述金属颗粒为导电性能较好的银或低熔点颗粒;所述导电胶的电阻率为小于5×10-5Ω·㎝;所述的金属颗粒为锡铋金属颗粒;该金属颗粒升温时金属粒子会聚集形成导通体系,与导电带2上的合金层有很好的匹配,可以达到极高的可靠性;所述的导电带2为涂有锡铅、锡银或锡铅银合金的铜带。具体实施时,指叉背接触太阳电池片4的结构即正负电极均在背面,每个极性由三个极点组成,为了保持串接的可靠性,本发明采用一种特制的狗骨状普通涂锡铜导电带2,该导电带2可以将两个指叉背接触太阳电池片4的正负极串联在一起,同时预先在指叉背接触太阳电池片4间粘贴双面粘接的白色高反光绝缘胶膜1,防止指叉背接触太阳电池片4和导电带2移位的同时,实现了导电带2和指叉背接触太阳电池片4间的绝缘,提高了组件的转换效率。和常规的焊接不同,本发明采用导电胶实现无需焊接就可达到导电带与指叉背接触太阳电池片的正极、指叉背接触太阳电池片的负极的可靠电连接,具体操作步骤如下:
1. 放置好玻璃,铺设好上层EVA;
2. 将指叉背接触太阳电池片4按照一定的片间距、串间距按正负排列铺设在铺好EVA的玻璃上;
3. 在两片指叉背接触太阳电池片4间粘接双面粘接的白色高反光绝缘胶膜1,实现指叉背接触太阳电池片4间的固定;
4. 在指叉背接触太阳电池片4的电极涂覆导电胶3;
5. 将导电带2对准指叉背接触太阳电池片4的电极放置,
6. 将导电带2与双面粘结的白色高反光绝缘胶膜1粘接在一起;
7. 将电池串组装好铺上EVA,将汇流条引出背板后进行层压。
所述导电带2的厚度为0.08-0.25mm;所述的层压条件为抽真空250-600s,层压温度为135度到160度之间,层压时间为8min到16min。该制备方法不仅降低了指叉背接触太阳电池片4生产过程中的碎片率和封装成本,而且提升了产品封装过程中的可靠性。
最后需要说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制性技术方案,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,那些对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本技术方案的宗旨和范围,均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (9)
1.一种指叉背接触太阳电池组件,其特征在于:所述指叉背接触太阳电池组件包括绝缘胶膜(1)、导电带(2)、导电胶(3)、指叉背接触太阳电池片(4)、指叉背接触太阳电池片的负极(5)、指叉背接触太阳电池片的正极(6),所述两片指叉背接触太阳电池片(4)间通过绝缘胶膜(1)相粘结,用于实现预固定;所述导电带(2)分别与白色高反光绝缘胶膜(1)和涂覆在指叉背接触太阳电池片的正极(6)、指叉背接触太阳电池片的负极(5)上的导电胶(3)相连。
2.根据权利1所述的一种指叉背接触太阳电池组件,其特征在于:所述的绝缘胶膜(1)是一种具有双面粘结的白色高反光的绝缘胶膜(1),该绝缘胶膜(1)具有大于80%的反光率;所述绝缘胶膜的长度为80-200mm,宽度为4-20mm。
3.根据权利2所述的一种指叉背接触太阳电池组件,其特征在于:所述绝缘胶膜(1)的宽度可以大于指叉背接触太阳电池片的正极(6)和指叉背接触太阳电池片的负极(5)间的宽度;所述绝缘胶膜(1)的宽度大于指叉背接触太阳电池片(4)的片间距。
4.根据权利3所述的一种指叉背接触太阳电池组件,其特征在于:所述的指叉背接触太阳电池片的正极(6)和指叉背接触太阳电池片的负极(5)设有小孔,该小孔面积大于指叉背接触太阳电池片的正极(6)和指叉背接触太阳电池片的负极(5)面积的1/2。
5.根据权利1所述的一种指叉背接触太阳电池组件,其特征在于:所述的导电胶(3)包括金属颗粒、热固树脂,所述金属颗粒为导电性能较好的银或低熔点颗粒;所述导电胶(3)的电阻率为小于5×10-5Ω·㎝。
6.根据权利5所述的一种指叉背接触太阳电池组件,其特征在于:所述的金属颗粒为锡铋金属颗粒。
7.根据权利1所述的一种指叉背接触太阳电池组件,其特征在于:所述的导电带(2)为涂有锡铅、锡银或锡铅银合金的铜带;所述导电带(2)的厚度为0.08-0.25mm。
8.一种指叉背接触太阳电池组件的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的制备方法采用导电胶(3)实现无需焊接就可达到导电带(2)与指叉背接触太阳电池片的正极(6)、指叉背接触太阳电池片的负极(5)的可靠电连接,,具体操作步骤如下:
1)、放置好玻璃,铺设好上层EVA;
2)、将指叉背接触太阳电池片(4)按照一定的片间距、串间距按正负排列铺设在铺好EVA的玻璃上;
3)、在两片指叉背接触太阳电池片(4)间粘接双面粘接的白色高反光绝缘胶膜(1),实现指叉背接触太阳电池片(4)间的固定;
4)、在指叉背接触太阳电池片(4)的电极涂覆导电胶(3);
5)、将导电带(2)对准指叉背接触太阳电池片(4)的电极放置,
6)、将导电带(2)与双面粘结的白色高反光绝缘胶膜(1)粘接在一起;
7)、将电池串组装好铺上EVA,将汇流条引出背板后进行层压。
9.根据权利8所述的一种指叉背接触太阳电池组件的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的层压条件为抽真空250-600s,层压温度为135度到160度之间,层压时间为8min到16min。
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