CN103943022A - Combined teaching aid for simulating reversal - Google Patents
Combined teaching aid for simulating reversal Download PDFInfo
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- CN103943022A CN103943022A CN201410193750.5A CN201410193750A CN103943022A CN 103943022 A CN103943022 A CN 103943022A CN 201410193750 A CN201410193750 A CN 201410193750A CN 103943022 A CN103943022 A CN 103943022A
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Abstract
The invention provides a combined teaching aid for simulating reversal. The combined teaching aid is composed of a base, a support, a box, a drive part and a simulation part, wherein the box and the support are fixedly mounted on the base, the support is located in the box, the drive part and the simulation part both are mounted in the box and fixed on the support, and the drive part comprises at least a differential mechanism, a handle, output shafts and braking devices; two braking devices are mounted on the output shaft A and the output shaft B, respectively; the simulation part comprises at least a main shaft and a reversing disc, the reversing disc sleeves the main shaft and the reversing disc and the main shaft are capable of rotating relatively to each other, and the main shaft is mounted on the output shaft A; the simulation part specifically is a four-rod mechanism simulation part or a cam mechanism simulation part. The teaching aid is used for solving shortcomings in the background art; the teaching aid can be used for demonstrating the basic principle of reversal of a four-rod mechanism and a cam mechanism in design.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of teaching aid of mechanical field, be specifically related to a kind of teaching aid for simulation deduction reversal process, can the deduce reversal process principle of mechanism of four-bar mechanism and cam of this teaching aid.
Background technology
Teaching aid has just appeared in classroom and laboratory very early.Teaching aid can help student to understand better knowwhy, improves student's the ability of practice of starting, and is the necessary teaching aid equipment of a lot of college courses.Along with the development in epoch and social progress, the division of university's specialty is more and more thinner, and quantity is also more and more, and the course that requires student to start after class to test also gets more and more; Also have a lot of courses to relate to abstract knowwhy, student is not understandable, and the bad religion of teacher is especially true for Techniques for Machinery Students.
Nowadays on market, the teaching aid relevant with mechanical principle course is of a great variety, but the teaching aid of the reversal process ultimate principle that is used for deducing not yet occurs so far.Particularly utilize this two parts content of reversal process ultimate principle design plane four-bar mechanism and cam contour, abstract reversal process principle allows a lot of student's indigestions, and teacher does not have suitable teaching equipment to carry out aided education yet.Under this background, in order to help student to understand better reversal process ultimate principle, simultaneously also in order to give lessons more smoothly in classroom, just must provide a kind of simple, practical reversal process principle teaching aid.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides that a kind of this teaching aid has solved the deficiency in background technology, adopts this teaching aid for simulating the combined appliance for teaching of reversal process, can teaching four-bar linkage and the reversal process ultimate principle of cam mechanism in design.This teaching aid, by modular design, has been integrated into the reversal process ultimate principle teaching mechanism of four-bar linkage and cam mechanism on same basic module, and two parts function easy switching, has simplified design.This teaching aid can help classmates to understand better the ultimate principle of reversal process, also for teacher lectures this partial content on classroom, provides help simultaneously.
Realizing the technical scheme that above-mentioned purpose of the present invention adopts is:
A kind of for simulating the combined appliance for teaching of reversal process, this combined appliance for teaching is by base, support, casing, driver part and analog component form, wherein casing and support are fixedly mounted on base, support is arranged in casing, driver part and analog component are installed in casing and are fixed on support, described driver part at least comprises differential mechanism, handle, output shaft and clamping device, handle is arranged on a sidewall of casing, handle is connected with the input shaft of differential mechanism by shaft coupling and is with driven input shaft to rotate, two output shafts of differential mechanism are towards the left and right sides, and be respectively output shaft A and output shaft B, wherein on output shaft A and output shaft B, all cover has cone gear, be respectively cone gear A and cone gear B, output shaft A is with cone gear A clearance fit and can relatively rotate between the two, between output shaft B and cone gear B, key is connected, between cone gear A and cone gear B, be also provided with the taper transmission gear with both engagements, when rotating, output shaft B drives cone gear B rotation, cone gear B drives cone gear A to rotate around output shaft A by taper transmission gear, the top of output shaft A is provided with cross recess, on the lateral wall of cone gear A, is installed with bolt, described clamping device is provided with two, is arranged on respectively output shaft A and output shaft B upper, for controlling the rotation of output shaft A and output shaft B, in described analog component, at least include main shaft and reversion dish, reversion dish is enclosed within on main shaft and between the two and can relatively rotates, and it is upper that main shaft is arranged on output shaft A, and the top of main shaft is provided with the cross key with the interlock of cross recess phase, and output shaft A drives main shaft rotation, reversion dish is fixedly connected with the bolt on cone gear A lateral wall, and cone gear A drives reversion disc spins by bolt, and described analog component is specially four-bar mechanism analog component or cam mechanism analog component.
Described clamping device adopts the tight block brake of spring, this device comprises brake rod, spring, two block rubbers and two flexure strips, wherein block rubber is fixed on flexure strip, two block rubbers are clipped in output shaft between the two jointly, two flexure strips are provided with the corresponding through hole in position, brake rod passes the through hole on two flexure strips and can in through hole, move, the inner of brake rod is provided with the limited block that width is greater than through-hole diameter, the outer end of brake rod is by stretching out outwardly on casing, and the outer end of brake rod is provided with draw ring, spring housing is on the brake rod between two flexure strips, two flexure strips are all fixed on base, when pulling out brake rod, the relative motion under the effect of limited block of two flexure strips, thereby two block rubbers are by output shaft double team between, stop output shaft rotation.
Described four-bar mechanism analog component comprises main shaft, countershaft, reversion dish, transparent plate, driving lever, follower lever and transmission shaft, transparent plate and reversion dish parallel, main shaft, countershaft and transmission shaft are installed between transparent plate and reversion dish, driving lever and follower lever are arranged on respectively on the end of main shaft and countershaft, and parallel with transparent panel, main shaft, two spur gears are all installed on countershaft and transmission shaft, two spur gears are respectively gear wheel and pinion wheel, and be fixedly connected with between gear wheel and pinion wheel, wherein main shaft is corresponding with the installation site of gear wheel on countershaft and pinion wheel, transmission shaft is between main shaft and countershaft, and transmission shaft can move axially, when transmission shaft advances in casing vertically, gear wheel on it is meshed with the pinion wheel on main shaft and countershaft, when transmission shaft is pulled out casing vertically, pinion wheel on it is meshed with the gear wheel on main shaft and countershaft.
Described cam mechanism analog component comprises main shaft, reversion dish, cam disc, push rod and push-rod frame, wherein reversion dish is arranged on the sidewall of casing and is rotatable, cam disc is fixed on the outer end of main shaft and rotates with the axis, cam disc is parallel with reversion dish, push-rod frame is fixed on reversion dish, and push rod is arranged in push-rod frame.
In described combined appliance for teaching, be also provided with electronic control part, described electronic control part comprises rotary encoder, driver, single-chip microcomputer and stepper motor, described rotary encoder is arranged on handle, for obtaining rotational speed and the sense of rotation of handle, described stepper motor is installed on push-rod frame, control pushrod movement, rotary encoder is connected the parameter of obtaining is transferred to single-chip microcomputer with single-chip microcomputer, and single-chip microcomputer moves by driver control stepper motor.
Provided by the invention compared with prior art have following advantage for simulating the combined appliance for teaching of reversal process: the combined appliance for teaching that 1, the present invention provides can teaching four-bar linkage and the reversal process ultimate principle of cam mechanism in design, help classmates to understand better the ultimate principle of reversal process, also for teacher lectures this partial content on classroom, provide help simultaneously.2, this teaching aid, by modular design, has been integrated into the reversal process ultimate principle teaching mechanism of four-bar linkage and cam mechanism on same basic module, and two parts function easy switching, has simplified design.3, this teaching aid cost is lower, can be used for classroom and laboratory, and cost performance is high.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 for the embodiment of the present invention 1 provide for simulating the one-piece construction schematic diagram of the combined appliance for teaching of reversal process;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of driver part;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of four-bar mechanism analog component;
Fig. 4 is the principle schematic of four-bar mechanism reversal process;
Fig. 5 for embodiment 2 provide for simulating the one-piece construction schematic diagram of the combined appliance for teaching of reversal process;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of cam mechanism analog component;
Fig. 7 is the principle schematic of cam mechanism reversal process;
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of electronic control part;
In figure: 1-base, 2-support, 3-casing, 4-differential mechanism, 5-handle, 6-draw ring, 7-brake rod, 8-spring, 9-block rubber, 10-flexure strip, 11-limited block, 12-shaft coupling, 13-output shaft A, 14-output shaft B, 15-cone gear A, 16-cone gear B, 17-taper transmission gear, 18-cross recess, 19-bolt, 20-main shaft, 21-reversion dish, 22-countershaft, 23-transparent plate, 24-driving lever, 25-follower lever, 26-transmission shaft, 27-gear wheel, 28-pinion wheel, 29-cam disc, 30-push rod, 31-push-rod frame.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is done to detailed specific description, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following examples.
Embodiment 1
In the present embodiment, provide for simulating the combined appliance for teaching of reversal process for the inversion principle of simulation deduction four-bar mechanism.In the present embodiment, provide for simulate reversal process combined appliance for teaching one-piece construction as shown in Figure 1, by base 1, support 2, casing 3, driver part and four-bar mechanism analog component, formed, wherein casing 3 and support 2 are fixedly mounted on base 1, support 2 is arranged in casing 3, and driver part and four-bar mechanism analog component are installed in casing 3 and are fixed on support 2.
The structure of described driver part as shown in Figure 2, at least comprise differential mechanism 4, handle 5, output shaft and clamping device, handle 5 is arranged on a sidewall of casing 3, handle 5 is connected and is with driven input shaft to rotate with the input shaft of differential mechanism 4 by shaft coupling 12, two output shafts of differential mechanism 4 are towards the left and right sides, and be respectively output shaft A13 and output shaft B14, wherein on output shaft A13 and output shaft B14, all cover has cone gear, be respectively cone gear A15 and cone gear B16, output shaft A13 is with cone gear A15 clearance fit and can relatively rotate between the two, between output shaft B14 and cone gear B16, key is connected, between cone gear A15 and cone gear B16, be also provided with the taper transmission gear 17 with both engagements, when rotating, output shaft B drives cone gear B rotation, cone gear B drives cone gear A to rotate around output shaft A by taper transmission gear.
Described clamping device is provided with two, is arranged on respectively output shaft A13 and output shaft B14 upper, for controlling the rotation of output shaft A and output shaft B, described clamping device adopts the tight block brake of spring, this device comprises brake rod 7, spring 8, two block rubbers 9 and two flexure strips 10, wherein block rubber 9 is fixed on flexure strip 10, two block rubbers are clipped in output shaft between the two jointly, two flexure strips 10 are provided with the corresponding through hole in position, brake rod 7 passes the through hole on two flexure strips and can in through hole, move, the inner of brake rod 7 is provided with the limited block 11 that width is greater than through-hole diameter, the outer end of brake rod 7 is by stretching out outwardly on casing, and the outer end of brake rod is provided with draw ring 6, spring 8 is enclosed within on the brake rod 7 between two flexure strips 10, wherein two flexure strips 10 are all fixed on base 1, when pulling out brake rod, the relative motion under the effect of limited block of two flexure strips, thereby two block rubbers are by output shaft double team between, stop output shaft rotation.
The top of output shaft A13 is provided with cross recess 18, is installed with bolt 19 on the lateral wall of cone gear A15.The structure of described four-bar mechanism analog component as shown in Figure 3, at least comprise main shaft 20, countershaft 22, reversion dish 21, transparent plate 23, driving lever 24, follower lever 25 and transmission shaft 26, reversion dish 21 is enclosed within on main shaft 20 and between the two and can relatively rotates, main shaft 20 is arranged on output shaft A13, and the top of main shaft 20 is provided with the cross key with cross recess 18 phase interlocks, output shaft A13 drives main shaft 20 rotations; Reversion dish 21 is fixedly connected with the bolt 19 on cone gear A15 lateral wall, and cone gear A15 drives 21 rotations of reversion dish by bolt 19.Transparent plate 23 and reversion dish 21 parallel, main shaft 20, countershaft 22 and transmission shaft 26 are installed between transparent plate 23 and reversion dish 21, driving lever 24 and follower lever 25 are arranged on respectively on the end of main shaft 20 and countershaft 22, and parallel with transparent panel 23, main shaft 20, two spur gears are all installed on countershaft 22 and transmission shaft 26, two spur gears are respectively gear wheel 27 and pinion wheel 28, and be fixedly connected with between gear wheel 27 and pinion wheel 28, wherein main shaft is corresponding with the installation site of gear wheel on countershaft and pinion wheel, driven shaft is between main shaft and countershaft, and driven shaft can move axially, when driven shaft advances in casing vertically, gear wheel on it is meshed with the pinion wheel on main shaft and countershaft, when driven shaft is pulled out casing vertically, pinion wheel on it is meshed with the gear wheel on main shaft and countershaft.
In the present embodiment, the reversal process principle of four-bar mechanism as shown in Figure 4, according to diagram, we can find out that reversal process step is, when driving lever AB is clockwise after A point rotates α angle, four-bar mechanism are just changed, making ABCD integral body rotate counterclockwise β angle around D point, is two steps altogether.And purpose of design of the present invention is: when guaranteeing above requirement, the synthetic step of two steps is realized, when AB rotates α angle, frame is rotated β angle simultaneously.
When transmission shaft being carried out to axial location transfer, should guarantee the accurate of position, also to consider transmission shaft axial restraint.In the present embodiment, between transmission shaft and reversion dish, there is copper sheathing, for reducing friction.In transmission shaft and reversion dish cooperation place, on transmission shaft, offer two conical annular grooves, corresponding, on copper sheathing, radially make a call to two holes that diameter is more smaller than conical rings well width, spring and little steel ball are put in the inside.When the position of axial adjustment transmission shaft, little steel ball coordinates with the annular groove on axle respectively, neither affects the rotation of axle, also can reach the object of axial location.
Deduction reversal process principle: when the pinion wheel on transmission shaft participates in engagement, this mechanism forms a planet circular system, from driver part, obtain power, countershaft and the follower lever that is arranged on its end self also turn over clockwise certain angle when spindle axis counterclockwise is reversed, and now main shaft maintains static moving; When transmission shaft, countershaft be not when main shaft rotates, now the driving lever of main shaft and end thereof clockwise rotates, and by the transmission of gear, the follower lever of countershaft and end thereof also turns over corresponding angle clockwise, the angle turning over while verifying above-mentioned counterclockwise reversion.The principle of deducing when the gear wheel on transmission shaft participates in engagement and process are identical therewith, and the ratio of the angle that just two side links turn over is different.
Embodiment 2
In the present embodiment, provide for simulating the combined appliance for teaching of reversal process for the inversion principle of simulation deduction cam mechanism.In the present embodiment, provide for simulate reversal process combined appliance for teaching one-piece construction as shown in Figure 5, by base 1, support 2, casing 3, driver part and cam mechanism analog component, formed, wherein casing 3 and support 2 are fixedly mounted on base 1, support 2 is arranged in casing 3, and driver part and four-bar mechanism analog component are installed in casing 3 and are fixed on support 2.
As shown in Figure 2, in the present embodiment, the structure of driver part is in the same manner as in Example 1 for the structure of described driver part, does not do tired stating.
The top of output shaft A13 is provided with cross recess 18, is installed with bolt 19 on the lateral wall of cone gear A15.The structure of described cam mechanism analog component as shown in Figure 6, comprise main shaft 20, reversion dish 21, cam disc 29, push rod 30 and push-rod frame 31, reversion dish 21 is enclosed within on main shaft 20 and between the two and can relatively rotates, main shaft 20 is arranged on output shaft A13, and the top of main shaft 20 is provided with the cross key with cross recess 18 phase interlocks, output shaft A drives main shaft rotation; Reversion dish 21 is fixedly connected with the bolt 19 on cone gear A15 lateral wall, and cone gear A15 drives 21 rotations of reversion dish by bolt 19.Reversion dish 21 is arranged on the sidewall of casing 3 and is rotatable, and cam disc 29 is fixed on the outer end of main shaft 20 and rotates with the axis, and it is 21 parallel that cam disc 29 and reversion are coiled, and push-rod frame 31 is fixed on reversion dish 29, and push rod 30 is arranged in push-rod frame 31.
In described combined appliance for teaching, be also provided with electronic control part, as shown in Figure 8, described electronic control part comprises rotary encoder, driver, single-chip microcomputer and stepper motor, described rotary encoder is arranged on handle, for obtaining rotational speed and the sense of rotation of handle, described stepper motor is installed on push-rod frame, controls pushrod movement, rotary encoder is connected the parameter of obtaining is transferred to single-chip microcomputer with single-chip microcomputer, and single-chip microcomputer moves by driver control stepper motor.
In the present embodiment, the reversal process principle of cam mechanism as shown in Figure 7, according to diagram, when cam with ω when axle O rotates counterclockwise, push rod is realized desired movement under the promotion of cam.Now imagine to whole cam mechanism and add a common angles speed-ω, it is clockwise rotated around axle center O.At this moment the relative motion between cam and push rod does not change, but cam transfixion now, push rod rotates around axle center O with angular velocity-ω with its guide rail on the one hand, does again on the one hand moving back and forth of expecting in guide rail.Like this, push rod is in this compound motion, and the movement locus on its pinnacle is cam profile curve.
According to above-mentioned analysis, when design cam contour, can suppose cam transfixion, and push rod is done return motion with respect to cam edge-ω direction, in its guide rail, do again the motion of expecting simultaneously, the a series of positions of push rod have so just been made, by occupied position I, the II in its pinnacle ... be linked to be smooth curve, the cam profile that Here it is requires.
Deduction reversal process principle is as follows: in order to realize above function, we adopt linear stepping motor accurately to control push rod with respect to the radially to-and-fro movement of cam disc, depict cam contour during push rod return motion on cam disc.Push rod and stepper motor are arranged on push-rod frame, and push-rod frame obtains power from driver part, drive push rod and stepper motor reversion, and push rod is done predetermined radially to-and-fro movement under the control of stepper motor, describes cam contour; Then push-rod frame is motionless, cam disc forward, and push rod is done radially to-and-fro movement simultaneously, and its characteristics of motion is consistent with the cam contour of depicting, checking cam contour.
Claims (5)
1. one kind for simulating the combined appliance for teaching of reversal process, it is characterized in that: this combined appliance for teaching is by base, support, casing, driver part and analog component form, wherein casing and support are fixedly mounted on base, support is arranged in casing, driver part and analog component are installed in casing and are fixed on support, described driver part at least comprises differential mechanism, handle, output shaft and clamping device, handle is arranged on a sidewall of casing, handle is connected with the input shaft of differential mechanism by shaft coupling and is with driven input shaft to rotate, two output shafts of differential mechanism are towards the left and right sides, and be respectively output shaft A and output shaft B, wherein on output shaft A and output shaft B, all cover has cone gear, be respectively cone gear A and cone gear B, output shaft A is with cone gear A clearance fit and can relatively rotate between the two, between output shaft B and cone gear B, key is connected, between cone gear A and cone gear B, be also provided with the taper transmission gear with both engagements, when rotating, output shaft B drives cone gear B rotation, cone gear B drives cone gear A to rotate around output shaft A by taper transmission gear, the top of output shaft A is provided with cross recess, on the lateral wall of cone gear A, is installed with bolt, described clamping device is provided with two, is arranged on respectively output shaft A and output shaft B upper, for controlling the rotation of output shaft A and output shaft B, in described analog component, at least include main shaft and reversion dish, reversion dish is enclosed within on main shaft and between the two and can relatively rotates, and it is upper that main shaft is arranged on output shaft A, and the top of main shaft is provided with the cross key with the interlock of cross recess phase, and output shaft A drives main shaft rotation, reversion dish is fixedly connected with the bolt on cone gear A lateral wall, and cone gear A drives reversion disc spins by bolt, and described analog component is specially four-bar mechanism analog component or cam mechanism analog component.
2. according to claim 1 for simulating the combined appliance for teaching of reversal process, it is characterized in that: described clamping device adopts the tight block brake of spring, this device comprises brake rod, spring, two block rubbers and two flexure strips, wherein block rubber is fixed on flexure strip, two block rubbers are clipped in output shaft between the two jointly, two flexure strips are provided with the corresponding through hole in position, brake rod passes the through hole on two flexure strips and can in through hole, move, the inner of brake rod is provided with the limited block that width is greater than through-hole diameter, the outer end of brake rod is by stretching out outwardly on casing, and the outer end of brake rod is provided with draw ring, spring housing is on the brake rod between two flexure strips, two flexure strips are all fixed on base, when pulling out brake rod, the relative motion under the effect of limited block of two flexure strips, thereby two block rubbers are by output shaft double team between, stop output shaft rotation.
3. according to claim 1 for simulating the combined appliance for teaching of reversal process, it is characterized in that: described four-bar mechanism analog component comprises main shaft, countershaft, reversion dish, transparent plate, driving lever, follower lever and transmission shaft, transparent plate and reversion dish parallel, main shaft, countershaft and transmission shaft are installed between transparent plate and reversion dish, driving lever and follower lever are arranged on respectively on the end of main shaft and countershaft, and parallel with transparent panel, main shaft, two spur gears are all installed on countershaft and transmission shaft, two spur gears are respectively gear wheel and pinion wheel, and be fixedly connected with between gear wheel and pinion wheel, wherein main shaft is corresponding with the installation site of gear wheel on countershaft and pinion wheel, transmission shaft is between main shaft and countershaft, and transmission shaft can move axially, when transmission shaft advances in casing vertically, gear wheel on it is meshed with the pinion wheel on main shaft and countershaft, when transmission shaft is pulled out casing vertically, pinion wheel on it is meshed with the gear wheel on main shaft and countershaft.
4. according to claim 1 for simulating the combined appliance for teaching of reversal process, it is characterized in that: described cam mechanism analog component comprises main shaft, reversion dish, cam disc, push rod and push-rod frame, wherein reversion dish is arranged on the sidewall of casing and is rotatable, cam disc is fixed on the outer end of main shaft and rotates with the axis, cam disc is parallel with reversion dish, push-rod frame is fixed on reversion dish, and push rod is arranged in push-rod frame.
5. according to claim 4 for simulating the combined appliance for teaching of reversal process, it is characterized in that: in described combined appliance for teaching, be also provided with electronic control part, described electronic control part comprises rotary encoder, driver, single-chip microcomputer and stepper motor, described rotary encoder is arranged on handle, for obtaining rotational speed and the sense of rotation of handle, described stepper motor is installed on push-rod frame, control pushrod movement, rotary encoder is connected the parameter of obtaining is transferred to single-chip microcomputer with single-chip microcomputer, and single-chip microcomputer moves by driver control stepper motor.
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| CN201410193750.5A CN103943022B (en) | 2014-05-09 | 2014-05-09 | A kind of combined appliance for teaching for simulating reversal process |
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| CN201410193750.5A CN103943022B (en) | 2014-05-09 | 2014-05-09 | A kind of combined appliance for teaching for simulating reversal process |
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| CN104282218A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2015-01-14 | 浙江理工大学 | Multi-mechanism single-model teaching tool for mechanical principle reversal method |
| CN104299508A (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-01-21 | 西安科技大学 | Cam profile curve plotting demonstration instrument |
| CN104318853A (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2015-01-28 | 南昌航空大学 | Cam reverse rotation principle demonstration instrument |
| CN104332096A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2015-02-04 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Direct-acting follower cam-gear train combination teaching aid |
| CN104332095A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2015-02-04 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Swing follower cam-gear train combination teaching aid |
| CN104346990A (en) * | 2014-11-23 | 2015-02-11 | 王齐贤 | Novel wheel train training aid |
| CN105448180A (en) * | 2015-12-26 | 2016-03-30 | 四川科技职业学院 | Teaching demonstration device of wire winding device |
| CN110111644A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-08-09 | 长沙师范学院 | A kind of Portable musical instrument that can adjust dynamics refers to power exercise device |
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