CN104318853B - Cam inversion principle demonstrator - Google Patents

Cam inversion principle demonstrator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104318853B
CN104318853B CN201410664486.9A CN201410664486A CN104318853B CN 104318853 B CN104318853 B CN 104318853B CN 201410664486 A CN201410664486 A CN 201410664486A CN 104318853 B CN104318853 B CN 104318853B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
cam
bearing
push rod
shaft
installing plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN201410664486.9A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN104318853A (en
Inventor
朱保利
余小灵
屈齐昌
陈江明
宋君
钟华
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Nanchang Hangkong University
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Nanchang Hangkong University
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Publication date
Application filed by Nanchang Hangkong University filed Critical Nanchang Hangkong University
Priority to CN201410664486.9A priority Critical patent/CN104318853B/en
Publication of CN104318853A publication Critical patent/CN104318853A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN104318853B publication Critical patent/CN104318853B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09BEDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B25/00Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B25/02Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes of industrial processes; of machinery

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of cam inversion principle demonstrator, the first bearing and the second bearing are arranged side by side, the arranged outside of the first bearing has installing plate, installing plate top is fixed with displacement line chart board and displacement line chart board is provided with LED lamp, stepper motor is installed on support, stepper motor connects the wheel shaft of the first support outer by shaft coupling, the first guide plate is installed directly over installing plate, one end of the first push rod is provided with the first Roller Shaft, the other end is fixedly equipped with the first pointer, and driving gear and driven gear are connected with a joggle; On the former of driven gear, be fixed with the second guide plate, the cylindrical of the second bearing and the laminating of the periphery of right cam. The present invention can not only demonstrate cam profile curve reversal process design process, and can reflect its pushrod movement rule. By real cam just then push rod is motionless, cam is being fixed the contrast of putting together of two kinds of motion states with the pushrod movement reversion of imagination, clearly understands cam reversal process principle, the movement locus of reproduction push rod.

Description

Cam inversion principle demonstrator
Technical field
The present invention relates to mechanical principle teaching equipment, for the apparatus for demonstrating of theory of mechanics cam motion, particularly cam inversion principle demonstrator.
Background technology
The general principle of design of cam profile curve institute foundation is reversal process principle. As shown in Figure 1, be provided with directly moving pinnacle push rod disk cam mechanism of a biasing. Between the axis of its push rod and cam revolution axle center o, there is an offset distance e. When cam with angular velocity omega in the time that axle o rotates, push rod under the promotion of cam, realize expection motion. Now imagine to whole cam mechanism and add a common angles speed-ω, it is rotated around axle center o. At this moment the relative motion between cam and push rod does not change, but now cam is by transfixion, push rod rotates around axle center o with angular speed-ω with its guide rail on the one hand, passes through successively the position of a, b, c, d, does again on the other hand the reciprocating motion of expecting in guide rail. Now, push rod is in this compound motion, and its pinnacle movement locus is cam profile curve, draws cam profile curve and be the reversal process principle of design of cam profile curve according to the heterodromous track of push rod.
This cam reversal process principle is very part and parcel of mechanical principle course cam organization studies, but in teaching, can only state from theory at present, only have simple figure writing on the blackboard, and there is no concrete demonstrating model, so that the student who rigidly connects the tool of having a sudden inspiration is difficult to understand, and study has very large difficulty.
Summary of the invention
In order better to allow Students ' Learning understand the method for designing of cam inversion principle, the invention provides a kind of instructional device, can know and understand cam reversal process principle, reproduce the movement locus of push rod simultaneously.
For achieving the above object, the present invention by the following technical solutions. cam inversion principle demonstrator, comprise: framework, stepper motor, driver displacement line chart board, the below of framework is provided with leg, in framework, be fixed with base plate, on base plate, be installed with respectively support, Switching Power Supply, driver, PLC, installing plate, the first bearing and the second bearing, the first bearing and the second bearing are arranged side by side, the arranged outside of the first bearing has installing plate, installing plate top is fixed with displacement line chart board and displacement line chart board is provided with LED lamp, in the middle of installing plate, be provided with the through hole corresponding with the first bearing axis hole, wheel shaft is through through hole and the first bearing axis hole of installing plate, driving gear and left cam are housed on the wheel shaft of installing plate outer end from the inside to the outside, the first cam header board is equipped with in the outside of left cam, stepper motor is installed on support, stepper motor connects the wheel shaft of the first support outer by shaft coupling, the first guide plate is installed directly over installing plate, the centre of the first guide plate is provided with guide groove, the first push rod is housed in guide groove, one end of the first push rod is provided with the first Roller Shaft, the other end is fixedly equipped with the first pointer, clutch shaft bearing is loaded in the first Roller Shaft, the cylindrical of clutch shaft bearing and the laminating of the periphery of left cam, driving gear and driven gear are connected with a joggle, on the former of driven gear, be fixed with the second guide plate, in guide groove in the middle of the second guide plate, the second push rod is housed, one end of the second push rod is provided with the second Roller Shaft, the other end is fixedly equipped with the second pointer, the second bearing is loaded in the second Roller Shaft, the cylindrical of the second bearing and the laminating of the periphery of right cam, right cam is installed on one end of rotating shaft, the second cam header board is equipped with in the outside of right cam, driven gear is arranged on one end of hollow shaft, hollow shaft is fixed on the second bearing, and the other end of rotating shaft is through in hollow shaft and fixes by pin, Switching Power Supply connects driver, and driver connects respectively stepper motor and PLC, and PLC connects LED lamp.
The present invention is by PLC and driver control, and control system makes driving gear and driven gear gear motion under specifically arranging. Left cam running on driving gear, moves up and down the first push rod being equipped with in the first guide plate guide groove, and the displacement of the first push rod shows by LED lamp bright light on displacement line chart plate; The second push rod being equipped with in the guide groove of the second fixing guide plate on driven gear former moves up and down with gear, make circumferential movement, and right cam maintains static along right cam profile curve simultaneously, and all devices are stabilized on base plate, and base plate is positioned at again on framework.
Cam inversion principle demonstrator of the present invention, wherein said left cam rotates with driving gear, and the first push rod only moves up and down, this is forward deduction.
Cam inversion principle demonstrator of the present invention, wherein said driven gear and driving gear gear motion, the second push rod moves up and down and rotates along right cam profile curve, and right cam is motionless, this is reversion deduction.
The present invention moves up and down by the left cam rotation on driving gear and push rod, pointer, and displacement is shown on displacement line chart plate, and the demonstration of image is explained more thoroughly by principle, makes student understandable. PLC is controlled at lower drive driving gear motion is specifically set, and in the mode of dynamo-electric combination, mechanical creative design is applied in daily teaching. By the design of PLC program, make teaching aid have more good observation, can in slow motion, experience the contact between rotating principle. Fully demonstrate the reversal process principle of design of cam profile curve. Cam profile curve reversal process design process can not only be demonstrated, and its pushrod movement rule can be reflected. By real cam just then push rod is motionless, cam is fixed the contrast of putting together of two kinds of motion states with the pushrod movement reversion of imagination, knows and understands cam reversal process principle, reproduces the movement locus of push rod simultaneously.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is cam inversion principle schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the structural front view of cam inversion principle demonstrator of the present invention.
Fig. 3 be in Fig. 2 A-A to schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the left view of Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is the right view of Fig. 2.
Fig. 6 is left and right of the present invention cam mounting structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is electrical equipment functional-block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 8 a is cam inversion principle demonstrator original state schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 8 b is cam inversion principle demonstrator duty rise schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 8 c is that cam inversion principle demonstrator duty of the present invention is far stopped schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 d is cam inversion principle demonstrator duty backhaul schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 8 e is that cam inversion principle demonstrator duty of the present invention is closely stopped schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 f is cam inversion principle demonstrator reset condition schematic diagram of the present invention.
In figure: 1, framework, 2, leg, 3, base plate, 4, installing plate, 5a, the first push rod system, 5b, the second push rod system, 6, the first bearing, 7, the second bearing, 8, driven gear, 9, the second cam header board, 10a, clutch shaft bearing, 10b, the second bearing, 11a, the first guide plate, 11b, the second guide plate, 12a, the first push rod, 12b, the second push rod, 13a, the first Roller Shaft, 13b, the second Roller Shaft, 14, displacement line chart board, 15, LED lamp, 16a, the first pointer, 16b, the second pointer, 17, the first cam header board, 18, driving gear, 19, Switching Power Supply, 20, stepper motor, 21, support, 22, driver, 23, shaft coupling, 24, left cam, 25, wheel shaft, 26, right cam, 27, rotating shaft, 28, hollow shaft, 29, pin, 30, PLC.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described. referring to Fig. 2 to Fig. 7, cam inversion principle demonstrator, comprise: framework 1, stepper motor 20, driver 22 displacement line chart boards 14, the below of framework 1 is provided with leg 2, in framework 1, be fixed with base plate 3, on base plate 3, be installed with respectively support 21, Switching Power Supply 19, driver 22, PLC30, installing plate 4, the first bearing 6 and the second bearing 7, the first bearing 6 and the second bearing 7 are arranged side by side, the arranged outside of the first bearing 6 has installing plate 4, installing plate 4 tops are fixed with displacement line chart board 14 and displacement line chart board 14 is provided with LED lamp 15, in the middle of installing plate 4, be provided with the through hole corresponding with the first bearing 6 axis holes, wheel shaft 25 is through through hole and first bearing 6 axis holes of installing plate 4, driving gear 18 and left cam 24 are housed on the wheel shaft 25 of installing plate 4 outer ends from the inside to the outside, the first cam header board 17 is equipped with in the outside of left cam 24, stepper motor 20 is installed on support 21, stepper motor 20 connects the wheel shaft 25 in the first bearing 6 outsides by shaft coupling 23, the first guide plate 11a is installed directly over installing plate 4, the centre of the first guide plate 11a is provided with guide groove, the first push rod 12a is housed in guide groove, one end of the first push rod 12a is provided with the first Roller Shaft 13a, the other end is fixedly equipped with the first pointer 16a, clutch shaft bearing 10a is loaded on the first Roller Shaft 13a, the periphery laminating of the cylindrical of clutch shaft bearing 10a and left cam 24, driving gear 18 is connected with a joggle with driven gear 8, on the former of driven gear 8, be fixed with the second guide plate 11b, in guide groove in the middle of the second guide plate 11b, the second push rod 12b is housed, one end of the second push rod 12b is provided with the second Roller Shaft 13b, the other end is fixedly equipped with the second pointer 16b, the second bearing 10b is loaded on the second Roller Shaft 13b, the periphery laminating of the cylindrical of the second bearing 10b and right cam 26, right cam 26 is installed on one end of rotating shaft 27, the second cam header board 9 is equipped with in the outside of right cam 26, driven gear 8 is arranged on one end of hollow shaft 28, hollow shaft 28 is fixed on the second bearing 7, the other end of rotating shaft 27 is through in hollow shaft 28 and by pin 29 and fixes, Switching Power Supply 19 connects driver 22, and driver 22 connects respectively stepper motor 20 and PLC30, and PLC30 connects LED lamp 15.
Cam inversion principle demonstrator of the present invention, the motion of PLC30 control step motor 20, stepper motor 20 is connected with wheel shaft 25 by shaft coupling 23, and wheel shaft 25 is through the first bearing 6, and wheel shaft 25 center is fixing by shaft coupling 23 and the first bearing 6. Driving gear 18 and left cam 24 are fixed on wheel shaft 25, and the first guide plate 11a, the first push rod 12a, clutch shaft bearing 10a, the first Roller Shaft 13a and the first pointer 16a form the first push rod system 5a, and are fixed on installing plate 4. When driving gear 18 turns round, left cam 24 rotates and promotes clutch shaft bearing 10a the first push rod 12a is moved up and down, and the first pointer 16a also just points out that in first cam header board 17(Fig. 2, ringlet is cam, and great circle is pitch curve) profile. LED lamp 15 on displacement line chart board 14 is lighted successively from right to left, has showed the characteristics of motion of push rod. Above-mentioned part is cam forward.
Be illustrated in figure 7 the electric control system of cam inversion principle demonstrator of the present invention, comprise Switching Power Supply 19, stepper motor 20, driver 22, PLC30. Switching Power Supply 19 connects driver 22, and driver 22 connects respectively stepper motor 20 and PLC30, and PLC30 connects LED lamp 15. The driver 22 that Switching Power Supply 19 is stepper motor 20, the electric current that PLC30 provides suitable size, PLC30 downloads and has stored after program, send to driver 22 signal of controlling size and Orientation, sent the pulse of instruction speed and direction to stepper motor 20 by driver 22, the speed of control step motor 20 and turning to, thus realize the action of stepper motor 20. PLC30 also controls the LED lamp 15 on displacement line chart plate 14 simultaneously, by bright order and the time of programme-control lamp writing. This electric control system combines with mechanical part, has ideally shown electromechanical integrated product.
Driven gear 8 is connected with hollow shaft 28, and rotating shaft 27 is through hollow shaft 28. Right cam 26 is fixed in rotating shaft 27, and rotating shaft 27 is fixed on base plate 3 by pin 29 again. Driving gear 18 turns round, driven gear 8 engages with it, in second cam header board 9(Fig. 2, ringlet is cam base circle, great circle is pitch curve), the second push rod system 5b of the second guide plate 11b, the second push rod 12b, the second bearing 10b, the second Roller Shaft 13b, the second pointer 16b composition, and be installed on driven gear 8. Driving gear 18 turns round, and driven gear 8 engages and does counter motion with driving gear 18, and driven gear 8 promotes the second bearing 10b moves up and down the second push rod 12b of the second push rod system 5b, does circumferentially running along right cam 26 contour curves simultaneously. Above-mentioned part is cam reversion.
As shown in Figure 2, first and second guide block 11a, 11b, first and second push rod 12a, 12b, first and second bearing 10a, 10b, first and second Roller Shaft 13a, 13b, first and second pointer 16a, 16b two push rod systems of corresponding formation respectively. The first guide plate 11a is fixed on installing plate 4, the second guide plate 11b is arranged on driven gear 8, first and second Roller Shaft 13a, 13b correspondence are arranged on first and second bearing 10a, 10b on first and second push rod 12a, 12b, first and second push rod 12a, 12b can be moved up and down in the guide groove of first and second guide plate 11a, 11b, first and second pointer 16a, 16b are arranged on first and second push rod 12a, 12b, along with first and second push rod 12a, 12b motion, indicate the contour curve of cam simultaneously.
As shown in Figure 2, driving gear 18 and driven gear 8 engagement composition gear drives, driving gear 18 and left cam 24 turn round with wheel shaft 25, and the first push rod system 5a is arranged on installing plate 4, left cam 24 rotates, and the first push rod 12a of the first push rod system 5a only moves up and down. The second push rod system 5b is installed on driven gear 8, and driven gear 8 turns round, and the second push rod system 5b moves up and down along right cam 26, makes circumferential movement along right cam 26 profiles simultaneously.
As shown in Figure 2, when left cam 24 rotates, the first push rod 12a of the first push rod system 5a moves up and down, and drives the first pointer 16a to move up and down the position of the motion outline of instruction cam; Because right cam 26 maintains static, in the time that driven gear 8 rotates, be fixedly mounted on the second guide plate 11b on driven gear 8 formers, the second push rod 12b in described the second guide plate 11b can move up and down because right cam 26 outers promote the second bearing 10b, the second bearing 10b also makes circumferential movement along the profile of right cam 26, thereby makes the second pointer 16b move up and down the position of the motion outline of instruction cam.
As shown in Figure 2, driving gear 18 forwards, driven gear 8 are engaged with reversion, while turning to certain position, on displacement line chart board 14, the LED lamp 15 of correspondence position brightens from right to left successively, indicates the first push rod system 5a and the corresponding displacement of the second push rod system 5b.
The cam inversion principle demonstrator course of work of the present invention, with reference to sketch 8a to 8f, describes as an example of the left side the first cam mechanism moving situation example, and the right cam mechanism motion conditions is with reference to described left side cam mechanism motion state.
As shown in Figure 8 a, be the initialization state of cam inversion principle demonstrator demonstration of the present invention, after switching on power, the first lamp bright (can establish this for green light) in indication LED lamp 15 on displacement line chart board 14, as power supply indicator and rise stage indicator lamp.
As shown in Figure 8 b, be the rise stage of cam inversion principle demonstrator demonstration of the present invention. When initial position, left cam 24 contacts with clutch shaft bearing 10a, is now the extreme lower position of the first push rod 12a. Stepper motor 20 drives wheel shaft 25 to rotate, left cam 24 is also along with rotation, clutch shaft bearing 10a motion, owing to being now rise state, the first pointer 16a moves up, until the first push rod 12a arrives highest position, now the second lamp bright (from right to left) in rise indication LED lamp 15 on displacement line chart board 14. The process that the first push rod 12a is pulled to extreme higher position by extreme lower position is called rise.
As shown in Figure 8 c, be that the far away of cam inversion principle demonstrator demonstration of the present invention stopped the stage. After the rise stage finishes, push rod arrives extreme higher position. Left cam 24 is rotated further, and clutch shaft bearing 10a is motionless, and the first push rod 12a is motionless, and displacement is zero, the first pointer 16a instruction cam displacement, and on displacement line chart board 14, in LED lamp 15, the 3rd lamp and the bright instruction of the 4th lamp are far stopped. Because this cam contour is one section of circular arc taking cam center as the center of circle, the first push rod 12a will be in extreme higher position transfixion, and this process is called far stops.
As shown in Fig. 8 d, it it is the backhaul stage of cam inversion principle demonstrator demonstration of the present invention. Arrive extreme lower position at far away final stage the first push rod 12a that stops, left cam 24 is rotated further, and the first push rod 12a moves from top to bottom, the first pointer 16a instruction cam displacement, on displacement line chart board 14 in backhaul indication LED lamp 15 the 5th lamp and the 6th lamp bright. The first push rod 12a gets back to extreme lower position from extreme higher position, and this process is called backhaul.
As shown in Fig. 8 e, be that the near of cam inversion principle demonstrator demonstration of the present invention stopped the stage. Arrive extreme lower position at backhaul stage first push rod 12a, left cam 24 is rotated further, clutch shaft bearing 10a is motionless, the first push rod 12a is motionless, displacement is zero, the first pointer 16a instruction cam displacement, and on displacement line chart board 14, in nearly not indication LED lamp 15, the 7th lamp, the 8th lamp and the 9th lamp are bright. because this cam contour is one section of circular arc taking cam center as the center of circle, the first push rod 12a will be in extreme lower position transfixion, and this process is called closely stops.
As shown in Fig. 8 f, be the whole motion completion status figure of cam inversion principle demonstrator of the present invention. After the nearly process of stopping finishes, on displacement line chart board 14, in indication LED lamp 15, all lamps are all shinny, until EP (end of program) or cut off the electricity supply.
In the present invention, control assembly model is as follows:
1, controller: adopt Programmable Logic Controller PLC/CPU224XP transistor-type;
2, stepper motor: adopt 57H56 stepper motor;
3, driver: adopt CY-6560-A6L stepper motor driver;
4, Switching Power Supply model is: NES-150-24.
In the present invention, mechanical part material is as follows:
1, mechanical part: cam, gear (m=1, z=120), wheel shaft, rotating shaft, hollow shaft, Roller Shaft, base plate, installing plate, push rod are nylon material;
2, shaft coupling, the support of SK35 vertical shaft, cuboid aluminum section bar frame are aluminium alloy;
3, displacement line chart board is lucite; Screw, nut, pin are Q235;
4, guide plate, cam header board, pointer adopt iron plate or aluminium sheet to make.

Claims (1)

1. cam inversion principle demonstrator, comprise: framework, stepper motor, driver, displacement line chart board, it is being characterised in that, the below of framework is provided with leg, in framework, be fixed with base plate, on base plate, be installed with respectively support, Switching Power Supply, driver, PLC, installing plate, the first bearing and the second bearing, the first bearing and the second bearing are arranged side by side, the arranged outside of the first bearing has installing plate, installing plate top is fixed with displacement line chart board and displacement line chart board is provided with LED lamp, in the middle of installing plate, be provided with the through hole corresponding with the first bearing axis hole, wheel shaft is through through hole and the first bearing axis hole of installing plate, driving gear and left cam are housed on the wheel shaft of installing plate outer end from the inside to the outside, the first cam header board is equipped with in the outside of left cam, stepper motor is installed on support, stepper motor connects the wheel shaft of the first support outer by shaft coupling, the first guide plate is installed directly over installing plate, the centre of the first guide plate is provided with guide groove, the first push rod is housed in guide groove, one end of the first push rod is provided with the first Roller Shaft, the other end is fixedly equipped with the first pointer, clutch shaft bearing is loaded in the first Roller Shaft, the cylindrical of clutch shaft bearing and the laminating of the periphery of left cam, driving gear and driven gear are connected with a joggle, on the former of driven gear, be fixed with the second guide plate, in guide groove in the middle of the second guide plate, the second push rod is housed, one end of the second push rod is provided with the second Roller Shaft, the other end is fixedly equipped with the second pointer, the second bearing is loaded in the second Roller Shaft, the cylindrical of the second bearing and the laminating of the periphery of right cam, right cam is installed on one end of rotating shaft, the second cam header board is equipped with in the outside of right cam, driven gear is arranged on one end of hollow shaft, hollow shaft is fixed on the second bearing, and the other end of rotating shaft is through in hollow shaft and fixes by pin, Switching Power Supply connects driver, and driver connects respectively stepper motor and PLC, and PLC connects LED lamp.
CN201410664486.9A 2014-11-20 2014-11-20 Cam inversion principle demonstrator Expired - Fee Related CN104318853B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201410664486.9A CN104318853B (en) 2014-11-20 2014-11-20 Cam inversion principle demonstrator

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201410664486.9A CN104318853B (en) 2014-11-20 2014-11-20 Cam inversion principle demonstrator

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CN104318853B true CN104318853B (en) 2016-05-04

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104732866B (en) * 2015-04-08 2017-05-10 武汉科技大学 Disc cam profile design teaching demonstration and motion characteristic measuring instrument
CN111627300B (en) * 2020-05-21 2022-03-01 河海大学常州校区 Lisa looks like presentation device of picture formation principle

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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KR20100137703A (en) * 2009-06-23 2010-12-31 김인옥 One touch clamping apparatus for practical training materials
CN103680286A (en) * 2013-12-25 2014-03-26 周帅 Multifunctional cam mechanism teaching tool
CN103943022B (en) * 2014-05-09 2016-01-06 中国地质大学(武汉) A kind of combined appliance for teaching for simulating reversal process
CN104091512A (en) * 2014-07-15 2014-10-08 南京理工大学 Push rod movement and cam profile forming demonstration device based on differential gear train
CN204130070U (en) * 2014-11-20 2015-01-28 南昌航空大学 Cam inversion principle demonstrator

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