CN103940637A - Surface runoff collection apparatus and use method thereof - Google Patents

Surface runoff collection apparatus and use method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103940637A
CN103940637A CN201410078217.4A CN201410078217A CN103940637A CN 103940637 A CN103940637 A CN 103940637A CN 201410078217 A CN201410078217 A CN 201410078217A CN 103940637 A CN103940637 A CN 103940637A
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China
Prior art keywords
gatherer
water
rainwash
rising pipe
water inlet
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CN201410078217.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王毅力
胡威
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Beijing Forestry University
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Beijing Forestry University
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Priority to CN201410078217.4A priority Critical patent/CN103940637A/en
Publication of CN103940637A publication Critical patent/CN103940637A/en
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a surface runoff collection apparatus and a use method thereof. The structure of the surface runoff collection apparatus comprises a collector, a water guide pipe and a capacity device, wherein the collector is separated into a buffer device and a precipitator through a filtration screen, the height of the front baffle of the collector is lower than the height of the collector, the back portion of the front baffle is tightly close to a sliding baffle connected with a water introduction plate, the rear baffle of the collector is provided with a timer and a water outlet pipe, the water outlet pipe is connected with a water outlet hole, a rain baffle is arranged above the timer and the water outlet pipe, a water inlet pipe is arranged above the capacity device, and the water guide pipe is connected with the water outlet pipe and the water inlet pipe so as to be connected with the collector and the capacity device. According to the present invention, when the apparatus is used, a pit for placing a sampling device is dig, the sliding baffle is adjusted to adapt to the depth of the pit, and the water introduction plate covers on the soil surface; and the surface runoff collection apparatus has characteristics of simple structure, low cost, easy carrying, easy operation, low environmental damage and simple pretreatment, and is suitable for sampling of surface runoff in different places and different terrains.

Description

A kind of rainwash harvester and using method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to water resource and environmental protection technical field, be specifically related to a kind of rainwash harvester and using method thereof.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of China's economic society, widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area has become and has caused the especially principal element of water environment pollution of China's environmental pollution, and its a series of environment bringing, economic problems have caused very big concern both domestic and external.Research shows, in agricultural production, the loss of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer is the topmost source of widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area, in water body, the nitrogen of too high levels, phosphorus cause that algae and other planktonic organism breed rapidly, water body dissolved oxygen amount declines, fish and other biological mass mortality, serious pollution and destroyed aquatic ecosystem.Show according to national statistics office data, it is 5838.9 ten thousand t that China's agrochemical in 2012 is used pure amount, wherein nitrogenous fertilizer 2399.9 ten thousand t, phosphate fertilizer 828.6 ten thousand t.But the utilization ratio of chemical fertilizer is lower, nitrogenous fertilizer is generally lower than 30%, and phosphate fertilizer is generally lower than 15%.A large amount of unemployed nitrogen, phosphorus Nutrient rainwash and seepage are lost in river and lake, have polluted soil and water.
The rainwash that rainfall causes is the significant process of agricultural nonpoint source pollution, the nutrient such as nitrogen, phosphorus in farmland is one of main path of nitrogen and phosphorus loss with rainfall runoff to the migration of water body, is also the main cause that causes widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area and then cause the surface water body eutrophication such as rivers and lakes.Therefore researcher attaches great importance to research and the monitoring to runoff both at home and abroad, and research and observation process must relate to the collection of runoff water sample, makes runoff sampling apparatus obtain application very widely.At present domestic the collection of runoff water sample is mostly undertaken by runoff collecting pit, runoff collecting pit can gather the runoff water sample in larger region, also the pollutant kind and the concentration that can Accurate Determining gather water sample, be applicable to long term monitoring, but also have its weak point simultaneously:
1) runoff collecting pit is generally brick mix structure, builds area large, causes investment amount large.
2) runoff collecting pit needs background soil to transform in process of construction, has destroyed the soil environment in region, is difficult to restore to the original state.
3) runoff collecting pit area is large, easily accumulates various impurity at the bottom of pond, needs frequent clean.
4) when run-off is larger in region, overflow phenomena easily occurs, underground water table rising simultaneously may be infiltrated in pond, causes runoff pollution species and the concentration of collecting to produce larger error.
5) runoff collecting pit lacks suitable pre-service, and all kinds of impurity easily adulterates.
6) runoff collecting pit position is fixed, and is not suitable for carrying out the runoff water collection of field short time.
A kind of simple and easy flow path surface of patent of invention of Inst. of Soil & Fertilizer, Guangdong Prov. Academy of Agricultural Science is measured and footpath flow liquid harvester (CN102346059), simplify many to specific run off collecting pit, more convenient to operate, but still can only gather the water sample of fixed position, can not carry, be not suitable for field multipoint acquisition.A kind of low interference sheet flow sampler of utility model patent (CN201607350) of Shenyang Inst. of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences's exploitation, simple in structure, be easy to carry, but lack suitable pre-service measure, easily make the water sample gathering be mixed with all kinds of impurity.
Therefore, design a kind of with low cost, be easy to carry, welding, the harvester that can quick and precisely collect runoff water sample in feature region are not very necessary.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the weak point that above-mentioned prior art exists, a kind of rainwash harvester and using method thereof are provided, that this harvester has is simple in structure, with low cost, be easy to carry, little to environmental disruption, clean easily, do not have overflow and underground water to disturb, can carry out simple pretreated feature.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of rainwash harvester, formed by gatherer, aqueduct and Container, it is characterized in that, described gatherer is divided into impact damper and settling vessel by screen pack, the front apron height of described gatherer is lower than gatherer height, the slide damper that is connected with Diversion Plate is close at front apron back, gatherer backboard is provided with timer and rising pipe, rising pipe connects apopore, timer and rising pipe top are provided with weather shield, described Container top is provided with water inlet pipe, and aqueduct is by connecting rising pipe with water inlet pipe and then being connected gatherer and Container.
Described slide damper and Diversion Plate closely link together by welding, form right angle.
Described slide damper is embedded in filler rod, and filler rod inwall and slide damper sidewall are coarse flour milling, drives slide damper to slide by stretching Diversion Plate.
Described trap body, rising pipe, water inlet pipe are made up of transparent rigid plastic.Accumulator volumes is 30-100L, and rising pipe, water inlet pipe caliber are 5-15mm.
Described aqueduct is made up of plastic flexible pipe, and aqueduct caliber is 5-15mm.
Described water delivering orifice is connected by water-tight adhesive tape with water inlet pipe with rising pipe, water inlet.
Described rising pipe has certain distance apart from gatherer bottom, makes settling vessel bring into play its precipitation function.
On described Container, be provided with level scale line.
Described screen pack can be changed according to actual conditions the screen cloth of different pore size.
A using method for above-mentioned harvester, step is as follows:
1) before sampling, use distilled water by clean sampling apparatus internal washing, avoid the runoff water sample collecting to be mixed with impurity.
2) in the pickup area that need to measure runoff water sample, select slope aspect downside place, dig a diameter 50-80cm, the little heatable adobe sleeping platform of degree of depth 20-30cm.
3) sampling apparatus is put in heatable adobe sleeping platform, towards runoff flow direction, regulates slide damper height by stretching Diversion Plate, then Diversion Plate is buckled in to native face, make runoff water sample flow into gatherer along Diversion Plate.
4) runoff water sample first enters impact damper through Diversion Plate, after the impurity such as filter screen elimination silt, plant residue, enter settling vessel, press timer and start timing there being runoff water sample to enter Container moment, sampling quantity is pressed timer after reaching requirement again, acquisition time data, record volume of water sample according to level scale line simultaneously.
5) after sampling finishes, heatable adobe sleeping platform is filled and led up with original soil, sampling apparatus is cleaned up with distilled water.
A kind of rainwash harvester of the present invention, compared with the prior aries such as runoff collecting pit, tool has the following advantages and effect:
1) apparatus of the present invention are simple in structure, with low cost, and floor area is little.
2) apparatus of the present invention volume is little, installs simply, destroys little to soil and surrounding environment.
3) apparatus of the present invention runoff water is easy to gather, easy to clean after gathering.
4) phenomenon of osmosis that overflow phenomena when apparatus of the present invention can prevent that runoff is large and underground water table rise, has guaranteed that the water sample gathering is authentic and valid.
5) apparatus of the present invention can be carried out simple pre-service, by the effect of impact damper and settling vessel, have removed the particle such as silt, plant and animal residue being mixed with in runoff water sample.
6) apparatus of the present invention are easy to carry, applied range, and applicable field acquisition of putting variously different terrain, can regulate slide damper simultaneously, makes sampling apparatus adapt to the heatable adobe sleeping platform of different depth in certain limit.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention; Fig. 2 is apparatus of the present invention filler rod and the schematic diagram that contacts of slide damper.
In figure: 1, gatherer; 2, aqueduct; 3, Container; 4, front apron; 5, slide damper; 6, Diversion Plate; 7, screen pack; 8, weather shield; 9, timer; 10, rising pipe; 11, water inlet pipe; 12, level scale line; 13, impact damper; 14, settling vessel; 15, filler rod.
Embodiment
Below embodiments of the invention are elaborated, the present embodiment is implemented under taking technical solution of the present invention as prerequisite, provided detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
the embodiment of the present invention 1, as shown in accompanying drawing 1,2, is made up of gatherer 1, aqueduct 2 and Container 3.It is characterized in that, described gatherer 1 is divided into impact damper 13 and settling vessel 14 by screen pack 7, front apron 4 height of described gatherer are lower than gatherer height, the slide damper 5 that is connected with Diversion Plate 6 is close at front apron back, gatherer backboard is provided with timer 9 and rising pipe 10, rising pipe 10 connects apopore, timer 9 is provided with weather shield 8 with rising pipe 10 tops, described Container 1 top is provided with water inlet pipe 11, and aqueduct 2 is by connecting rising pipe 10 with water inlet pipe 11 and then being connected gatherer 1 and Container 3.
Described slide damper 5 closely links together by welding with Diversion Plate 6, form right angle.
Described slide damper 5 is embedded in filler rod 15, and filler rod inwall and slide damper sidewall are coarse flour milling, drives slide damper 5 to slide by stretching Diversion Plate 6.
Described gatherer 1 main body, rising pipe 10, water inlet pipe 11 are made up of transparent rigid plastic.Gatherer 1 volume is 50L, and rising pipe, water inlet pipe caliber are 10mm.
Described aqueduct 2 is made up of plastic flexible pipe, and aqueduct 2 calibers are 10mm.
Described water delivering orifice is connected by water-tight adhesive tape with water inlet pipe 11 with rising pipe 10, water inlet.
Described rising pipe 10, apart from gatherer bottom 20cm, makes settling vessel 14 its precipitation functions of performance.
On described Container 3, be provided with level scale line 12.
The aperture of described screen pack 7 is 0.6mm.
Gatherer 1 is long is 50cm, and height is 40cm, and wide is 25cm; Front apron 4 is highly 20cm, highly identical with rising pipe 10; Slide damper 5 is highly 20cm; Screen pack 7 is 20cm apart from front apron distance; Container 3 volumes are 1.5L.
Embodiment 2:
The embodiment of the present invention 2, as shown in accompanying drawing 1,2, is made up of gatherer 1, aqueduct 2 and Container 3.It is characterized in that, described gatherer 1 is divided into impact damper 13 and settling vessel 14 by screen pack 7, front apron 4 height of described gatherer are lower than gatherer height, the slide damper 5 that is connected with Diversion Plate 6 is close at front apron back, gatherer backboard is provided with timer 9 and rising pipe 10, rising pipe 10 connects apopore, timer 9 is provided with weather shield 8 with rising pipe 10 tops, described Container 1 top is provided with water inlet pipe 11, and aqueduct 2 is by connecting rising pipe 10 with water inlet pipe 11 and then being connected gatherer 1 and Container 3.
Described slide damper 5 closely links together by welding with Diversion Plate 6, form right angle.
Described slide damper 5 is embedded in filler rod 15, and filler rod inwall and slide damper sidewall are coarse flour milling, drives slide damper 5 to slide by stretching Diversion Plate 6.
Described gatherer 1 main body, rising pipe 10, water inlet pipe 11 are made up of transparent rigid plastic.Gatherer 1 volume is 75L, and rising pipe, water inlet pipe caliber are 12mm.
Described aqueduct 2 is made up of plastic flexible pipe, and aqueduct 2 calibers are 12mm.
Described water delivering orifice is connected by water-tight adhesive tape with water inlet pipe 11 with rising pipe 10, water inlet.
Described rising pipe 10, apart from gatherer bottom 25cm, makes settling vessel 14 its precipitation functions of performance.
On described Container 3, be provided with level scale line 12.
The aperture of described screen pack 7 is 0.5mm.
Gatherer 1 grows tall and is 50cm, and wide is 30cm; Front apron 4 is highly 25cm, highly identical with rising pipe 10; Slide damper 5 is highly 25cm; Screen pack 7 is 25cm apart from front apron distance; Container 3 volumes are 2L.
Embodiment 3:
The embodiment of the present invention 3, as shown in accompanying drawing 1,2, is made up of gatherer 1, aqueduct 2 and Container 3.It is characterized in that, described gatherer 1 is divided into impact damper 13 and settling vessel 14 by screen pack 7, front apron 4 height of described gatherer are lower than gatherer height, the slide damper 5 that is connected with Diversion Plate 6 is close at front apron back, gatherer backboard is provided with timer 9 and rising pipe 10, rising pipe 10 connects apopore, timer 9 is provided with weather shield 8 with rising pipe 10 tops, described Container 1 top is provided with water inlet pipe 11, and aqueduct 2 is by connecting rising pipe 10 with water inlet pipe 11 and then being connected gatherer 1 and Container 3.
Described slide damper 5 closely links together by welding with Diversion Plate 6, forms 100 ° of angles.
Described slide damper 5 is embedded in filler rod 15, and filler rod inwall and slide damper sidewall are coarse flour milling, drives slide damper 5 to slide by stretching Diversion Plate 6.
Described gatherer 1 main body, rising pipe 10, water inlet pipe 11 are made up of transparent rigid plastic.Gatherer 1 volume is 100L, and rising pipe, water inlet pipe caliber are 15mm.
Described aqueduct 2 is made up of plastic flexible pipe, and aqueduct 2 calibers are 15mm.
Described water delivering orifice is connected by water-tight adhesive tape with water inlet pipe 11 with rising pipe 10, water inlet.
Described rising pipe 10, apart from gatherer bottom 30cm, makes settling vessel 14 its precipitation functions of performance.
On described Container 3, be provided with level scale line 12.
The aperture of described screen pack 7 is 0.4mm.
Gatherer 1 grows tall and is 50cm, and wide is 40cm; Front apron 4 is highly 30cm, highly identical with rising pipe 10; Slide damper 5 is highly 20cm; Screen pack 7 is 25cm apart from front apron distance; Container 3 volumes are 2.5L.
Embodiment 4:
A using method for above-mentioned harvester, step is as follows:
1) before sampling, use distilled water by clean sampling apparatus internal washing, avoid the runoff water sample collecting to be mixed with impurity.
2) in the pickup area that need to measure runoff water sample, select slope aspect downside place, dig a diameter 60cm, the little heatable adobe sleeping platform of degree of depth 25cm.
3) sampling apparatus is put in heatable adobe sleeping platform, towards runoff flow direction, regulates slide damper 5 height by stretching Diversion Plate 6, then Diversion Plate 6 is buckled in to native face, make runoff water sample flow into gatherer along Diversion Plate 6.
4) runoff water sample first enters impact damper through Diversion Plate 6, after the impurity such as filter screen 7 elimination silts, plant residue, enter settling vessel 14, press timer 9 and start timing there being runoff water sample to enter 3 moments of Container, sampling quantity is pressed timer 9 after reaching requirement again, acquisition time data, record volume of water sample according to level scale line 12 simultaneously.
5) after sampling finishes, heatable adobe sleeping platform is filled and led up with original soil, sampling apparatus is cleaned up with distilled water.

Claims (10)

1. a rainwash harvester, formed by gatherer, aqueduct and Container, it is characterized in that, described gatherer is divided into impact damper and settling vessel by screen pack, the front apron height of gatherer is lower than gatherer height, the slide damper that is connected with Diversion Plate is close at front apron back, gatherer backboard is provided with timer and rising pipe, rising pipe connects apopore, timer and rising pipe top are provided with weather shield, described Container top is provided with water inlet pipe, and aqueduct is by connecting rising pipe with water inlet pipe and then being connected gatherer and Container.
2. a kind of rainwash harvester according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described slide damper and Diversion Plate closely link together by welding, form right angle.
3. a kind of rainwash harvester according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described slide damper is embedded in filler rod, and filler rod inwall and slide damper sidewall are coarse flour milling, drives slide damper to slide by stretching Diversion Plate.
4. a kind of rainwash harvester according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described trap body, rising pipe, water inlet pipe are made up of transparent rigid plastic; Accumulator volumes is 30-100L, and rising pipe, water inlet pipe caliber are 5-15mm.
5. a kind of rainwash harvester according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described aqueduct is made up of plastic flexible pipe, and aqueduct caliber is 5-15mm.
6. a kind of rainwash harvester according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described water delivering orifice is connected by water-tight adhesive tape with water inlet pipe with rising pipe, water inlet.
7. a kind of rainwash harvester according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described rising pipe has certain distance apart from gatherer bottom, makes settling vessel bring into play its precipitation function.
8. a kind of rainwash harvester according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is provided with level scale line on described Container.
9. a kind of rainwash harvester according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described screen pack can be changed according to actual conditions the screen cloth of different pore size.
10. a using method for harvester according to claim 1, step is as follows:
1) before sampling, use distilled water by clean sampling apparatus internal washing, avoid the runoff water sample collecting to be mixed with impurity;
2) in the pickup area that need to measure runoff water sample, select slope aspect downside place, dig a diameter 50-80cm, the little heatable adobe sleeping platform of degree of depth 20-30cm;
3) sampling apparatus is put in heatable adobe sleeping platform, towards runoff flow direction, regulates slide damper height by stretching Diversion Plate, then Diversion Plate is buckled in to native face, make runoff water sample flow into gatherer along Diversion Plate;
4) runoff water sample first enters impact damper through Diversion Plate, after the impurity such as filter screen elimination silt, plant residue, enter settling vessel, press timer and start timing there being runoff water sample to enter Container moment, sampling quantity is pressed timer after reaching requirement again, acquisition time data, record volume of water sample according to level scale line simultaneously;
5) after sampling finishes, heatable adobe sleeping platform is filled and led up with original soil, sampling apparatus is cleaned up with distilled water.
CN201410078217.4A 2014-03-05 2014-03-05 Surface runoff collection apparatus and use method thereof Pending CN103940637A (en)

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Cited By (11)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104569318A (en) * 2015-01-27 2015-04-29 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 Sample collecting method and sample collecting device for determining utilization distribution of potassium in rice field
CN104596798A (en) * 2015-01-20 2015-05-06 同济大学 Rainfall runoff collector
CN104977188A (en) * 2015-07-21 2015-10-14 天津工业大学 Integration device for collecting lateral seepage of rice field and overland runoff
CN105136524A (en) * 2015-08-21 2015-12-09 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 Movable dry land soil runoff liquid collection apparatus
CN105649675A (en) * 2016-03-21 2016-06-08 山东农业大学 Liftable tunnel drainage blind tube trash holding box
CN106645636A (en) * 2016-10-31 2017-05-10 东北农业大学 Device for monitoring overland runoff of farmland and experiment method
CN107185302A (en) * 2017-07-12 2017-09-22 安徽省环境科学研究院 A kind of river particulate flows settler
CN107192419A (en) * 2017-05-19 2017-09-22 丽水市林业科学研究院 A kind of monitoring method of surface flow of forest amount and sediment loss amount
CN107748087A (en) * 2017-11-21 2018-03-02 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所 A kind of embedded loess diafiltration water collecting device
CN108583878A (en) * 2018-03-08 2018-09-28 成都众宜合生科技有限公司 Lake water quality based on sieve efficient sampling samples unmanned plane
CN110261186A (en) * 2019-07-19 2019-09-20 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所 A kind of karst subterranean stream water sample sampling device and the method for sampling

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CN104596798A (en) * 2015-01-20 2015-05-06 同济大学 Rainfall runoff collector
CN104569318B (en) * 2015-01-27 2016-05-11 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 A kind of for measuring sample collection method and the device of rice field potassium element whereabouts
CN104569318A (en) * 2015-01-27 2015-04-29 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 Sample collecting method and sample collecting device for determining utilization distribution of potassium in rice field
CN104977188A (en) * 2015-07-21 2015-10-14 天津工业大学 Integration device for collecting lateral seepage of rice field and overland runoff
CN105136524B (en) * 2015-08-21 2018-01-05 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 A kind of moveable dryland soil runoff collecting device
CN105136524A (en) * 2015-08-21 2015-12-09 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 Movable dry land soil runoff liquid collection apparatus
CN105649675A (en) * 2016-03-21 2016-06-08 山东农业大学 Liftable tunnel drainage blind tube trash holding box
CN106645636A (en) * 2016-10-31 2017-05-10 东北农业大学 Device for monitoring overland runoff of farmland and experiment method
CN106645636B (en) * 2016-10-31 2019-09-17 东北农业大学 It is a kind of for monitoring the device and test method of agricultural surface runoff
CN107192419A (en) * 2017-05-19 2017-09-22 丽水市林业科学研究院 A kind of monitoring method of surface flow of forest amount and sediment loss amount
CN107185302A (en) * 2017-07-12 2017-09-22 安徽省环境科学研究院 A kind of river particulate flows settler
CN107748087A (en) * 2017-11-21 2018-03-02 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所 A kind of embedded loess diafiltration water collecting device
CN108583878A (en) * 2018-03-08 2018-09-28 成都众宜合生科技有限公司 Lake water quality based on sieve efficient sampling samples unmanned plane
CN110261186A (en) * 2019-07-19 2019-09-20 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所 A kind of karst subterranean stream water sample sampling device and the method for sampling

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Application publication date: 20140723