CN103926102A - Energy pile-soil load and temperature transmission mechanism model test device and test method - Google Patents
Energy pile-soil load and temperature transmission mechanism model test device and test method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a visual energy pile-soil load and temperature transmission mechanism model test device and test method. The device is characterized by comprising a transparent model groove, a transparent energy pile which is embedded in transparent soil of simulation pile peripheral soil and pile end soil is arranged in the groove, the transparent energy pile is hollow, the pile bottom is closed, a heat transfer pipe is arranged in the pile, the heat transfer pipe is in linkage with a cold and hot circulating mechanism, a fiber bragg grating which is used for measuring the axial force deformation and temperature changes of a pile body of the transparent energy pile is embedded on the side of the transparent energy pile, a soil pressure box used for measuring the pile bottom stress of the transparent energy pile is embedded in the pile bottom, a laser source arranged on a movable mechanism is arranged on one side outside the transparent model groove, digital cameras for observing the space of the transparent model groove are arranged on the front visual face and the lookdown face outside the transparent model groove, and the digital cameras are in linkage with a processing device through data lines. The test device is easy and convenient to operate and strong in repeatability. The similarity of the soil properties of the prepared transparent soil and the natural soil is good, and the test method can be used for exploring the energy pile-soil heat transmission mechanism and a load transmission mechanism.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the model test of a kind of building pile foundation and earth source heat pump, specifically energy Pile Soil load, temperature transport mechanism model test apparatus and a test method, particularly relate to a kind of visual energy Pile Soil load, temperature transport mechanism model test apparatus and test method.
Background technology
Ground source heat pump technology, to utilize underground soil, surface water, the metastable characteristic of underground water equitemperature, by consuming a small amount of electric energy, winter the transfer of heat in low level heat energy to the place that needs heat supply or heat, in summer, indoor waste heat is transferred in low level heat energy, reached the object of cooling or refrigeration.Directly heat exchanger tube is embedded in the concrete pipe base of buildings and is called energy stake, construction procedure and underground pipe that it can effectively solve special pipe laying take the problems such as the underground space, thereby greatly save construction costs, obtain gradually in recent years engineering technical personnel's concern.But energy transfer law between Pile Soil under the effect of how to confirm cold cycling, and the affect rule of temperature on bearing capacity of pile foundation, be the key that directly affects the application of energy stake Technique Popularizing.
The different embedding manner heat accumulation of document 1 < < energy stake heat exchanger tube modeling effort > > (Zhao Songying, Deng. building energy conservation, 2012, 40 (11): 66-67, 74.), document 2 < < earth source heat pump pile foundations compare > > with boring buried tube heat exchanger heat exchange property, and (cassia tree is strong, Deng. civil construction and environmental engineering, 2013, 35 (3): 151-156.) based on numerical simulation software, analyzed energy transfer law between energy stake Pile Soil.The method can disclose under pile foundation temperature variations, the Changing Pattern in pile peripheral earth temperature field; But the analytical approach based on numerical simulation software, analysis temperature that often cannot be true and reliable owing to being limited to the factor impacts such as the selection of Soil Parameters and material constitutive model, the setting of Pile-soil contact face form and numerical model accuracy and reliability demonstration changes the rule that affects on bearing capacity of pile foundation.
The coil heat source model of document 3 < < spiral pipe laying geothermal heat exchangers and parsing > > (Li Xin thereof, Deng. thermal power engineering, 2011, 26 (4): 475-479.), document 4 < < ground heat exchangers and energy stake Study on Heat Transfer > > (Zhang Zhengwei, Deng. the 21st the academic meeting [C] of national Structural Engineering. 2012, pp:76-86.) based on theoretical analysis method, set up Pile Soil heat transfer theory computation model.The method can disclose Pile Soil energy transfer law; But the analytical approach based on theoretical model, often cannot consider energy transfer law between the Pile Soil under complicated true geological condition due to factor impacts such as boundary surface supposition, theoretical model basic assumptions.
The experimental study > > (Sun Meng of buried tube heat exchanger heat transfer property in document 5 < < diaphram walls, Deng. China Mining University's journal, 2012,41 (2): 225-230.) heat transfer property based on pipe laying in Shanghai Natural History Museum's diaphram wall has carried out site test research, analyzed the impact of pipe laying arrangement form, recirculated water flow velocity, inflow temperature and operational mode heat exchanging effect.The method can record energy transfer law between the lower Pile Soil of temperature impact really, and the lower bearing capacity of pile foundation value of temperature impact; But under conventional test condition, pile body axle power, pile body temperature and pile peripheral earth temperature are all point type, flush type, and site test somewhat expensive; Due to the difference of geologic condition, the resulting result of site test, replicability is little.
Perfluor cyclic polymer, English Cytop by name, shape of product is irregular, and by Japan AGC company (network address http://www.agcce.eu.com/Cytop.asp) research and development and production, its refractive index is 1.34, and transmittance is 95 ﹪, and unit weight is 2.03g/ ㎝
3, water absorptivity < 0.01 ﹪, linear expansion coefficient 7.4 * 10～5 ㎝/㎝/℃.Be mainly used in the diaphragm coating in semiconductor manufacture, the aspects such as communication optical fiber.
Cryolite (Cryolite) is a kind of mineral, chemistry hexafluoro sodium aluminate (Na by name
3alF
6), monoclinic system, column crystal or blocks, odorlessness, easily water suction is made moist, 1009 ℃ of fusing points, mohs hardness 2.5, density 2.97 g/㎝
3～3.0g/ ㎝
3refractive index 1.338～1.339, birefraction 0.001, positive photosensitiveness, dispersion values 0.024, vitreous luster is to oily luster, transparent, colourless, white, brown or redness, originate in and invade in gneissose grouan and pegmatite dike, the main place of production is Greenland, and the methods such as available hydrogen fluoric acid method, hydrofluosilicic acid method, carbonation method are manually synthetic.The main flux as aluminium electroloysis; Also as the anti-wear additive of abrasive product, can effectively improve emery wheel wear-resisting, cut, cut power, extend emery wheel serviceable life and storage time; The flux of ferroalloy and rimming steel, non-ferrous metal flux, the deoxidizer of casting, polymerization of olefins catalyzer, and for glass antireflecting coating, the emulsifying agent of enamel, the opalizer of glass, the filling agent of the flux ceramics of wlding, the agrochemical industry and enterprise of agricultural chemicals.
Calcium fluoride, chemical formula is CaF
2, being commonly called as fluorite or fluorite, transparency is high, and colourless crystallization or white powder, be insoluble in water, is slightly soluble in mineral acid, 1402 ℃ of fusing points, 2497 ℃ of boiling points, refractive index is 1.434, density 3.18g/cm
3.Available calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide hydrofluoric acid dissolution, gained solution is concentrated, or add fluorine ion in calcium saline solution, and obtaining the gelatinous precipitate of calcium fluoride, through refining, can obtain.Laboratory is generally with calcium carbonate and hydrofluorite effect or repeatedly process Fluorspar Powder with concentrated hydrochloric acid and hydrofluorite and prepare calcium fluoride.Be mainly used in metallurgy, chemical industry and the large industry of building materials three, secondly for light industry, optics, engraving and national defense industry.
Because perfluor cyclic polymer particle, cryolite particle, calcium fluoride particle have the high grade of transparency, the feature such as high transmission rate, low-refraction, and its practical physical mechanical property is similar to the physico-mechanical properties of natural earth particle, therefore, can in the transparent soil of preparation, be used as transparent solid material.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of visual energy Pile Soil load, temperature transport mechanism model test apparatus and test method, it can analyze energy stake Pile Soil heat-transfer mechanism under cold cycling effect more rationally, reliably, the Changing Pattern in pile peripheral earth temperature field, and the Changing Pattern of the lower bearing capacity of pile foundation of temperature impact, make it to reach the requirement to Pile Soil interaction mechanism in practical engineering application.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize its goal of the invention, a kind of energy Pile Soil load, temperature transport mechanism model test apparatus, it comprises transparent model groove, in transparent model groove, be provided with the transparent energy stake in the transparent soil that is embedded in simulation stake week soil, stake end soil, described transparent energy stake is hollow, stake underseal closes, and in transparent energy stake, is furnished with heat-transfer pipe, and described heat-transfer pipe connects with cold cycling mechanism; Transparent energy stake stake side is embedded with the fiber grating of measuring transparent energy stake pile body axle force deformation and temperature variation, the stake end, is embedded with the soil pressure cell of measuring transparent energy stake stake bottom stress, the outer side of transparent model groove is provided with the lasing light emitter being arranged in travel mechanism, the face of facing outside transparent model groove, the face of overlooking are provided with the digital camera of observable transparent model slot space, and digital camera connects with treating apparatus by data line; Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation transparent model groove forms the vertical face of transparent model groove or the laser tangent plane of surface level, by digital camera, record pile peripheral earth speckle field and transparency, determine under cold cycling effect and pile top load effect under the Changing Pattern of transparent energy stake pile peripheral earth temperature field and displacement field.
Cold cycling of the present invention mechanism comprises Water Tank with Temp.-controlled, water pump, and heat-transfer pipe connects with Water Tank with Temp.-controlled by water pump, and the thermostatted water in Water Tank with Temp.-controlled is circulated between heat-transfer pipe and Water Tank with Temp.-controlled.
Travel mechanism of the present invention comprises base, and base is provided with support, is provided with slide bar between support, and it is upper that described lasing light emitter is arranged on pole, and pole is arranged on slide bar by slide block; Described lasing light emitter can vertically move on pole, and described pole can move horizontally on slide bar, makes lasing light emitter can form at an arbitrary position the vertical face of transparent model groove or the laser tangent plane of surface level.
When need make the transparent soil of simulation saturated sand, transparent soil of the present invention it by the colourless hole liquid of perfluor cyclic polymer and identical refractive index through getting the raw materials ready, be mixed, to vacuumize step formulated, described perfluor cyclic polymer is the particle of particle diameter 0.25 ㎜～2.0 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.34, density 2.03g/ ㎝
3, transmittance 95 ﹪, water absorptivity < 0.01 ﹪; The physical characteristics of described transparent soil is: density 1.53 g/ ㎝
3～2.0g/ ㎝
3, severe 15kN/m
3～20kN/m
3, packing 20 ﹪～80 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 30 °～31 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 8MPa～50MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.45; Described hole liquid is a kind of in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or alcoholic solution or calcium bromide solution.
That perfluor cyclic polymer particle 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < of the present invention 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪.
When need make the transparent soil of simulation saturated clay, transparent soil of the present invention it by the colourless hole liquid of perfluor cyclic polymer and identical refractive index through getting the raw materials ready, be mixed, vacuumize, consolidation step is formulated, described perfluor cyclic polymer is the particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.34, density 2.03g/ ㎝
3, transmittance 95 ﹪, water absorptivity < 0.01 ﹪; The physical characteristics of described transparent soil is: density 1.63g/ ㎝
3～2.0g/ ㎝
3, severe 16kN/m
3～20kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 1kPa～3kPa, 19 °～22 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.20～0.35; Described hole liquid is a kind of in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or alcoholic solution or calcium bromide solution.
When need make the transparent soil of simulation saturated sand, transparent soil of the present invention it by the colourless hole liquid of cryolite and identical refractive index through getting the raw materials ready, be mixed, to vacuumize step formulated, described cryolite is the particle of particle diameter 0.25 ㎜～2.0 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.338～1.339, density 2.97g/ ㎝
3～3.0g/ ㎝
3; The physical characteristics of described transparent soil is: density 1.98g/ ㎝
3～2.5g/ ㎝
3, severe 19kN/m
3～25kN/m
3, packing 20 ﹪～80 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 34 °～35 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 12MPa～71MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.45; Described hole liquid is a kind of in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or alcoholic solution or calcium bromide solution.
That cryolite particle of the present invention 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪.
When need make the transparent soil of simulation saturated clay, transparent soil of the present invention it by the colourless hole liquid of cryolite and identical refractive index through getting the raw materials ready, be mixed, vacuumize, consolidation step is formulated, described cryolite is the particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.338～1.339, density 2.97 g/ ㎝
3～3.0g/ ㎝
3; The physical characteristics of described transparent soil is: density 1.98g/ ㎝
3～2.5g/ ㎝
3, severe 20kN/m
3～26kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 1kPa～3kPa, 22 °～26 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.20～0.35; Described hole liquid is a kind of in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or alcoholic solution or calcium bromide solution.
When need make the transparent soil of simulation saturated sand, transparent soil of the present invention it by the colourless hole liquid of calcium fluoride and identical refractive index through getting the raw materials ready, be mixed, to vacuumize step formulated, described calcium fluoride is the particle of particle diameter 0.25 ㎜～2.0 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.434, density 3.18g/ ㎝
3; The physical characteristics of described transparent soil is: density 1.98g/ ㎝
3～2.5g/ ㎝
3, severe 19kN/m
3～25kN/m
3, packing 20 ﹪～80 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 34 °～35 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 12MPa～71MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.45; Described hole liquid is a kind of in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or calcium bromide solution.
That calcium fluoride particle of the present invention 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪;
When need make the transparent soil of simulation saturated clay, transparent soil of the present invention it by the colourless hole liquid of calcium fluoride and identical refractive index through getting the raw materials ready, be mixed, vacuumize, consolidation step is formulated, described calcium fluoride is the particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.434, density 3.18g/ ㎝
3; The physical characteristics of described transparent soil is: density 1.98g/ ㎝
3～2.5g/ ㎝
3, severe 20kN/m
3～26kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 1 kPa～3kPa, 22 °～26 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.20～0.35; Described hole liquid is a kind of in the potpourri of sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or calcium bromide solution or n-dodecane and glycerine.
Energy Pile Soil load, a temperature transport mechanism model test method, it comprises following process:
(1) modeling: make respectively transparent model groove and transparent energy stake according to testing requirements, described transparent energy stake is hollow, and its underseal closes, and is furnished with heat-transfer pipe in transparent energy stake, stake side is embedded with fiber grating, and the stake end, is embedded with soil pressure cell;
(2) install: transparent energy stake is inserted to transparent model groove and inserted transparent soil; Heat-transfer pipe connects with cold cycling mechanism; In transparent model groove Wai Yice travel mechanism, install lasing light emitter, the face of facing outside transparent model groove, the face of overlooking are installed respectively digital camera, and digital camera connects with treating apparatus by data line; Open lasing light emitter, check the particle tangent plane lightness that it forms at transparent inside soil body, adjust laser angle, make tangent plane vertical incidence, by transparent energy pile center line; Open digital camera, adjust digital camera lens, can include whole test picture;
(3) test: according to experimental design, load on transparent energy stake stake top, and according to design temperature, pile body is carried out to temperature control; By digital camera, recorded the situation of change of pile peripheral earth speckle field and transparency, record data are sent into treating apparatus by data line, and distortion reading and the temperature reading of record stake optical fiber grating, and the reading of stake end soil pressure cell;
Repetitive process (1)～process (3), can the Pile Soil in different pile peripheral earth characteristics, different pile foundation form and piles with different temperature situation conduct heat and load transfer mechanism by treating apparatus observation and analysis, complete the model test of energy Pile Soil load, temperature transport mechanism.
The present invention process (2) in, described cold cycling mechanism comprises Water Tank with Temp.-controlled, water pump, heat-transfer pipe connects with Water Tank with Temp.-controlled by water pump, and the thermostatted water in thermostatted water 2 is circulated between heat-transfer pipe and Water Tank with Temp.-controlled; Described travel mechanism comprises base, and base is provided with support, is provided with slide bar between support, and it is upper that described lasing light emitter is arranged on pole, and pole is arranged on slide bar by slide block; Described lasing light emitter can vertically move on pole, and described pole can move horizontally on slide bar, makes lasing light emitter can form at an arbitrary position the vertical face of transparent model groove or the laser tangent plane of surface level.
When need make transparent when soil of simulation saturated sand, the present invention process (2) in, described in insert transparent mount and draw together and get the raw materials ready, be mixed, vacuumize step:
Described getting the raw materials ready as selection particle diameter is the perfluor cyclic polymer particle of 0.25 ㎜～2.0 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, cleans impurity and dries described perfluor cyclic polymer refractive index 1.34, density 2.03g/ ㎝
3, transmittance 95 ﹪, water absorptivity < 0.01 ﹪; Select colourless hole liquid, regulator solution concentration, makes the refractive index of hole liquid consistent with the refractive index of perfluor cyclic polymer; Described hole liquid is a kind of in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or alcoholic solution or calcium bromide solution;
That described perfluor cyclic polymer particle 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪;
Described being mixed as according to the size calculative determination perfluor cyclic polymer particle of test condition and sample and the consumption of hole liquid, first inserts the layering of perfluor cyclic polymer particle in transparent model groove, and divides and hit reality 3～4 times; Then in transparent model groove, inject hole liquid;
Or first deployed hole liquid is contained in transparent model groove, and perfluor cyclic polymer particle is poured in transparent model groove slowly, evenly, dispersedly, in toppling process, constantly stir and discharge bubble, and keep perfluor cyclic polymer particle all the time below hole liquid levels;
Described vacuumizing as utilizing vacuum extractor to extract the bubble between perfluor cyclic polymer particle, utilizes suction ball to pump the hole liquid that exceeds perfluor cyclic polymer particle, makes the transparent soil of simulation saturated sand, and its physical characteristics is: density 1.53g/ ㎝
3～2.0g/ ㎝
3, severe 15kN/m
3～20kN/m
3, packing 20 ﹪～80 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 30 °～31 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 8MPa～50MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.45.
When need make transparent when soil of simulation saturated clay, process (2) in, described in insert transparent mount draw together get the raw materials ready, be mixed, vacuumize, consolidation step:
Described getting the raw materials ready as selecting the perfluor cyclic polymer particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, cleans impurity and dries described perfluor cyclic polymer refractive index 1.34, density 2.03g/ ㎝
3, transmittance 95 ﹪, water absorptivity < 0.01 ﹪; Select colourless hole liquid, regulator solution concentration, makes the refractive index of hole liquid consistent with the refractive index of perfluor cyclic polymer; Described hole liquid is a kind of in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or alcoholic solution or calcium bromide solution;
Described being mixed as according to the size calculative determination perfluor cyclic polymer particle of test condition and sample and the consumption of hole liquid, first inserts the layering of perfluor cyclic polymer particle in transparent model groove, and divides and hit reality 3～4 times; Then in transparent model groove, inject hole liquid;
Or first deployed hole liquid is contained in transparent model groove, and perfluor cyclic polymer particle is poured in transparent model groove slowly, evenly, dispersedly, in toppling process, constantly stir and discharge bubble, and keep perfluor cyclic polymer particle all the time below hole liquid levels;
Described vacuumizing as utilizing vacuum extractor to extract the bubble between perfluor cyclic polymer particle, utilizes suction ball to pump the hole liquid that exceeds perfluor cyclic polymer particle;
Described fixed fixed for carrying out in consolidometer, making transparent solid material is perfluor cyclic polymer particle, the transparent soil of simulation saturated clay, and its physical characteristics is: density 1.63g/ ㎝
3～2.0g/ ㎝
3, severe 16kN/m
3～20kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 1kPa～3kPa, 19 °～22 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.20～0.35.
When need make transparent when soil of simulation saturated sand, the present invention process (2) in, described in insert transparent mount and draw together and get the raw materials ready, be mixed, vacuumize step:
Described getting the raw materials ready as selecting the cryolite particle of particle diameter 0.25 ㎜～2.0 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, cleans impurity and dries described cryolite refractive index 1.338～1.339, density 2.97g/ ㎝
3～3.0g/ ㎝
3; Select colourless hole liquid, regulator solution concentration, makes the refractive index of hole liquid and the refractive index of cryolite consistent; Described hole liquid is a kind of in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or alcoholic solution or calcium bromide solution;
That described cryolite particle 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪;
Described being mixed as according to the size calculative determination cryolite particle of test condition and sample and the consumption of hole liquid, first inserts the layering of cryolite particle in transparent model groove, and divides and hit reality 3～4 times; Then in transparent model groove, inject hole liquid;
Or first deployed hole liquid is contained in container, and cryolite particle is poured in container slowly, evenly, dispersedly, in toppling process, constantly stir and discharge bubble, and keep cryolite particle all the time below hole liquid levels;
Described vacuumizing as utilizing vacuum extractor to extract the bubble between cryolite particle, utilizes suction ball to pump the hole liquid that exceeds cryolite particle, makes the transparent soil of simulation saturated sand, and its physical characteristics is: density 1.98 g/ ㎝
3～2.5g/ ㎝
3, severe 19kN/m
3～25kN/m
3, packing 20 ﹪～80 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 34 °～35 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 12MPa～71MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.45.
When need make transparent when soil of simulation saturated clay, process (2) in, described in insert transparent mount draw together get the raw materials ready, be mixed, vacuumize, consolidation step:
Described getting the raw materials ready as selecting the cryolite particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, cleans impurity and dries described cryolite refractive index 1.338～1.339, density 2.97 g/㎝
3～3.0 g/ ㎝
3; Select colourless hole liquid, regulator solution concentration, makes the refractive index of hole liquid and the refractive index of cryolite consistent; Described hole liquid is a kind of in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or alcoholic solution or calcium bromide solution;
Described being mixed as according to the size calculative determination cryolite particle of test condition and sample and the consumption of hole liquid, first inserts the layering of cryolite particle in transparent model groove, and divides and hit reality 3～4 times; Then in transparent model groove, inject hole liquid;
Or first deployed hole liquid is contained in transparent model groove, and cryolite particle is poured in transparent model groove slowly, evenly, dispersedly, in toppling process, constantly stir and discharge bubble, and keep cryolite particle all the time below hole liquid levels;
Described vacuumizing as utilizing vacuum extractor to extract the bubble between cryolite particle, utilizes suction ball to pump the hole liquid that exceeds cryolite particle;
Described fixed fixed for carrying out in consolidometer, make the transparent soil of simulating saturated clay, its physical characteristics is: density 1.98g/ ㎝
3～2.5g/ ㎝
3, severe 20kN/m
3～26kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 1kPa～3kPa, 22 °～26 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.20～0.35.
When need make transparent when soil of simulation saturated sand, the present invention process (2) in, described in insert transparent mount and draw together and get the raw materials ready, be mixed, vacuumize step:
Described getting the raw materials ready as selection particle diameter is the calcium fluoride particle of 0.25 ㎜～2.0 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, cleans impurity and dries described calcium fluoride refractive index 1.434, density 3.18g/ ㎝
3; Select colourless hole liquid, regulator solution concentration, makes the refractive index of hole liquid and the refractive index of calcium fluoride consistent; Described hole liquid is a kind of in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or calcium bromide solution;
That described calcium fluoride particle 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪;
Described being mixed as according to the size calculative determination calcium fluoride particle of test condition and sample and the consumption of hole liquid, first inserts the layering of calcium fluoride particle in transparent model groove, and divides and hit reality 3～4 times; Then in transparent model groove, inject hole liquid;
Or first deployed hole liquid is contained in container, and calcium fluoride particle is poured in container slowly, evenly, dispersedly, in toppling process, constantly stir and discharge bubble, and keep calcium fluoride particle all the time below hole liquid levels;
Described vacuumizing as utilizing vacuum extractor to extract the bubble between calcium fluoride particle, utilizes suction ball to pump the hole liquid that exceeds calcium fluoride particle, makes the transparent soil of simulation saturated sand, and its physical characteristics is: density 1.98 g/ ㎝
3～2.5g/ ㎝
3, severe 19kN/m
3～25kN/m
3, packing 20 ﹪～80 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 34 °～35 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 12MPa～71MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.45.
When need make transparent when soil of simulation saturated clay, process (2) in, described in insert transparent mount draw together get the raw materials ready, be mixed, vacuumize, consolidation step:
Described getting the raw materials ready as selecting the calcium fluoride particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, cleans impurity and dries described calcium fluoride refractive index 1.434, transmittance 95 ﹪, unit weight 3.18g/ ㎝
3; Select colourless hole liquid, regulator solution concentration, makes the refractive index of hole liquid and the refractive index of calcium fluoride consistent; Described hole liquid is a kind of in the potpourri of sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or calcium bromide solution or n-dodecane and glycerine;
Described being mixed as according to the size calculative determination calcium fluoride particle of test condition and sample and the consumption of hole liquid, first inserts the layering of calcium fluoride particle in transparent model groove, and divides and hit reality 3～4 times; Then in transparent model groove, inject hole liquid;
Or first deployed hole liquid is contained in container, and calcium fluoride particle is poured in container slowly, evenly, dispersedly, in toppling process, constantly stir and discharge bubble, and keep calcium fluoride particle all the time below hole liquid levels;
Described vacuumizing as utilizing vacuum extractor to extract the bubble between calcium fluoride particle, utilizes suction ball to pump the hole liquid that exceeds calcium fluoride particle;
Described fixed fixed for carrying out in consolidometer, make the transparent soil of simulating saturated clay, its physical characteristics is: density 1.98g/ ㎝
3～2.5g/ ㎝
3, severe 20kN/m
3～26kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 1 kPa～3kPa, 22 °～26 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.20～0.35.
Owing to adopting technique scheme, the present invention has realized goal of the invention preferably, and test method is feasible, and the transparent native transparency of preparation is high, good with the similarity of natural earth soil mass property; Test unit is easy and simple to handle, is easy to realize, repeatable strong; Can be used to the geologic condition of Simulation of Complex, improve the understanding of people to geotechnical engineering problems essence, particularly explore energy Pile Soil heat-transfer mechanism and load transfer mechanism significant.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of test unit of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of test unit of the present invention travel mechanism.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1:(transparent solid material is perfluor cyclic polymer)
As seen from Figure 1, Figure 2, a kind of energy Pile Soil load, temperature transport mechanism model test apparatus, it comprises transparent model groove 1, in transparent model groove 1, be provided with the transparent energy stake 9 in the transparent soil that is embedded in simulation stake week soil 2, stake end soil 3, described transparent energy stake 9 is hollow, stake underseal closes, and in transparent energy stake 9, is furnished with heat-transfer pipe 10, and described heat-transfer pipe 10Yu cold cycling mechanism connects; 9 sides of transparent energy stake are embedded with the fiber grating 14 of measuring transparent energy stake 9 pile body axle force deformations and temperature variation, the stake end, is embedded with the soil pressure cell 15 of measuring 9 bottom stress of transparent energy stake, the outer side of transparent model groove 1 is provided with the lasing light emitter being arranged in travel mechanism, the face of facing outside transparent model groove 1, the face of overlooking are provided with the digital camera 6 in observable transparent model groove 1 space, and digital camera 6 connects with treating apparatus 8 by data line; Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation transparent model groove 1 forms the vertical face of transparent model groove 1 or the laser tangent plane of surface level, by digital camera 6, record pile peripheral earth speckle field 16 and transparency, determine under cold cycling effect and pile top load effect under the Changing Pattern of transparent energy stake 9 pile peripheral earth temperature fields and displacement field.
Cold cycling of the present invention mechanism comprises Water Tank with Temp.-controlled 12, water pump 11, and heat-transfer pipe 10 connects with Water Tank with Temp.-controlled 12 by water pump 11, and the thermostatted water 13 in Water Tank with Temp.-controlled 12 is circulated between heat-transfer pipe 10 and Water Tank with Temp.-controlled 12; Described thermostatted water 13 is controlled the temperature of Water Tank with Temp.-controlled 12 interior water by firing equipment or refrigeration plant, the heat-transfer pipe 10 being connected with water pump 11 is provided with thermometer 20 at water inlet end and position, water side.
Travel mechanism of the present invention comprises base 18, and base 18 is provided with support 17, between support 17, is provided with slide bar, and described lasing light emitter is arranged on pole 7, and pole 7 is arranged on slide bar by slide block 19; Described lasing light emitter can vertically move on pole 7, and described pole 7 can move horizontally on slide bar, makes lasing light emitter can form at an arbitrary position the vertical face of transparent model groove 1 or the laser tangent plane of surface level.
Transparent model groove 1 of the present invention is made by transparent resin glass, described energy stake 9 is made by pmma material, described heat-transfer pipe 10 is lucite pipe, in energy stake 9, be arranged to U-shaped or W type (the present embodiment is U-shaped), described lasing light emitter comprises laser instrument 4, linear converter 5, laser instrument 4 is intracavity helium-neon laser, and power is that 50mW～500mW(the present embodiment is 500mW); Described converter,linear 5 can be converted into linear light sorurce by pointolite, and the linear light sorurce that changes into of linear converter 5 can sense of rotation;
Digital camera 6 of the present invention is high definition high speed digital camera, and its resolution is that 50 w～500w(the present embodiment is 500w), exposed frame, frame number 25, time shutter 10 μ s～10s(the present embodiment is 10 μ s).
When need make the transparent soil of simulation saturated sand, transparent soil of the present invention it by the colourless hole liquid of perfluor cyclic polymer and identical refractive index through getting the raw materials ready, be mixed, to vacuumize step formulated, described perfluor cyclic polymer is the particle of particle diameter 0.25 ㎜～2.0 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.34, density 2.03g/ ㎝
3, transmittance 95 ﹪, water absorptivity < 0.01 ﹪; The physical characteristics of described transparent soil is: density 1.53 g/ ㎝
3～2.0g/ ㎝
3, severe 15kN/m
3～20kN/m
3, packing 20 ﹪～80 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 30 °～31 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 8MPa～50MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.45; Described hole liquid is a kind of in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or alcoholic solution or calcium bromide solution.
That perfluor cyclic polymer particle 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < of the present invention 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪.
It is 30 ﹪ that the present embodiment is selected perfluor cyclic polymer particle 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜'s, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 30 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 20 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 20 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪, mixed; Hole liquid is sugar juice, and described sugar is sucrose.Modulation solution concentration (the present embodiment concentration is 5 ﹪), (the present embodiment is 20 in test temperature to utilize Abbe refractometer to measure sucrose solution
oc) refractive index under (the present embodiment is 1.34), makes it consistent with the refractive index of perfluor cyclic polymer.
Energy Pile Soil load, a temperature transport mechanism model test method, it comprises following process:
(1) modeling: make respectively transparent model groove 1 and transparent energy stake 9 according to testing requirements, described transparent energy stake 9 is hollow, and its underseal closes, and is furnished with heat-transfer pipe 10 in transparent energy stake 9, stake side is embedded with fiber grating 14, and the stake end, is embedded with soil pressure cell 15;
(2) install: transparent energy stake 9 is inserted to transparent model groove 1 and inserted transparent soil; Heat-transfer pipe 10Yu cold cycling mechanism connects; In transparent model groove 1 Wai Yice travel mechanism, install lasing light emitter, the face of facing outside transparent model groove 1, the face of overlooking are installed respectively digital camera 6, and digital camera 6 connects with treating apparatus 8 by data line; Open lasing light emitter, check the particle tangent plane lightness that it forms at transparent inside soil body, adjust laser angle, make tangent plane vertical incidence, by transparent energy stake 9 center lines; Open digital camera 6, adjust digital camera 6 camera lenses, can include whole test picture;
The present invention process (2) in, described cold cycling mechanism comprises Water Tank with Temp.-controlled 12, water pump 11, heat-transfer pipe 10 connects with Water Tank with Temp.-controlled 12 by water pump 11, and the water in Water Tank with Temp.-controlled 12 is circulated between heat-transfer pipe 10 and Water Tank with Temp.-controlled 12; Described thermostatted water 13 is controlled the temperature of Water Tank with Temp.-controlled 12 interior water by firing equipment or refrigeration plant, the heat-transfer pipe 10 being connected with water pump 11 is provided with thermometer 20 at water inlet end and position, water side.
Travel mechanism of the present invention comprises base 18, and base 18 is provided with support 17, between support 17, is provided with slide bar, and described lasing light emitter is arranged on pole 7, and pole 7 is arranged on slide bar by slide block 19; Described lasing light emitter can vertically move on pole 7, and described pole 7 can move horizontally on slide bar, makes lasing light emitter can form at an arbitrary position the vertical face of transparent model groove 1 or the laser tangent plane of surface level.
Transparent model groove 1 of the present invention is made by transparent resin glass, described energy stake 9 is made by pmma material, described heat-transfer pipe 10 is lucite pipe, in energy stake 9, be arranged to U-shaped or W type (the present embodiment is U-shaped), described lasing light emitter comprises laser instrument 4, linear converter 5, laser instrument 4 is intracavity helium-neon laser, and power is that 50mW～500mW(the present embodiment is 500mW); Described converter,linear 5 can be converted into linear light sorurce by pointolite, and the linear light sorurce that changes into of linear converter 5 can sense of rotation;
Digital camera 6 of the present invention is high definition high speed digital camera, and its resolution is that 50 w～500w(the present embodiment is 500w), exposed frame, frame number 25, time shutter 10 μ s～10s(the present embodiment is 10 μ s).
When need make transparent when soil of simulation saturated sand, the present invention process (2) in, described in insert transparent mount and draw together and get the raw materials ready, be mixed, vacuumize step:
Described getting the raw materials ready as selection particle diameter is the perfluor cyclic polymer particle of 0.25 ㎜～2.0 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, cleans impurity and dries described perfluor cyclic polymer refractive index 1.34, density 2.03g/ ㎝
3, transmittance 95 ﹪, water absorptivity < 0.01 ﹪; Select colourless hole liquid, regulator solution concentration, makes the refractive index of hole liquid consistent with the refractive index of perfluor cyclic polymer; Described hole liquid is a kind of in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or alcoholic solution or calcium bromide solution;
That described perfluor cyclic polymer particle 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪;
It is 30 ﹪ that the present embodiment is selected perfluor cyclic polymer particle 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜'s, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 30 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 20 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 20 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪, mixed; Hole liquid is sugar juice, and described sugar is sucrose.Modulation solution concentration (the present embodiment concentration is 5 ﹪), (the present embodiment is 20 in test temperature to utilize Abbe refractometer to measure sucrose solution
oc) refractive index under (the present embodiment is 1.34), makes it consistent with the refractive index of perfluor cyclic polymer.
Described being mixed as according to the size calculative determination perfluor cyclic polymer particle of test condition and sample and the consumption of hole liquid, first inserts the layering of perfluor cyclic polymer particle in transparent model groove 1, and divides and hit reality 3～4 times; Then in transparent model groove 1, inject hole liquid;
The present embodiment in transparent model groove 1, insert a certain amount of after, perfluor cyclic polymer particle is carried out to precompressed; Divide and hit reality 3 times, the packing of Control Assay is 30 ﹪; Then in transparent model groove 1, inject hole liquid, standing 24 hours;
Described vacuumizing as utilizing vacuum extractor to extract the bubble between perfluor cyclic polymer particle, utilizes suction ball to pump the hole liquid that exceeds perfluor cyclic polymer particle, makes the transparent soil of simulation saturated sand, and its physical characteristics is: density 1.53g/ ㎝
3～2.0g/ ㎝
3, severe 15kN/m
3～20kN/m
3, packing 20 ﹪～80 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 30 °～31 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 8MPa～50MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.45.
The physical characteristics of the made transparent soil of the present embodiment is: density 1.53g/ ㎝
3, severe 15kN/m
3, packing 30 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 30 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 8 MPa, Poisson ratio 0.4.
(3) test: according to experimental design, load on 9 tops of transparent energy stake, and according to design temperature, pile body is carried out to temperature control; By digital camera 6, recorded the situation of change of pile peripheral earth speckle field 16 and transparency, record data are sent into treating apparatus 8 by data line, and distortion reading and the temperature reading of record stake optical fiber grating 14, and the reading of stake end soil pressure cell 15;
Described laser instrument 4 and linear converter 5 can vertically move on pole 7, and described pole 7 can move horizontally on slide bar; Like this, make lasing light emitter form the vertical face of transparent model groove 1 or the laser tangent plane of surface level in the optional position of transparent model groove 1.
When Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation transparent model groove 1 forms the laser tangent plane of vertical face of transparent model groove 1, by digital camera 6 records that are arranged on transparent model groove 1 and face face; When Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation transparent model groove 1 forms the laser tangent plane of surface level of transparent model groove 1, by digital camera 6 records that are arranged on transparent model groove 1 and overlook face.
In test, the picture information that utilizes PIV technology (Particle Image Velocimetry particle image velocimetry method) combining image process software PIVview2C logarithmic code camera 6 to gather is processed.
Repetitive process (1)～process (3), can the Pile Soil in different pile peripheral earth characteristics, different pile foundation form and piles with different temperature situation conduct heat and load transfer mechanism by treating apparatus 8 observation and analysis, complete the model test of energy Pile Soil load, temperature transport mechanism.
Embodiment 2:(transparent solid material is perfluor cyclic polymer)
Process (2) in, that select perfluor cyclic polymer particle 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 30 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 30 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 30 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪, mixed; Described hole liquid is sodium chloride solution, and its concentration is 5 ﹪;
While being mixed, first deployed hole liquid is contained in transparent model groove 1, and perfluor cyclic polymer particle is poured in transparent model groove 1 slowly, evenly, dispersedly, in toppling process, constantly stir and discharge bubble, and keep perfluor cyclic polymer particle all the time below hole liquid levels;
The physical characteristics of the made transparent soil of the present embodiment is: density 1.65g/ ㎝
3, severe 17kN/m
3, packing 40 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 31 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 20MPa, Poisson ratio 0.25.
Remaining with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:(transparent solid material is perfluor cyclic polymer)
Process (2) in, that select perfluor cyclic polymer particle 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 40 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 35 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 15 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪, mixed; Described hole liquid is alcoholic solution, and its concentration is 15 ﹪;
While being mixed, its packing of Control Assay is 40 ﹪.
The physical characteristics of the made transparent soil of the present embodiment is: density 1.83 g/ ㎝
3, severe 17.5kN/m
3, packing 40 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 31 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 15MPa, Poisson ratio 0.32.
Remaining with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4:(transparent solid material is perfluor cyclic polymer)
When need make the transparent soil of simulation saturated clay, transparent soil of the present invention it by the colourless hole liquid of perfluor cyclic polymer and identical refractive index through getting the raw materials ready, be mixed, vacuumize, consolidation step is formulated, described perfluor cyclic polymer is the particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.34, density 2.03g/ ㎝
3, transmittance 95 ﹪, water absorptivity < 0.01 ﹪; The physical characteristics of described transparent soil is: density 1.63g/ ㎝
3～2.0g/ ㎝
3, severe 16kN/m
3～20kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 1kPa～3kPa, 19 °～22 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.20～0.35; Described hole liquid is a kind of in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or alcoholic solution or calcium bromide solution.
The present embodiment is selected the perfluor cyclic polymer particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜; Hole liquid is sugar juice, and described sugar is sucrose.Modulation solution concentration (the present embodiment concentration is 5 ﹪), (the present embodiment is 20 in test temperature to utilize Abbe refractometer to measure sucrose solution
oc) refractive index under (the present embodiment is 1.34), makes it consistent with the refractive index of perfluor cyclic polymer.
When need make transparent when soil of simulation saturated clay, process (2) in, described in insert transparent mount draw together get the raw materials ready, be mixed, vacuumize, consolidation step:
Described getting the raw materials ready as selecting the perfluor cyclic polymer particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, cleans impurity and dries described perfluor cyclic polymer refractive index 1.34, density 2.03g/ ㎝
3, transmittance 95 ﹪, water absorptivity < 0.01 ﹪; Select colourless hole liquid, regulator solution concentration, makes the refractive index of hole liquid consistent with the refractive index of perfluor cyclic polymer; Described hole liquid is a kind of in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or alcoholic solution or calcium bromide solution;
The present embodiment is selected the perfluor cyclic polymer particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜; Hole liquid is sugar juice, and described sugar is sucrose.Modulation solution concentration (the present embodiment concentration is 5 ﹪), (the present embodiment is 20 in test temperature to utilize Abbe refractometer to measure sucrose solution
oc) refractive index under (the present embodiment is 1.34), makes it consistent with the refractive index of perfluor cyclic polymer.
Described being mixed as according to the size calculative determination perfluor cyclic polymer particle of test condition and sample and the consumption of hole liquid, first inserts the layering of perfluor cyclic polymer particle in transparent model groove 1, and divides and hit reality 3～4 times; Then in transparent model groove 1, inject hole liquid;
The present embodiment in transparent model groove 1, insert a certain amount of after, perfluor cyclic polymer particle is carried out to precompressed; Divide and hit reality 3 times, with the density of Control Assay; Then in transparent model groove 1, inject hole liquid, standing 24 hours;
Described vacuumizing as utilizing vacuum extractor to extract the bubble between perfluor cyclic polymer particle, utilizes suction ball to pump the hole liquid that exceeds perfluor cyclic polymer particle;
Described fixed fixed for carrying out in consolidometer, making transparent solid material is perfluor cyclic polymer particle, the transparent soil of simulation saturated clay, and its physical characteristics is: density 1.63g/ ㎝
3～2.0g/ ㎝
3, severe 16kN/m
3～20kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 1kPa～3kPa, 19 °～22 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.20～0.35.
The physical characteristics of the made transparent soil of the present embodiment is: density 1.73 g/ ㎝
3, severe 17kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 2.0; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 3kPa, 20 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.35.
Remaining with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5:(transparent solid material is perfluor cyclic polymer)
Process (2) in, described hole liquid is sodium chloride solution, its concentration is 5 ﹪;
While being mixed, first deployed hole liquid is contained in transparent model groove 1, and perfluor cyclic polymer particle is poured in transparent model groove 1 slowly, evenly, dispersedly, in toppling process, constantly stir and discharge bubble, and keep perfluor cyclic polymer particle all the time below hole liquid levels;
The physical characteristics of the made transparent soil of the present embodiment is: density 1.83g/ ㎝
3, severe 18kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 1.0; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 2kPa, 19 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 6MPa, Poisson ratio 0.35.
Remaining with embodiment 1,4.
Embodiment 6:(transparent solid material is perfluor cyclic polymer)
Process (2) in, described hole liquid is calcium bromide solution, its concentration is 3 ﹪;
The physical characteristics of the made transparent soil of the present embodiment is: density 2.0g/ ㎝
3, severe 20kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 2; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 3kPa, 22 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.25.
Remaining with embodiment 1,4.
Embodiment 7:(transparent solid material is cryolite)
When need make the transparent soil of simulation saturated sand, transparent soil of the present invention it by the colourless hole liquid of cryolite and identical refractive index through getting the raw materials ready, be mixed, to vacuumize step formulated, described cryolite is the particle of particle diameter 0.25 ㎜～2.0 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.338～1.339, density 2.97g/ ㎝
3～3.0g/ ㎝
3; The physical characteristics of described transparent soil is: density 1.98g/ ㎝
3～2.5g/ ㎝
3, severe 19kN/m
3～25kN/m
3, packing 20 ﹪～80 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 34 °～35 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 12MPa～71MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.45; Described hole liquid is a kind of in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or alcoholic solution or calcium bromide solution.
That cryolite particle of the present invention 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪.
The present embodiment is selected density 2.97g/ ㎝
3, refractive index 1.338 cryolite particle, that 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 0.5 ㎜ is 30 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 30 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 20 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 20 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪, mixed; Hole liquid is sugar juice, and described sugar is sucrose.Modulation solution concentration (the present embodiment concentration is 3.5 ﹪), (the present embodiment is 20 in test temperature to utilize Abbe refractometer to measure sucrose solution
oc) refractive index under (the present embodiment is 1.338), makes it consistent with the refractive index of cryolite.
When need make transparent when soil of simulation saturated sand, the present invention process (2) in, described in insert transparent mount and draw together and get the raw materials ready, be mixed, vacuumize step:
Described getting the raw materials ready as selecting the cryolite particle of particle diameter 0.25 ㎜～2.0 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, cleans impurity and dries described cryolite refractive index 1.338～1.339, density 2.97g/ ㎝
3～3.0g/ ㎝
3; Select colourless hole liquid, regulator solution concentration, makes the refractive index of hole liquid and the refractive index of cryolite consistent; Described hole liquid is a kind of in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or alcoholic solution or calcium bromide solution;
That described cryolite particle 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪;
The present embodiment is selected density 2.97g/ ㎝
3, refractive index 1.338 cryolite particle, that 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 0.5 ㎜ is 30 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 30 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 20 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 20 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪, mixed; Hole liquid is sugar juice, and described sugar is sucrose.Modulation solution concentration (the present embodiment concentration is 3.5 ﹪), (the present embodiment is 20 in test temperature to utilize Abbe refractometer to measure sucrose solution
oc) refractive index under (the present embodiment is 1.338), makes it consistent with the refractive index of cryolite.
Described being mixed as according to the size calculative determination cryolite particle of test condition and sample and the consumption of hole liquid, first inserts the layering of cryolite particle in transparent model groove 1, and divides and hit reality 3～4 times; Then in transparent model groove 1, inject hole liquid;
The present embodiment in transparent model groove 1, insert a certain amount of after, cryolite particle is carried out to precompressed; Divide and hit reality 3 times, the packing of Control Assay is 50 ﹪; Then in transparent model groove 1, inject hole liquid, standing 24 hours;
Described vacuumizing as utilizing vacuum extractor to extract the bubble between cryolite particle, utilizes suction ball to pump the hole liquid that exceeds cryolite particle, makes the transparent soil of simulation saturated sand, and its physical characteristics is: density 1.98 g/ ㎝
3～2.5g/ ㎝
3, severe 19kN/m
3～25kN/m
3, packing 20 ﹪～80 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 34 °～35 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 12MPa～71MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.45.
The physical characteristics of the made transparent soil of the present embodiment is: density 1.98g/ ㎝
3, severe 19kN/m
3, packing 50 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 34 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 20MPa, Poisson ratio 0.4.
Remaining with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 8:(transparent solid material is cryolite)
Process (2) in, select density 3.0g/ ㎝
3, refractive index 1.339 cryolite particle, that 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 35 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 35 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 20 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪, mixed; Described hole liquid is sodium chloride solution, modulation solution concentration (the present embodiment concentration is 4.2 ﹪), and (the present embodiment is 20 in test temperature to utilize Abbe refractometer to measure sodium chloride solution
oc) refractive index under (the present embodiment is 1.339), makes it consistent with the refractive index of cryolite.
While being mixed, first deployed hole liquid is contained in transparent model groove 1, and cryolite particle is poured in transparent model groove 1 slowly, evenly, dispersedly, in toppling process, constantly stir and discharge bubble, and keep cryolite particle all the time below hole liquid levels;
Remaining with embodiment 1,7.
Embodiment 9:(transparent solid material is cryolite)
Process (2) in, select density 3.0g/ ㎝
3, refractive index 1.338 cryolite particle, that 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 0.5 ㎜ is 25 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 25 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 25 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 25 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪, mixed; Described hole liquid is alcoholic solution, and its concentration is 12 ﹪;
While being mixed, its packing of Control Assay is 60 ﹪.
The physical characteristics of the made transparent soil of the present embodiment is: density 2.3g/ ㎝
3, severe 23kN/m
3, packing 60 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 35 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 45MPa, Poisson ratio 0.35.
Remaining with embodiment 1,7.
Embodiment 10:(transparent solid material is cryolite)
When need make the transparent soil of simulation saturated clay, transparent soil of the present invention it by the colourless hole liquid of cryolite and identical refractive index through getting the raw materials ready, be mixed, vacuumize, consolidation step is formulated, described cryolite is the particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.338～1.339, density 2.97 g/ ㎝
3～3.0g/ ㎝
3; The physical characteristics of described transparent soil is: density 1.98g/ ㎝
3～2.5g/ ㎝
3, severe 20kN/m
3～26kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 1kPa～3kPa, 22 °～26 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.20～0.35; Described hole liquid is a kind of in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or alcoholic solution or calcium bromide solution.
The present embodiment is selected density 2.97g/ ㎝
3, refractive index 1.338, particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜ cryolite particle; Hole liquid is sugar juice, and described sugar is sucrose.Modulation solution concentration (the present embodiment concentration is 3.5 ﹪), (the present embodiment is 20 in test temperature to utilize Abbe refractometer to measure sucrose solution
oc) refractive index under (the present embodiment is 1.338), makes it consistent with the refractive index of cryolite.
When need make transparent when soil of simulation saturated clay, process (2) in, described in insert transparent mount draw together get the raw materials ready, be mixed, vacuumize, consolidation step:
Described getting the raw materials ready as selecting the cryolite particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, cleans impurity and dries described cryolite refractive index 1.338～1.339, density 2.97 g/㎝
3～3.0 g/ ㎝
3; Select colourless hole liquid, regulator solution concentration, makes the refractive index of hole liquid and the refractive index of cryolite consistent; Described hole liquid is a kind of in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or alcoholic solution or calcium bromide solution;
The present embodiment is selected density 2.97g/ ㎝
3, refractive index 1.338, particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜ cryolite particle; Hole liquid is sugar juice, and described sugar is sucrose.Modulation solution concentration (the present embodiment concentration is 3.5 ﹪), (the present embodiment is 20 in test temperature to utilize Abbe refractometer to measure sucrose solution
oc) refractive index under (the present embodiment is 1.338), makes it consistent with the refractive index of cryolite.
Described being mixed as according to the size calculative determination cryolite particle of test condition and sample and the consumption of hole liquid, first inserts the layering of cryolite particle in transparent model groove 1, and divides and hit reality 3～4 times; Then in transparent model groove 1, inject hole liquid;
The present embodiment in transparent model groove 1, insert a certain amount of after, cryolite particle is carried out to precompressed; Divide and hit reality 3 times, with the density of Control Assay; Then in transparent model groove 1, inject hole liquid, standing 24 hours;
Described vacuumizing as utilizing vacuum extractor to extract the bubble between cryolite particle, utilizes suction ball to pump the hole liquid that exceeds cryolite particle;
Described fixed fixed for carrying out in consolidometer, make the transparent soil of simulating saturated clay, its physical characteristics is: density 1.98g/ ㎝
3～2.5g/ ㎝
3, severe 20kN/m
3～26kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 1kPa～3kPa, 22 °～26 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.20～0.35.
The physical characteristics of the made transparent soil of the present embodiment is: density 2.0g/ ㎝
3, severe 21kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 1kPa, 23 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 5MPa, Poisson ratio 0.30.
Remaining with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 11:(transparent solid material is cryolite)
Process (2) in, select density 3.0g/ ㎝
3, refractive index 1.338, particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜ cryolite particle; Described hole liquid is sodium chloride solution, and its concentration is 4.1 ﹪;
While being mixed, first deployed hole liquid is contained in transparent model groove 1, and cryolite particle is poured in transparent model groove 1 slowly, evenly, dispersedly, in toppling process, constantly stir and discharge bubble, and keep cryolite particle all the time below hole liquid levels;
The physical characteristics of the made transparent soil of the present embodiment is: density 2.3g/ ㎝
3, severe 24kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 1.5; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 3kPa, 23 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 8MPa, Poisson ratio 0.25.
Remaining with embodiment 1,11.
Embodiment 12:(transparent solid material is cryolite)
Process (2) in, select density 3.0g/ ㎝
3, refractive index 1.338, particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜ cryolite particle; Described hole liquid is calcium bromide solution, and its concentration is 1 ﹪;
The physical characteristics of the made transparent soil of the present embodiment is: density 2.3g/ ㎝
3, severe 26kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 2; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 3kPa, 6 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.25.
Remaining with embodiment 1,10.
Embodiment 13:(transparent solid material is calcium fluoride)
When need make the transparent soil of simulation saturated sand, transparent soil of the present invention it by the colourless hole liquid of calcium fluoride and identical refractive index through getting the raw materials ready, be mixed, to vacuumize step formulated, described calcium fluoride is the particle of particle diameter 0.25 ㎜～2.0 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.434, density 3.18g/ ㎝
3; The physical characteristics of described transparent soil is: density 1.98g/ ㎝
3～2.5g/ ㎝
3, severe 19kN/m
3～25kN/m
3, packing 20 ﹪～80 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 34 °～35 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 12MPa～71MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.45; Described hole liquid is a kind of in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or calcium bromide solution.
That calcium fluoride particle of the present invention 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪;
It is 30 ﹪ that the present embodiment is selected calcium fluoride particle 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜'s, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 20 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 20 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 30 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪, mixed; Hole liquid is sugar juice, and described sugar is sucrose.Modulation solution concentration (the present embodiment concentration is 56 ﹪), (the present embodiment is 20 in test temperature to utilize Abbe refractometer to measure sucrose solution
oc) refractive index under (the present embodiment is 1.434), makes it consistent with the refractive index of calcium fluoride.
When need make transparent when soil of simulation saturated sand, the present invention process (2) in, described in insert transparent mount and draw together and get the raw materials ready, be mixed, vacuumize step:
Described getting the raw materials ready as selection particle diameter is the calcium fluoride particle of 0.25 ㎜～2.0 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, cleans impurity and dries described calcium fluoride refractive index 1.434, density 3.18g/ ㎝
3; Select colourless hole liquid, regulator solution concentration, makes the refractive index of hole liquid and the refractive index of calcium fluoride consistent; Described hole liquid is a kind of in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or calcium bromide solution;
That described calcium fluoride particle 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪;
It is 30 ﹪ that the present embodiment is selected calcium fluoride particle 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜'s, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 20 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 20 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 30 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪, mixed; Hole liquid is sugar juice, and described sugar is sucrose.Modulation solution concentration (the present embodiment concentration is 56 ﹪), (the present embodiment is 20 in test temperature to utilize Abbe refractometer to measure sucrose solution
oc) refractive index under (the present embodiment is 1.434), makes it consistent with the refractive index of calcium fluoride.
Described being mixed as according to the size calculative determination calcium fluoride particle of test condition and sample and the consumption of hole liquid, first inserts the layering of calcium fluoride particle in transparent model groove 1, and divides and hit reality 3～4 times; Then in transparent model groove 1, inject hole liquid;
The present embodiment in transparent model groove 1, insert a certain amount of after, calcium fluoride particle is carried out to precompressed; Divide and hit reality 3 times, the packing of Control Assay is 30 ﹪; Then in transparent model groove 1, inject hole liquid, standing 24 hours;
Described vacuumizing as utilizing vacuum extractor to extract the bubble between calcium fluoride particle, utilizes suction ball to pump the hole liquid that exceeds calcium fluoride particle, makes the transparent soil of simulation saturated sand, and its physical characteristics is: density 1.98 g/ ㎝
3～2.5g/ ㎝
3, severe 19kN/m
3～25kN/m
3, packing 20 ﹪～80 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 34 °～35 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 12MPa～71MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.45.
The physical characteristics of the made transparent soil of the present embodiment is: density 2.1g/ ㎝
3, severe 21kN/m
3, packing 30 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 34 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 17MPa, Poisson ratio 0.35.
Remaining with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 14:(transparent solid material is calcium fluoride)
Process (2) in, that select calcium fluoride particle 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 20 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 30 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 30 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 20 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪, mixed; Described hole liquid is sodium chloride solution, and its concentration is 54 ﹪;
While being mixed, first deployed hole liquid is contained in transparent model groove 1, and calcium fluoride particle is poured in transparent model groove 1 slowly, evenly, dispersedly, in toppling process, constantly stir and discharge bubble, and keep calcium fluoride particle all the time below hole liquid levels;
The physical characteristics of the made transparent soil of the present embodiment is: density 2.0g/ ㎝
3, severe 20kN/m
3, packing 40 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 34 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 20MPa, Poisson ratio 0.4.
Remaining with embodiment 1,13.
Embodiment 15:(transparent solid material is calcium fluoride)
Process (2) in, that select calcium fluoride particle 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 40 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 35 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 15 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪, mixed; Described hole liquid is calcium bromide solution, and its concentration is 45 ﹪;
While being mixed, its packing of Control Assay is 50 ﹪.
The physical characteristics of the made transparent soil of the present embodiment is: density 1.53g/ ㎝
3, severe 15kN/m
3, packing 50 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 35 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 25MPa, Poisson ratio 0.3.
Remaining with embodiment 1,13.
Embodiment 16:(transparent solid material is calcium fluoride)
When need make the transparent soil of simulation saturated clay, transparent soil of the present invention it by the colourless hole liquid of calcium fluoride and identical refractive index through getting the raw materials ready, be mixed, vacuumize, consolidation step is formulated, described calcium fluoride is the particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.434, density 3.18g/ ㎝
3; The physical characteristics of described transparent soil is: density 1.98g/ ㎝
3～2.5g/ ㎝
3, severe 20kN/m
3～26kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 1 kPa～3kPa, 22 °～26 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.20～0.35; Described hole liquid is a kind of in the potpourri of sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or calcium bromide solution or n-dodecane and glycerine.
The present embodiment is selected the calcium fluoride particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜; Hole liquid is sugar juice, and described sugar is sucrose.Modulation solution concentration (the present embodiment concentration is 56 ﹪), (the present embodiment is 20 in test temperature to utilize Abbe refractometer to measure sucrose solution
oc) refractive index under (the present embodiment is 1.434), makes it consistent with the refractive index of calcium fluoride.
When need make transparent when soil of simulation saturated clay, process (2) in, described in insert transparent mount draw together get the raw materials ready, be mixed, vacuumize, consolidation step:
Described getting the raw materials ready as selecting the calcium fluoride particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, cleans impurity and dries described calcium fluoride refractive index 1.434, transmittance 95 ﹪, unit weight 3.18g/ ㎝
3; Select colourless hole liquid, regulator solution concentration, makes the refractive index of hole liquid and the refractive index of calcium fluoride consistent; Described hole liquid is a kind of in the potpourri of sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or calcium bromide solution or n-dodecane and glycerine;
The present embodiment is selected the calcium fluoride particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜; Hole liquid is sugar juice, and described sugar is sucrose.Modulation solution concentration (the present embodiment concentration is 56 ﹪), (the present embodiment is 20 in test temperature to utilize Abbe refractometer to measure sucrose solution
oc) refractive index under (the present embodiment is 1.434), makes it consistent with the refractive index of calcium fluoride.
Described being mixed as according to the size calculative determination calcium fluoride particle of test condition and sample and the consumption of hole liquid, first inserts the layering of calcium fluoride particle in transparent model groove 1, and divides and hit reality 3～4 times; Then in transparent model groove 1, inject hole liquid;
The present embodiment in transparent model groove 1, insert a certain amount of after, calcium fluoride particle is carried out to precompressed; Divide and hit reality 3 times, with the density of Control Assay; Then in transparent model groove 1, inject hole liquid, standing 24 hours;
Described vacuumizing as utilizing vacuum extractor to extract the bubble between calcium fluoride particle, utilizes suction ball to pump the hole liquid that exceeds calcium fluoride particle;
Described fixed fixed for carrying out in consolidometer, make the transparent soil of simulating saturated clay, its physical characteristics is: density 1.98g/ ㎝
3～2.5g/ ㎝
3, severe 20kN/m
3～26kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 1 kPa～3kPa, 22 °～26 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.20～0.35.
The physical characteristics of the made transparent soil of the present embodiment is: density 1.98g/ ㎝
3, severe 20kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 1 kPa, 22 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 5MPa, Poisson ratio 0.35.
Remaining with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 17:(transparent solid material is calcium fluoride)
Process (2) in, described hole liquid is sodium chloride solution, its concentration is 54 ﹪;
While being mixed, first deployed hole liquid is contained in transparent model groove 1, and calcium fluoride particle is poured in transparent model groove 1 slowly, evenly, dispersedly, in toppling process, constantly stir and discharge bubble, and keep calcium fluoride particle all the time below hole liquid levels;
The physical characteristics of the made transparent soil of the present embodiment is: density 2.3g/ ㎝
3, severe 23kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 1.5; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 2 kPa, 23 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 8MPa, Poisson ratio 0.30.
Remaining with embodiment 1,16.
Embodiment 18:(transparent solid material is calcium fluoride)
Process (2) in, described hole liquid is calcium bromide solution, its concentration is 45 ﹪;
The physical characteristics of the made transparent soil of the present embodiment is: density 2.1g/ ㎝
3, severe 21kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 1.0; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 1kPa, 22 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 6MPa, Poisson ratio 0.30.
Remaining with embodiment 1,16.
Embodiment 19:(transparent solid material is calcium fluoride)
Process (2) in, described hole liquid is the potpourri of n-dodecane (refractive index is 1.421) and glycerine (refractive index is 1.473), by adjust n-dodecane and glycerine quality recently change the refractive index of miscella, make it consistent with the refractive index of calcium fluoride particle; The present embodiment n-dodecane and glycerine mass ratio be 1:3;
The physical characteristics of the made transparent soil of the present embodiment is: density 2.3g/ ㎝
3, severe 23kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 1.5; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 3kPa, 26 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 8MPa, Poisson ratio 0.35.
Remaining with embodiment 1,16.
Claims (10)
1. an energy Pile Soil load, temperature transport mechanism model test apparatus, it is characterized in that it comprises transparent model groove, in transparent model groove, be provided with the transparent energy stake in the transparent soil that is embedded in simulation stake week soil, stake end soil, described transparent energy stake is hollow, stake underseal closes, in transparent energy stake, be furnished with heat-transfer pipe, described heat-transfer pipe connects with cold cycling mechanism; Transparent energy stake stake side is embedded with the fiber grating of measuring transparent energy stake pile body axle force deformation and temperature variation, the stake end, is embedded with the soil pressure cell of measuring transparent energy stake stake bottom stress, the outer side of transparent model groove is provided with the lasing light emitter being arranged in travel mechanism, the face of facing outside transparent model groove, the face of overlooking are provided with the digital camera of observable transparent model slot space, and digital camera connects with treating apparatus by data line; Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation transparent model groove forms the vertical face of transparent model groove or the laser tangent plane of surface level, by digital camera, record pile peripheral earth speckle field and transparency, determine under cold cycling effect and pile top load effect under the Changing Pattern of transparent energy stake pile peripheral earth temperature field and displacement field.
2. energy Pile Soil load according to claim 1, temperature transport mechanism model test apparatus, it is characterized in that described cold cycling mechanism comprises Water Tank with Temp.-controlled, water pump, heat-transfer pipe connects with Water Tank with Temp.-controlled by water pump, and the thermostatted water in Water Tank with Temp.-controlled is circulated between heat-transfer pipe and Water Tank with Temp.-controlled.
3. energy Pile Soil load according to claim 1, temperature transport mechanism model test apparatus, it is characterized in that described travel mechanism comprises base, base is provided with support, is provided with slide bar between support, it is upper that described lasing light emitter is arranged on pole, and pole is arranged on slide bar by slide block; Described lasing light emitter can vertically move on pole, and described pole can move horizontally on slide bar, makes lasing light emitter can form at an arbitrary position the vertical face of transparent model groove or the laser tangent plane of surface level.
4. according to the energy Pile Soil load described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, temperature transport mechanism model test apparatus, it is characterized in that described transparent soil it by the colourless hole liquid of perfluor cyclic polymer and identical refractive index through getting the raw materials ready, be mixed, to vacuumize step formulated, described perfluor cyclic polymer is the particle of particle diameter 0.25 ㎜～2.0 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.34, density 2.03g/ ㎝
3, transmittance 95 ﹪, water absorptivity < 0.01 ﹪; The physical characteristics of described transparent soil is: density 1.53 g/ ㎝
3～2.0g/ ㎝
3, severe 15kN/m
3～20kN/m
3, packing 20 ﹪～80 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 30 °～31 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 8MPa～50MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.45; Described hole liquid is a kind of in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or alcoholic solution or calcium bromide solution.
5. energy Pile Soil load according to claim 4, temperature transport mechanism model test apparatus, it is characterized in that that described perfluor cyclic polymer particle 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪.
6. according to the energy Pile Soil load described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, temperature transport mechanism model test apparatus, it is characterized in that described transparent soil it by the colourless hole liquid of perfluor cyclic polymer and identical refractive index through getting the raw materials ready, be mixed, vacuumize, consolidation step is formulated, described perfluor cyclic polymer is the particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.34, density 2.03g/ ㎝
3, transmittance 95 ﹪, water absorptivity < 0.01 ﹪; The physical characteristics of described transparent soil is: density 1.63g/ ㎝
3～2.0g/ ㎝
3, severe 16kN/m
3～20kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 1kPa～3kPa, 19 °～22 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.20～0.35; Described hole liquid is a kind of in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or alcoholic solution or calcium bromide solution.
7. energy Pile Soil load, a temperature transport mechanism model test method, is characterized in that it comprises following process:
(1) modeling: make respectively transparent model groove and transparent energy stake according to testing requirements, described transparent energy stake is hollow, and its underseal closes, and is furnished with heat-transfer pipe in transparent energy stake, stake side is embedded with fiber grating, and the stake end, is embedded with soil pressure cell;
(2) install: transparent energy stake is inserted to transparent model groove and inserted transparent soil; Heat-transfer pipe connects with cold cycling mechanism; In transparent model groove Wai Yice travel mechanism, install lasing light emitter, the face of facing outside transparent model groove, the face of overlooking are installed respectively digital camera, and digital camera connects with treating apparatus by data line; Open lasing light emitter, check the particle tangent plane lightness that it forms at transparent inside soil body, adjust laser angle, make tangent plane vertical incidence, by transparent energy pile center line; Open digital camera, adjust digital camera lens, can include whole test picture;
(3) test: according to experimental design, load on transparent energy stake stake top, and according to design temperature, pile body is carried out to temperature control; By digital camera, recorded the situation of change of pile peripheral earth speckle field and transparency, record data are sent into treating apparatus by data line, and distortion reading and the temperature reading of record stake optical fiber grating, and the reading of stake end soil pressure cell;
Repetitive process (1)～process (3), can the Pile Soil in different pile peripheral earth characteristics, different pile foundation form and piles with different temperature situation conduct heat and load transfer mechanism by treating apparatus observation and analysis, complete the model test of energy Pile Soil load, temperature transport mechanism.
8. energy Pile Soil load according to claim 7, temperature transport mechanism model test method, it is characterized in that process (2) in, described cold cycling mechanism comprises Water Tank with Temp.-controlled, water pump, heat-transfer pipe connects with Water Tank with Temp.-controlled by water pump, and the thermostatted water in thermostatted water 2 is circulated between heat-transfer pipe and Water Tank with Temp.-controlled; Described travel mechanism comprises base, and base is provided with support, is provided with slide bar between support, and it is upper that described lasing light emitter is arranged on pole, and pole is arranged on slide bar by slide block; Described lasing light emitter can vertically move on pole, and described pole can move horizontally on slide bar, makes lasing light emitter can form at an arbitrary position the vertical face of transparent model groove or the laser tangent plane of surface level.
9. according to the energy Pile Soil load described in claim 7 or 8, temperature transport mechanism model test method, it is characterized in that process (2) in, described in insert transparent mount and draw together and get the raw materials ready, be mixed, vacuumize step:
Described getting the raw materials ready as selection particle diameter is the perfluor cyclic polymer particle of 0.25 ㎜～2.0 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, cleans impurity and dries described perfluor cyclic polymer refractive index 1.34, density 2.03g/ ㎝
3, transmittance 95 ﹪, water absorptivity < 0.01 ﹪; Select colourless hole liquid, regulator solution concentration, makes the refractive index of hole liquid consistent with the refractive index of perfluor cyclic polymer; Described hole liquid is a kind of in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or alcoholic solution or calcium bromide solution;
That described perfluor cyclic polymer particle 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪;
Described being mixed as according to the size calculative determination perfluor cyclic polymer particle of test condition and sample and the consumption of hole liquid, first inserts the layering of perfluor cyclic polymer particle in transparent model groove, and divides and hit reality 3～4 times; Then in transparent model groove, inject hole liquid;
Or first deployed hole liquid is contained in transparent model groove, and perfluor cyclic polymer particle is poured in transparent model groove slowly, evenly, dispersedly, in toppling process, constantly stir and discharge bubble, and keep perfluor cyclic polymer particle all the time below hole liquid levels;
Described vacuumizing as utilizing vacuum extractor to extract the bubble between perfluor cyclic polymer particle, utilizes suction ball to pump the hole liquid that exceeds perfluor cyclic polymer particle, makes the transparent soil of simulation saturated sand, and its physical characteristics is: density 1.53g/ ㎝
3～2.0g/ ㎝
3, severe 15kN/m
3～20kN/m
3, packing 20 ﹪～80 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 30 °～31 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 8MPa～50MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.45.
10. according to the energy Pile Soil load described in claim 7 or 8, temperature transport mechanism model test method, it is characterized in that process (2) in, described in insert transparent mount draw together get the raw materials ready, be mixed, vacuumize, consolidation step:
Described getting the raw materials ready as selecting the perfluor cyclic polymer particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, cleans impurity and dries described perfluor cyclic polymer refractive index 1.34, density 2.03g/ ㎝
3, transmittance 95 ﹪, water absorptivity < 0.01 ﹪; Select colourless hole liquid, regulator solution concentration, makes the refractive index of hole liquid consistent with the refractive index of perfluor cyclic polymer; Described hole liquid is a kind of in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or alcoholic solution or calcium bromide solution;
Described being mixed as according to the size calculative determination perfluor cyclic polymer particle of test condition and sample and the consumption of hole liquid, first inserts the layering of perfluor cyclic polymer particle in transparent model groove, and divides and hit reality 3～4 times; Then in transparent model groove, inject hole liquid;
Or first deployed hole liquid is contained in transparent model groove, and perfluor cyclic polymer particle is poured in transparent model groove slowly, evenly, dispersedly, in toppling process, constantly stir and discharge bubble, and keep perfluor cyclic polymer particle all the time below hole liquid levels;
Described vacuumizing as utilizing vacuum extractor to extract the bubble between perfluor cyclic polymer particle, utilizes suction ball to pump the hole liquid that exceeds perfluor cyclic polymer particle;
Described fixed fixed for carrying out in consolidometer, making transparent solid material is perfluor cyclic polymer particle, the transparent soil of simulation saturated clay, and its physical characteristics is: density 1.63g/ ㎝
3～2.0g/ ㎝
3, severe 16kN/m
3～20kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 1kPa～3kPa, 19 °～22 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.20～0.35.
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Cited By (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104142357A (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2014-11-12 | 河海大学 | Energy pile measurement device and method |
| CN104878785A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2015-09-02 | 湖北工业大学 | Pile-soil interaction and pile-end soil constitutive model and parameter determining method thereof |
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| CN111798144A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-10-20 | 大连海事大学 | Energy pile bridge deck deicing system evaluation method based on body |
| WO2021087789A1 (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2021-05-14 | 大连理工大学 | Submarine landslide evolution process simulation system and experiment method based on transparent soil and rotating tank |
| CN113834842A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-12-24 | 重庆大学 | Energy pile group pile temperature-deformation measurement transparent soil test device and test method thereof |
| CN114324121A (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-04-12 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Visual teaching system for seepage heat exchange of fractured rock mass |
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| WO2021087789A1 (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2021-05-14 | 大连理工大学 | Submarine landslide evolution process simulation system and experiment method based on transparent soil and rotating tank |
| CN110954352B (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-08-27 | 深圳大学 | Energy underground structure model experiment test system |
| CN110954352A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-03 | 深圳大学 | Energy underground structure model experiment test system |
| CN111305284B (en) * | 2020-02-22 | 2020-12-29 | 重庆大学 | Bridge pile foundation erosion model test device and method based on transparent soil |
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