CN103913360A - Application of kryocide in preparation of transparent soil, prepared transparent soil and production method of transparent soil - Google Patents
Application of kryocide in preparation of transparent soil, prepared transparent soil and production method of transparent soil Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103913360A CN103913360A CN201410177604.3A CN201410177604A CN103913360A CN 103913360 A CN103913360 A CN 103913360A CN 201410177604 A CN201410177604 A CN 201410177604A CN 103913360 A CN103913360 A CN 103913360A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cryolite
- particle
- transparent soil
- refractive index
- hole liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Abstract
The invention discloses a kryocide which is used as a transparent solid material for preparing transparent soil. The kryocide comprise particles with diameter being 0.25mm-2.0mm or less than or equal to 0.074mm; the particles are irregularly shaped, with refractive index being 1.338-1.339 and density being 2.97g/cm<3>-3.0g/cm<3>. A preparation method of the transparent soil comprises the following steps: preparing kryocide particles and colorless pore liquid with a refractive index being as same as that of the kryocide particles, mixing the kryocide particles with the colorless pore liquid, vacuumizing and solidifying. Physical properties and mechanical properties of the prepared transparent soil can meet the requirement of simulation of saturated sand or clay. The transparent soil is high in transparency, low in cost, non-toxic and innocuous, good in similarity of natural soil property, capable of widely replacing natural soil for simulating complex geological conditions and effectively applicable to model test in geotechnical engineering.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of transparent soil and production method, specifically adopt the transparent solid material of low-refraction and the transparent soil of colourless hole liquid dosage and a production method for identical refractive index, particularly relate to a kind of cryolite in preparation the application in transparent soil and made transparent soil and production method.
Background technology
In model test aspect Geotechnical Engineering, research soil body internal deformation rule and mechanism, significant to exploring geotechnical engineering problems essence.Traditional soil deformation measuring method is to bury a series of sensors underground at inside soil body, obtain the displacement of some discrete point, but sensor is easily subject to the impact of external environment disturbance, measurement result is often not accurate enough, can not provide the whole displacement field of inside soil body continuous modification simultaneously.Modern digital image technique is also confined to measure macroscopic view or the border deformation of the soil body, can not realize visual to soil body internal deformation.Utilize X-ray, gamma-radiation, Computerized chromatographic scanning (cat scan) and mr imaging technique (MRI) although can be used for measuring the continuous modification of inside soil body, expensive costs constraints the widespread use of these technology.Utilize artificial synthetic transparent soil can realize the visual of soil body internal deformation in conjunction with optical observation and image processing techniques, its expense is cheap, easy and simple to handle.But its prerequisite is that acquisition transparency is higher, and the character artificial synthetic transparent soil similar to the natural soil body.The existing different materials system that adopts is joined transparent soil at present, and obtained some achievements, but its transparency interaction is limited, and transparent transparent thickness is limited, thereby cannot in relatively larger model, test, affect reliability and the replicability of model test result.
Document 1:Allersma, H. G. B., 1982, " Photo-Elastic Stress Analysis and Strains in Simple Shear; " Proceedings, IUTAM Symposium on Deformation and Failure of Granular Materials, Delft, edited by P. A. Vermeer and H. J. Luger, pp. 345-353.
In document 1, nineteen eighty-two, Allersma has proposed to mix with the liquid of cullet (refractive index is 1.4738) material and identical refractive index, and system is joined transparent soil.Existent defect: the one, cullet corner angle easily cause incident light reflection; The 2nd, the fundamental characteristics of cullet material and soil body fundamental characteristics differ larger; The 3rd, make the transparent penus being made in trnaslucent materials, non-transparent material.
Document 2:Iskander, M., Lai, J., Oswald, C., and Mainnheimer, R., 1994, " Development of a Transparent Material to Model the Geotechnical Properties of Soils, "
geotech. Test. J., Vol. 17 (4), pp. 425-433.
Document 3:Iskander, M., Liu, J., and Sadek, S., 2002a, " Transparent Silica Gels to Model the Geotechnical Properties of Sand, "
int. J. Phys. Modell. Geotech.,vol. 2 (4), pp. 27-40.
Document 4:Iskander, M., Liu, J., and Sadek, S., 2002b, " Transparent Amorphous Silica to Model clay, "
j. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., Vol. 128 (3), pp. 262-273.
Document 5:Liu, J. Y., Iskander, M., and Sadek, S., 2003, " Consolidation and Permeability of Transparent Amorphous Silica, "
geotech. Test. J., Vol. 26 (4), pp. 390-401.
In document 2～5,1998,2002, the Pore Solution system that Iskander et al. utilizes industrial unformed silica powder or gel (refractive index is 1.447) and has a respective indices of refraction was made a kind of artificial synthetic transparent soil.Existent defect: the one, because unformed silica powder or gel are porous medium, inner fine duct is more, and the artificial synthetic transparent native compressibility of making is larger, and the natural soil body still exists larger difference; The 2nd, the saturated difficulty of its vacuum is larger, has affected transparent effect; The 3rd, thickness that can be transparent, about 12 ㎝ left and right, has limited the further application of artificial synthetic transparent soil in Geotechnical Engineering model test.
Document 6: Wu Mingxi, 2006, manually synthetic transparent sand and Study on Triaxial Tests [D] thereof. Master's thesis, Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, pp. 18-21.
Document 7: Sui Wanghua, Gao Yue. transparent native experimental technique status and prospects [J]. coal journal, 36 (4): 577-582.
Document 8:Cao, Z. H., Liu, J. Y., and Liu, H. L., 2011, " Transparent Fused Silica to Model Natural Sand, " Pan-Am CGS Geotechnical Conference.
Document 9:Ezzein, F. M., and Bathurst, R. J., 2011, " A Transparent Sand for Geotechnical Laboratory Modeling, "
geotech. Test. J., Vol. 34 (6), pp. 590-601.
Document 10:Guzman, I. L., Iskander, M., Suescun-Florez, E., and Omidvar, M., 2013, " A Transparent Aqueous-Saturated Sand Surrogate for Use in Physical Modeling, "
acta Geotechnica, published on line, July 2013.
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11440-013-0247-2
In document 6～10,2006,2013 etc., the liquid that the people such as Wu Mingxi utilize fused quartz sand (refractive index is 1.4585) and have a respective indices of refraction was joined a kind of artificial synthetic transparent soil as miscella or calcium bromide solution system.Existent defect: the one, calcium bromide solution has strong corrosion, and operability is poor; The 2nd, fused quartz sand purity is lower, and price is relatively high, and this has also limited its widespread use in model test; The 3rd, because the refractive index of fused quartz sand is relatively high, the calcium bromide solution of preparation respective indices of refraction, dense; Along with the variation of temperature, calcium bromide crystal is easily separated out, thereby affects the refractive index of calcium bromide solution.
Prior art data shows, prepares the solid particle of transparent soil and mainly selects quartzy class material, and the refractive index of its solid particle itself is between 1.44～1.46; Select Pyrex material, the refractive index of its solid particle itself is between 1.46～1.48.Can realize although utilize organic oil to prepare transparent soil, but organic oil often has cohesiveness, simulate cohesive soil feasible with this, simulation sandy soil is improper.While utilizing the transparent soil of water-soluble solution preparation (refractive index of water is between 1.309～1.333), require solution concentration relatively high, for example, and now crystal (is easily separated out, the concentration of its solution at 1.458,20 DEG C of temperature of the index modulation of calcium bromide solution need to be reached to 65 ﹪ left and right, and under this concentration, calcium bromide solution is easy to because reasons such as the variations of temperature, appearance crystal is separated out phenomenon), thus concentration changed, affect its refractive index.
Cryolite (Cryolite) is a kind of mineral, chemistry hexafluoro sodium aluminate (Na by name
3alF
6), monoclinic system, column crystal or blocks, odorlessness, easily water suction is made moist, 1009 DEG C of fusing points, mohs hardness 2.5, density 2.97 g/㎝
3～3.0g/ ㎝
3refractive index 1.338～1.339, birefraction 0.001, positive photosensitiveness, dispersion values 0.024, vitreous luster is to oily luster, transparent, colourless, white, brown or redness, originate in and invade in gneissose grouan and pegmatite dike, the main place of production is Greenland, and the methods such as available hydrogen fluoric acid method, hydrofluosilicic acid method, carbonation method are manually synthetic.The main flux as aluminium electroloysis; Also as the anti-wear additive of abrasive product, can effectively improve emery wheel wear-resisting, cut, cut power, extend emery wheel serviceable life and storage time; The flux of ferroalloy and rimming steel, non-ferrous metal flux, the deoxidizer of casting, polymerization of olefins catalyzer, and for glass antireflecting coating, the emulsifying agent of enamel, the opalizer of glass, the filling agent of the flux ceramics of wlding, the agrochemical industry and enterprise of agricultural chemicals.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of transparent solid material of low-refraction and the transparent soil of water-soluble solution preparation and production method of identical refractive index of adopting, described refractive index is between 1.338～1.339; Be specially cryolite in preparation the application in transparent soil and made transparent soil and production method.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize its goal of the invention, the application of a kind of cryolite in the transparent soil of preparation, while preparing transparent soil, transparent solid material adopts cryolite, described cryolite is the particle of particle diameter 0.25 ㎜～2.0 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.338～1.339, density 2.97 g/㎝
3～3.0g/ ㎝
3.
A kind of transparent soil, it by the colourless hole liquid of cryolite and identical refractive index through getting the raw materials ready, mixture, to vacuumize step formulated, described cryolite is the particle of particle diameter 0.25 ㎜～2.0 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.338～1.339, density 2.97g/ ㎝
3～3.0g/ ㎝
3; The physical characteristics of described transparent soil is: density 1.98g/ ㎝
3～2.5g/ ㎝
3, severe 19kN/m
3～25kN/m
3, packing 20 ﹪～80 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 34 °～35 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 12MPa～71MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.45.
That cryolite particle of the present invention 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪.
Hole liquid of the present invention is the one in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or alcoholic solution or calcium bromide solution.
A production method for transparent soil, it comprises the following steps:
(1) get the raw materials ready: selecting particle diameter is the cryolite particle of 0.25 ㎜～2.0 ㎜, and its particle is irregularly shaped, clean impurity and dry described cryolite refractive index 1.338～1.339, density 2.97g/ ㎝
3～3.0g/ ㎝
3; Select colourless hole liquid, regulator solution concentration, makes the refractive index of hole liquid and the refractive index of cryolite consistent;
The present invention step (1) in, that described cryolite particle 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪.
The present invention step (1) in, described hole liquid is the one in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or alcoholic solution or calcium bromide solution.
(2) mixture: according to the size calculative determination cryolite particle of test condition and sample and the consumption of hole liquid, first the layering of cryolite particle is inserted in mould, and divided and hit reality 3～4 times; Then in mould, inject hole liquid;
Or first deployed hole liquid is contained in container, and cryolite particle is poured in container slowly, evenly, dispersedly, in toppling process, constantly stir and discharge bubble, and keep cryolite particle all the time below hole liquid levels;
(3) vacuumize: utilize vacuum extractor to extract the bubble between cryolite particle, utilize suction ball to pump the hole liquid that exceeds cryolite particle, make the transparent soil of simulation saturated sand, its physical characteristics is: density 1.98 g/ ㎝
3～2.5g/ ㎝
3, severe 19kN/m
3～25kN/m
3, packing 20 ﹪～80 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 34 °～35 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 12MPa～71MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.45.
The application of cryolite in the transparent soil of preparation, while preparing transparent soil, transparent solid material adopts cryolite, and described cryolite is the particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜, and its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.338～1.339, density 2.97/ ㎝
3～3.0 g/ ㎝
3.
A kind of transparent soil, it by the colourless hole liquid of cryolite and identical refractive index through getting the raw materials ready, mixture, vacuumize, consolidation step is formulated, described cryolite is the particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.338～1.339, density 2.97 g/ ㎝
3～3.0g/ ㎝
3; The physical characteristics of described transparent soil is: density 1.98g/ ㎝
3～2.5g/ ㎝
3, severe 20kN/m
3～26kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 1kPa～3kPa, 22 °～26 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.20～0.35.
Hole liquid of the present invention is the one in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or alcoholic solution or calcium bromide solution.
A production method for transparent soil, it comprises the following steps:
(1) get the raw materials ready: select the cryolite particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, clean impurity and dry described cryolite refractive index 1.338～1.339, density 2.97 g/㎝
3～3.0 g/ ㎝
3; Select colourless hole liquid, regulator solution concentration, makes the refractive index of hole liquid and the refractive index of cryolite consistent;
The present invention step (1) in, described hole liquid is the one in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or alcoholic solution or calcium bromide solution.
(2) mixture: according to the size calculative determination cryolite particle of test condition and sample and the consumption of hole liquid, first the layering of cryolite particle is inserted in mould, and divided and hit reality 3～4 times; Then in mould, inject hole liquid;
Or first deployed hole liquid is contained in container, and cryolite particle is poured in container slowly, evenly, dispersedly, in toppling process, constantly stir and discharge bubble, and keep cryolite particle all the time below hole liquid levels;
(3) vacuumize: utilize vacuum extractor to extract the bubble between cryolite particle, utilize suction ball to pump the hole liquid that exceeds cryolite particle;
(4) fixed: in consolidometer, carry out fixed, make simulation saturated clay transparent soil, its physical characteristics is: density 1.98g/ ㎝
3～2.5g/ ㎝
3, severe 20kN/m
3～26kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 1kPa～3kPa, 22 °～26 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.20～0.35.
Owing to adopting technique scheme, the present invention has realized goal of the invention preferably, and transparent solid material adopts cryolite particle, has colourless, tasteless, nontoxic, pollution-free, the high grade of transparency, low-refraction characteristic; The hole liquid water white transparency using, nontoxic, pollution-free, wide material sources, easily obtain and allocate; Compound method is easy, is easy to realize, and the transparent native transparency of preparation is high, cheap, nontoxic, good with the similarity of natural earth volume property, can extensively substitute nature soil, is used for the geologic condition of Simulation of Complex, effectively for the model test of Geotechnical Engineering.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1:
The application of cryolite in the transparent soil of preparation, while preparing transparent soil, transparent solid material adopts cryolite, and described cryolite is the particle of particle diameter 0.25 ㎜～2.0 ㎜, and its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.338～1.339, density 2.97g/ ㎝
3～3.0g/ ㎝
3.
A kind of transparent soil, it by the colourless hole liquid of cryolite and identical refractive index through getting the raw materials ready, mixture, to vacuumize step formulated, described cryolite is the particle of particle diameter 0.25 ㎜～2.0 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.338～1.339, density 2.97g/ ㎝
3～3.0g/ ㎝
3; The physical characteristics of described transparent soil is: density 1.98g/ ㎝
3～2.5g/ ㎝
3, severe 19kN/m
3～25kN/m
3, packing 20 ﹪～80 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 34 °～35 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 12MPa～71MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.45.
That cryolite particle of the present invention 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪.
Hole liquid of the present invention is the one in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or alcoholic solution or calcium bromide solution.
Transparent soil described in the present embodiment can be used to simulate saturated sand.
A production method for transparent soil, it comprises the following steps:
(1) get the raw materials ready: selecting particle diameter is the cryolite particle of 0.25 ㎜～2.0 ㎜, and its particle is irregularly shaped, clean impurity and dry described cryolite refractive index 1.338～1.339, density 2.97g/ ㎝
3～3.0g/ ㎝
3; Select colourless hole liquid, regulator solution concentration, makes the refractive index of hole liquid and the refractive index of cryolite consistent;
The present invention step (1) in, that described cryolite particle 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪.
The present invention step (1) in, described hole liquid is the one in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or alcoholic solution or calcium bromide solution.
The present embodiment is selected density 2.97g/ ㎝
3, refractive index 1.338 cryolite particle, that 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 0.5 ㎜ is 30 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 30 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 20 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 20 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪, mixed; Hole liquid is sugar juice, and described sugar is sucrose.Modulation solution concentration (the present embodiment concentration is 3.5 ﹪), (the present embodiment is 20 in test temperature to utilize Abbe refractometer to measure sucrose solution
oc) refractive index (the present embodiment is 1.338) under, makes it consistent with the refractive index of cryolite.
(2) mixture:
According to the size calculative determination cryolite particle of test condition and sample and the consumption of hole liquid, first the layering of cryolite particle is inserted in mould, and point hit reality 3～4 times, taking the packing of Control Assay as 20 ﹪～80 ﹪; Then in mould, inject hole liquid, leave standstill 24 hours～48 hours;
The present embodiment in mould, insert a certain amount of after, cryolite particle is carried out to precompressed; Divide and hit reality 3 times, the packing of Control Assay is 50 ﹪; Then in mould, inject hole liquid, leave standstill 24 hours;
(3) vacuumize: utilize vacuum extractor to extract the bubble between cryolite particle, utilize suction ball to pump the hole liquid that exceeds cryolite particle, make the transparent soil of simulation saturated sand, its physical characteristics is: density 1.98 g/ ㎝
3～2.5g/ ㎝
3, severe 19kN/m
3～25kN/m
3, packing 20 ﹪～80 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 34 °～35 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 12MPa～71MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.45.
The physical characteristics of the made transparent soil of the present embodiment is: density 1.98g/ ㎝
3, severe 19kN/m
3, packing 50 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 34 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 20MPa, Poisson ratio 0.4.
Embodiment 2:
Step (1) in, select density 3.0g/ ㎝
3, refractive index 1.339 cryolite particle, that 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 35 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 35 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 20 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪, mixed; Described hole liquid is sodium chloride solution, modulation solution concentration (the present embodiment concentration is 4.2 ﹪), and (the present embodiment is 20 in test temperature to utilize Abbe refractometer to measure sodium chloride solution
oc) refractive index (the present embodiment is 1.339) under, makes it consistent with the refractive index of cryolite.
Step (2) in, according to the size calculative determination cryolite particle of test condition and sample and the consumption of hole liquid, first deployed hole liquid is contained in container, and cryolite particle is poured in container slowly, evenly, dispersedly, in toppling process, constantly stir and discharge bubble, and keep cryolite particle all the time below hole liquid levels;
The physical characteristics of the made transparent soil of the present embodiment is: density 2.5g/ ㎝
3, severe 25kN/m
3, packing 70 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 35 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 55MPa, Poisson ratio 0.35.
Remaining with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
Step (1) in, select density 3.0g/ ㎝
3, refractive index 1.338 cryolite particle, that 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 0.5 ㎜ is 25 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 25 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 25 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 25 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪, mixed; Described hole liquid is alcoholic solution, and its concentration is 12 ﹪;
Step (2) in, its packing of Control Assay is 60 ﹪.
The physical characteristics of the made transparent soil of the present embodiment is: density 2.3g/ ㎝
3, severe 23kN/m
3, packing 60 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 35 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 45MPa, Poisson ratio 0.35.
Remaining with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4:
Step (1) in, select density 2.99g/ ㎝
3, refractive index 1.338 cryolite particle, that 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 0.5 ㎜ is 30 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 20 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 20 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 30 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪, mixed; Described hole liquid is calcium bromide solution, and its concentration is 1 ﹪;
Step (2) in, its packing of Control Assay is 50 ﹪.
The physical characteristics of the made transparent soil of the present embodiment is: density 2.1g/ ㎝
3, severe 21kN/m
3, packing 50 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 35 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 45MPa, Poisson ratio 0.3.
Remaining with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5:
The application of cryolite in the transparent soil of preparation, while preparing transparent soil, transparent solid material adopts cryolite, and described cryolite is the particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜, and its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.338～1.339, density 2.97/ ㎝
3～3.0 g/ ㎝
3.
A kind of transparent soil, it by the colourless hole liquid of cryolite and identical refractive index through getting the raw materials ready, mixture, vacuumize, consolidation step is formulated, described cryolite is the particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.338～1.339, density 2.97/ ㎝
3～3.0 g/ ㎝
3; The physical characteristics of described transparent soil is: density 1.98g/ ㎝
3～2.5g/ ㎝
3, severe 20kN/m
3～26kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 1kPa～3kPa, 22 °～26 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.20～0.35.
Hole liquid of the present invention is the one in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or alcoholic solution or calcium bromide solution.
Transparent soil described in the present embodiment can be used to simulate saturated clay.
A production method for transparent soil, it comprises the following steps:
(1) get the raw materials ready: select the cryolite particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, clean impurity and dry described cryolite refractive index 1.338～1.339, density 2.97g/ ㎝
3～3.0 g/ ㎝
3; Select colourless hole liquid, regulator solution concentration, makes the refractive index of hole liquid and the refractive index of cryolite consistent;
The present invention step (1) in, described hole liquid is the one in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or alcoholic solution or calcium bromide solution.
The present embodiment is selected density 2.97g/ ㎝
3, refractive index 1.338, particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜ cryolite particle; Hole liquid is sugar juice, and described sugar is sucrose.Modulation solution concentration (the present embodiment concentration is 3.5 ﹪), (the present embodiment is 20 in test temperature to utilize Abbe refractometer to measure sucrose solution
oc) refractive index (the present embodiment is 1.338) under, makes it consistent with the refractive index of cryolite.
(2) mixture: according to the size calculative determination cryolite particle of test condition and sample and the consumption of hole liquid, first the layering of cryolite particle is inserted in mould, and divided and hit reality 3～4 times, with the density of Control Assay; Then in mould, inject hole liquid, leave standstill 24 hours～48 hours;
The present embodiment in mould, insert a certain amount of after, cryolite particle is carried out to precompressed; Divide and hit reality 3 times, with the density of Control Assay; Then in mould, inject hole liquid, leave standstill 24 hours;
(3) vacuumize: utilize vacuum extractor to extract the bubble between cryolite particle, make it reach abundant state of saturation, utilize suction ball to pump the hole liquid that exceeds cryolite particle;
(4) fixed: in consolidometer, carry out fixed, make simulation saturated clay transparent soil, its physical characteristics is: density 1.98g/ ㎝
3～2.5g/ ㎝
3, severe 20kN/m
3～26kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 1kPa～3kPa, 22 °～26 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.20～0.35.
The physical characteristics of the made transparent soil of the present embodiment is: density 2.0g/ ㎝
3, severe 21kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 1kPa, 23 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 5MPa, Poisson ratio 0.30.
Embodiment 6:
Step (1) in, select density 3.0g/ ㎝
3, refractive index 1.338, particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜ cryolite particle; Described hole liquid is sodium chloride solution, and its concentration is 4.1 ﹪;
Step (2) in, according to the size calculative determination cryolite particle of test condition and sample and the consumption of hole liquid, first deployed hole liquid is contained in container, and cryolite particle is poured in container slowly, evenly, dispersedly, in toppling process, constantly stir and discharge bubble, and keep cryolite particle all the time below hole liquid levels;
The physical characteristics of the made transparent soil of the present embodiment is: density 2.3g/ ㎝
3, severe 24kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 1.5; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 3kPa, 23 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 8MPa, Poisson ratio 0.25.
Remaining with embodiment 5.
Embodiment 7:
Step (1) in, select density 2.98g/ ㎝
3, refractive index 1.338, particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜ cryolite particle; Described hole liquid is alcoholic solution, and its concentration is 12 ﹪;
The physical characteristics of the made transparent soil of the present embodiment is: density 2.3g/ ㎝
3, severe 23kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 1; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 2kPa, 24 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 6MPa, Poisson ratio 0.30.
Remaining with embodiment 5.
Embodiment 8:
Step (1) in, select density 3.0g/ ㎝
3, refractive index 1.338, particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜ cryolite particle; Described hole liquid is calcium bromide solution, and its concentration is 1 ﹪;
The physical characteristics of the made transparent soil of the present embodiment is: density 2.3g/ ㎝
3, severe 26kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 2; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 3kPa, 6 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.25.
Remaining with embodiment 5.
Claims (10)
1. the application of cryolite in the transparent soil of preparation, while it is characterized in that preparing transparent soil, transparent solid material adopts cryolite, described cryolite is the particle of particle diameter 0.25 ㎜～2.0 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.338～1.339, density 2.97 g/㎝
3～3.0g/ ㎝
3.
2. the application of cryolite in the transparent soil of preparation, while it is characterized in that preparing transparent soil, transparent solid material adopts cryolite, and described cryolite is the particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜, and its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.338～1.339, density 2.97/ ㎝
3～3.0 g/ ㎝
3.
3. a transparent soil, it is characterized in that it by the colourless hole liquid of cryolite and identical refractive index through getting the raw materials ready, mixture, to vacuumize step formulated, described cryolite is the particle of particle diameter 0.25 ㎜～2.0 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.338～1.339, density 2.97g/ ㎝
3～3.0g/ ㎝
3; The physical characteristics of described transparent soil is: density 1.98g/ ㎝
3～2.5g/ ㎝
3, severe 19kN/m
3～25kN/m
3, packing 20 ﹪～80 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 34 °～35 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 12MPa～71MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.45.
4. transparent soil according to claim 3, it is characterized in that that described cryolite particle 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪.
5. a transparent soil, it is characterized in that it by the colourless hole liquid of cryolite and identical refractive index through getting the raw materials ready, mixture, vacuumize, consolidation step is formulated, described cryolite is the particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.338～1.339, density 2.97 g/ ㎝
3～3.0g/ ㎝
3; The physical characteristics of described transparent soil is: density 1.98g/ ㎝
3～2.5g/ ㎝
3, severe 20kN/m
3～26kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 1kPa～3kPa, 22 °～26 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.20～0.35.
6. according to the transparent soil described in claim 3 or 4 or 5, it is characterized in that described hole liquid is the one in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or alcoholic solution or calcium bromide solution.
7. a production method for transparent soil, is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1) get the raw materials ready: selecting particle diameter is the cryolite particle of 0.25 ㎜～2.0 ㎜, and its particle is irregularly shaped, clean impurity and dry described cryolite refractive index 1.338～1.339, density 2.97g/ ㎝
3～3.0g/ ㎝
3; Select colourless hole liquid, regulator solution concentration, makes the refractive index of hole liquid and the refractive index of cryolite consistent;
(2) mixture: according to the size calculative determination cryolite particle of test condition and sample and the consumption of hole liquid, first the layering of cryolite particle is inserted in mould, and divided and hit reality 3～4 times; Then in mould, inject hole liquid;
Or first deployed hole liquid is contained in container, and cryolite particle is poured in container slowly, evenly, dispersedly, in toppling process, constantly stir and discharge bubble, and keep cryolite particle all the time below hole liquid levels;
(3) vacuumize: utilize vacuum extractor to extract the bubble between cryolite particle, utilize suction ball to pump the hole liquid that exceeds cryolite particle, make the transparent soil of simulation saturated sand, its physical characteristics is: density 1.98 g/ ㎝
3～2.5g/ ㎝
3, severe 19kN/m
3～25kN/m
3, packing 20 ﹪～80 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 34 °～35 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 12MPa～71MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.45.
8. the production method of transparent soil according to claim 7, it is characterized in that step (1) in, that described cryolite particle 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, by weight, adds up to 100 ﹪.
9. a production method for transparent soil, is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1) get the raw materials ready: select the cryolite particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜, its particle is irregularly shaped, clean impurity and dry described cryolite refractive index 1.338～1.339, density 2.97 g/㎝
3～3.0 g/ ㎝
3; Select colourless hole liquid, regulator solution concentration, makes the refractive index of hole liquid and the refractive index of cryolite consistent;
(2) mixture: according to the size calculative determination cryolite particle of test condition and sample and the consumption of hole liquid, first the layering of cryolite particle is inserted in mould, and divided and hit reality 3～4 times; Then in mould, inject hole liquid;
Or first deployed hole liquid is contained in container, and cryolite particle is poured in container slowly, evenly, dispersedly, in toppling process, constantly stir and discharge bubble, and keep cryolite particle all the time below hole liquid levels;
(3) vacuumize: utilize vacuum extractor to extract the bubble between cryolite particle, utilize suction ball to pump the hole liquid that exceeds cryolite particle;
(4) fixed: in consolidometer, carry out fixed, make simulation saturated clay transparent soil, its physical characteristics is: density 1.98g/ ㎝
3～2.5g/ ㎝
3, severe 20kN/m
3～26kN/m
3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3; Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 1kPa～3kPa, 22 °～26 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.20～0.35.
10. according to the production method of transparent soil described in claim 7 or 8 or 9, it is characterized in that step (1) in, described hole liquid is the one in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or alcoholic solution or calcium bromide solution.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410177604.3A CN103913360A (en) | 2014-04-30 | 2014-04-30 | Application of kryocide in preparation of transparent soil, prepared transparent soil and production method of transparent soil |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410177604.3A CN103913360A (en) | 2014-04-30 | 2014-04-30 | Application of kryocide in preparation of transparent soil, prepared transparent soil and production method of transparent soil |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103913360A true CN103913360A (en) | 2014-07-09 |
Family
ID=51039208
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410177604.3A Pending CN103913360A (en) | 2014-04-30 | 2014-04-30 | Application of kryocide in preparation of transparent soil, prepared transparent soil and production method of transparent soil |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103913360A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104502180A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2015-04-08 | 河海大学 | Application of natural silica material in preparation of transparent rock and transparent rock body |
| CN105136534A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-12-09 | 宁波大学 | Operation method of preparing transparent soil under vacuum situation |
| CN105699289A (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2016-06-22 | 河海大学 | Testing device for internal friction force of PCC piles and use method thereof |
| CN105716970A (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2016-06-29 | 河海大学 | Visual test device for damaged form of pile-soil contact surface of specially-shaped pile and use method |
| CN106092755A (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2016-11-09 | 河海大学 | A kind of temperature control hybrid particles crushes visual test device and using method |
| CN113484119A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-10-08 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Preparation method of airplane icing mechanical property test sample |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1669976A (en) * | 2005-02-28 | 2005-09-21 | 常州一维纳米材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method of one-dimensional nano silicate clay |
| CN201819824U (en) * | 2010-09-08 | 2011-05-04 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Soil body preparation device for imitating slope seabed |
| CN103234473A (en) * | 2013-04-12 | 2013-08-07 | 哈尔滨工业大学深圳研究生院 | Test device and test method of seepage force model allowing for observation of inside of soil body |
-
2014
- 2014-04-30 CN CN201410177604.3A patent/CN103913360A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1669976A (en) * | 2005-02-28 | 2005-09-21 | 常州一维纳米材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method of one-dimensional nano silicate clay |
| CN201819824U (en) * | 2010-09-08 | 2011-05-04 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Soil body preparation device for imitating slope seabed |
| CN103234473A (en) * | 2013-04-12 | 2013-08-07 | 哈尔滨工业大学深圳研究生院 | Test device and test method of seepage force model allowing for observation of inside of soil body |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
| Title |
|---|
| CAROLYN M. GARMLING 等: "Reactive Transport in Porous Media: A Comparison of Model Prediction with Laboratory Visualization", 《ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY》 * |
| IVAN L. 等: "A transparent aqueous-saturated sand surrogate for use in physical modeling", 《ACTA GEOTECHNICA》 * |
| IVAN L. 等: "A transparent aqueous-saturated sand surrogate for use in physical modeling", 《ACTA GEOTECHNICA》, vol. 9, 19 July 2013 (2013-07-19), XP035345496, DOI: doi:10.1007/s11440-013-0247-2 * |
| PETER M. OATES 等: "Illuminating reactive microbial transport in saturated porous media: Demonstration of a visualization method and conceptual transport model", 《JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY》 * |
| 吴明喜: "人工合成透明砂土及其三轴试验研究", 《中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库（硕士）工程科技II辑》 * |
| 陈永辉 等: "透明土及其在岩土工程模型试验中的应用研究进展", 《水利水电科技进展》 * |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104502180A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2015-04-08 | 河海大学 | Application of natural silica material in preparation of transparent rock and transparent rock body |
| CN104502180B (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2017-05-24 | 河海大学 | Application of natural silica material in preparation of transparent rock and transparent rock body |
| CN105136534A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-12-09 | 宁波大学 | Operation method of preparing transparent soil under vacuum situation |
| CN105699289A (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2016-06-22 | 河海大学 | Testing device for internal friction force of PCC piles and use method thereof |
| CN105716970A (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2016-06-29 | 河海大学 | Visual test device for damaged form of pile-soil contact surface of specially-shaped pile and use method |
| CN105716970B (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2018-10-09 | 河海大学 | Shaped pile Pile-soil contact face failure mode visual test device and application method |
| CN106092755A (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2016-11-09 | 河海大学 | A kind of temperature control hybrid particles crushes visual test device and using method |
| CN113484119A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-10-08 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Preparation method of airplane icing mechanical property test sample |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103913360A (en) | Application of kryocide in preparation of transparent soil, prepared transparent soil and production method of transparent soil | |
| Alam et al. | Effects of confining pressure on the permeability of three rock types under compression | |
| CN103913359B (en) | Calcirm-fluoride is in the application prepared in transparent soil and made transparent soil and production method | |
| US9784651B2 (en) | Application of a fluorine-containing polymer in preparation of transparent frozen soil | |
| CN103926102B (en) | Energy Pile Soil load, temperature transport mechanism model test apparatus and test method | |
| CN103940853B (en) | Chemical electric osmose discrete material pile model test apparatus and test method are combined in slip casting | |
| Liu et al. | Effects of hyperalkaline solutions on the swelling pressure of compacted Gaomiaozi (GMZ) bentonite from the viewpoint of Na+ cations and OH–anions | |
| CN103940981B (en) | The solid rubble Soil-cement built pile model test apparatus of slurry and test method | |
| Niu et al. | Experimental study on crack coalescence behavior of double unparallel fissure-contained sandstone specimens subjected to freeze-thaw cycles under uniaxial compression | |
| CN103938661B (en) | Vibration sinking tube compacted model test of pile device and test method | |
| CN103926127B (en) | Frozen soil side slope modelling and frozen soil side slope model orientation explosion bulge test device and test method | |
| CN103267722A (en) | Pressure bearing permeation grouting strengthening test apparatus and method | |
| Chen et al. | Effect of inorganic silicate consolidation on the mechanical and durability performance of sandstone used in historical sites | |
| CN101614629A (en) | A kind of softrock-like material and preparation method | |
| CN109575490B (en) | Transparent clay and preparation method thereof | |
| Dan et al. | Control factors on tight sandstone reservoirs below source rocks in the Rangzijing slope zone of southern Songliao Basin, East China | |
| CN111207970B (en) | Method for improving tensile strength of full-tailing cemented filling body by using rice straws | |
| CN103926124A (en) | Application of cyclic perfluoropolymer to preparation of transparent soil, prepared transparent soil and production method of transparent soil | |
| CN103926125A (en) | Application of fluorine-containing polymer in preparation of transparent permafrost, prepared transparent permafrost, and production method | |
| CN110194611A (en) | Silty analog material and preparation method thereof | |
| Hyodo et al. | Shear strength and deformation of methane hydrate bearing sand with fines | |
| LENG et al. | Experimental study on the strength characteristics of a transparent cemented soil | |
| CN104101521A (en) | Model test foundation soil and preparation method thereof | |
| Jomaa’h | Using of local limestone as aggregate in concrete mixture | |
| Ghirian et al. | Experimental investigations of the thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical behavior of cemented paste backfill |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20140709 |