CN103913359B - Calcirm-fluoride is in the application prepared in transparent soil and made transparent soil and production method - Google Patents
Calcirm-fluoride is in the application prepared in transparent soil and made transparent soil and production method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of calcirm-fluoride and be used as transparent solid material in preparing transparent soil, described calcirm-fluoride is the particle of particle diameter 0.25～2.0 (or≤0.074), and its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.434, density 3.18g/3；Transparent soil preparation method is: include the colourless pore liquid of calcium fluoride particles and identical refractive index through getting the raw materials ready, mixture, vacuumize (and consolidation) step and prepare；The physical characteristic of made transparent soil and mechanical characteristic can meet simulation saturated sand (or clay), its transparency is high, cheap, nontoxic, good with the similitude of natural rock-filled character, nature soil be can extensively substitute, the geological conditions of complexity, the model test being efficiently used in Geotechnical Engineering are used for simulating.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of transparent soil and production method, the water-soluble solution transparent soil of preparation of a kind of transparent solid material using low-refraction and identical refractive index and production method, particularly relate to the application in the transparent soil of preparation of a kind of calcirm-fluoride and made transparent soil and production method.
Background technology
In model test in terms of Geotechnical Engineering, research soil body internal deformation rule and mechanism, to exploring, geotechnical engineering problems essence is significant.Traditional soil deformation measuring method is to bury a series of sensor underground at inside soil body, obtain the displacement of some discrete point, but sensor is easily affected by external environment disturbance, and measurement result is the most not accurate enough, the whole displacement field of inside soil body continuous modification can not be provided simultaneously.Modern digital image technology is also confined to measure macroscopic view or the border deformation of the soil body, it is impossible to realize the visualization to soil body internal deformation.Utilizing X-ray, gamma-radiation, Computerized chromatographic scanning (cat scan) and mr imaging technique (MRI) although can be used to measure the continuous modification of inside soil body, but the expense of costliness limits the extensive application of these technology.Utilize the transparent soil of Prof. Du Yucang to combine optical observation and image processing techniques can realize the visualization of soil body internal deformation, its low cost, easy and simple to handle.But its premise is that acquisition transparency is higher, and the transparent soil of Prof. Du Yucang that character is similar to natural rock-filled.Different materials system has been used to join transparent soil at present, and obtained some achievements, but its transparency interaction is limited, transparent transparent finite thickness, thus cannot test in more relatively large model, affect reliability and the replicability of model test result.
Document 1:Allersma, H. G. B., 1982, " Photo-Elastic Stress Analysis and Strains in
Simple Shear,” Proceedings, IUTAM Symposium on Deformation and Failure of
Granular Materials, Delft, edited by P. A. Vermeer and H. J. Luger, pp. 345-353.
In document 1, nineteen eighty-two, Allersma proposes and mixes with the liquid of identical refractive index with cullet (refractive index is 1.4738) material, and system joins transparent soil.Have the disadvantage that one is that cullet corner angle easily cause incident light to reflect；Two is that the fundamental characteristics of cullet material differs bigger with soil body fundamental characteristics；Three is to make the transparent penus being made in trnaslucent materials, non-transparent material.
Document 2:Iskander, M., Lai, J., Oswald, C., and Mainnheimer,
R., 1994, “Development of a Transparent Material to Model the Geotechnical
Properties of Soils,” Geotech . Test. J., Vol. 17(4), pp. 425-433.
Document 3:Iskander, M., Liu, J., and Sadek, S., 2002a, " Transparent
Silica Gels to Model the Geotechnical Properties of Sand, ”
Int. J. Phys. Modell.
Geotech., Vol. 2(4), pp. 27-40.
Document 4:Iskander, M., Liu, J., and Sadek,
S., 2002b, “Transparent Amorphous Silica to Model clay,” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., Vol. 128(3), pp. 262-273.
Document 5:Liu, J. Y., Iskander, M., and Sadek, S.,
2003, “Consolidation and Permeability of Transparent Amorphous Silica,” Geotech . Test. J., Vol. 26(4), pp. 390-401.
In document 2～5,1998,2002, Iskander et
Al. utilize industrial unformed silica powder or gel (refractive index is 1.447) and there is the pore liquid of respective indices of refraction made the transparent soil of a kind of Prof. Du Yucang.Having the disadvantage that one is that internal fine duct is more owing to unformed silica powder or gel are porous media, the Prof. Du Yucang transparent soil compressibility made is relatively big, and natural rock-filled yet suffers from bigger difference；Two is that the saturated difficulty of its vacuum is relatively big, have impact on transparent effect；Three is thickness that can be transparent, about about 12, limits the further application in Geotechnical Engineering model test of the transparent soil of Prof. Du Yucang.
Document 6: Wu Mingxi, 2006, the transparent sand of Prof. Du Yucang and Study on Triaxial Tests [D] thereof. Master's thesis, Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, pp. 18-21.
Document 7: Sui Wanghua, Gao Yue. transparent soil experimental technique status and prospects [J]. coal journal, 36 (4): 577-582.
Document 8:Cao, Z. H., Liu, J. Y., and Liu, H. L.,
2011, “Transparent Fused Silica to Model Natural Sand,” Pan-Am CGS Geotechnical
Conference.
Document 9:Ezzein, F. M., and Bathurst, R. J., 2011, " A Transparent
Sand for Geotechnical Laboratory Modeling,” Geotech . Test. J., Vol.
34(6), pp. 590-601.
Document 10:Guzman, I. L., Iskander,
M., Suescun-Florez, E., and Omidvar,
M., 2013, “A Transparent Aqueous-Saturated Sand Surrogate for Use in Physical
Modeling,” Acta Geotechnica,
published on line, July 2013.
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11440-013-0247-2
In document 6～10,2006,2013 etc., Wu Mingxi et al. utilized tekite sand (refractive index is 1.4585) and has the liquid such as miscella or calcium bromide solution system of respective indices of refraction and joined the transparent soil of a kind of Prof. Du Yucang.Having the disadvantage that one is that calcium bromide solution has aggressive, operability is poor；Two is that tekite sand purity is relatively low, and price is of a relatively high, which also limits its extensive application in model test；Three is owing to the refractive index of tekite sand is of a relatively high, the calcium bromide solution of preparation respective indices of refraction, dense；Along with the change of temperature, calcium bromide crystal easily separates out, thus affects the refractive index of calcium bromide solution.
Prior art data shows, the solid particle preparing transparent soil mainly selects quartz-like material, and the refractive index of its solid particle itself is between 1.44～1.46；Selecting borosilicate glass material, the refractive index of its solid particle itself is between 1.46～1.48.Although utilizing organic oil to prepare transparent soil it is achieved that often have cohesiveness but with machine oil, simulating cohesive soil with this feasible, simulating sandy soil the most improper.When utilizing the transparent soil of water-soluble solution preparation (refractive index of water is between 1.309～1.333), then require that solution concentration is of a relatively high, and now crystal easily separates out (such as, the concentration of its solution at a temperature of the index modulation 1.458,20 DEG C of calcium bromide solution need to be reached about 65, and under this concentration, calcium bromide solution is easy to because the reason such as change of temperature, crystal precipitation phenomenon occurs), thus change concentration, affect its refractive index.
Calcirm-fluoride, chemical formula is CaF2, it being commonly called as fluorite or fluorite, transparency is high, and colourless crystallization or white powder are insoluble in water, are slightly soluble in inorganic acid, fusing point 1402 DEG C, boiling point 2497 DEG C
, refractive index is 1.434, density 3.18g/cm3.Available calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide hydrofluoric acid dissolution, concentrate gained solution, or adds fluorine ion in calcium saline solution, obtains the gelatinous precipitate of calcirm-fluoride, can obtain through refined.Laboratory is typically with calcium carbonate and hydrofluoric acid effect or repeatedly process Fluorspar Powder with concentrated hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid and prepare calcirm-fluoride.It is mainly used in metallurgy, chemical industry and the big industry of building materials three, secondly for light industry, optics, engraving and national defense industry.
Summary of the invention
The colourless pore liquid that it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of transparent solid material using low-refraction and identical refractive index prepares transparent soil and production method, and described refractive index is 1.434；It is specially calcirm-fluoride application in preparing transparent soil and made transparent soil and production method.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that and realizes its goal of the invention, and the application in preparing transparent soil of a kind of calcirm-fluoride, when preparing transparent soil, as transparent solid material, described calcirm-fluoride is the particle of particle diameter 0.25～2.0, and its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.434, density 3.18g/3。
A kind of transparent soil, it by calcirm-fluoride with the colourless pore liquid of identical refractive index through getting the raw materials ready, mixture, vacuum step formulated, described calcirm-fluoride is the particle of particle diameter 0.25～2.0, and its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.434, density 3.18g/3；Described calcium fluoride particles 0.25≤particle diameter ＜ 0.5 for 10～50,0.5≤particle diameter ＜ 1.0 for 10～50,1.0≤particle diameter ＜ 1.5 for 10～50,1.5≤particle diameter≤2.0 for 10～50, by weight, 100 are added up to；The physical characteristic of described transparent soil is: density 1.98g/3～2.5g/3, severe 19kN/m3～25kN/m3, packing 20～80；Mechanical characteristic is: internal friction angle 34 °～35 °, elastic modelling quantity 12MPa～71MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.2～0.45.
Pore liquid of the present invention is the one in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or calcium bromide solution.
A kind of production method of transparent soil, it comprises the following steps:
(1) getting the raw materials ready: the calcium fluoride particles selecting particle diameter to be 0.25～2.0, its particle is irregularly shaped, cleans impurity and dries, described calcirm-fluoride refractive index 1.434, density 3.18g/3；Selecting colourless pore liquid, regulate solution concentration, the refractive index making pore liquid is consistent with the refractive index of calcirm-fluoride；
The present invention step (1) in, described calcium fluoride particles 0.25≤particle diameter ＜ 0.5 for 10～50,0.5≤particle diameter ＜ 1.0 for 10～50,1.0≤particle diameter ＜ 1.5 for 10～50,1.5≤particle diameter≤2.0 for 10～50, by weight, 100 are added up to；
The present invention step (1) in, described pore liquid is the one in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or calcium bromide solution.
(2) mixture: calculate the consumption determining calcium fluoride particles and pore liquid according to the size of experimental condition and sample, first calcium fluoride particles layering is inserted in mould, and point hit reality 3～4 times；Inject pore liquid the most in a mold；
Or first deployed pore liquid is filled in a reservoir, and calcium fluoride particles is poured in container slowly, uniformly, dispersedly, toppling process is stirred continuously discharge bubble, and keeps calcium fluoride particles all the time below pore liquid liquid level；
(3) vacuumizing: utilize vacuum extractor to extract the bubble between calcium fluoride particles, utilize suction ball to pump the pore liquid exceeding calcium fluoride particles, prepare the transparent soil of simulation saturated sand, its physical characteristic is: density 1.98 g/3～2.5g/3, severe 19kN/m3～25kN/m3, packing 20～80；Mechanical characteristic is: internal friction angle 34 °～35 °, elastic modelling quantity 12MPa～71MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.2～0.45.
The application in preparing transparent soil of a kind of calcirm-fluoride, when preparing transparent soil, as transparent solid material, described calcirm-fluoride is the particle of particle diameter≤0.074, and its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.434, density 3.18g/3。
A kind of transparent soil, it by calcirm-fluoride with the colourless pore liquid of identical refractive index through getting the raw materials ready, mixture, vacuumize, consolidation step formulated, described calcirm-fluoride is the particle of particle diameter≤0.074, and its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.434, density 3.18g/3；The physical characteristic of described transparent soil is: density 1.98g/3～2.5g/3, severe 20kN/m3～26kN/m3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3；Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 1 kPa～3kPa, internal friction angle 22 °～26 °, elastic modelling quantity 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.20～0.35.
Pore liquid of the present invention is the one in the mixture of sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or calcium bromide solution or n-dodecane and glycerine.
A kind of production method of transparent soil, it comprises the following steps:
(1) get the raw materials ready: selecting the calcium fluoride particles of particle diameter≤0.074, its particle is irregularly shaped, clean impurity and dry, described calcirm-fluoride refractive index 1.434, light transmittance 95, unit weight 3.18g/3；Selecting colourless pore liquid, regulate solution concentration, the refractive index making pore liquid is consistent with the refractive index of calcirm-fluoride；
Pore liquid of the present invention is the one in the mixture of sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or calcium bromide solution or n-dodecane and glycerine.
(2) mixture: calculate the consumption determining calcium fluoride particles and pore liquid according to the size of experimental condition and sample, first calcium fluoride particles layering is inserted in mould, and point hit reality 3～4 times；Inject pore liquid the most in a mold；
Or first deployed pore liquid is filled in a reservoir, and calcium fluoride particles is poured in container slowly, uniformly, dispersedly, toppling process is stirred continuously discharge bubble, and keeps calcium fluoride particles all the time below pore liquid liquid level；
(3) vacuumize: utilize vacuum extractor to extract the bubble between calcium fluoride particles, utilize suction ball to pump the pore liquid exceeding calcium fluoride particles；
(4) consolidation: consolidate in consolidation apparatus, prepares the transparent soil simulating saturated clay, and its physical characteristic is: density 1.98g/3～2.5g/3, severe 20kN/m3～26kN/m3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3；Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 1 kPa～3kPa, internal friction angle 22 °～26 °, elastic modelling quantity 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.20～0.35.
Owing to using technique scheme, the present invention preferably achieves goal of the invention, and transparent solid material uses calcium fluoride particles, has the characteristic that transparency is high, be readily available；The pore liquid water white transparency used, pollution-free, wide material sources, be readily available and allocate；Compound method is easy, it is easy to accomplish, the transparent soil transparency of preparation is high, cheap, good with the similitude of natural rock-filled character, can extensively substitute nature soil, be used for simulating the geological conditions of complexity, the model test being efficiently used in Geotechnical Engineering.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1:
The application in preparing transparent soil of a kind of calcirm-fluoride, when preparing transparent soil, as transparent solid material, described calcirm-fluoride is the particle of particle diameter 0.25～2.0, and its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.434, density 3.18g/3。
A kind of transparent soil, it by calcirm-fluoride with the colourless pore liquid of identical refractive index through getting the raw materials ready, mixture, vacuum step formulated, described calcirm-fluoride is the particle of particle diameter 0.25～2.0, and its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.434, density 3.18g/3；The physical characteristic of described transparent soil is: density 1.98 g/3～2.5g/3, severe 19kN/m3～25kN/m3, packing 20～80；Mechanical characteristic is: internal friction angle 34 °～35 °, elastic modelling quantity 12MPa～71MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.2～0.45.
Calcium fluoride particles of the present invention 0.25≤particle diameter ＜ 0.5 for 10～50,0.5≤particle diameter ＜ 1.0 for 10～50,1.0≤particle diameter ＜ 1.5 for 10～50,1.5≤particle diameter≤2.0 for 10～50, by weight, 100 are added up to；
Pore liquid of the present invention is the one in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or calcium bromide solution.
Transparent soil described in the present embodiment can be used to simulate saturated sand.
A kind of production method of transparent soil, it comprises the following steps:
(1) getting the raw materials ready: the calcium fluoride particles selecting particle diameter to be 0.25～2.0, its particle is irregularly shaped, cleans impurity and dries, described calcirm-fluoride refractive index 1.434, density 3.18g/3；Selecting colourless pore liquid, regulate solution concentration, the refractive index making pore liquid is consistent with the refractive index of calcirm-fluoride；
The present invention step (1) in, described calcium fluoride particles 0.25≤particle diameter ＜ 0.5 for 10～50,0.5≤particle diameter ＜ 1.0 for 10～50,1.0≤particle diameter ＜ 1.5 for 10～50,1.5≤particle diameter≤2.0 for 10～50, by weight, 100 are added up to；
The present invention step (1) in, described pore liquid is the one in sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or calcium bromide solution.
The present embodiment select calcium fluoride particles 0.25≤particle diameter ＜ 0.5 for 30,0.5≤particle diameter ＜ 1.0 for 20,1.0≤particle diameter ＜ 1.5 for 20,1.5≤particle diameter≤2.0 for 30, by weight, add up to 100, be mixed uniformly；Pore liquid is sugar juice, and described sugar is sucrose.Modulation solution concentration (the present embodiment concentration is 56), (the present embodiment is 20 in test temperature to utilize Abbe refractometer to measure sucrose solutionoC) refractive index (the present embodiment is 1.434) under so that it is consistent with the refractive index of calcirm-fluoride.
(2) mixture: calculate the consumption determining calcium fluoride particles and pore liquid according to the size of experimental condition and sample, first calcium fluoride particles layering is inserted in mould, and point hit reality 3～4 times, it is 20～80 with the packing of Control Assay；Inject pore liquid the most in a mold, stand 24 hours～48 hours；
The present embodiment insert in a mold a certain amount of after, calcium fluoride particles is carried out precompressed；Dividing and hit reality 3 times, the packing of Control Assay is 30；Inject pore liquid the most in a mold, stand 24 hours；
(3) vacuumizing: utilize vacuum extractor to extract the bubble between calcium fluoride particles so that it is reach abundant saturation state, utilize suction ball to pump the pore liquid exceeding calcium fluoride particles, prepare the transparent soil of simulation saturated sand, its physical characteristic is: density 1.98 g/3～2.5g/3, severe 19kN/m3～25kN/m3, packing 20～80；Mechanical characteristic is: internal friction angle 34 °～35 °, elastic modelling quantity 12MPa～71MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.2～0.45.
The physical characteristic of the made transparent soil of the present embodiment is: density 2.1g/3, severe 21kN/m3, packing 30；Mechanical characteristic is: internal friction angle 34 °, elastic modelling quantity 17MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.35.
Embodiment 2:
Step (1) in, select calcium fluoride particles 0.25≤particle diameter ＜ 0.5 for 20,0.5≤particle diameter ＜ 1.0 for 30,1.0≤particle diameter ＜ 1.5 for 30,1.5≤particle diameter≤2.0 for 20, by weight, add up to 100, be mixed uniformly；Described pore liquid is sodium chloride solution, and its concentration is 54；
Step (2) in; size according to experimental condition with sample calculates the consumption determining calcium fluoride particles and pore liquid; first deployed pore liquid is filled in a reservoir; and calcium fluoride particles is poured in container slowly, uniformly, dispersedly; toppling process is stirred continuously discharge bubble, and keeps calcium fluoride particles all the time below pore liquid liquid level；
The physical characteristic of the made transparent soil of the present embodiment is: density 2.0g/3, severe 20kN/m3, packing 40；Mechanical characteristic is: internal friction angle 34 °, elastic modelling quantity 20MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.4.
Remaining with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
Step (1) in, select calcium fluoride particles 0.25≤particle diameter ＜ 0.5 for 10,0.5≤particle diameter ＜ 1.0 for 40,1.0≤particle diameter ＜ 1.5 for 35,1.5≤particle diameter≤2.0 for 15, by weight, add up to 100, be mixed uniformly；Described pore liquid is calcium bromide solution, and its concentration is 45；
Step (2) in, its packing of Control Assay is 50.
The physical characteristic of the made transparent soil of the present embodiment is: density 1.53g/3, severe 15kN/m3, packing 50；Mechanical characteristic is: internal friction angle 35 °, elastic modelling quantity 25MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.3.
Remaining with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4:
The application in preparing transparent soil of a kind of calcirm-fluoride, when preparing transparent soil, as transparent solid material, described calcirm-fluoride is the particle of particle diameter≤0.074, and its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.434, density 3.18g/3。
A kind of transparent soil, it by calcirm-fluoride with the colourless pore liquid of identical refractive index through getting the raw materials ready, mixture, vacuumize, consolidation step formulated, described calcirm-fluoride is the particle of particle diameter≤0.074, and its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.434, density 3.18g/3；The physical characteristic of described transparent soil is: density 1.98g/3～2.5g/3, severe 20kN/m3～26kN/m3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3；Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 1kPa～3kPa, internal friction angle 22 °～26 °, elastic modelling quantity 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.20～0.35.
Pore liquid of the present invention is the one in the mixture of sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or calcium bromide solution or n-dodecane and glycerine.
Transparent soil described in the present embodiment can be used to simulate saturated clay.
A kind of production method of transparent soil, it comprises the following steps:
(1) get the raw materials ready: selecting the calcium fluoride particles of particle diameter≤0.074, its particle is irregularly shaped, clean impurity and dry, described calcirm-fluoride refractive index 1.434, light transmittance 95, unit weight 3.18g/3；Selecting colourless pore liquid, regulate solution concentration, the refractive index making pore liquid is consistent with the refractive index of calcirm-fluoride；
The present invention step (1) in, described pore liquid is sugar juice or sodium chloride solution or calcium bromide solution or n-dodecane and the one in the mixture of glycerine.
The present embodiment selects the calcium fluoride particles of particle diameter≤0.074；Pore liquid is sugar juice, and described sugar is sucrose.Modulation solution concentration (the present embodiment concentration is 56), (the present embodiment is 20 in test temperature to utilize Abbe refractometer to measure sucrose solutionoC) refractive index (the present embodiment is 1.434) under so that it is consistent with the refractive index of calcirm-fluoride.
(2) mixture: calculate the consumption determining calcium fluoride particles and pore liquid according to the size of experimental condition and sample, first calcium fluoride particles layering is inserted in mould, and point hit reality 3～4 times, with the density of Control Assay；Inject pore liquid the most in a mold, stand 24 hours～48 hours；
The present embodiment insert in a mold a certain amount of after, calcium fluoride particles is carried out precompressed；Divide and hit reality 3 times, with the density of Control Assay；Inject pore liquid the most in a mold, stand 24 hours；
(3) vacuumize: utilize vacuum extractor to extract the bubble between calcium fluoride particles so that it is reach abundant saturation state, utilize suction ball to pump the pore liquid exceeding calcium fluoride particles；
(4) consolidation: consolidate in consolidation apparatus, prepares the transparent soil simulating saturated clay, and its physical characteristic is: density 1.98g/3～2.5g/3, severe 20kN/m3～26kN/m3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3；Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 1 kPa～3kPa, internal friction angle 22 °～26 °, elastic modelling quantity 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.20～0.35.
The physical characteristic of the made transparent soil of the present embodiment is: density 1.98g/3, severe 20kN/m3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8；Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 1 kPa, internal friction angle 22 °, elastic modelling quantity 5MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.35.
Embodiment 5:
Step (1) in, described pore liquid is sodium chloride solution, and its concentration is 54；
Step (2) in; size according to experimental condition with sample calculates the consumption determining calcium fluoride particles and pore liquid; first deployed pore liquid is filled in a reservoir; and calcium fluoride particles is poured in container slowly, uniformly, dispersedly; toppling process is stirred continuously discharge bubble, and keeps calcium fluoride particles all the time below pore liquid liquid level；
The physical characteristic of the made transparent soil of the present embodiment is: density 2.3g/3, severe 23kN/m3, degree of consolidation OCR value 1.5；Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 2 kPa, internal friction angle 23 °, elastic modelling quantity 8MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.30.
Remaining with embodiment 4.
Embodiment 6:
Step (1) in, described pore liquid is calcium bromide solution, and its concentration is 45；
The physical characteristic of the made transparent soil of the present embodiment is: density 2.1g/3, severe 21kN/m3, degree of consolidation OCR value 1.0；Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 1kPa, internal friction angle 22 °, elastic modelling quantity 6MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.30.
Remaining with embodiment 4.
Embodiment 7:
Step (1) in, described pore liquid is the mixture of n-dodecane (refractive index is 1.421) and glycerine (refractive index is 1.473), by adjust n-dodecane and glycerine mass ratio change the refractive index of miscella so that it is consistent with the refractive index of calcium fluoride particles；The present embodiment n-dodecane and glycerine mass ratio be 1:3；
The physical characteristic of the made transparent soil of the present embodiment is: density 2.3g/3, severe 23kN/m3, degree of consolidation OCR value 1.5；Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 3kPa, internal friction angle 26 °, elastic modelling quantity 8MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.35.
Remaining with embodiment 4.
Claims (4)
1. a transparent soil, it is characterized in that it by calcirm-fluoride with the colourless pore liquid of identical refractive index through getting the raw materials ready, mixture, vacuum step formulated, described calcirm-fluoride is the particle of particle diameter 0.25～2.0, and its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.434, density 3.18g/3；Described calcium fluoride particles 0.25≤particle diameter ＜ 0.5 for 10～50,0.5≤particle diameter ＜ 1.0 for 10～50,1.0≤particle diameter ＜ 1.5 for 10～50,1.5≤particle diameter≤2.0 for 10～50, by weight, 100 are added up to；Described pore liquid is sodium chloride solution；The physical characteristic of described transparent soil is: density 1.98g/3～2.5g/3, severe 19kN/m3～25kN/m3, packing 20～80；Mechanical characteristic is: internal friction angle 34 °～35 °, elastic modelling quantity 12MPa～71MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.2～0.45.
2. a transparent soil, it is characterized in that it by calcirm-fluoride with the colourless pore liquid of identical refractive index through getting the raw materials ready, mixture, vacuumize, consolidation step formulated, described calcirm-fluoride is the particle of particle diameter≤0.074, and its particle is irregularly shaped, refractive index 1.434, density 3.18g/3；Described pore liquid is the one in the mixture of sodium chloride solution or n-dodecane and glycerine；The physical characteristic of described transparent soil is: density 1.98g/3～2.5g/3, severe 20kN/m3～26kN/m3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3；Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 1 kPa～3kPa, internal friction angle 22 °～26 °, elastic modelling quantity 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.20～0.35.
3. a production method for transparent soil, is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1) getting the raw materials ready: the calcium fluoride particles selecting particle diameter to be 0.25～2.0, its particle is irregularly shaped, cleans impurity and dries, described calcirm-fluoride refractive index 1.434, density 3.18g/3；Selecting colourless pore liquid, regulate solution concentration, the refractive index making pore liquid is consistent with the refractive index of calcirm-fluoride；
Described calcium fluoride particles 0.25≤particle diameter ＜ 0.5 for 10～50,0.5≤particle diameter ＜ 1.0 for 10～50,1.0≤particle diameter ＜ 1.5 for 10～50,1.5≤particle diameter≤2.0 for 10～50, by weight, 100 are added up to；
Described pore liquid is sodium chloride solution；
(2) mixture: calculate the consumption determining calcium fluoride particles and pore liquid according to the size of experimental condition and sample, first calcium fluoride particles layering is inserted in mould, and point hit reality 3～4 times；Inject pore liquid the most in a mold；
Or first deployed pore liquid is filled in a reservoir, and calcium fluoride particles is poured in container slowly, uniformly, dispersedly, toppling process is stirred continuously discharge bubble, and keeps calcium fluoride particles all the time below pore liquid liquid level；
(3) vacuumizing: utilize vacuum extractor to extract the bubble between calcium fluoride particles, utilize suction ball to pump the pore liquid exceeding calcium fluoride particles, prepare the transparent soil of simulation saturated sand, its physical characteristic is: density 1.98 g/3～2.5g/3, severe 19kN/m3～25kN/m3, packing 20～80；Mechanical characteristic is: internal friction angle 34 °～35 °, elastic modelling quantity 12MPa～71MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.2～0.45.
4. a production method for transparent soil, is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1) get the raw materials ready: selecting the calcium fluoride particles of particle diameter≤0.074, its particle is irregularly shaped, clean impurity and dry, described calcirm-fluoride refractive index 1.434, light transmittance 95, unit weight 3.18g/3；Selecting colourless pore liquid, regulate solution concentration, the refractive index making pore liquid is consistent with the refractive index of calcirm-fluoride；
Described pore liquid is the one in the mixture of sodium chloride solution or n-dodecane and glycerine；
(2) mixture: calculate the consumption determining calcium fluoride particles and pore liquid according to the size of experimental condition and sample, first calcium fluoride particles layering is inserted in mould, and point hit reality 3～4 times；Inject pore liquid the most in a mold；
Or first deployed pore liquid is filled in a reservoir, and calcium fluoride particles is poured in container slowly, uniformly, dispersedly, toppling process is stirred continuously discharge bubble, and keeps calcium fluoride particles all the time below pore liquid liquid level；
(3) vacuumize: utilize vacuum extractor to extract the bubble between calcium fluoride particles, utilize suction ball to pump the pore liquid exceeding calcium fluoride particles；
(4) consolidation: consolidate in consolidation apparatus, prepares the transparent soil simulating saturated clay, and its physical characteristic is: density 1.98g/3～2.5g/3, severe 20kN/m3～26kN/m3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3；Mechanical characteristic is: cohesiveness 1 kPa～3kPa, internal friction angle 22 °～26 °, elastic modelling quantity 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.20～0.35.
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| CN105716970B (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2018-10-09 | 河海大学 | Shaped pile Pile-soil contact face failure mode visual test device and application method |
| CN106092755B (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2018-12-28 | 河海大学 | A kind of temperature control hybrid particles are crushed visual test device and application method |
| CN109541135A (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2019-03-29 | 重庆大学 | A kind of compounding method based on ball-shaped silicon micro powder synthesizing new transparent clay material |
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