CN114324121A - Visual teaching system for seepage heat exchange of fractured rock mass - Google Patents
Visual teaching system for seepage heat exchange of fractured rock mass Download PDFInfo
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- CN114324121A CN114324121A CN202210256227.7A CN202210256227A CN114324121A CN 114324121 A CN114324121 A CN 114324121A CN 202210256227 A CN202210256227 A CN 202210256227A CN 114324121 A CN114324121 A CN 114324121A
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Abstract
The application relates to a visual teaching system of fracture rock mass seepage heat transfer includes: the test device comprises a heat insulation assembly, wherein the heat insulation assembly defines a closed cavity, a heat source assembly and a water sealing bag are arranged in the cavity, an inlet and an outlet are arranged in the water sealing bag, a water inlet and a water outlet are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the test device along a first direction, the inlet is communicated with the water inlet, the outlet is communicated with the water outlet, the water sealing bag has elasticity and is used for wrapping a sample rock mass along the circumferential direction of a crack of the sample rock mass, a deformable water sealing piece is arranged between the water sealing bag and the inner walls of the two opposite sides of the cavity along the first direction, and the inlet and the outlet are both used for being communicated with the crack so as to enable liquid with tracer particles to flow; the visual assembly comprises a laser assembly and two CCD cameras; a water outlet collection assembly; the visual assembly and the heat source assembly are electrically connected with the controller. According to the visual teaching system for seepage and heat exchange of the fractured rock mass, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the water leakage prevention effect is good.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of fracture shear seepage tests, in particular to a fractured rock mass seepage heat exchange visual teaching system.
Background
The seepage and heat exchange characteristics of fractures are key issues in many subterranean engineering and geosciences, such as: high-radioactivity waste storage, enhanced geothermal system, development of dry hot rock resources, exploitation of oil and gas resources and the like. Taking the exploitation of hot dry rock resources as an example, the traditional fossil energy is largely used, so that the pollution is large, the cost is high, and the purpose of realizing green economic development is violated with the structural reform of the supply side proposed by the state. The geothermal energy resources are widely distributed in the global scope, have the advantages of abundant reserves, low exploitation cost, no pollution, renewability and the like, and are a potential direction for developing clean energy in the future. The hot dry rock, as one of geothermal resources, is usually stored in a low-porosity and low-permeability high-temperature rock mass 3-10km deep underground, and needs to transform reservoir fractures and perform heat exploitation by an artificial stimulation method. The exploitation of dry and hot rock resources usually uses high-pressure water to perform heat exchange with geothermal rock soil in fractures of a reservoir so as to achieve the purpose of extracting geothermal energy resources. However, high-speed nonlinear fracture seepage easily occurs under the action of high temperature, and a local turbulent flow phenomenon occurs, which may cause insufficient heat exchange between fluid and a high-temperature rock mass, and seriously affect the heat exchange efficiency. Therefore, how to develop the visual experimental research work of fracture seepage heat exchange is one of the problems to be solved urgently at present, and the method has important significance for realizing efficient exploitation of heat energy resources.
Rock mass in nature usually contains a large number of single cracks to form, in fractured rock mass, the water permeability of the complete rock mass is very weak, the main channel of fluid flow is a single crack and a crack network developed in the rock mass, and the key for mastering the crack heat storage and heat recovery is to deeply explore the evolution characteristics and the heat exchange characteristics of the local flow field structure of the single crack.
In order to improve the teaching quality of engineering hydrodynamics experiments and enhance the combination of student theory and practice, a demonstration system capable of developing the flow display teaching aspect of multiple fluid tests is urgently needed, the existing laboratory demonstration system is poor in waterproof effect and is easy to leak water.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a fractured rock mass seepage heat exchange visual teaching system which adopts a particle image velocity measurement technology, can accurately acquire a transient flow field inside a fracture under the action of high temperature, has higher measurement precision, and can visually display the change of a fluid flow field inside the fracture under the action of high temperature.
The visual teaching system for seepage and heat exchange of the fractured rock mass comprises: the testing device comprises a heat insulation assembly, wherein the heat insulation assembly defines a closed cavity, a heat source assembly and a water sealing bag are arranged in the cavity, an inlet and an outlet are arranged in the water sealing bag, a water inlet and a water outlet are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the testing device along a first direction, the inlet is communicated with the water inlet, the outlet is communicated with the water outlet, the water sealing bag has elasticity and is used for wrapping a sample rock body along the circumferential direction of a crack of the sample rock body, deformable water sealing pieces are respectively arranged between the water sealing bag and the inner walls of the two opposite sides of the cavity along the first direction, and the inlet and the outlet are both used for being communicated with the crack so as to enable liquid with tracer particles to flow; the visual component comprises a laser component and two CCD cameras, the laser component is used for providing a light source, and the CCD cameras are used for capturing and shooting tracing particles; the water outlet acquisition assembly is used for acquiring and measuring the flow of water at the seepage position from the crack; the controller, visual subassembly and heat source subassembly all are connected with controller electric property.
According to the visual teaching system for seepage and heat exchange of the fractured rock mass, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the visual assembly further comprises a fixed seat, the CCD camera is fixed on the fixed seat, the fixed seat comprises a base, an X-axis guide rail and a Y-axis guide rail, the base comprises a universal shaft, the X-axis guide rail is fixed at the top end of the universal shaft, the bottom of the Y-axis guide rail is slidably embedded on the X-axis guide rail through a first sliding block, a second sliding block is arranged on the Y-axis guide rail, a rotatable disc is arranged on the second sliding block, and the CCD camera is arranged on the disc.
Optionally, the CCD camera has a first position and a second position, and in the first position, the CCD camera and the laser component are located on the same side of the second direction of the testing device, and the CCD camera and the laser component are located on the same plane, and in the second position, the CCD camera is located on one side of the third direction of the testing device, wherein the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.
Optionally, the heat insulation assembly comprises an upper cover plate, a lower cover plate and a surrounding plate assembly, the upper cover plate, the lower cover plate and the surrounding plate assembly define a cavity together, a first fastening bolt rotatably penetrates through the surrounding plate assembly and the water sealing member, and the first fastening bolt penetrates through a blind hole of the water sealing member.
Optionally, the heat source assembly comprises an upper heat source and/or a lower heat source, wherein the upper heat source is disposed on the upper cover plate, the lower heat source is disposed on the lower cover plate, and both the upper heat source and the lower heat source comprise electric heating coils.
Optionally, the visual teaching system of fractured rock mass seepage heat transfer further comprises a second fastening bolt, and the second fastening bolt is rotatably arranged on the upper heat source and/or the water sealing member and the upper cover plate in a penetrating manner.
According to the visual teaching system for seepage and heat exchange of fractured rock mass, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the water outlet acquisition assembly comprises an electronic balance and a liquid collector placed on an electronic balance tray, the liquid collector is communicated with a water outlet, and the visual teaching system further comprises: the water pressure control assembly comprises a water pump and a water outlet acquisition assembly, and the water pump is communicated with the water inlet; detection device, detection device includes first pressure measurement sensor, the second pressure measurement sensor, a plurality of warm pressure sensor and temperature sensor, first pressure measurement sensor locates on the flow path between water pump and the water inlet, second pressure measurement sensor and temperature sensor locate on the flow path between delivery port and the liquid trap, all be equipped with on thermal-insulated subassembly and the heat source subassembly and supply warm pressure sensor to penetrate the installation position in the cavity, in the one end that is close to the crack of a plurality of warm pressure sensors all can stretch into the crack, a plurality of warm pressure sensor are arranged along the first direction.
According to the visual teaching system for seepage and heat exchange of the fractured rock mass, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the liquid comprises rhodamine 6G solution.
According to the visual teaching system for seepage and heat exchange of the fractured rock mass, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the heat insulation component is made of at least one material of rigid polyurethane foam plastic, extruded polystyrene foam plastic, polystyrene foam plastic and ceramic.
According to the visual teaching system for seepage and heat exchange of the fractured rock mass, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the water sealing piece comprises one of transparent rubber, transparent silica gel, transparent epoxy resin and polydimethylsiloxane.
According to the visual teaching system for seepage and heat exchange of the fractured rock mass, the water sealing piece is extruded by the coaming assembly and the water sealing bag, and the water sealing piece can be deformed to fill a gap between the sample rock mass and the coaming assembly in the first direction, so that a good waterproof effect is achieved. Prevent that water from revealing from the border department of sealing the water pocket, simple structure seals water respond well. Meanwhile, a particle image velocimetry technology is adopted, tracer particles flowing through the fracture are excited by a laser assembly and are captured and shot by a CCD camera, a fluid flow image inside the fracture is obtained by combining a solid particle tracing method and a laser light source, a transient flow field inside the fracture under the high-temperature action can be more accurately obtained, and the local flow field evolution characteristics of the fracture and the influence on the heat energy transmission characteristic under the high-temperature action can be more accurately known.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a fractured rock mass seepage heat exchange visual teaching system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a testing device of a fractured rock mass seepage heat exchange visual teaching system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a water sealing bag of a testing device of the fractured rock mass seepage heat exchange visualization teaching system according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a CCD camera in a fractured rock mass seepage heat exchange visualization teaching system according to an embodiment of the present invention at a first position;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a CCD camera in a second position in the fractured rock mass seepage heat exchange visualization teaching system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
the teaching system 1 is provided with a teaching system,
the test device 10, the heat insulation assembly 11, the upper cover plate 111, the lower cover plate 112, the enclosing plate assembly 113, the left side plate 1132, the right side plate 1134, the heat source assembly 12, the upper heat source 122, the lower heat source 124, the water inlet 13, the water outlet 14, the water sealing member 15, the first fastening bolt 16, the second fastening bolt 17, the water sealing bag 18,
an effluent collection assembly 30, an electronic balance 32, a liquid trap 34,
the control unit (40) is provided with a controller,
the hydraulic control assembly 50, the water pump 51,
a detection device 60, a first pressure sensor 61, a second pressure sensor 62, a temperature sensor 63, a temperature and pressure sensor 64,
the sample rock mass 2.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The particle Image Velocimetry (abbreviated as PIV) is a flow field measurement technique for measuring the flow velocity through the CCD camera 22, the laser 212 and the trace particles, and compared with the conventional measurement technique, the PIV technique does not interfere with the measured flow field, can realize full-field transient measurement, and has higher measurement accuracy.
As shown in fig. 1, a visual teaching system 1 for seepage and heat exchange of fractured rock mass according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: the test device 10, the visualization component 20, the effluent collection component 30 and the controller 40.
The testing device 10 comprises a heat insulation assembly 11, wherein the heat insulation assembly 11 defines a closed cavity, a heat source assembly 12 is arranged in the cavity, the cavity is used for fixing the sample rock body 2 with cracks, and the heat source assembly 12 is used for heating the sample rock body 2 and providing constant temperature for the sample rock body 2. Wherein the sample rock mass 2 is a transparent model with different fracture types obtained by techniques such as 3D printing and laser etching. In the experiment, testing arrangement 10 need place on ground or mesa, when heating sample rock mass 2 through heat source component 12, thermal-insulated subassembly 11 can completely cut off the heat that the people subassembly produced, can make sample rock mass 2 rapid heating up on the one hand, and on the other hand also prevents that heat transfer from burning ground, mesa or experimenter to thermal-insulated subassembly 11 surface, has increased testing arrangement 10's security.
As shown in fig. 2, the testing device 10 is further provided with a water inlet 13 and a water outlet 14 on two opposite sides along the first direction, and the cavity is provided with water sealing members 15 on two opposite sides along the first direction. The test device 10 further comprises a water sealing bag 18, an inlet and an outlet are arranged in the water sealing bag 18, the inlet is communicated with the water inlet 13 through a water inlet pipe, the outlet is communicated with the water outlet 14 through a water outlet pipe, and the water sealing bag 18 is elastic and used for wrapping the sample rock body 2 along the circumferential direction of the crack. Deformable water sealing pieces 15 are arranged between the water sealing bags 18 and the inner walls of the two opposite sides of the cavity in the first direction respectively, when the sample rock body 2 is placed in the cavity, the extending direction of the crack is enabled to be the same as the first direction, and the water inlet 13 and the water outlet 14 are both used for being communicated with the crack so that liquid with tracer particles flows into the crack through the water inlet 13 and flows out through the water outlet 14. The water supply device is communicated with the water inlet 13 and is used for filling liquid into the crack. Wherein typically the liquid is an aqueous solution comprising different tracer particles. The water sealing piece 15 is extruded by the surrounding plate assembly 113 and the water sealing bag 18, and the water sealing piece 15 can be deformed to fill a gap between the sample rock body 2 and the surrounding plate assembly 113 in the first direction, so that a good waterproof effect is achieved. The water is prevented from leaking from the edge of the water sealing bag 18, the structure is simple, and the water sealing effect is good.
As shown in fig. 1, 4 and 5, the visualization assembly 20 comprises a laser assembly 21 and two CCD cameras 22, the laser assembly 21 being used to provide a light source to illuminate the fracture, and the CCD cameras 22 being used to capture and shoot the tracer particles. Specifically, when observing the local flow field, the laser assembly 21 includes a laser 212, the laser 212 emits pulsed laser to irradiate the fracture local area, the CCD camera 22 captures an image of the tracer particles subjected to two or more exposures, and the average displacement of the image of the tracer particles in each small area is obtained by analyzing the image with the image cross-correlation method, so that the two-dimensional velocity of the area on the flow field section can be determined. When observing a macroscopic flow field, the laser assembly 21 includes a laser 212 and a light guide arm 214, a point light source emitted by the laser 212 enters the light guide arm 214, the angle and position of the emitted light of the laser are adjusted by the light guide arm 214, the emitted light is converted into laser sheet light with a certain thickness by a lens group in the light guide arm 214, the laser sheet light is subjected to a series of light path conversion to disorder the propagation direction, the polarization direction, the phase difference and the like of the light, finally, a plane light source with uniform light intensity distribution is emitted, the whole section area of the flow field can be irradiated, images of tracer particles subjected to two or more exposures are captured by the CCD camera 22, and the average displacement of the images of the tracer particles in each small area is obtained by utilizing an image cross-correlation method for analysis, so that the two-dimensional speed of the whole area on the section of the flow field can be determined.
The single CCD camera 22 captures a two-dimensional image, and the two CCD cameras 22 capture the same region from different angles by adjusting the capturing fields of view of the two CCD cameras 22, thereby acquiring a three-dimensional stereoscopic image of the region.
In some embodiments, the CCD camera 22 is LX8M CD camera with a resolution 3312 × 2488pixel, 16Hz at full resolution, minimum distance between two frames of 200ns, 12bit dynamic range, macro lens, 100mm focal length, 2.8mm aperture, and 300mm minimum working distance.
The laser 212 adopts a double-Pulse laser, the maximum repetition frequency is 15Hz, the laser wavelength is 532nm, the single Pulse energy is 200mJ/Pulse, the light guide arm 214 adopts a 7-joint light guide arm, the length is 1.8m, and the working wavelength is 532nm and 266 nm.
As shown in FIG. 1, the effluent collection assembly 30 is used to collect measurements of the flow of water from a fracture.
As shown in fig. 1, the visualization component 20 and the heat source component 12 are electrically connected to a controller 40, the controller 40 controls the heat source component 12 to heat the sample rock mass 2, the controller 40 can also control the visualization component 20 to track and shoot the tracer particles, and the shooting result is calculated and analyzed, the controller 40 can be electrically connected with the water outlet collection assembly 30 or not, when the controller 40 is electrically connected with the water outlet device, the water outlet collecting component 30 directly transmits the collected data to the controller 40, when not connected, the recorded data can be observed manually by students, and then input into the controller 40, based on the real-time effluent flow acquired by the effluent acquisition assembly 30, the controller 40 can calculate the real-time hydraulic opening and the real-time anisotropic permeability of the fracture in real time, so as to obtain key parameters for representing the evolution characteristics of the fracture in the heat exchange process of the liquid with lower temperature and the rock with high temperature.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the test device 10 has a first direction, a second direction, and a third direction, wherein the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other. The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are defined directions, and correspond to the width direction, the length direction, and the height direction of the test apparatus 10 one by one, the first direction may be the width direction of the test apparatus 10, the second direction is the length direction, and the corresponding third direction is the height direction, or the first direction is the length direction of the test apparatus 10, the second direction is the width direction of the test apparatus 10, and the corresponding third direction is the height direction.
When selecting the tracer particles, the following performance and the optical property of the tracer particles should be considered at the same time, the following performance requires that the particles are smaller as better, but the optical property requires that the particles are not too small, in a non-contact test, in order to improve the following performance of the tracer particles in water and the reliability of a test result, the particle size of the selected particles is as small as possible, and the liquid comprises Rhodamine 6G (Rhodamine 6G) solution. Because the rhodamine 6G is dissolved in water, light with different wavelengths can be scattered through laser excitation at different temperatures, and the rhodamine 6G solution is selected as the liquid, the temperature change of the fluid in the seepage heat transfer test crack can be conveniently measured.
According to the fractured rock mass seepage heat exchange visual teaching system 1 provided by the embodiment of the invention, a particle image speed measurement technology is adopted, tracer particles flowing through the fracture are excited by the laser assembly 21 and are captured and shot by the CCD camera 22, a fluid flow image in the fracture is obtained by combining a solid particle tracing method and a laser light source, a transient flow field in the fracture can be more accurately obtained, the change of the fluid flow field in the fracture can be visually displayed, and the local flow field evolution characteristic of the fracture and the influence on the heat energy transmission characteristic can be more accurately known.
According to the visual teaching system 1 for seepage and heat exchange of fractured rock mass, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the visual assembly 20 further comprises a fixed seat, the CCD camera 22 is fixed on the fixed seat, the fixed seat comprises a base, an X axial guide rail and a Y axial guide rail, the base comprises a universal shaft, the X axial guide rail is fixed at the top end of the universal shaft, the bottom of the Y axial guide rail is slidably embedded on the X axial guide rail through a first slide block, a second slide block is arranged on the Y axial guide rail, a rotatable disc is arranged on the second slide block, and the CCD camera 22 is arranged on the disc. The position of the CCD camera 22 can be conveniently adjusted by the fixing base, thereby conveniently adjusting the field of view of the CCD camera 22.
Specifically, the X-axis guide rail may adjust a displacement of the CCD camera 22 in the X axis direction, the Y-axis guide rail may adjust a displacement of the CCD camera 22 in the Y axis direction, the disc may rotate to adjust an angle of the CCD camera 22 relative to the testing apparatus 10, and the angle of the disc rotation may be an angle smaller than 360 °, or n360 °, n ≧ 1. The X-axis guide and the first slider may be further configured as an X-axis lead screw, and the Y-axis guide and the second slider may be further configured as a Y-axis lead screw.
The disc is arranged on the second sliding block through a fixing shaft, in some embodiments, the fixing shaft is fixedly arranged on the second sliding block, the disc is parallel to the Y-axis guide rail, in some embodiments, a guide inclined plane is arranged on the second sliding block or the disc, so that the disc and the Y-axis guide rail have a certain inclination angle, in other embodiments, the fixing shaft can rotate by a certain angle along the Z-axis direction, so that the inclination angle between the disc and the Y-axis guide rail is adjustable, and further, the inclination angle of the CCD camera 22 in the Z-axis direction can be finely adjusted.
The universal shaft at least comprises a universal coupling and a supporting shaft connected through the universal coupling, and can adjust the displacement of the CCD camera 22 in the Z-axis direction in a large range, wherein the X-axis, the Y-axis and the Z-axis are vertical to each other.
According to the visual teaching system 1 for seepage and heat exchange of fractured rock mass, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the CCD camera 22 has a first position and a second position, when the CCD camera 22 is at the first position, as shown in fig. 4, the CCD camera 22 is used for observing a local flow field of the sample rock mass 2, the two CCD cameras 22 and the laser assembly 21 are located on the same side of the test device 10 in the second direction, the two CCD cameras 22 and the laser assembly 21 are located on the same plane, and the laser assembly 21 emits a point light source, wherein preferably, the two CCD cameras 22 are symmetrically arranged relative to the laser assembly 21. In the second position, as shown in fig. 5, the CCD camera 22 is used to observe the macroscopic flow field of the sample rock mass 2, the laser assembly 21 emits a sheet of light, and the two CCD cameras 22 are located on one side of the test apparatus 10 in the third direction, so that the shooting view of the CCD camera 22 is perpendicular to the sheet of light emitted by the laser assembly 21.
Optionally, the insulation assembly 11 includes an upper cover plate 111, a lower cover plate 112, and an enclosure assembly 113, the upper cover plate 111, the lower cover plate 112, and the enclosure assembly 113 collectively defining a cavity. The sample rock body 2 is prefabricated into a gap, and the upper half part and the lower half part are spliced together through the water sealing bag 18. The inlet and outlet pipes may be prefabricated in the shroud assembly 113. In some embodiments, the enclosure assembly 113 includes front and rear panels located on the front and rear sides of the sample device, and left and right side panels 1132, 1134 located on the left and right sides of the sample device, with the inlet tube being housed in the left side panel 1132 and the outlet tube being housed in the right side panel 1134.
Because the change of the flow field of liquid flowing through the crack at high temperature of the sample rock body 2 needs to be met, the front side plate and the rear side plate need to be made of transparent materials; in other embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the surrounding plate assembly 113 includes a left side plate 1132 and a right side plate 1134, in which the first direction corresponds to the left-right direction, in these embodiments, the front side plate and the rear side plate are not provided, so that it is convenient for students to observe the change of the liquid flowing through the fracture flow field or the flow of the liquid in the fracture at high temperature of the sample rock mass 2, and the teaching purpose is achieved, thereby deepening the understanding of the students on the fluid mechanics knowledge such as nonlinear flow, flow line, reynolds number, laminar flow, turbulent flow, and vortex flow.
Optionally, the water sealing member 15 includes one of transparent rubber, transparent silica gel, transparent epoxy resin and polydimethylsiloxane, and the water sealing member 15 made of the above materials enables the water sealing member 15 to have good water sealing performance and certain transmittance, so that the change of a flow field of liquid flowing through a crack can be conveniently observed.
The insulation assembly 11 is made of at least one material including rigid polyurethane foam, extruded polystyrene foam, and ceramic.
The left panel 1132, the right panel 1134, the front panel and the back panel of the thermal insulation assembly 11 may be made of the same material or different materials, and are not limited herein.
As shown in fig. 2, the visual teaching system for seepage and heat exchange of fractured rock mass according to the embodiment of the invention further includes a first fastening bolt 16, the first fastening bolt 16 is rotatably inserted through the surrounding plate assembly 113 and the water sealing member 15, and the first fastening bolt 16 is inserted through a blind hole of the water sealing member 15. Through the cooperation of first fastening bolt 16 and bounding wall subassembly 113 and water-stop member 15, can play certain extrusion bounding wall subassembly 113 and water-stop member 15 and then extrude the effect of sample rock mass 2 through twisting first fastening bolt 16 to can adjust the confined pressure of sample rock mass 2. In some embodiments, the number of the first fastening bolts 16 is plural, at least two first fastening bolts 16 are penetrated on the left side plate 1132 and the water seal 15, and at least two first fastening bolts 16 are penetrated on the right side plate 1134 and the water seal 15. The water seal 15 is provided with a blind hole, it being understood that the side facing the rock mass 2 of the test specimen is closed to prevent liquid from leaking therefrom. In some embodiments, the first fastening bolt 16 is threaded with the enclosure assembly 113 while the first fastening bolt 16 is threaded with the water seal 15.
In other embodiments, the first fastening bolt 16 is threaded into the enclosure assembly 113, and the blind hole is smooth, and a stop is disposed in the blind hole to limit the first fastening bolt 16 from being removed. When the first fastening bolt 16 rotates, displacement along the first direction is generated between the first fastening bolt 16 and the surrounding plate assembly 113, the first fastening bolt 16 is smoothly connected with the water sealing piece 15, at the moment, the first fastening bolt 16 idles in a smooth hole, and the water sealing piece 15 and the first fastening bolt 16 do not generate relative displacement, so that the water sealing piece 15 is pushed by the first fastening bolt 16 to be compressed towards the direction close to the sample rock body 2 or loosened towards the direction far away from the sample rock body 2, and the effect of loading or unloading confining pressure on the sample rock body 2 is achieved.
As shown in fig. 2, the heat source assembly 12 includes an upper heat source 122 and/or a lower heat source 124, wherein the upper heat source 122 is disposed on the upper cover plate 111, the lower heat source 124 is disposed on the lower cover plate 112, and the upper heat source 122 and the lower heat source 124 each include an electric heating coil. In some embodiments, the heat source assembly 12 includes an upper heat source 122, and the upper cover plate 111 is provided with the upper heat source 122; in some embodiments, the heat source assembly 12 includes a lower heat source 124, and the lower cover plate 112 is provided with the lower heat source 124; in other embodiments, the heat source assembly 12 includes an upper heat source 122 and a lower heat source 124, the upper cover plate 111 is provided with the upper heat source 122, and the lower cover plate 112 is provided with the lower heat source 124. Can be selected according to different requirements.
As shown in fig. 2, optionally, the visual teaching system 1 for seepage and heat exchange of fractured rock mass further includes a second fastening bolt 17, the second fastening bolt 17 is rotatably disposed on the upper heat source 122 and/or the water sealing member 15 and the upper cover plate 111, meaning that the second fastening bolt 17 is rotatably disposed on the upper cover plate 111 in all embodiments, and is selectively disposed on the upper heat source 122 and/or the water sealing member 15 in different embodiments, for example, in some embodiments, the upper cover plate 111 is not disposed with the upper heat source 122, the second fastening bolt 17 is simultaneously disposed on the upper cover plate 111 and the water sealing member 15, in some embodiments, the upper cover plate 111 is disposed with the upper heat source 122, the upper heat source 122 is spaced from the water sealing member 15 in the first direction, so that the second fastening bolt 17 is simultaneously disposed on the upper cover plate 111 and the water sealing member 15 through the gap, in other embodiments, the upper cover plate 111 is provided with an upper heat source 122, and the second fastening bolt 17 is simultaneously inserted through the upper cover plate 111, the upper heat source 122 and the water sealing member 15.
By screwing the second fastening bolt 17 to rotate in different directions, axial pressure can be applied to or removed from the sample rock body 2. Through second fastening bolt 17 and last heat source 122 and/or water sealing 15 and upper cover plate 111 cooperation as the part of exerting the axle load for the structure sets up simply, and reduce cost makes things convenient for the student to install by oneself, makes things convenient for the teaching.
When the second fastening bolt 17 is arranged on the upper cover plate 111 and the upper heat source 122 in a penetrating manner, the second fastening bolt 17 is respectively in threaded connection with the upper cover plate 111 and the upper heat source 122, and when the second fastening bolt 17 is arranged on the upper cover plate 111, the upper heat source 122 and the water sealing member 15 in a penetrating manner, the second fastening bolt 17 is respectively in threaded connection with the upper cover plate 111 and the water sealing member 15; when the second fastening bolt 17 is inserted into the upper cover plate 111 and the water sealing member 15, the second fastening bolt 17 is respectively connected with the upper cover plate 111 and the water sealing member 15 by screw threads.
As shown in fig. 1, the visual teaching system 1 for seepage and heat exchange of fractured rock mass according to the embodiment of the present invention further includes a water pressure control assembly 50 and a detection device 60.
As shown in fig. 1, specifically, the effluent collecting assembly 30 comprises an electronic balance 32 and a liquid trap 34 placed on a tray of the electronic balance 32, the liquid trap 34 is communicated with the water outlet 14, the liquid trap 34 is used for collecting liquid flowing out of the liquid outlet, and the electronic balance 32 is used for weighing the liquid trap 34; the hydraulic control assembly 50 includes a water pump 51, the water pump 51 being in communication with the water inlet 13, the water pump 51 providing power for the liquid to enter the water inlet 13. The water pump 51 is electrically connected to the controller 40, so that the controller 40 controls the opening degree of the water pump 51.
As shown in fig. 1, the detection device 60 includes a first pressure sensor 61, a second pressure sensor 62, a plurality of temperature and pressure sensors 64 and a temperature sensor 63, the first pressure sensor 61 is disposed on a flow path between the water pump 51 and the water inlet 13 and is configured to detect a water pressure of a liquid entering the water inlet 13, the second pressure sensor 62 and the temperature sensor 63 are disposed on a flow path between the water outlet 14 and the liquid trap 34, the second pressure sensor 62 is configured to detect a water pressure of a liquid flowing out after flowing through a crack, the temperature sensor 63 is configured to measure a temperature of a liquid flowing out after flowing through the crack, the heat insulation assembly 11 and the heat source assembly 12 are both provided with mounting positions for the temperature and pressure sensors 64 to penetrate into the cavity, one ends of the plurality of temperature and pressure sensors 64 close to the crack can extend into the crack, and the plurality of temperature and pressure sensors 64 are arranged along the first direction. The temperature and pressure sensors 64 can measure the temperature and the water pressure of the liquid in the fracture at the same time, and the specific number of the temperature and pressure sensors 64 can be set according to the requirement. The temperature of the liquid entering the inlet 13 is set and therefore does not need to be measured. The warm pressure sensor 64 may be replaced with a separate temperature sensor and pressure sensor. The detection device 60 is electrically connected to the controller 40 and is used for transmitting detection data to the controller 40.
According to the visual teaching system 1 for seepage and heat exchange of the fractured rock mass, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the trace particles flowing through the fracture can be excited by the laser assembly 21 and captured and shot by the CCD camera 22, so that the transient flow field inside the fracture can be more accurately obtained, and the evolution characteristics of the local flow field of the fracture and the influence on the heat energy transmission characteristic can be more accurately known.
In some embodiments, the assay device 10 includes an upper heat source 122 and a lower heat source 124, and the specific assay steps are as follows:
preparing a sample: the rock sample is processed into a cubic sample of 100X 50-100mm (length X width X height), and a single-crack rock sample is prepared as a sample rock body 2 through a splitting or shearing experiment. The sample rock mass 2 is a transparent experimental model with high light transmittance.
Installing a sample: after the sample rock mass 2 is prepared, the cracks on two sides of the sample rock mass 2 in the second direction are subjected to water sealing treatment by using heat-resistant glue, the confining pressure is relieved by rotating the first fastening bolt 16, the lower heat source 124 is arranged on the lower cover plate 112, the sample rock mass 2 is arranged in the water sealing bag 18, the cracks are all positioned in the water sealing bag 18, then the cracks are arranged on the lower heat source 124, the upper heat source 122 is arranged on the sample rock mass 2, the upper cover plate 111 is covered, the joint of each component is subjected to water sealing connection treatment by using the water sealing glue, the second fastening bolt 17 is rotated, the upper cover plate 111 is tightly pressed on the sample rock mass 2, and the effect of fixing the sample rock mass 2 is achieved. Then, according to the water pressure that the experiment needs, rotate first fastening bolt 16 simultaneously and further exert the confined pressure, ensure that in this water pressure scope, water can only pass through the inlet tube and flow to the outlet pipe through the crack.
Detecting the water sealing effect: after the sample rock mass 2 is installed, start hydraulic control subassembly 50, water-flow for a period to the water effect of sealing of detection test device 10, if it is effectual to seal water, then continue the experiment, if it is unsatisfactory to seal water effect, then continue to rotate first fastening bolt 16 and adjust the confined pressure. Before the experiment begins, the temperature and pressure sensor 64 is inserted into the reserved position of the sample rock body 2.
The experiment was started: and starting the heat source component 12, providing the same temperature on the upper surface and the lower surface of the sample rock body 2, stopping heating until the sample rock body 2 is completely heated to the target temperature, and opening the water pressure control component 50 to enable the aqueous solution with lower temperature to flow through the rock cracks so as to exchange heat with the high-temperature sample rock body 2.
On the basis of the above, the teaching system 1 can specifically perform the following experiments:
(1) develop the experiment of the hydrothermal migration of fractured rock mass under the condition of different surrounding rock temperatures
(2) Developing a fractured rock mass hydrothermal migration experiment under the condition of constant water injection pressure;
(3) carrying out a fractured rock mass hydrothermal migration experiment under the condition of constant water injection flow;
(4) and carrying out a fractured rock mass hydrothermal migration experiment of different fracture upper surface appearances.
In the whole experiment process, the detection device 60 measures the pressure and the local flow field at the water inlet 13 and the water outlet 14 of the crack in the experiment process in real time; the water pressure control assembly 50 controls and records the osmotic pressure and the flow, and the water outlet collection assembly 30 weighs the water flowing out of the water outlet 14.
And (4) finishing the experiment: after the seepage heat exchange experiment under all working conditions is completed, the water pressure control assembly 50 is closed. And after the sample rock mass 2 and the test device 10 are cooled to room temperature, relieving confining pressure, cleaning the test device 10, and ending the experiment.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on the orientations and positional relationships shown in the drawings, are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a visual teaching system of fissured rock mass seepage flow heat transfer which characterized in that includes:
the testing device comprises a heat insulation assembly, wherein the heat insulation assembly defines a closed cavity, a heat source assembly is arranged in the cavity, a water sealing bag is arranged in the cavity, an inlet and an outlet are arranged in the water sealing bag, a water inlet and a water outlet are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the testing device along a first direction, the inlet is communicated with the water inlet, the outlet is communicated with the water outlet, the water sealing bag has elasticity and is used for wrapping a sample rock mass along the circumferential direction of a crack of the sample rock mass, a deformable water sealing piece is respectively arranged between the water sealing bag and the inner walls of the two opposite sides of the cavity along the first direction, and the inlet and the outlet are both used for being communicated with the crack so as to enable liquid with tracer particles to flow;
a visualization assembly comprising a laser assembly for providing a light source and two CCD cameras for capturing and filming the tracer particles;
the effluent collection assembly is used for collecting and measuring the flow of water at the seepage position of the fracture;
the visual component and the heat source component are electrically connected with the controller.
2. The visual teaching system of seepage flow heat transfer of fractured rock mass of claim 1, wherein the visual assembly further comprises a fixed seat, the CCD camera is fixed on the fixed seat, the fixed seat comprises a base, an X axial guide rail and a Y axial guide rail, the base comprises a universal shaft, the X axial guide rail is fixed on the top end of the universal shaft, the bottom of the Y axial guide rail is slidably embedded on the X axial guide rail through a first sliding block, a second sliding block is arranged on the Y axial guide rail, a rotatable disc is arranged on the second sliding block, and the CCD camera is arranged on the disc.
3. The visual teaching system of seepage and heat exchange of fractured rock mass according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the CCD camera has a first position and a second position, in the first position, the CCD camera and the laser assembly are located on the same side of the second direction of the test device, and the CCD camera and the laser assembly are located on the same plane, in the second position, the CCD camera is located on one side of a third direction of the test device, wherein the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.
4. The visual teaching system of seepage and heat exchange of fractured rock mass according to claim 3, wherein the heat insulation assembly comprises an upper cover plate, a lower cover plate and a coaming assembly, the upper cover plate, the lower cover plate and the coaming assembly together define the cavity, a first fastening bolt is rotatably arranged on the coaming assembly and the water sealing member, and the first fastening bolt is arranged in a blind hole of the water sealing member.
5. The visual teaching system of fractured rock mass seepage and heat exchange of claim 4, wherein the heat source assembly comprises an upper heat source and/or a lower heat source, wherein the upper heat source is arranged on the upper cover plate, the lower heat source is arranged on the lower cover plate, and the upper heat source and the lower heat source both comprise electric heating rings.
6. The visual teaching system of seepage and heat exchange of fractured rock mass according to claim 5, further comprising a second fastening bolt, wherein the second fastening bolt is rotatably arranged on the upper heat source and/or the water sealing member and the upper cover plate in a penetrating manner.
7. The visual teaching system of seepage and heat exchange of fractured rock mass according to claim 1, wherein the effluent collection assembly comprises an electronic balance and a liquid trap placed on the electronic balance tray, the liquid trap is communicated with the water outlet, and further comprising:
the water pressure control assembly comprises a water pump, and the water pump is communicated with the water inlet;
the detection device comprises a first pressure measuring sensor, a second pressure measuring sensor, a temperature sensor and a plurality of temperature and pressure sensors, wherein the first pressure measuring sensor is arranged on a flow path between the water pump and the water inlet, the second pressure measuring sensor and the temperature sensor are arranged on a flow path between the water outlet and the liquid collector, the heat insulation assembly and the heat source assembly are respectively provided with an installation position for the temperature and pressure sensors to penetrate into the cavity, the temperature and pressure sensors are a plurality of, the temperature and pressure sensors are close to one ends of the cracks and can stretch into the cracks, and the temperature and pressure sensors are arranged along the first direction.
8. The fractured rock mass seepage heat exchange visual teaching system according to claim 1, wherein the liquid comprises rhodamine 6G solution.
9. The visual teaching system of seepage and heat exchange of fractured rock mass according to claim 1, wherein the heat insulation component is made of at least one material selected from rigid polyurethane foam, extruded polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam and ceramics.
10. The visual teaching system of fractured rock mass seepage and heat exchange of claim 1, wherein the water sealing member comprises one of transparent rubber, transparent silica gel, transparent epoxy resin and polydimethylsiloxane.
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