CN103924461A - Dyeing process for cotton knitted fabric - Google Patents
Dyeing process for cotton knitted fabric Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dyeing process for cotton knitted fabric. The dyeing process mainly aims to improve the one-time success probability of dyeing. The dyeing process at least comprises the steps that dyeing accelerating agents, first sodium carbonate or substitution alkali and levelling agents are added to a dyeing machine; reactive dyes and second sodium carbonate or substitution alkali are added to the dyeing machine in the mode of dissolving materials with clear water; the dyeing machine is heated to a second set temperature, and the second set temperature is kept for 25 to 65 minutes. Before the dyes are added, the dyeing accelerating agents of anhydrous sodium sulphate and the sodium carbonate or the substitution alkali for fixing colors are added, the mode of dissolving the materials with the clear water is adopted twice to add the dyes and the second sodium carbonate or substitution alkali for subsection heating, the general character and the specific characters of the reactive dyes are comprehensively considered, such as proaporphine, temperature types and salt types, the dye yield and levelling property of the process are improved, the number of the adopted dyes is reduced, dyeing defects are overcome, the color phase is stable, the number of the steps is small, the operation is simple and easy to control, the procedure time is short, and the one-time success probability of dyeing is comprehensively improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of dyeing of cotton fabrics.
Background technology
Along with global warming, rivers cutout, lake are withered, ozone layer is constantly destroyed, and the threat that the earth of human survival is subject to is increasing, low-carbon (LC), produce energy-conservation, reduce discharging the common recognition that has become global economy sustainable development.
China is a traditional textile garment processing big country but is not power, the 3rd of the dyeing industry Wei Lie China high pollution industry in textile garment industry.In the numerous knitting printing and dyeing enterprise of China dyeing once successfully probability can reach 70% the phoenix feathers and unicorn horns that can be described as, according to statistics: if once success of dyeing, production cost is 100%, production efficiency is 100%, profit margin is 100%; If it is once unsuccessful to dye, need additive color or light maintenance look once, production cost is 120%, production efficiency is 80%, profit margin is 45%; If it is once unsuccessful to dye, need change colour and redye, production cost is 150%, production efficiency is 55%, profit margin is-45%; If it is once unsuccessful to dye, need strip and redye, production cost is 218%, production efficiency is 41%, profit margin is-375%.Wherein dyeing once successfully definition be exactly: under the technique of " zero-fault ", condition is carried out blind dying, not additive color, do not redye and reach once success of dyeing.Improve as can be seen from the above data once successful probability of dyeing, can reduce production costs, enhance productivity and increase enterprise profit.Dyeing is the combined influence that is subject to the various factors such as tinctorial yield, look flower, form and aspect, temperature of successful probability once.
The dyeing of traditional cotton fabrics is first to add dyestuff, after add accelerant and soda ash.There are at present some enterprises to attempt adopting and first add glauber salt and auxiliary agent, after the dyestuff that adds and the technique of soda ash dye, such way once successfully obtains certain effect on probability with respect to traditional handicraft improving dyeing, and the bright color blue dyeing of cotton fabrics of take below describes as example:
1. under normal temperature, in dyeing machine, add water, add 3 minutes water used times;
2. be warming up to 35 ℃, in dyeing machine, add required auxiliary agent, 5 minutes adding assistant used times, then dyeing machine running is 10 minutes;
3. to salt adding in dyeing machine, 15 minutes salt adding used times, then dyeing machine running is 10 minutes;
4. adopt the mode of backflow material to add dyestuff in dyeing machine, 20 minutes material used times, then dyeing machine running is 15 minutes;
5. with the speed of 1 ℃/min, be warming up to 90 ℃, heat up 55 minutes used times, then dyeing machine insulation is 30 minutes;
6. with the speed of 2 ℃/min, be cooled to 45 ℃, 22.5 minutes used times of cooling, then dyeing machine insulation is 10 minutes;
7. in coloring agent, add first alkali, add 20 minutes alkali used times, then dyeing machine running is 10 minutes;
8. in dyeing machine, add second alkali, 20 minutes used times of plus-minus, then dyeing machine running is 10 minutes;
9. with the speed of 1 ℃/min, rise to 60 ℃, heat up 15 minutes used times, be incubated 30 minutes～45 minutes;
10. put raffinate.
Above-mentioned dyeing, owing to repeatedly using backflow material, easily causes dye molecule to form poly-, hydrolysis, thereby form color spot on cotton fabrics, reduces tinctorial yield; Long-time high temperature, has caused the hydrolysis of a large amount of dye molecules, thereby has affected the reproduction of the form and aspect of fabric; Operation controllability is poor, manageability not, and amount, the time of backflow material are uneven, affect the stability of the form and aspect of fabric, above some integrate and reduced once successful probability of dyeing.
Above-mentioned dyeing be take and dyed 320Kg fabric as example, and bath raio is pressed 1:8,25 kilowatts/hour of the powers of motor of dyeing machine, and boiler thermal output is 85%.Required total time is at least 300.5min=5.008 hour; The water yield 320 * 8=2560 liter in dyeing machine; It is (90 ℃-25 ℃) * 2560=166400 kilocalorie that 2560 premium on currency are risen to 90 ℃ of institute's calorific requirements from 25 ℃, and amounting to mark coal is 166400 ÷ 7000=23.77 kilogram, consumes mark coal 23.77 ÷ 0.85=27.96Kg; The required cooling water of temperature-fall period is (90 ℃-45 ℃) * 2560 ÷ (45 ℃-25 ℃)=5760 liters, and it is large that real figure is wanted, because of heat exchange so not fast; 2560 premium on currency are risen to 60 ℃ from 45 ℃, and institute's calorific requirement (60 ℃-45 ℃) * 2560=38400 kilocalorie, amounts to mark coal: 38400 ÷ 7000 ÷ 0.85=6.45Kg.Total consumption mark coal is 27.96+6.45=34.41Kg, and total power consumption is 5.008 * 25=125.2 degree, 5760 liters of consumption cooling waters.
So this traditional dyeing except dyeing once successfully probability low, also free long, how cooling water waste is many, power consumption is large and the coal consumption shortcoming such as.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the invention provides a kind of once dyeing of the cotton fabrics of successful probability of dyeing that improves.
For achieving the above object, the dyeing of cotton fabrics of the present invention, described technique at least comprises:
According to the amount of the cotton fabrics of pre-treatment in dyeing machine and predetermined bath raio, water is put into described dyeing machine;
Described dyeing machine is warming up to the first design temperature, adds accelerant, first soda ash or substitute alkali, levelling agent with the times of 3～5 minutes in described dyeing machine, and then described dyeing machine running is 15～20 minutes;
Adopt the mode of clear water material in described dyeing machine, to add REACTIVE DYES with the time of 10～25 minutes, then described dyeing machine running is 10～30 minutes;
Adopt the mode of clear water material in described dyeing machine, to add second soda ash or substitute alkali with the time of 15～25 minutes, then described dyeing machine running is 10～30 minutes;
According to predetermined heating rate, described dyeing machine is warming up to the second design temperature from described the first design temperature, keeps described the second design temperature 25～65 minutes;
Emit the raffinate in described dyeing machine.
Further, described accelerant is glauber salt or salt.
Further, the amount of described first soda ash or substitute alkali is half of amount of described second soda ash or substitute alkali.
Further, described the first design temperature is 35 ℃～45 ℃.
Further, described the second design temperature is 55 ℃～85 ℃.
Particularly, described dyeing machine is for spraying overflow rope dyeing machine.
The present invention added accelerant, activates first soda ash or substitute alkali that the fixation of holding concurrently is used before adding REACTIVE DYES, adopt the mode of twice clear water material to add REACTIVE DYES and second soda ash or substitute alkali and temperature-gradient method, various measures are improved tinctorial yield of the present invention, prevented look flower, and make form and aspect stable, and the step of technological process is few, simple to operate, process is easily controlled, extensibility, the popularity of technique are improved, and integrate the dyeing successful probability once that has improved dyeing.In addition, the present invention also reduces power consumption, coal consumption, makes dyeing reduce fund cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the process chart of the dyeing of cotton fabrics of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with Figure of description, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
The dyeing of the present embodiment for shallow, neutralize dark dyestuff and be all applicable to.
The technological process of the present embodiment is as follows:
1. under normal temperature, in dyeing machine, add water, add 3 minutes water used times, the amount that adds water is controlled according to the amount of the cotton fabrics of the pre-treatment in dyeing machine and predetermined bath raio;
2. be warming up to 35 ℃ of the first design temperatures, and keep this temperature, in dyeing machine, add accelerant glauber salt, first soda ash and levelling agent, the used time that adds accelerant, first soda ash and levelling agent is 3 minutes, adds poststaining machine running 15 minutes;
By REACTIVE DYES with after clear water material, join in dyeing machine, to adding the used time of the REACTIVE DYES melting in dyeing machine, be 10 minutes, then dyeing machine running is 10 minutes;
4. the second soda ash of fixation being used melts with clear water, joins in dyeing machine, and the used time that adds the soda ash melting is 15 minutes, and then dyeing machine running is 10 minutes;
5. with the speed of 1 ℃/min, the temperature in dyeing machine is risen to 60 ℃ from 35 ℃, 25 minutes temperature-rise period used times, then keeping temperature is 60 ℃, temperature retention time 25 minutes;
6. emit raffinate.
Dyeing machine in the present embodiment is real for spraying overflow rope dyeing machine, referred to as dyeing machine.Normal temperature is 25 ℃.
In the present embodiment, the amount that first soda ash adds is 1g/l, and first soda ash amount is half of amount of second soda ash, certainly adds the amount of first soda ash to be not limited to 1g/l, should determine according to demand, and the amount generally adding is within the scope of 1g/l～3g/l.
In addition, the soda ash that the soda ash that the double fixation of first activation is used and second fixation are used can replace with substitute alkali, if adopt the words of substitute alkali, the amount of first substitute alkali is 0.5g/l, the amount of first substitute alkali is half of amount of second substitute alkali, certainly add the amount of first substitute alkali to be not limited to 0.5g/l, should determine according to demand, the amount generally adding is within the scope of 0.3g/l～1g/l.
What the accelerant in the present embodiment adopted is glauber salt, also can adopt salt.
Adding, before dyestuff, to add the effect of accelerant and soda ash be in the situation that there is no dyestuff, cotton fabrics to be dyeed adsorbs glauber salt and soda ash uniformly, eliminated the negative electrical charge on fiber and made the part of hydroxyl ionization in fiber, reduce the charge effect in dyeing course afterwards, eliminate the obstacle in dyeing course, made the fiber surface close contact of dye molecule and cotton fabrics, thereby improved the dye-uptake of dyestuff, in addition, the 2nd step has also played the effect that prevents look flower.
REACTIVE DYES can be divided three classes substantially: the first kind is salt type, and, after salt adding, the dye-uptake of REACTIVE DYES obviously improves; Equations of The Second Kind is alkalescence, and, after adding alkaline agent, dye-uptake and the degree of fixation of REACTIVE DYES significantly improve; The 3rd class is temperature mode, and after temperature raises, dye-uptake and the degree of fixation of REACTIVE DYES significantly improve.For comprehensive dye-uptake and the degree of fixation that improves REACTIVE DYES, in the 2nd step, add after accelerant, soda ash and levelling agent, slowly add dyestuff, in the 4th step, slowly add soda ash, in the 5th step, start to be slowly warming up to design temperature, this design temperature is according to different REACTIVE DYES and difference.The dyeing course of REACTIVE DYES for activating, absorption, diffusion, on dye and bonding fixation.
The process of the twice use clear water material of employing in the present embodiment, one is the 3rd step, with clear water, melt the process of REACTIVE DYES, two is that the 4th step melts the process of second soda ash with clear water, the mode that adopts clear water material, can guarantee the normal operation of dyeing machine, reduces the hydrolysis of REACTIVE DYES, improved tinctorial yield, and form and aspect are stable.Available technology adopting dyestuff is back to and in material bucket, carries out material, when changing salt, because the concentration of salt is high, causes forming of dye molecule poly-, when choline, the high hydrolysis that causes material bucket inner dye molecule of concentration due to alkali, has affected the stability of form and aspect, and has reduced tinctorial yield.
So the present embodiment improves tinctorial yield, prevented look flower and improved the stability of form and aspect, and the convenient easily control of whole technical process, thus the dyeing of the dyeing in the present embodiment once successfully probability higher than traditional dyeing.
The present embodiment has not only improved once successful probability of dyeing, and have save whole dyeing time, reduce water consumption, reduce the beneficial effect of energy resource consumption.In addition, the step of the present embodiment is obviously few than the step of traditional dyeing, and technological process is simple.
The present embodiment is with 320 kilograms of cotton fabrics to be dyeed, and bath raio is 1:8,25 kilowatts/hour of the powers of motor of dyeing machine, and boiler thermal output is 85% to illustrate.
The time of the whole dyeing of the present embodiment is 116 minutes, be converted into 1.93 hours; the water consumption that bath raio is 1:8 is 320 * 8=2560 liter; required heat is (60 ℃-25 ℃) * 2560 liters=89600 kilocalories to 2560 premium on currency from 25 ℃ to 60 ℃, and being scaled standard coal is 89600 ÷ 7000 ÷ 0.85=15.059 kilogram.The power of motor of dyeing machine is by 25 kilowatts of/hour calculations, and power consumption is 25 * 1.93=48.3 degree.In the present embodiment, not having to lower the temperature adds the step of alkali, so without cooling water.
With respect to prior art, the used time of whole dyeing has reduced 5.008-1.93=3.078 hour, 5760 liters of cooling waters, and mark coal consumption has been saved 34.41-15.059=19.351 kilogram, and power consumption has been saved 125.2-48.3=76.9 degree.So, time, minimizing water consumption, reduction power consumption and the mark coal use amount of not only saving whole dyeing.
Embodiment 2
The dyeing of the present embodiment is all applicable to for reactive brilliant yellow, the active light green and blue isoreactivity dyestuff of active kingfisher.
1. under normal temperature, in dyeing machine, add water, add 5 minutes water used times, the amount that adds water is controlled according to the amount of the cotton fabrics of the pre-treatment in dyeing machine and predetermined bath raio;
2. be warming up to 40 ℃ of the first design temperatures, and keep this temperature, in dyeing machine, add accelerant salt, first substitute alkali and levelling agent, adding the used time of accelerant, first substitute alkali and levelling agent is 5 minutes, adds poststaining machine running 20 minutes;
By REACTIVE DYES with after clear water material, join in dyeing machine, to adding the used time of the REACTIVE DYES melting in dyeing machine, be 25 minutes, then dyeing machine running is 30 minutes;
4. second substitute alkali is melted with clear water, join in dyeing machine, the used time that adds the substitute alkali melting is 25 minutes, and then dyeing machine running is 30 minutes;
5. with the speed of 1 ℃/min, the temperature in dyeing machine is risen to 80 ℃ from 40 ℃, 40 minutes temperature-rise period used times, then keeping temperature is 80 ℃, temperature retention time 40 minutes;
6. emit raffinate.
Dyeing machine in the present embodiment is real for spraying overflow rope dyeing machine, referred to as dyeing machine.Normal temperature is 25 ℃.
In the present embodiment, the amount of first substitute alkali is 0.8g/l, and the amount of first substitute alkali is half of amount of second substitute alkali, certainly adds the amount of first substitute alkali to be not limited to 0.8g/l, should determine according to demand, the amount generally adding is within the scope of 0.3g/l～1g/l.
In addition, the substitute alkali that the substitute alkali that the double fixation of first activation is used and second fixation are used can replace with soda ash, if adopt the words of soda ash, the amount that first soda ash adds is 1g/l, first soda ash amount is half of amount of second soda ash, certainly add the amount of first soda ash to be not limited to 1g/l, should determine according to demand, the amount generally adding is within the scope of 1g/l～3g/l.
What the accelerant in the present embodiment adopted is salt, also can adopt glauber salt.
Adding, before dyestuff, to add the effect of accelerant and substitute alkali be in the situation that there is no dyestuff, cotton fabrics to be dyeed adsorbs salt and substitute alkali uniformly, eliminated the negative electrical charge on fiber and made the part of hydroxyl ionization in fiber, reduce the charge effect in dyeing course afterwards, eliminate the obstacle in dyeing course, made the fiber surface close contact of dye molecule and cotton fabrics, thereby improved the dye-uptake of dyestuff, in addition, the 2nd step has also played the effect that prevents look flower.
The process of the twice use clear water material of employing in the present embodiment, one is the 3rd step, melts the process of REACTIVE DYES with clear water, this step material temperature should be not less than 70 ℃, because reactive brilliant yellow, the active light green and blue isoreactivity dyestuff of active kingfisher are planar structures, easily assembles.Two is that the 4th step melts the process of second substitute alkali with clear water, adopts the mode of clear water material, can guarantee the normal operation of dyeing machine, reduces the hydrolysis of REACTIVE DYES, has improved tinctorial yield, and form and aspect are stable.Available technology adopting dyestuff is back to and in material bucket, carries out material, when changing salt, because the concentration of salt is high, causes forming of dye molecule poly-, when choline, the high hydrolysis that causes material bucket inner dye molecule of concentration due to alkali, has affected the stability of form and aspect, and has reduced tinctorial yield.
So the present embodiment improves tinctorial yield, prevented look flower and improved the stability of form and aspect, and the convenient easily control of whole technical process, thus the dyeing of the dyeing in the present embodiment once successfully probability higher than dyeing of the prior art.
The present embodiment has not only improved once successful probability of dyeing, and have save whole dyeing time, reduce water consumption, reduce the beneficial effect of energy resource consumption.In addition, the step of the present embodiment is obviously few than the step of traditional dyeing, and technological process is simple.
For convenience of contrasting with traditional dyeing, the cotton fabrics that the present embodiment is to be dyeed is 320 kilograms, and bath raio also adopts 1:8,25 kilowatts/hour of the powers of motor of dyeing machine, and boiler thermal output is 85%.Certain bath raio of the present invention is not limited to 1:8, sets according to demand, here just for convenience of contrast.
The time of the whole dyeing of the present embodiment is 220 minutes=3.67 hours, power consumption is 3.67 * 25=91.67 degree, it is (80 ℃-25 ℃) * 2560=140800 kilocalorie that temperature rises to 80 ℃ of required heats from 25 ℃, being converted into mark coal is 140800 ÷ 7000 ÷ 0.85=23.67 kilogram, clearly the dyeing of the present embodiment time used, power consumption and coal consumption are all few than time used, power consumption and the coal consumption of traditional dyeing, and do not need cooling water.
The time to adding soda ash or substitute alkali, accelerant, levelling agent and REACTIVE DYES in dyeing machine in above-described embodiment 1,2 is not limited to the time providing in the technological process in embodiment 1,2, should determine according to demand.Certainly the time that the temperature retention time after adding the duration of runs of soda ash or substitute alkali, accelerant, levelling agent or REACTIVE DYES poststaining machine and heating up provides in being also not limited to the technological process in embodiment 1,2, this time also should determine according to demand.The temperature raising in the 2nd step in embodiment 1,2 and the 5th step in addition is also not limited to the temperature providing in the technological process in embodiment 1,2, and this temperature also should be determined according to demand.That is to say all time providing in the technological process in embodiment 1,2, the value that temperature provides in being all not limited to above-mentioned technological process, in concrete enforcement, should determine according to demand.
The present invention added accelerant, first soda ash or substitute alkali before adding REACTIVE DYES, adopt the mode of twice clear water material to add REACTIVE DYES and second soda ash or substitute alkali and temperature-gradient method, various measures are improved tinctorial yield of the present invention, prevented look flower, and made form and aspect stable, and the step of technological process is few, simple to operate, flow time is short, and process is easily controlled, and integrates the dyeing successful probability once that has improved dyeing.In addition, the present invention also reduces power consumption, coal consumption, makes dyeing reduce fund cost.
Above; be only preferred embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the variation that can expect easily or replacement, within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain that claim was defined.
Claims (6)
1. a dyeing for cotton fabrics, is characterized in that, described technique at least comprises:
According to the amount of the cotton fabrics of pre-treatment in dyeing machine and predetermined bath raio, water is put into described dyeing machine;
Described dyeing machine is warming up to the first design temperature, adds accelerant, first soda ash or substitute alkali, levelling agent with the times of 3～5 minutes in described dyeing machine, and then described dyeing machine running is 15～20 minutes;
Adopt the mode of clear water material in described dyeing machine, to add REACTIVE DYES with the time of 10～25 minutes, then described dyeing machine running is 10～30 minutes;
Adopt the mode of clear water material in described dyeing machine, to add second soda ash or substitute alkali with the time of 15～25 minutes, then described dyeing machine running is 10～30 minutes;
According to predetermined heating rate, described dyeing machine is warming up to the second design temperature from described the first design temperature, keeps described the second design temperature 25～65 minutes;
Emit the raffinate in described dyeing machine.
2. the dyeing of cotton fabrics according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described accelerant is glauber salt or salt.
3. the dyeing of cotton fabrics according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the amount of described first soda ash or substitute alkali is half of amount of described second soda ash or substitute alkali.
4. the dyeing of cotton fabrics according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described the first design temperature is 35 ℃～45 ℃.
5. the dyeing of cotton fabrics according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described the second design temperature is 55 ℃～85 ℃.
6. the dyeing of cotton fabrics according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described dyeing machine is for spraying overflow rope dyeing machine.
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| CN105506955A (en) * | 2016-01-06 | 2016-04-20 | 萧县泰达制衣有限公司 | Cotton knitted fabric dyeing and finishing process |
| CN105734982A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-07-06 | 际华三五四三针织服饰有限公司 | Finishing method of fleece clothing for military supplies |
| CN106283755A (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2017-01-04 | 桐乡市濮院毛针织技术服务中心 | A kind of dyeing of imitative floss cotton |
| CN107988818A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-05-04 | 嘉兴市泰石漂染有限公司 | A kind of cotton, the dyeing of viscose glue class yarn |
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| CN111270536A (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2020-06-12 | 无锡市红博面料馆有限公司 | Method for improving dyeing fixation rate of reactive dye liquid ammonia |
| CN111549550A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-08-18 | 浙江银河印染有限公司 | Dark blue energy-saving dyeing method for polyester-cotton knitted fabric |
| CN112647321A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-13 | 孚日集团股份有限公司 | High-reactivity dye dyeing method for pure cotton cone yarn |
| CN113151945A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-07-23 | 浙江金江纺织有限公司 | Environment-friendly high-color-fastness colored spun yarn and preparation process thereof |
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| CN107988818A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-05-04 | 嘉兴市泰石漂染有限公司 | A kind of cotton, the dyeing of viscose glue class yarn |
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