CN103909819B - 混合动力车辆 - Google Patents

混合动力车辆 Download PDF

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CN103909819B
CN103909819B CN201410128986.0A CN201410128986A CN103909819B CN 103909819 B CN103909819 B CN 103909819B CN 201410128986 A CN201410128986 A CN 201410128986A CN 103909819 B CN103909819 B CN 103909819B
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power
order
engine
power source
target
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CN103909819A (zh
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王青
邝明朗
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60W30/00Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/188Controlling power parameters of the driveline, e.g. determining the required power
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    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48Parallel type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
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    • B60W10/24Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B60W10/26Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W30/188Controlling power parameters of the driveline, e.g. determining the required power
    • B60W30/1882Controlling power parameters of the driveline, e.g. determining the required power characterised by the working point of the engine, e.g. by using engine output chart
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种混合动力车辆,其包括:电力机械;初级功率源和二级功率源,能够将功率提供到所述电力机械;控制系统,包括至少一个控制器,所述至少一个控制器被构造为:至少部分地基于驾驶员输入来确定二级功率源的目标功率水平,初级功率源的目标扭矩命令以及初级功率源的总功率命令;基于二级功率源的目标功率水平、初级功率源的总功率命令和初级功率源的当前功率命令确定从二级功率源需要的总功率量;当从二级功率源需要的总功率量不在二级功率源的操作限制内时,调节初级功率源的目标扭矩命令;施加目标扭矩命令以控制初级功率源提供的扭矩。

Description

混合动力车辆
本申请是申请日为2009年12月09日、申请号为200910258029.9、发明名称为“混合动力车辆”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混合动力车辆及控制方法。
背景技术
在颁发给本申请的受让人的第7,398,147号美国专利中公开了一种控制混合动力车辆中的功率管理的方法。
发明内容
在至少一个实施例中,提供了一种控制具有发动机和二级功率源的混合动力车辆的操作的方法。所述方法包括:确定发动机扭矩命令、确定发动机速度命令以及基于发动机扭矩和发动机速度命令操作发动机。发动机扭矩命令的确定基于对车辆加速还是减速的请求、二级功率源的目标功率水平和当前发动机功率命令。发动机速度命令的确定基于二级功率源的目标功率水平、总发动机功率命令和车速。
在至少一个实施例中,提供了一种控制具有发动机和二级功率源的混合动力车辆的操作的方法。所述方法包括:基于对车辆加速或减速的请求来确定二级功率源的目标功率水平和目标发动机扭矩命令。总发动机功率命令的确定基于对车辆加速或减速的请求以及二级功率源的目标功率水平。从二级功率源需要的总功率量的确定基于二级功率源的目标功率水平和总发动机功率命令和当前发动机功率命令之间的差。所述方法还确定从二级功率源需要的总功率量是否在操作限制内。当从二级功率源需要的总功率量不在操作限制内时,通过调节目标发动机扭矩命令来确定发动机扭矩命令。还通过发动机扭矩命令确定和执行发动机速度命令,以控制发动机的操作。
在至少一个实施例中,提供了一种混合动力车辆。所述混合动力车辆包括:电力机械;初级功率源和二级功率源,能够将功率供应到所述电力机械;控制系统。所述控制系统包括至少一个控制器,所述控制器被构造为:至少部分地基于驾驶员输入来确定二级功率源的目标功率水平;初级功率源的目标扭矩命令以及初级功率源的总功率命令。从二级功率源需要的总功率量的确定基于二级功率源的目标功率水平、初级功率源的总功率命令和初级功率源的当前功率命令。当从二级功率需要的总功率量不在操作限制中时,调节初级功率源的目标扭矩命令。目标扭矩命令被施加以控制初级功率源提供的扭矩。
附图说明
图1是示例性混合动力车辆的示意图;
图2是控制混合动力车辆的操作的方法的流程图;
图3是显示确定扭矩命令的方法的流程图;
图4是显示确定从功率源需要的功率是否在一个或多个操作限制内的方法的流程图;
图5和图6是显示图2中的控制方法的实施的图形表示。
具体实施方式
在此公开本发明的具体实施例;但是,应该理解,公开的实施例仅是可按照各种方式和可替代的方式实施的本发明的示例。附图不是必须按照比例绘制,一些特征可被放大或最小化,以显示特定组件的细节。因此,在此公开的特定结构和功能性细节不应被解释为限制,而只是作为权利要求的代表性基础和/或作为教导本领域技术人员多样地实施本发明的基础。
参照图1,示出了混合动力车辆10的示意图。混合动力车辆10可包括第一轮组(wheelset)12、第二轮组14和轮子驱动系统或动力传动系统(drivetrain)16。
动力传动系统16可被构造为用于驱动或激励第一轮组12和/或第二轮组14。动力传动系统16可具有合适的构造,如本领域技术人员所知的例如,系列驱动(aseriesdrive)、分流混合动力驱动(splithybriddrive)或双模式分流(dualmodesplit)。在图1所示的实施例中,显示了功率分流驱动构造。
动力传动系统16可被构造为驱动第一轮组12和/或第二轮组14或为第一轮组12和/或第二轮组14提供扭矩。在显示的实施例中,第一轮组12被构造为通过动力传动系统16驱动,同时第二轮组14被构造为通过电力机械(electricalmachine)20,例如,电机,来驱动。另一种方案是,在本发明的其它实施例中,可提供第二轮组14而不具有电力机械20。
混合动力车辆10可包括任何合适数量的功率源。在图1所示的实施例中,混合动力车辆10包括初级功率源30和二级功率源32。
初级功率源30可以是任何合适的能量产生装置,例如,可适于燃烧任何合适类型的燃料,如汽油,柴油,或氢的内燃机。
二级功率源32可以是任何合适的类型。例如,二级功率源32可以是电力的、非电力的或它们的组合。可使用电功率源,例如电池、具有多个电连接的单元电池的电池包、电容器或燃料电池。如果使用电池,则其可以是任何合适的类型,例如,镍金属氢化物(Ni-MH),镍铁(Ni-Fe),镍镉(Ni-Cd),铅酸,锌溴(Zn-Br),或锂基电池。如果使用电容器,则其可以是任何合适类型的电容器,例如,如本领域技术人员所知的超级电容器(ultracapacitor),法拉电容器(supercapacitor),电化学电容器,或电子双层电容器。非电力功率源可以是这样的装置,其能量可被转换为电子或机械能量。例如,液力功率源(hydraulicpowersource)或机械功率源,诸如飞轮,弹簧,发动机,或者压缩气体可储存可根据需要被转换为电子或机械能或者作为电子或机械能被释放的能量。为了简明,以下描述将主要针对包括电子功率源的本发明的实施例。
初级功率源30和二级功率源32可适于将功率提供到功率传递系统34和/或电力机械20。功率传递系统34适于驱动一个或多个车轮。在至少一个实施例中,功率传递系统34可按照任何合适的方式(例如,通过驱动杆、链或其它机械连接件)连接到差速器(differential)36。差速器36可通过一个或多个轴38(例如,轴或半轴)连接到第一轮组12的各个轮子。
功率传递系统34可包括各种机械的、电子的和/或机电装置。在显示的实施例中,功率传递系统34包括作为主要组成部分的行星齿轮装配件40、第一电力机械42、功率传递单元44和第二电力机械46。
行星齿轮装配件40可具有任何合适的构造。在显示的实施例中,行星齿轮装配件40包括太阳齿轮50、多个行星齿轮52和环形齿轮54。
初级功率源30可通过离合器56被选择性地结合到行星齿轮装配件40。离合器56可以是任何合适的类型,例如,单向离合器,以允许初级功率源30驱动行星齿轮装配件40。如果离合器56被接合,则初级功率源30可使行星齿轮装配件40的行星齿轮52旋转。接着,行星齿轮52的旋转可使得环形齿轮54旋转。环形齿轮54可结合到功率传递单元44,功率传递单元44结合到差速器36,以将扭矩传递到车辆的驱动轮,从而驱动混合动力电动车辆10。功率传递单元44可包括多个齿数比,从而可被接合以提供想要的车辆响应。
第一电力机械42(可以是电机或电机-发电机)可结合到太阳齿轮50,以提供扭矩以补充,或者抵消初级功率源30提供的扭矩。可提供制动器58以减小从第一电力机械42传递到太阳齿轮50的速度和/或传输(transmission)或扭矩。
第二电力机械46可通过二级功率源32和/或第一电力机械42驱动。第二电力机械46(可以是电机)可被结合到功率传递单元44上,以驱动混合动力电动车辆10。
一个或多个控制模块60可以是监视器,并控制混合动力车辆10的多个方面。为了简单起见,显示了单一的控制模块60,但是,可提供多个控制模块,以监视和/或控制在此描述的组件、系统和功能。
控制模块60可与初级功率源30、二级功率源32和电力机械42、46进行通信,以监视和控制它们的操作和执行。控制模块60可按照本领域技术人员公知的方式来接收指示发动机转速、发动机扭矩、车速、电力机械速度、电力机械扭矩,以及二级功率源32的操作状态的信号。例如,发动机速度可通过适于检测相关组件的转速(rotationalspeed)或旋转速率(rotationalvelocity)的发动机速度传感器(未示出)来检测。这种速度传感器可与初级功率源30结合,以检测初级功率源输出轴的转速或速率。另一种方案是,速度传感器可被设置在初级功率源30的下游的动力传动系统16中。
控制模块60可从其它组件或子系统接收输入信号。例如,控制模块60可接收指示驾驶员或车辆系统(例如,有源或智能巡航控制系统)要求的车辆加速的信号。这种信号可通过或基于来自输入装置或传感器62(例如,加速器踏板传感器或巡航控制输入装置)的信号提供。
控制模块60还可接收指示驾驶员或车辆系统(例如,有源或智能巡航控制系统)要求的车辆减速的信号。这种信号可通过或基于来自输入装置或传感器64(例如,加速器踏板传感器或巡航控制输入装置)的信号提供。
加速和减速请求可用于估计“踩(tip-in)”事件或“放(tip-out)”事件是否已发生。踩事件可指示需要额外的功率或车辆加速。放事件可指示需要更少的功率或车辆减速。例如,踩事件可通过加速器踏板的激励而被指示。相似地,放事件可通过车辆的制动、松开加速器踏板或它们的组合来指示。
在混合动力车辆中,加速(踩)和减速(放)事件可导致提供以激励车轮的功率的改变。通常,加速请求增加功率消耗需求,减速请求减少功率消耗需求。功率需求的改变可导致瞬态条件或状态,其中,至少一个功率源的操作特征改变以提供增加的或减少的功率量。
在具有发动机的混合动力车辆中,发动机功率可以是发动机速度和发动机输出扭矩的函数(例如,功率=扭矩×速度)。在瞬时条件下,如果发动机速度和发动机扭矩没有被智能地控制,则会使得燃料经济性降低。燃料经济性缺点可通过具有更加频繁地踩和/或放事件的野蛮的驾驶而被扩大。与现有技术相比,本发明通过提供改进的控制方法可帮助提供提高的燃料经济性。
参照图2至图4,显示了示出控制混合动力车辆的操作的方法的流程图。如本领域普通技术人员将熟知的,流程图代表可通过使用硬件、软件或硬件和软件的组合实施的控制逻辑。例如,各种功能可通过使用可编程微处理器来执行。控制逻辑可通过利用多个公知的编程或处理技术或策略中的任何一些来实施,并且不限于显示的次序或顺序。例如,中断或事件驱动处理在实时控制应用中被使用,而不是如图所示的完整的连续的策略。相同地,对加工(pairprocessing),多任务,或者多线程的系统和方法可用于实现本发明的目标、特征和优点。
本发明独立于用于研发和/或实施所显示的控制逻辑的特定的编程语言、操作系统处理器或电路。同样地,根据特定的编程语言和处理策略,各种功能可按照显示的次序执行,基本同时执行或按不同的次序执行,同时实现本发明的特点和优点。显示的功能可被修改或者在一些情况下被省略,而不脱离本发明的精神或范围。
参照图2,显示了概括根据本发明的控制方法的流程图。该方法参照具有发动机作为初级功率源和电池作为二级功率源的混合动力车辆的实施例进行描述,但是,应该理解在各种实施例中,可使用上面描述的其它初级功率源和二级功率源。
在100,确定发动机扭矩命令(τeng_cmd)。在图3中显示了怎样可确定发动机扭矩命令的细节。
在102,确定发动机速度命令(ωeng_cmd)。在讨论了发动机扭矩命令之后,在以下讨论关于怎样可确定发动机速度命令的细节。
在104,执行发动机速度命令和发动机扭矩命令。所述执行可通过控制模块60以本领域技术人员公知的方式控制。发动机速度命令和发动机扭矩命令的执行可导致更加省油的发动机操作。
参照图3,现在,将详细描述发动机扭矩命令(τeng_cmd)的确定。
在200,确定功率命令(Pdrv)。功率命令可基于驾驶员或系统提供的命令,驾驶员或系统(例如,有源巡航控制系统)可命令车辆加速或减速。在至少一个实施例中,功率命令可被确定为以下表达式的函数:
Pdrv=(Accel-Decel)×Speed
其中:
Pdrv是功率命令;
Accel是加速命令,
Decel是减速命令,
Speed是车速。
作为示例,功率命令可基于加速请求,更少地基于任何减速请求,加速请求和减速请求可以指示扭矩。在驾驶员提供命令的情况下,加速命令和减速命令可分别基于加速器踏板和制动器踏板的致动,或者如前所述的相似的输入装置的致动。相似的或附加的命令可通过有源巡航控制系统或其它系统提供,与如前所述的驾驶员输入有关或者无关都行。车速可用于有效地将净加速度或扭矩需求转换为功率。
在202,确定目标电池功率水平(Pbat_target)和目标发动机扭矩命令(τeng_target)。这些目标值的确定可基于利用在查找表中或通过算法获得的预编程的值的功率命令(Pdrv)、车速和当前发动机速度(ωeng)。例如,功率命令、车速和当前发动机速度可用于参考在查找表中的适当的目标值。这种查找表可填充有基于车辆研发测试和/或实际或预期的车辆运行特征的目标值。在一个或多个实施例中,目标电池功率水平和/或目标发动机扭矩命令可以是优化的值。这种优化可相对于燃料消耗来进行。
在204,确定总发动机功率命令(Ptotal)。在至少一个实施例中,总发动机功率命令可被确定为以下表达式的函数:
Ptotal=Pdrv+Pbat_target
其中:
Ptotal是总发动机功率命令,
Pdrv是功率命令,
Pbat_target是目标电池功率水平。
如在以下更加详细地描述,当总发动机功率命令或目标电池功率水平或车速改变时可存在瞬时条件,其中,目标发动机速度可从当前速度水平改变为下一目标发动机速度水平。
在206,确定当前发动机功率命令(Peng_current)。在至少一个实施例中,当前发动机功率命令可由以下表达式的函数确定:
Peng_currenteng_cmd(n-1)×ωeng
其中:
Peng_current是当前发动机功率命令,
τeng_cmd(n-1)是当前发动机扭矩命令,
ωeng是发动机速度。
当前发动机功率命令可基于功率等于扭矩乘以速度的原理。当前发动机扭矩命令可以是当前或充分近的发动机扭矩命令,例如,来自方法的前一迭代值(iteration)(n-1)的扭矩命令。当前发动机扭矩命令可被初始化为零或任何合适的值,以当没有前一迭代值存在时,提供值。此外,利用当前发动机扭矩命令可提供或充分逼近瞬时或实际发动机扭矩。
在208,确定在瞬时操作期间需要的额外电池功率的量(ΔPeng)或“功率误差”值。在至少一个实施例中,需要的额外电池功率可通过以下表达式的函数确定:
ΔPeng=Ptotal-Peng_current
其中:
ΔPeng是需要的额外电池功率,
Ptotal是总发动机功率命令,
Peng_current是当前发动机功率命令。
因此,需要的额外电池功率可指示在瞬时操作条件下不期望发动机提供的功率量,并且可至少部分地通过二级功率源提供或补充。另一种概念化ΔPeng的方法是作为需要的总发动机功率命令和当前或瞬时发动机功率命令之间的差。
在210,确定需要的总电池功率(Pbat_req)。在至少一个实施例中,需要的总电池功率可确定为以下表达式的函数:
Pbat_req=Pbat_target-ΔPeng
其中:
Pbat_req是需要的总电池功率,
Pbat_target是目标电池功率水平,
ΔPeng是需要的额外电池功率。
因此,需要的总电池功率可理想化地为将提供的电池功率的量,而不用管其操作限制。
在212,需要的总电池功率与操作限制比较。这种比较返回一个值,由Peng_add表示,即,指示在操作限制之外的需要的电池功率的量。将通过图4的讨论在以下示出这种比较的细节。
在214,确定发动机扭矩调节值(τeng_add)。在至少一个实施例中,发动机扭矩调节值可通过以下表达式的函数确定:
τeng_add=Peng_addeng
其中:
τeng_add是发动机扭矩调节值,
Peng_add是在操作限制之外的需要的电池功率的量,
ωeng是发动机速度。
因此,该步骤将需要的额外的量的发动机功率从功率值转换为扭矩值。
在216,确定发动机扭矩命令(τeng_cmd)。在至少一个实施例中,发动机扭矩命令可由以下表达式的函数确定:
τeng_cmdeng_targeteng_add
其中:
τeng_cmd是发动机扭矩命令,
τeng_target是目标发动机扭矩命令,
τeng_add是发动机扭矩调节值。
因此,如果电池或二级功率源不能提供需要的额外功率,则发动机扭矩命令从方框202开始调节目标发动机扭矩命令。如果不需要调节(即,如果τeng_add=0),则发动机扭矩命令将成为目标发动机扭矩命令。
参照图4,显示了确定在操作限制之外的需要的电池功率的量的方法。更具体地说,图4是与方框212相关的步骤的实施例。
在300,所述方法确定需要的总电池功率(Pbat_req)是否为正值。当电池放电时,需要的总电池功率可以是正值。如果需要的总电池功率是正值,则所述方法在方框302处继续。如果需要的总电池功率不是正的,则所述方法在方框304处继续。
在302,所述方法确定需要的总电池功率是否大于放电极限值(Pbat_discharge_limit)。放电极限值可以是预定的值或范围,其可指示可从电池放电的功率的量的极限。放电极限值可以基于电池的物理和操作特征,并且可通过开发测试确定。如果需要的功率超出放电极限,则仅电池不能提供期望量的功率,并且需要来自另一功率源(例如,发动机)的额外的功率。如果超出放电极限,则所述方法在方框306继续。如果没有超出放电极限,则电池可提供期望的功率,而不需要补充功率。因此,在方框308,将额外的量的发动机功率(Peng_add)设置为等于零。
在304,所述方法确定需要的总电池功率是否大于充电极限值(Pbat_charge_limit)。充电极限值可以是预定的值,其指示电池能够接收的功率的量的极限或用于给电池充电的功率的量的极限。充电极限值可基于电池的物理和操作特征,并且可通过开发测试确定。如果没有超出充电极限,则电池可接收过量的功率,并且在方框308没有进行发动机功率调节(即,Peng_add被设置为等于零)。如果需要的功率超出充电极限,则电池不能接收可用的功率并且方法在方框310处继续。
在306,需要的发动机功率的额外的量(Peng_add)被设置为等于电池不能提供的功率的量。在至少一个实施例中,需要的额外的发动机功率可通过以下表达式的函数确定:
Peng_add=Pbat_req-Pbat_discharge_limit
其中,
Peng_add是需要的额外发动机功率,
Pbat_req是需要的电池功率的量,
Pbat_discharge_limit是电池可排放的功率的量。
因此,需要的额外的发动机功率被设置为等于电池在操作限制内操作的同时不能排放或提供的功率的量。
在310,将需要的额外的发动机功率的量(Peng_add)设置为等于电池不能接收的功率的量。在至少一个实施例中,需要的额外的发动机功率可以通过以下表达式的函数确定:
Peng_add=Pbat_req-Pbat_charge_limit
其中:
Peng_add是需要的额外发动机功率,
Pbat_req是需要的电池功率的量,
Pbat_charge_limit是可用于对电池充电的功率的量的极限。
再参照图1,现在将解释在方框102中的发动机速度命令(ωeng_cmd)。发动机速度命令可基于在之前讨论的方框202的目标电池功率水平(Pbat_target)、在之前讨论的方框204的总发动机功率命令(Ptotal)以及利用在查找表或利用算法的预编程值的车速来确定。例如,目标电池功率水平、总发动机功率命令和车速可用于参照在查找表中的对应的发动机速度命令值。这种查找表可填充有基于车辆研发测试和/或实际或预期的车辆操作特征的发动机速度命令值。此外,这种值可完全或部分地相对于车辆属性进行优化。
参照图5和图6,显示了表示混合动力车辆的操作的示例性示例。图5显示了在示例性“踩”事件中的操作。图6显示了在示例性“放”事件中的操作。在图5和图6中,发动机扭矩或发动机扭矩命令沿着竖直轴标示并且发动机速度或发动机速度命令沿着水平轴标示。
在图5中,显示了两个发动机功率命令路径。第一路径用“P1”指示,“P1”表示当前发动机功率命令路径。第二路径用“P2”指示,“P2”表示期望的或目标发动机功率命令路径。
一开始,发动机在当前发动机功率命令路径上的点A处操作。点A对应于当前发动机速度值(S)和当前发动机扭矩值(T)。
当“踩”事件发生时,可需要额外的功率。在这个示例中,这种额外的功率与目标发动机命令路径上的点B相关。点B对应于目标发动机速度值(S')和目标发动机扭矩值(T')。因此,为了提供需要的功率,发动机速度和发动机扭矩必须改变,以从点A运动到点B。
从点A至点B的运动可通过各种方法发生。一种方法是突然增加发动机扭矩命令,使得目标功率路径(P2)被获取,这导致从点A至点C的运动,然后,通过允许发动机速度从当前发动机速度(S)增加至目标发动机速度(S')并且调节扭矩以沿着目标发动机功率路径,从而沿着目标发动机功率路径从点C运动到点B。换句话说,移动路径是从A至C至B。从A至C至B的运动强迫发动机扭矩满足即时的驾驶员要求的发动机功率,并可提供次优化的发动机燃料效率。此外,在两个不同的功率水平之间的瞬时操作期间,发动机扭矩命令可不与发动机速度命令、车速或目标电池功率同步。这样,可存在更多的燃料效率路径,以从点A运动到点B。
在此描述的方法尝试沿着参考的、计算的或从多维查找表中查找的路径从点A运动到点B,从而可优化或提供改进的燃料效率。在图5中,这种路径被显示为发动机操作路径E。所述路径可被驾驶员功率命令、车速和发动机速度索引,并且可如上在方框202中描述的那样计算或参考。为了便于显示,图5和图6仅显示了所述三种索引中的一种,即,发动机速度。
在瞬时条件下,有效的发动机操作对燃料经济性的影响大于对使用电池功率的变化的影响。因此,本方法尝试建立并遵循在瞬时条件下基于系统的或系统优化发动机操作路径,并且只要不超过电池操作极限,就利用电池功率补充发动机不提供的功率。这样,会发生更多的瞬时电池功率变化,并且相对高的电力效率可被利用,相比于发动机扭矩变化,对整个燃料效率影响更小。因此,当可提高或优化车辆燃料效率时,发动机操作被动态地调节,以通过利用电池功率补偿功率误差或在当前发动机功率和目标发动机功率之间的差。
参照图6,显示了示例性“放”事件期间的操作。一开始,发动机沿着发动机功率命令路径(P2)在点A操作。当“放”事件发生时,需要更少的功率。在该示例中,这个减少的功率与目标发动机功率命令路径(P1)上的点B相关。因此,为了提供需要的功率,发动机速度和发动机扭矩必须改变以从点A运动到点B。一条路径是突然减小发动机扭矩,以从点A运动到点C,然后沿着目标发动机命令路径P1从点C运动到点B。由于在不同的功率水平(即,从P2至P1)之间的瞬时操作期间,发动机扭矩不与发动机速度、车速和目标电池功率同步,因此,从A至C至B的运动可提供减小的或次优化的燃料效率。这样,可存在更多的燃料效率路径,以从点A运动到点B。在此描述的方法沿着由与先前描述的相似的发动机操作路径E表示的四维表面或路径从点A运动到点B,以优化或提供改进的车辆燃料效率。
虽然已经详细描述了执行本发明的最佳模式,但是熟悉本发明相关的领域的技术人员应该认识到用于实施权利要求限定的本发明的各种替代设计和实施例。

Claims (13)

1.一种控制混合动力车辆的操作的方法,所述混合动力车辆具有发动机和二级功率源,所述方法包括:
基于对车辆加速或减速的请求、二级功率源的目标功率水平和当前发动机功率命令来确定发动机扭矩命令;
基于二级功率源的目标功率水平、总发动机功率命令和车速来确定发动机速度命令;
基于发动机扭矩命令和发动机速度命令操作发动机。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,二级功率源的目标功率水平和目标发动机扭矩命令基于对车辆加速或减速的请求、车速和当前发动机速度。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,对车辆加速的请求基于来自加速器踏板传感器和制动器踏板传感器的信号。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,总发动机功率命令基于对车辆加速或减速的请求和二级功率源的目标功率水平。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,确定发动机扭矩命令还包括当从二级功率源需要的总功率量在二级功率源的操作限制内时,将发动机扭矩命令设置为等于目标发动机扭矩命令。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,确定发动机扭矩命令还包括当从二级功率源需要的总功率量不在二级功率源的操作限制内时,调节目标发动机扭矩值。
7.一种控制混合动力车辆的操作的方法,所述混合动力车辆具有发动机和二级功率源,所述方法包括:
基于对车辆加速或减速的请求确定二级功率源的目标功率水平和目标发动机扭矩命令;
基于对车辆加速或减速的请求和二级功率源的目标功率水平确定总发动机功率命令;
基于二级功率源的目标功率水平和总发动机功率命令与当前发动机功率命令之差确定从二级功率源需要的总功率量;
确定从二级功率源需要的总功率量是否在操作限制内;
当从二级功率源需要的总功率量不在操作限制内时,通过调节目标发动机扭矩命令来确定发动机扭矩命令;
确定发动机速度命令;
执行发动机扭矩命令和发动机速度命令,以控制发动机的操作。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中,确定二级功率源的目标功率水平和目标发动机扭矩命令基于发动机速度、车速和对车辆加速或减速的请求。
9.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中,当前发动机功率命令基于发动机速度和当前发动机扭矩命令。
10.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中,确定发动机速度命令基于二级功率源的目标功率水平、总发动机功率命令和车速。
11.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中,调节目标发动机扭矩命令还包括当从二级功率源需要的总功率量是正值并且大于放电极限值时增加目标发动机扭矩命令以不超过放电极限值。
12.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中,调节目标发动机扭矩命令还包括当从二级功率源需要的总功率量不是正值并且小于充电极限值时减小目标发动机扭矩命令以不超过充电极限值。
13.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中,发动机扭矩命令和发动机速度命令沿着提高车辆燃料经济性的发动机操作路径保持发动机功率。
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