CN103890530A - 热交换器 - Google Patents

热交换器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103890530A
CN103890530A CN201280051940.2A CN201280051940A CN103890530A CN 103890530 A CN103890530 A CN 103890530A CN 201280051940 A CN201280051940 A CN 201280051940A CN 103890530 A CN103890530 A CN 103890530A
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heat exchanger
pipe
manifold
protrusion
reclines
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CN103890530B (zh
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蒂莫·格鲁伯
沃纳·赫尔姆斯
希-迪克·阮
希沙姆·鲁哈纳
彼得·沃尔夫安格
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Mahle International GmbH
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Behr GmbH and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0219—Arrangements for sealing end plates into casing or header box; Header box sub-elements
    • F28F9/0224—Header boxes formed by sealing end plates into covers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/02—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers
    • B21D53/08—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers of both metal tubes and sheet metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05358—Assemblies of conduits connected side by side or with individual headers, e.g. section type radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05383—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0219—Arrangements for sealing end plates into casing or header box; Header box sub-elements
    • F28F9/0221—Header boxes or end plates formed by stacked elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0219—Arrangements for sealing end plates into casing or header box; Header box sub-elements
    • F28F9/0224—Header boxes formed by sealing end plates into covers
    • F28F9/0226—Header boxes formed by sealing end plates into covers with resilient gaskets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/126—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element consisting of zig-zag shaped fins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2225/00—Reinforcing means
    • F28F2225/04—Reinforcing means for conduits

Abstract

本发明涉及一种热交换器，包括具有肋（9）和管（8）的组件（2），所述组件在一个特别是用于待冷却的媒介进入的第一集流箱（3）与特别是用于该媒介流出的第二集流箱（4）之间设置。其中各集流箱（3，4）通过底部（5，6）封闭，所述底部具有用于容纳所述管（8）的贯穿部（12），并且用于容纳所述集流箱（3，4）的环形的循环部（14）沿所述底部（5，6）的边缘延伸。为了实现包括具有环形凹部的集流箱的热交换器的稳定的构造，所述底部（5，6）在至少一个端面（13）上具有用于与所述端面（13）直接对置的管（8a，8b）的提高的贴靠区域（16）。

Description

热交换器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种热交换器，包括具有肋和管的组件，所述组件在一个用于待冷却的媒介进入的第一集流箱与用于该媒介流出的第二集流箱之间设置，其中各个集流箱通过底部封闭，所述底部具有用于容纳所述管的削缘孔，并且用于容纳所述集流箱的槽形的循环部沿所述底部的边缘延伸。
背景技术
通常的热交换器由入口集流箱和出口集流箱组成，其中在两个集流箱之间设有一个组件，各管位于其中，这些管将这两个集流箱彼此连接。该热交换器在内燃机的上游设置。通过由内燃机释放出的热量加热的冷却媒介流过两个集流箱以及各管。空气流穿过在各管之间形成的肋，该空气流吸收由冷却媒介释放出的热量并将所述热量从热交换器的区域导出。如此冷却过的冷却媒介再次供应给内燃机。
DE102009035089A1公开了一种这种类型的热交换器。每个集流箱在此通过底部封闭。该底部包括多个开口，其中优选具有矩形横截面的管推入到每个开口中。容纳该管的开口在端侧上具有夹紧的凸耳形式的拱形部，其用于在焊接之前带有摩擦地夹持被推入到开口中的管。
DE102006005421A1描述了一种热交换器，其中底部在其端侧上具有朝着集流箱的方向指向的凸轮。集流箱夹紧于凸轮与底部边缘之间，因此可以省去另外的固定装置，例如在底部边缘上环绕的卷边。
特别是由于在管中流动的冷却剂的内压的频繁变化，外管经常会发生故障，尤其是那些与底部的端侧对置的外管。出于结构空间的原因，通常稳定并且支持这些管的冷却肋在这些外管中是不可用的。特别是在折叠设计的的管的应用中，这些管具有较小的壁厚度，从而导致热交换器具有不稳定的轮廓。因为在与底部的端侧对置的两个管上缺少肋，由于应力集中而导致的压力变化即可导致管的折叠区域发生永久破坏，进而导致热交换器发生故障。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的在于，提供一种热交换器，其中与底部的端侧直接对置的管即使缺少肋也具有高的稳定性。
根据本发明该目的由此解决，所述底部在至少一个端侧上具有用于与所述端侧直接对置的管的提高的贴靠区域。该贴靠区域提供对管的支撑作用，由此提高热交换器应对压力变化的强度。这样的贴靠区域通过维持底部的削缘孔的横截面不变是简单可制造的。
有利地，所述贴靠区域构成为由槽形（channel-shaped）的循环部上升到容纳所述管的削缘孔，其中所述贴靠区域优选跨过位于所述槽形的循环部的后侧与所述削缘孔之间的扩展区域。如此延伸的贴靠区域避免了危险的区域并且提高了直接与所述端侧平行地走向的管的稳定性。该贴靠区域在此承担支撑功能并且阻止热交换器的弱化。
在一个设计方案中，所述贴靠区域是局部限定的。通过贴靠区域的局部限定可以有目的地在底部中的热交换器显示不稳定性能的位置上添加该贴靠区域。
在一种改进方案中，所述贴靠区域构成为所述底部的隆起部，所述隆起部朝着所述底部的背向所述集流箱的侧的方向隆起。该隆起部直至与底部的端侧平行走向的第一管，而不会减小容纳该管的削缘孔的横截面积。基于该隆起部结构空间得到了节省，并且只能通过复杂的结构性调整措施成形于用于支撑管的组件上的肋也得到省略。
在一种变形方案中，所述隆起部布置于所述底部的端侧上的大约中间位置。该中间布置不仅可在管出现最大可能的应力的位置提供支撑，而且同时可用作装配辅助。在将底部按压到管上时，管的边缘端部总是略微伸开，因为通过管的侧面部件的力量的导入通常并不在整个肋的长度上发生。在具有中间的隆起部的底部的应用中，直接与端侧之一平行延伸的管的管端部又与底部的相应的削缘孔对齐，从而减小了在热交换器受到压缩时管的损坏的概率。该中间的隆起部可简单地集成到冲压工具中并且可被用于组件的整理机中。
有利地，所述隆起部与容纳与端侧直接对置的管的削缘孔焊接在一起。由此可以确保的是，该管在热交换器的使用寿命期间始终维持在第一次存在的位置。
在另一设计方案中，所述隆起部设计为一个由所述底部冲出的冲压部。因此取消了用于形成隆起部的附加的构件。该隆起部可以与削缘孔同时在底部的制造中生产，由此简化了制造方法。
在一个变形方案中，所述贴靠区域通过容纳与所述端侧对置的管的削缘孔形成，所述削缘孔被拉至底部中的所述槽形的循环部。削缘孔的强度允许将其用作管端部的导入辅助，由此管与削缘孔平行地设置并且避免了在将底部压紧到由管和肋组成的组件上时的损坏。
在另一实施形式中，使用折叠的管。虽然该管在加工时是非常不稳定的，但是贴靠区域的隆起部或凸起部确保了该折叠的管在被压入到底部中时保持其形状不变。
另外的有利的设计方案通过以下的附图说明和从属权利要求描述。
附图说明
以下基于至少一个实施例以及附图，对本发明做进一步说明。其中：
图1示出了热交换器的示意图；
图2示出了从上方观察到的热交换器的底部的模型视图；
图3示出了从下方观察到的热交换器的底部的模型视图；
图4示出了具有隆起部的热交换器的底部的部分；以及
图5示出了热交换器的底部的截面视图。
具体实施方式
相同的特征采用相同的附图标记标示。
图1示出了一种热交换器1，特别是冷却剂冷却器，其由一个组件2组成，该组件设置在两个集流箱3，4之间，其中第一集流箱3可以用于待冷却的媒介进入到热交换器1中，而经冷却的媒介可以通过第二集流箱4从热交换器1中排出。但是，在另一变形方案中，第一集流箱也可以具有入口和出口，而第二集流箱仅仅起到折流的作用而不排出该媒介。
各集流箱3，4在此具有底部5，6，组件2连接到其上，该组件通过侧面部件7封闭。组件2由多根管8和多条肋9组成，其中管8和肋9优选相互交替地设置。集流箱3在此具有管接头10，从内燃机（未具体示出）中导出并且由后者加热的冷却剂流入到该管接头10中，该冷却剂通过组件2的管8引导到第二集流箱4。气态的媒介，优选空气，通过组件2特别是肋9引导，所述媒介吸收通过管8流动的冷却媒介的热量并且将热量从热交换器1中导出。通过这种方式冷却媒介得到冷却。该热交换器1的第二集流箱4（经冷却的冷却媒介在其中流动）包括另一管接头11，冷却媒介通过该管接头11从热交换器1中导出并且再次供应给内燃机。
管8具有类似于矩形的横截面。所述各管优选是折叠的。如由图2清晰可见，其中部分地示出了集流箱3的底部5，同样类似矩形地构成的底部5具有多个削缘孔12。该削缘孔12是一个开口，其同样矩形地构成并且各个管8的端部推入到其中。在组件2的第一管8a和末尾的管8b（它们分别直接与底部5的端侧13平行地走向）中产生的问题在于，肋9没有到达底部5上。由此与底部的端侧13平行走向的管8a，8b是不稳定的，从而导致管破裂。
底部5具有一个槽形的循环部14，该集流箱3在插入有密封件的情况下插入到其中。该循环部14在图2中示出为朝向外部的空心部件。该循环部14通过一个扩展区域15与管8a或8b分离。从该槽形的循环部14开始，隆起部16延伸直至削缘孔12a，该削缘孔容纳直接与端侧13对置的第一管8a。该隆起部16首先具有的效果在于，将在第一削缘孔12a中延伸的管8a稳定在其位置上。此外，该隆起部16用于在管8与底部5夹紧时将折叠的管8a（其在组件2的压力下容易伸开）引导到削缘孔12a中，由此管8a的端部又与削缘孔12a平行并且简单的加工是可能的。
图3示出了底部5的仰视图，其中清楚的是，削缘孔12具有类似套环的实施方案，由此削缘孔可以更好地环绕管8。由该视图，特别是剖面视图B-B，可清楚地观察到，隆起部16由底部5形成。底部5连同削缘孔12一起在一个冲压工艺中由金属薄片制成。
根据图4，其中又一次详细示出了底部5的一部分，清楚的是，在底部5的与集流箱3对置的侧上隆起的隆起部16延伸直至第一管8a的第一削缘孔12a。特别是由图4b清楚地观察到的是，隆起部16在比削缘孔12a形成的更高平面上延伸。在此有利的是，隆起部16并没有减小削缘孔12a的横截面，而是将其保持恒定，因此常规尺寸的管均可被插入此处。借助于该隆起部16在装配时将管8a的端部引导到削缘孔12a中。由此管8a的管端部又与削缘孔12a对齐，由此降低了损坏概率。
结合集流箱3和底部5做出的实施方案类似地也适用于集流箱4及其底部6。
隆起部16可简单地集成到冲压工具中。具有和不具有隆起部的底部5，6的实施方案的交替使用是可能的，而不需要一个组件配备一个整理机。组件的整理机表示一种工具，其中热交换器1作为一个整体被制造出来。因此对于该组件的生产，制造顺序并未改变。
图5示出了根据本发明的底部5的端部区域，其中槽形的凹槽以环绕的形式形成为循环部14，其中集流箱（图未示出）以其集流箱底部在放入密封件（图未示出）的情况下可以被插入。该循环部14形成为朝向外部的U形空心部件，其中在窄侧的中间位置，一个反向弯曲的区域20直接与该U形空心部件14连接并且可用作例如侧面部件的容纳部。该循环部14通过扩展区域15与管开口或削缘孔12a分离。自该槽形的循环部14开始，隆起部16延伸直至削缘孔12a，该削缘孔容纳直接与端侧13对置的第一管8a。

Claims (9)

1.一种热交换器，包括具有肋（9）和管（8）的组件（2），所述组件在一个特别是用于待冷却的媒介进入的第一集流箱（3）与特别是用于该媒介流出的第二集流箱（4）之间设置，其中每个集流箱（3，4）通过底部（5，6）封闭，所述底部具有用于容纳所述管（8）的削缘孔（12），并且用于容纳所述集流箱（3，4）的槽形的循环部（14）沿着所述底部（5，6）的边缘延伸，其特征在于，所述底部（5，6）在至少一个端侧（13）上具有用于与所述端侧（13）直接对置的管（8a，8b）的抬高的贴靠区域（16）。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热交换器，其特征在于，所述贴靠区域（16）设计为由所述槽形的循环部（14）上升到容纳所述管（8a）的削缘孔（12a），其中所述贴靠区域（16）优选跨过位于所述槽形的循环部（14）的后侧与所述削缘孔（12a）之间的扩展区域（15）。
3.根据权利要求2所述的热交换器，其特征在于，所述贴靠区域（16）是局部限定的。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的热交换器，其特征在于，所述贴靠区域设计为所述底部（5，6）的隆起部（16），所述隆起部朝着所述底部（5，6）的背向所述集流箱（3，4）的侧的方向隆起。
5.根据权利要求4所述的热交换器，其特征在于，所述隆起部（16）布置在所述底部（5，6）的端侧（13）的大约中间位置。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的热交换器，其特征在于，所述隆起部（16）与的削缘孔（12a）焊接在一起，所述削缘孔容纳与所述端侧（13）直接对置的管（8a）。
7.根据上述权利要求中的至少一项所述的热交换器，其特征在于，所述隆起部（16）设计为一个由所述底部（5，6）冲出的冲压部。
8.根据权利要求2所述的热交换器，其特征在于，所述贴靠区域（16）通过所述削缘孔（12a）形成，所述削缘孔容纳与所述端侧（13）对置的管（8a）并且被拉至所述底部（5，6）中的所述槽形的循环部（14）。
9.根据上述权利要求中的至少一项所述的热交换器，其特征在于，所述管（8a）是折叠的。
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