CN1038694C - 生产铁熔体的方法 - Google Patents
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
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- C21B13/14—Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
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- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/02—Working-up flue dust
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S75/00—Specialized metallurgical processes, compositions for use therein, consolidated metal powder compositions, and loose metal particulate mixtures
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Abstract
在生产铁熔体的方法中,铁矿石(4)在直接还原区(2)中被还原成海绵铁,其中该海绵铁在熔融气化区(15)中熔化。
为将产自矿石(4)的直接还原的沉积灰大量返供至直接还原过程中,而又不以任何方式影响直接还原工艺过程,
·在进一步处理之前,将清洗过程中分离出的沉积灰脱水至某一残余水分含量,
·此后,将煤粉及用作粘合剂的生石灰混入沉积灰中,
·接着将此沉积灰造粒,及
·将如此形成的团粒供入熔化气化区(15),同时将渣(7)的碱度提高到1.25,更好是1.20的最大值。
Description
本发明涉及一种生产铁熔体的方法,在其中铁矿石于直接还原区被还原成海绵铁,然后,该海绵铁在熔融气化区中被熔化,与此同时,提供含碳物料,使含碳物料气化成还原气体并形成炉渣,将此还原气体喷入直接还原区并于此处反应,然后作为炉顶煤气排出,该还原气体和/或炉顶煤气经气体洗涤,而在洗涤过程中分离出的沉积灰、与粘结剂和煤粉混合,接着烧结成块。
这类方法可从AT—B—376,241中了解到。该文中,在分离了固体之后,将此还原气体以及得自直接还原区的炉顶煤气在旋风除尘器中除尘,将分离出的沉积灰与由氧化铁组成的粘结剂、硬沥青、沥青煤或含沥青的褐煤混合,再热压成块,并提供给熔融气化区,此氧化铁粉系来自高炉煤气净化设备。
由固体分离而带来的固体—主要是粉煤—被几乎全部地再循环至该熔融气化区的下部,少量煤粉与掺有粘结剂的沉积灰混合,然后与之一起被压成块。
这样作的缺点在于:由于引入的氧化铁量的增加,则必须在熔融气化器中进行还原,以便还原氧化铁,熔炼工序所需的能量就这样从熔融气化器中被带去,从而干扰了在熔融气体区中进行的工艺过程。此外就资金和运行成本而言,热压块是昂贵的。
从DE—A—4123626得知,通过采用粘结剂,造渣剂及还原剂将冶金残留物烧结成块,然后将此烧结块引入熔化料的上炉料区,在这个熔化料的炉料区中进行烧结块的预热和干燥。该炉料按逆流的原则流过熔化料,首先达到此熔化料中的还原区,然后在此熔化料的下部区域中熔化。这种已知的工艺需要大量的能量,因为废料和/或残余物必须在该熔化料中干燥和烧结,这样就不利地影响着在熔化料中进行的过程。
还有,在此情况下必须在熔融气化器中进行还原,因为加入了氧化铁(如氧化铁皮),这是另需可观的能量的。此外,要求使用,比如,亚硫酸盐溶液作粘结剂,然而,这将导致硫被不希望地引入该过程中。
本发明旨在避免这些缺点,而且作为其目的,本发明必须将产自铁矿石直接还原的沉积灰以尽可能大的量,即沉积灰总量的90%左右的量返供于直接还原过程,而不以任何形式影响直接还原的工艺过程。特别是不必改变原材料及熔剂的用量。
按照本发明,通过下列措施的组合完成此目的:
·在进一步处理之前将洗涤过程中分离出的沉积灰脱水至某一残留水份含量,
·此后将煤粉及作为粘结剂的生石灰混入沉积灰中,
·接着将此沉积灰造粒,及
·将这样形成的团块供至熔融气化区,同时将渣碱度提高到1.25的最大值,优选是1.20的最大值。
最好是在进一步处理之前将此沉积灰脱水至残余水份含量为25-50%,优选是35—40%。借此,可将具有这样的残余水份含量的沉积灰直接加入混合造粒机中。残余水份的这种优选范围可使生石灰的消耗量达到有利的程度。不进行这种脱水要达到足够的团粒强度则需要消耗大量的生石灰。
适宜的是,将煤粉加至此经脱水的沉积灰中,其用量范围最多是脱水沉积灰量的30%,优选是不超过25%。上述用量的粉煤对团粒强度有有益的影响。使用得自煤干燥设备的除尘装置中的煤粉出于对环境保护,避免煤的运输和堆放费用的考虑是有益的,煤粉的使用是被包含在生产铁熔体或生铁和/或钢的预产品中的。此外,将煤粉加至脱水沉积灰中有这样的优点:接着在混合造粒机中形成的团粒含有数量可观的碳,在将此团粒加至熔融气化区中后,此煤粉作为能量的载体对于能量的供应作出了积极的贡献。
根据一优选的变化方式,在被供入熔融气化区中之前,通过将此团粒暴露于含CO2的烟气中而使之带有一碳酸盐层。这种碳酸盐层提高运输强度及在熔融气化区中的崩解强度。
适宜的是,团粒的碳酸盐层的形成是在煤的干燥装置中实现的。
下面,通过附图中图解说明的举例性实施方案更详细地解释本发明,附图展示了进行本发明方法的装置。
含氧化铁的块状加入物4,如矿石,如果需要和未烧过的熔剂5一起经输送管3从顶部加至按竖炉1设计的直接还原装置中,竖炉1即其直接还原区,该竖炉1与熔融气化器6相通,在其中,由碳载体和含氧气体产生还原气体,该气体经输送管7供入竖炉1,气体净化及气体冷却装置8设计成装在输送管7中的清洗器。
熔融气体器6包含一输送固体块状碳载体的供料管9,如果需要还包含供含氧气体的供料管10、11及输送在室温下为液态或气态的碳载体的供料管12、13。在熔融气化器6中,熔化的生铁16及熔渣17集于熔融气化区15之下,然后经排出口18排出。
在竖炉1的直接还原区中被还原成海绵铁的块状炉料经一条或多条管线20,借助,比如螺旋送料器送至熔融气化器6中。排放在直接还原区中形成的炉顶煤气的排放管21与竖炉1的上部相连。这种顶部煤气输入气体净化装置23,它是按气体洗涤器类似地设计的,接着经气体出口管24排出用于其它的任意的用途。
按照本发明,产自气化和熔炼过程及还原过程的废料被再循环至生产铁的过程中:
产自气体洗涤器8和23的污水经污水管25和26供入浓缩机27,此后再供入脱水装置28,优选的是倾析离心分离机28,在其中沉积灰被脱水至25—50%,更好是35—40%的残余水份含量。90%,最好是多达95%的脱水沉积灰被供入造粒装置29,优选的是混合造粒装置29。部分脱水沉积灰,即5-10%被排出(Steucedout)然后堆放起来。通过这种方式,可以避免不希望的沉积灰的成分的堆积,例如重金属化合物。
供应生石灰30的管道31以及从煤的干燥设备32伸出的供应过筛的煤粉的管道33进入造粒装置29。在造粒装置29中形成的团粒用输送装置34供入干燥煤的设备32,然后与在干燥煤的设备32中干燥过的煤35一起经供料管9被供入熔融气化器6。
按照一举例性的实施方案,来自气体净化装置23及气体冷却装置8并含有100—200克/升固体的污水用倾析离心分离机28脱水,所述的固体含有约30%的碳、约30%的铁的氧化物,其余是灰粉,它除少量其它金属氧化物外主要是铝和硅的氧化物以及钙和镁的氢氧化物,约850公斤含残余水份38%的所得沉积灰被直接加入混合造粒机29中。此外,约200公斤煤和约200公斤生石灰被加入此混合造粒机29中。
经混合和造粒后,1250公斤水份含量约为20%的团粒自混合造粒机29中排出,然后被供入煤干燥装置32。在此,在含CO2的烟气的作用下进行将团粒干燥至残余水份含量最多为5%的干燥过程。借此,该团粒还形成了含碳酸盐的表面层。
在熔融气化炉6中,通常将由下式: 表示的渣碱度B4调到1.15的数值。借此,确保渣有足够的粘度和脱硫能力。随着渣碱度的提高,渣吸收硫的趋势以及粘性也提高。在出渣时,不希望渣粘度过高。
当将此沉积灰以团粒的形式,以加煤量的约10%的量再循环至熔融气化器中时,根据本发明渣碱度B4提高到1.20的最大值。
最多到此数值,原料和熔剂的量无需改变;对该工艺过程也无影响。这意味着可将最多为加煤量的10%的团粒加入熔融气化器而无需改变此工艺以及原料和熔剂的用量。
以这种方式,产生的沉积灰总量的90—95%—取决于该沉积灰的重金属含量—可返回至此工艺过程中。
Claims (8)
1.生产铁熔体的方法,其中铁矿石(4)在直接还原区(2)中被还原成海绵铁,该海绵铁在熔融气化区(15)中被熔化,与此同时提供含碳物料,使含碳物料气化成还原气体并形成炉渣(17),将此还原气体喷入直接还原区(2)并于此反应,然后作为炉顶煤气放出,该还原气体和/或炉顶煤气经气体洗涤,而在洗涤时分离出的沉积灰与粘结剂(30)及煤粉混合接着烧成团块,其特征在于下列措施的组合:
·在进一步处理之前将分离出的沉积灰脱水至某一残留水分含量,
·此后,煤粉及作为粘结剂的生石灰(30)被混入该沉积灰,
·接着将此沉积灰造粒,及
·将如此形成的团粒供入熔融气化区(15),同时将渣(17)的碱度提高到1.25的最大值。
2.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于将渣(17)的碱度提高到1.20的最大值。
3.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于该沉积灰在进一步处理前被脱水至25-50%的残余水分含量。
4.权利要求3的方法,其特征在于该沉积灰在进一步处理前被脱水至35-40%的残余水分含量。
5.权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于将煤粉以最多为脱水沉积灰的30%的用量范围加入此脱水沉积灰中。
6.权利要求5的方法,其特征在于将煤粉以最多为脱水沉积灰的25%的用量范围加入此脱水沉积灰中。
7.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,通过将该团块在供入熔融气化区(15)之前暴露于含CO2的烟气中而使之带有一碳酸盐层。
8.权利要求7的方法,其特征在于在团块上形成碳酸盐层是在干燥煤的设备中实现的。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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AT0073994A AT400725B (de) | 1994-04-11 | 1994-04-11 | Verfahren zum herstellen einer eisenschmelze |
AT739A/94 | 1994-04-11 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1117083A CN1117083A (zh) | 1996-02-21 |
CN1038694C true CN1038694C (zh) | 1998-06-10 |
Family
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CN95104377A Expired - Fee Related CN1038694C (zh) | 1994-04-11 | 1995-04-10 | 生产铁熔体的方法 |
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US (1) | US5514203A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0676478A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2863458B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR0169783B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1038694C (zh) |
AT (1) | AT400725B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU685589B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9501519A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2146732C (zh) |
CZ (1) | CZ282462B6 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2100446C1 (zh) |
SK (1) | SK281524B6 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW306933B (zh) |
UA (1) | UA27012C2 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA952941B (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103261447A (zh) * | 2010-12-15 | 2013-08-21 | 米德雷克斯技术公司 | 使用褐色煤制备直接还原铁和/或熔融金属的方法和系统 |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US6287363B1 (en) | 1995-01-24 | 2001-09-11 | Deutsche Voest-Alpine Industrienalagenbau Gmbh | Method of utilizing dusts produced during the reduction of iron ore |
AT405294B (de) * | 1995-04-24 | 1999-06-25 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | Verfahren zum verwerten von eisenhältigen hüttenreststoffen sowie anlage zur durchführung des verfahrens |
AT402801B (de) * | 1996-01-02 | 1997-09-25 | Bwt Ag | Verfahren und anlage zur bindung von harz- und teersubstanzen in nasswäscher- und nasselektrofilteranlagen |
AT405524B (de) | 1996-03-05 | 1999-09-27 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | Verfahren zur herstellung von flüssigem roheisen oder flüssigen stahlvorprodukten und metallschwamm |
AT404256B (de) * | 1996-11-06 | 1998-10-27 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | Verfahren zum herstellen von eisenschwamm |
AT404598B (de) | 1997-04-16 | 1998-12-28 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | Verfahren und anlage zur herstellung von fluessigem roheisen oder fluessigen stahlvorprodukten |
AT406272B (de) | 1997-11-10 | 2000-03-27 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | Verfahren zur herstellung von direkt reduziertem eisen, flüssigem roheisen und stahl sowie anlage zur durchführung des verfahrens |
JP3939492B2 (ja) * | 2000-11-08 | 2007-07-04 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 石炭ガス化直接還元製鉄法 |
KR100732461B1 (ko) * | 2005-12-26 | 2007-06-27 | 주식회사 포스코 | 분철광석의 장입 및 배출을 개선한 용철제조방법 및 이를이용한 용철제조장치 |
AT506640B1 (de) | 2008-03-17 | 2010-07-15 | Siemens Vai Metals Tech Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von flüssigem roheisen oder flüssigen stahlvorprodukten |
Citations (1)
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DE4123626A1 (de) * | 1991-07-17 | 1993-01-21 | Intercept Ag | Verfahren zur metallurgischen aufarbeitung von huettenreststoffen |
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BE755446A (fr) * | 1969-09-10 | 1971-02-01 | Italsider Spa | Procede et dispositif pour la transformation des schlamms provenant desinstallations de depuration |
AT376241B (de) * | 1983-01-03 | 1984-10-25 | Voest Alpine Ag | Verfahren zum schmelzen von zumindest teilweise reduziertem eisenerz |
SU1479006A3 (ru) * | 1984-11-26 | 1989-05-07 | Фоест-Альпине (Фирма) | Способ получени жидкого чугуна или продуктов стали и восстановительного газа в плавильном газификаторе |
EP0515498B1 (en) * | 1990-02-13 | 1995-08-23 | Illawarra Technology Corporation Ltd. | Cotreatment of sewage and steelworks wastes |
JPH05271735A (ja) * | 1992-03-30 | 1993-10-19 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | コークス充填層型堅形炉の炉頂排ガス中のダストの有効利用方法 |
JPH05311253A (ja) * | 1992-05-14 | 1993-11-22 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 製鋼ダストからの溶融還元吹込原料の調製方法及びその装置 |
AT403055B (de) * | 1993-05-07 | 1997-11-25 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | Verfahren zur verwertung von eisenhältigen abfall- oder reststoffen |
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1994
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1995
- 1995-04-05 JP JP8060995A patent/JP2863458B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-10 US US08/419,146 patent/US5514203A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-04-10 CZ CZ95905A patent/CZ282462B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-04-10 EP EP95890081A patent/EP0676478A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1995-04-10 ZA ZA952941A patent/ZA952941B/xx unknown
- 1995-04-10 CN CN95104377A patent/CN1038694C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-04-10 BR BR9501519A patent/BR9501519A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-04-10 SK SK474-95A patent/SK281524B6/sk unknown
- 1995-04-10 CA CA 2146732 patent/CA2146732C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-04-10 KR KR1019950008233A patent/KR0169783B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-04-10 TW TW84103440A patent/TW306933B/zh active
- 1995-04-10 AU AU16349/95A patent/AU685589B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-04-10 RU RU95105439A patent/RU2100446C1/ru active
- 1995-04-11 UA UA95048322A patent/UA27012C2/uk unknown
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE4123626A1 (de) * | 1991-07-17 | 1993-01-21 | Intercept Ag | Verfahren zur metallurgischen aufarbeitung von huettenreststoffen |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103261447A (zh) * | 2010-12-15 | 2013-08-21 | 米德雷克斯技术公司 | 使用褐色煤制备直接还原铁和/或熔融金属的方法和系统 |
CN103261447B (zh) * | 2010-12-15 | 2016-02-03 | 米德雷克斯技术公司 | 使用褐色煤制备直接还原铁和/或熔融金属的方法和系统 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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SK281524B6 (sk) | 2001-04-09 |
CZ90595A3 (en) | 1995-10-18 |
US5514203A (en) | 1996-05-07 |
CA2146732A1 (en) | 1995-10-12 |
ATA73994A (de) | 1995-07-15 |
ZA952941B (en) | 1995-12-20 |
SK47495A3 (en) | 1996-02-07 |
UA27012C2 (uk) | 2000-02-28 |
KR950032649A (ko) | 1995-12-22 |
KR0169783B1 (ko) | 1999-01-15 |
BR9501519A (pt) | 1995-11-14 |
RU95105439A (ru) | 1996-12-20 |
AU685589B2 (en) | 1998-01-22 |
JP2863458B2 (ja) | 1999-03-03 |
AU1634995A (en) | 1995-10-26 |
CN1117083A (zh) | 1996-02-21 |
EP0676478A1 (de) | 1995-10-11 |
AT400725B (de) | 1996-03-25 |
JPH0840756A (ja) | 1996-02-13 |
RU2100446C1 (ru) | 1997-12-27 |
CZ282462B6 (cs) | 1997-07-16 |
TW306933B (zh) | 1997-06-01 |
CA2146732C (en) | 2001-01-23 |
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