CN103865165A - 一种低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN103865165A
CN103865165A CN201410106350.6A CN201410106350A CN103865165A CN 103865165 A CN103865165 A CN 103865165A CN 201410106350 A CN201410106350 A CN 201410106350A CN 103865165 A CN103865165 A CN 103865165A
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fire retardant
peroxide
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邵海彬
顾轩臣
谢红国
孙建宇
程娴
王世通
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Jiangsu Zhongli Group Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料及其制备方法,属于电线电缆改性材料技术领域。其是将按重量份数称取乙烯—α-烯烃共聚物30~80份、聚乙烯20~60份、阻燃剂A100~200份、阻燃剂B0~20份、引发剂0.01~0.2份、偶联剂0.5~2.5、润滑剂1~5份和抗氧剂0.1~1份投入密炼机中进行混炼,混炼至料温为130℃~150℃时出料并送入锥形喂料斗,经双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出,控制双螺杆挤出机的一区至九区温度以及机头温度,经冷切,得到成品。加工性能良好;具有拔萃的抗开裂性能和耐低温性能;改善树脂与阻燃剂之间的相容性;工艺过程简短、无苛刻的工艺要素,体现节能,满足工业化放大生产要求。

Description

一种低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于电线电缆改性材料技术领域,具体涉及一种低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料,并且还涉及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着业界十年多来的研究、应用和不断的改进,低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料及其制备和应用技术都趋于成熟,从而使低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料的应用领域不断扩大,市场用量也随增加。目前,国内外生产和使用的低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料普遍以乙烯—醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)为主要基体材料、以聚乙烯(PE)及乙烯—α-烯烃为辅助基体材料、以氢氧化铝或氢氧化镁为主要阻燃剂、再辅以润滑剂、抗氧剂等经挤出造粒而成。
关于低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料的技术信息可在公开的中国专利文献中见诸,典型的如授权公告号CN1257513C推荐的“一种低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料及其制备方法”、CN101597395B提供的“一种低烟无卤阻燃电缆料及其制备方法”、CN102250409B介绍的“一种协效阻燃的低烟无卤聚烯烃电缆料及其制备方法”和公布号CN103030917A披露的“一种抗开裂热塑性低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料”等等。
并非限于例举的前述低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料既有交联型的,也有热塑性的,但均是以EVA作为主要基体材料,同时,均使用相容剂或主要使用相容剂解决树脂和阻燃剂的相容性问题。另外,前述CN102250409B虽然使用相容剂和偶联剂结合的方法解决树脂和阻燃剂的相容性问题,但配方体系趋于复杂,而且还增加了填料表面处理的工序,增加了能耗,降低了生产效率,使生产成本提高;前述CN101597395B不但使用了相容剂,而且相容剂需要自制,并用到一些有机溶剂和辐照工艺,不但工艺复杂,而且对环境有不良影响;前述CN103030917A由于在工艺上需要首先制备接枝基体,然后再进行共混造粒,因而工艺复杂。
上述专利和专利申请方案所涉电缆料虽然能够满足当前市场的基本需求,但当对材料的某些性能提出较高的要求时,特别是当对多项性能(如耐寒、耐油且90℃时仍具有拔萃的绝缘性能)同时具有较高要求时,这种电缆料就很难满足。以EVA树脂为主要基体,材料的高温绝缘,特别是潮湿环境下(如90℃水中)的高温绝缘性不高,比如,同时满足前述的耐寒、耐油且90℃时仍具有较高绝缘电阻的电缆料,上述专利中的电缆料就难以甚至无法满足。除此以外,鉴于树脂和阻燃剂相容性差的问题,目前普遍采用添加相容剂的方法解决,技术路线较为单一。因此,探索得以体现理想的抗开裂性能和耐低温性能并且同时体现树脂与阻燃剂之间具有良好的相容性的低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料具有积极意义。
针对上述已有技术,本申请人作了积极而有益的反复尝试,终于形成了下面将要介绍的技术方案。
发明内容
本发明的首要任务在于提供一种有助于体现良好的加工性能、有利于显著提高抗开裂及耐低温性能和有益于显著改善树脂与阻燃剂之间的相容性的低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料。
本发明的另一任务在于提供一种低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料的制备方法,该方法工艺路线简单、工艺要素不苛刻、制备过程中能源消耗小,并且能保障低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料的所述技术效果的全面体现。
本发明的首要任务是这样来完成的,一种低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料,包括以下组份:
Figure BDA0000479998020000021
在本发明的一个具体的实施例中,所述的乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物为乙烯-α-丙烯共聚物、乙烯-α-丁烯共聚物、乙烯-α-己烯共聚物、乙烯-α-辛烯共聚物的一种或以上的并且按任意重量比相混合的混合物;所述的聚乙烯为熔体流动速率为1.0~10.0g/min的单一的线性低密度聚乙烯,或者熔体流动速率为1.0~10.0g/min范围的由不同熔体流动速率的两种或以上的线性低密度聚乙烯按任意重量比相混合的混合物。
在本发明的另一个具体的实施例中,所述的阻燃剂A为氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝、碱式碳酸镁中的一种或以上的组合;所述的阻燃剂B为三聚氰胺、硼酸锌、聚磷酸铵、聚磷酸三聚氰胺中的一种或以上的组合;所述的抗氧剂为1010、1076、168、626、300、DSTDP中的一种或以上的组合。
在本发明的又一个具体的实施例中,所述的引发剂为过氧化物类引发剂。
在本发明的再一个具体的实施例中,所述的过氧化物类引发剂为二叔丁基过氧化物、双(3,5,5-三甲基己酰)过氧化物、过氧化二月桂酰、过氧化二苯甲酰、过氧化新癸酸异丙苯酯、过氧化新癸酸叔丁酯、过氧化特戊酸特戊酯、过氧化特戊酸叔丁酯、过氧化-2-乙基己酸特戊酯、过氧化-2-乙基己酸叔丁酯、叔丁基过氧化异丁酸酯、叔丁基过氧化-3,5,5-三甲基己酸酯、过氧化乙酸叔丁酯、过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯、1,1-二叔丁基过氧化-3,3,5三甲基环己烷、1,1-二叔丁基过氧化环己烷、2,2-二(叔丁基过氧化)丁烷、双(4-叔丁基环己基)过氧化二碳酸酯、双(2-乙基己基)过氧化二碳酸酯、过氧化二碳酸二十六酯、过氧化二碳酸二十四酯、二特戊基过氧化物、过氧化二异丙苯、双(叔丁基过氧化异丙基)苯、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二叔丁基过氧化己烷、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二叔丁基过氧化己炔-3、二异丙苯过氧化氢、异丙苯过氧化氢、特戊基过氧化氢、叔丁基过氧化氢、叔丁基过氧化异丙苯、二异丙苯过氧化氢、萜烷过氧化氢、过氧化碳酸-2-乙基己酸叔丁酯、叔丁基过氧化碳酸-2-乙基己酯、双(2,4-二氯苯甲酰)过氧化物、4,4-二(叔丁基过氧化)戊酸正丁酯、过氧化甲乙酮、过氧化环己烷中的一种或以上的混合物。
在本发明的还有一个具体的实施例中,所述的偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂或钛酸酯偶联剂。
在本发明的更而一个具体的实施例中,所述的硅烷偶联剂为正硅酸乙酯、γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、正硅酸甲酯、3-甲基丙烯基酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、三甲氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷或苯胺甲基三甲氧基硅烷;所述的钛酸酯偶联剂为氧乙酸酯双(二辛基磷酸酯)钛酸酯、异丙氧基三(磷酸二辛酯)钛酸酯、异丙基二油酸酰氧基(二辛基磷酸酰氧基)钛酸酯或正钛酸四丁酯。
在本发明的进而一个具体的实施例中,所述的润滑剂为硬脂酸及其酯类衍生物、金属皂类、饱和烃类或硅系润滑剂,所述的硬脂酸及其酯类衍生物为硬脂酸、硬脂酸正丁酯或硬脂酸辛酯;所述的金属皂类润滑剂为硬脂酸钙或硬脂酸锌;所述的饱和烃类润滑剂为液体石蜡、固体石蜡、微晶石蜡或聚乙烯蜡;所述的硅系润滑剂为高粘度硅油或硅酮母料。
本发明的另一任务是这样来完成的,一种低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料的制备方法,其是将按重量份数称取乙烯—α-烯烃共聚物30~80份、聚乙烯20~60份、阻燃剂A100~200份、阻燃剂B0~20份、引发剂0.01~0.2份、偶联剂0.5~2.5、润滑剂1~5份和抗氧剂0.1~1份投入密炼机中进行混炼,混炼至料温为130℃~150℃时出料并送入锥形喂料斗,经双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出,控制双螺杆挤出机的一区至九区温度以及控制双螺杆挤出机的机头温度,经冷切,得到低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料。
在本发明的又进而一个具体的实施例中,所述的控制以螺杆挤出机的一区至九区的温度是将一区至九区的温度分别控制为:一区90~100℃,二区100~110℃,三区110~120℃,四区120~130℃,五区130~140℃,六区130~140℃,七区120~130℃,八区110~120℃,九区100~110℃;所述的控制双螺杆挤出机的机头温度是将机头温度控制为100~110℃。
本发明提供的技术方案具有以下技术效果:其一,由于具有优异的熔体流动速率,因而能体现良好的可加工性能;其二,由于在70℃×1h环境下无开裂并且90℃热变形系数小以及能应对100℃×168h的抗老化测试,因而具有拔萃的抗开裂性能和耐低温性能;其三,由于采用了引发剂,因而能显著改善树脂与阻燃剂之间的相容性;之四,由于提供的制备方法工艺过程简短、无苛刻的工艺要素,因而不仅可以体现节能,而且可以满足工业化放大生产要求。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
将按重量份数称取的乙烯-α丙烯共聚物30份、熔体流动速率为10g/min的线性低密度聚乙烯60份、氢氧化镁100份、氢氧化铝10份、三聚氰胺10份、聚磷酸三聚氰胺10份、二叔丁基过氧化物(即过氧化二叔丁基〈英文为:Di-t-butyl perxide〉)0.05份、γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷0.5份、硬脂酸正丁酯2份和抗氧剂10100.6份投入密炼机中进行混炼即进行密炼,当密炼至料温为130℃时出料送入锥形喂料斗,由锥形喂料斗引入双螺杆挤出机中熔融挤出,经冷却,得到低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料,其中,双螺杆挤出机的机头温度控制为100℃,双螺杆挤出机的一区至九区的温度分别控制为:一区95℃,二区100℃,三区115℃,四区120℃,五区130℃,六区135℃,七区120℃,八区115℃,九区105℃。
实施例2:
实施例1:
将按重量份数称取的乙烯-α-丁烯共聚物30份、乙烯-α己烯共聚物30份、乙烯-α辛烯共聚物20份、熔体流动速率为1g/min的线性低密度聚乙烯1份与熔体流动速率为8g/min的线性低密度聚乙烯各10份的混合物、阻燃剂A即碱式碳酸镁(或者氢氧化镁)150份、阻燃剂B即硼酸锌10份、引发剂即双(3,5,5-三甲基己酰)过氧化物[也称过氧化(双)3,5,5-三甲基己酰]0.05份、过氧化二苯甲酰0.05份、偶联剂即异丙氧基三(磷酸二辛酯)钛酸酯1.5份、润滑剂即液体石蜡3份和抗氧剂168以及抗氧剂300各0.5份投入密炼机中进行混炼即进行密炼,当密炼至料温为150℃时出料送入锥形喂料斗,由锥形喂料斗引入双螺杆挤出机中熔融挤出,经冷却,得到低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料,其中,双螺杆挤出机的机头温度控制为110℃,双螺杆挤出机的一区至九区的温度分别控制为:一区100℃,二区110℃,三区120℃,四区130℃,五区140℃,六区140℃,七区130℃,八区110℃,九区110℃。
实施例3:
将按重量份数称取的乙烯-α-丁烯共聚物80份、熔体流动速率为6g/min的线性低密度聚乙烯20份、阻燃剂A即碱氢氧化铝200份、引发剂即过氧化新癸酸异丙苯酯0.2份、偶联剂即3-甲基丙烯基酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷2.5份、润滑剂即硅酮母料5份和抗氧剂DSTDP(也可使用抗氧剂1010)0.1份投入密炼机中进行混炼即进行密炼,当密炼至料温为140℃时出料送入锥形喂料斗,由锥形喂料斗引入双螺杆挤出机中熔融挤出,经冷却,得到低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料,其中,双螺杆挤出机的机头温度控制为105℃,双螺杆挤出机的一区至九区的温度分别控制为:一区90℃,二区105℃,三区120℃,四区125℃,五区135℃,六区130℃,七区125℃,八区120℃,九区105℃。
由上述实施例1至3得到的低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料经测试具有下表所示的技术指标:
Figure BDA0000479998020000061

Claims (10)

1.一种低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料,其特征在于包括以下组份:
乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物         30~80份;
聚乙烯                  20~60份
阻燃剂A                   100~200份;
阻燃剂B                   0~20份;
引发剂                  0.01~0.2份;
偶联剂                  0.5~2.5份;
润滑剂                    1~5份;
抗氧剂                   0.1~1份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料,其特征在于所述的乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物为乙烯-α-丙烯共聚物、乙烯-α-丁烯共聚物、乙烯-α-己烯共聚物、乙烯-α-辛烯共聚物的一种或以上的并且按任意重量比相混合的混合物;所述的聚乙烯为熔体流动速率为1.0~10.0g/min的单一的线性低密度聚乙烯,或者熔体流动速率为1.0~10.0g/min范围的由不同熔体流动速率的两种或以上的线性低密度聚乙烯按任意重量比相混合的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料,其特征在于所述的阻燃剂A为氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝、碱式碳酸镁中的一种或以上的组合;所述的阻燃剂B为三聚氰胺、硼酸锌、聚磷酸铵、聚磷酸三聚氰胺中的一种或以上的组合;所述的抗氧剂为1010、1076、168、626、300、DSTDP中的一种或以上的组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料,其特征在于所述的引发剂为过氧化物类引发剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料,其特征在于所述的过氧化物类引发剂为二叔丁基过氧化物、双(3,5,5-三甲基己酰)过氧化物、过氧化二月桂酰、过氧化二苯甲酰、过氧化新癸酸异丙苯酯、过氧化新癸酸叔丁酯、过氧化特戊酸特戊酯、过氧化特戊酸叔丁酯、过氧化-2-乙基己酸特戊酯、过氧化-2-乙基己酸叔丁酯、叔丁基过氧化异丁酸酯、叔丁基过氧化-3,5,5-三甲基己酸酯、过氧化乙酸叔丁酯、过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯、1,1-二叔丁基过氧化-3,3,5三甲基环己烷、1,1-二叔丁基过氧化环己烷、2,2-二(叔丁基过氧化)丁烷、双(4-叔丁基环己基)过氧化二碳酸酯、双(2-乙基己基)过氧化二碳酸酯、过氧化二碳酸二十六酯、过氧化二碳酸二十四酯、二特戊基过氧化物、过氧化二异丙苯、双(叔丁基过氧化异丙基)苯、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二叔丁基过氧化己烷、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二叔丁基过氧化己炔-3、二异丙苯过氧化氢、异丙苯过氧化氢、特戊基过氧化氢、叔丁基过氧化氢、叔丁基过氧化异丙苯、二异丙苯过氧化氢、萜烷过氧化氢、过氧化碳酸-2-乙基己酸叔丁酯、叔丁基过氧化碳酸-2-乙基己酯、双(2,4-二氯苯甲酰)过氧化物、4,4-二(叔丁基过氧化)戊酸正丁酯、过氧化甲乙酮、过氧化环己烷中的一种或以上的混合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料,其特征在于所述的偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂或钛酸酯偶联剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料,其特征在于所述的硅烷偶联剂为正硅酸乙酯、γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、正硅酸甲酯、3-甲基丙烯基酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、三甲氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷或苯胺甲基三甲氧基硅烷;所述的钛酸酯偶联剂为氧乙酸酯双(二辛基磷酸酯)钛酸酯、异丙氧基三(磷酸二辛酯)钛酸酯、异丙基二油酸酰氧基(二辛基磷酸酰氧基)钛酸酯或正钛酸四丁酯。
8.根据权利要求1所述的低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料,其特征在于所述的润滑剂为硬脂酸及其酯类衍生物、金属皂类、饱和烃类或硅系润滑剂,所述的硬脂酸及其酯类衍生物为硬脂酸、硬脂酸正丁酯或硬脂酸辛酯;所述的金属皂类润滑剂为硬脂酸钙或硬脂酸锌;所述的饱和烃类润滑剂为液体石蜡、固体石蜡、微晶石蜡或聚乙烯蜡;所述的硅系润滑剂为高粘度硅油或硅酮母料。
9.一种如权利要求1所述的低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料的制备方法,其特征在于其是将按重量份数称取乙烯—α-烯烃共聚物30~80份、聚乙烯20~60份、阻燃剂A100~200份、阻燃剂B0~20份、引发剂0.01~0.2份、偶联剂0.5~2.5、润滑剂1~5份和抗氧剂0.1~1份投入密炼机中进行混炼,混炼至料温为130℃~150℃时出料并送入锥形喂料斗,经双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出,控制双螺杆挤出机的一区至九区温度以及控制双螺杆挤出机的机头温度,经冷切,得到低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料。
10.根据权利要求9所述的低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料的制备方法,其特征在于所述的控制以螺杆挤出机的一区至九区的温度是将一区至九区的温度分别控制为:一区90~100℃,二区100~110℃,三区110~120℃,四区120~130℃,五区130~140℃,六区130~140℃,七区120~130℃,八区110~120℃,九区100~110℃;所述的控制双螺杆挤出机的机头温度是将机头温度控制为100~110℃。
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