CN103835691B - A kind of natural selection dessert temporarily blocks up volume fracturing method - Google Patents
A kind of natural selection dessert temporarily blocks up volume fracturing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of natural selection dessert temporarily blocks up volume fracturing method, belong to increasing yield of oil and natural gas technical field.Methods described includes：According to the Original strata stress size and Orientation on preset horizontal section length, horizontal well orientation, length, reservoir Young's moduluss, Poisson's ratio and well log interpretation performance data, obtain the distribution of reservoir stress profile；It is distributed according to reservoir stress profile, determine net horizontal section segmentation scheme, and segmentation is carried out to net horizontal section by packer；Explain, analysis draws possible crack starter location, and according to fracturing reform intensity needs, determines the Number of Fractures in each target phase according to log data and crustal stress；In each target phase, natural selection dessert presses off many cracks, and forms complex network crack in same crack.Suitable water horizontal well pressure break of the present invention, the transformation of all kinds of old well refracturing, have initial production height, stable production period length, recovery ratio height, instrument amount is few under lower going-into-well and the features such as diverting agent safety and environmental protection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to increasing yield of oil and natural gas technical field, temporarily block up volume fracturing particularly to a kind of natural selection dessert
Method.
Background technology
So-called " dessert " is from the translation of external oil-gas exploration and development circle " Sweet heart " it is intended that oil-gas exploration
The oily interval of large-area oil-gas bearing area and big section can be disclosed, wherein part is in current economic, technology in development process
Under the conditions of there is preferable development benefit, it be distributed in vertical, horizontal distribution may be not in blocks.Meanwhile, the preferential of crack rises
The knick point position that always physical property is good, fracture toughness is low, closure stress is low, fracture pressure is low, tensile strength is low, these positions are usual
It is referred to as geology " dessert " region.
The common practice of horizontal well storey increase design is at present：Tooled joint in section will be implemented after average for horizontal well horizontal segment segmentation,
Every section is all injected essentially identical liquor.Conventional flat well staged fracturing has four obvious weakness：
1) fracturing liquid is less efficient.In conjunction with the characteristic analysis of the unconventional gas reservoirs such as hypotonic densification oil gas, shale gas, and
Horizontal well production performance observation finds：The yield of a bite horizontal well more than 80% be about be derived from 30% interval that is to say, that
Hyposmosis horizontal segment volume fracturing is implemented using traditional method, about 60% liquid has been injected into the storage not having productivity contribution
Layer.
2) crack swept volume is less.Every typical crack that traditional fracturing reform is pressed off forms face domain, face domain institute ripple
And volume is not big, yield and recovery percent of reserves are low, and stable production period is short.So the volume of gained transformation and dynamics all differ greatly,
The volume being capable of employing is also little, and especially in hyposmosis densification oil gas, the transformation of shale gas reservoir volume, every crack does not have
Feed through to part it is difficult to employ the oil and gas reserves of this part.
3) the packer quantity under lower going-into-well is more, easily causes down hole problem, leads to down-hole accident.
4) all kinds of old well refracturing inefficiencies, reason be refracturing be mostly press off before pressure break formed
Old crack is it is difficult to employ new oil and gas reserves.Especially horizontal well refracturing, does not almost have effective means at present.
Content of the invention
In order to solve present in conventional flat well staged fracturing technology that fracturing fluid utilization rate is low, crack swept volume is little,
Packer usage quantity is many and the low problem of refracturing efficiency, the invention provides a kind of natural selection dessert temporarily stifled volume pressure
Cracking method, including：
According to the Original strata stress size and Orientation on preset horizontal section length, horizontal well orientation, length, reservoir Young mould
Amount, Poisson's ratio and well log interpretation performance data, obtain the distribution of reservoir stress profile；
It is distributed according to described reservoir stress profile, determine net horizontal section segmentation scheme, and by packer to net horizontal section
Carry out segmentation, specifically include：It is distributed according to described reservoir stress profile, by fracture pressure maximum in continuum and minimum rupture
The interval that the absolute value of the difference of pressure is not more than preset value is divided into same level section；According to the interval dividing, will continuously not
Same horizontal segment two ends, as packer lowered position, packer are transferred to described position, are completed packer setting, realize machine
Tool insulates；
Explain, analysis draws possible crack starter location according to log data and crustal stress, and by each target phase
The size distribution situation of all point prediction fracture pressures, determines the Number of Fractures in each target phase；
In each target phase, natural selection dessert presses off many cracks, and formation complex network splits in same crack
Seam, specifically includes：According to the order that initial cracking pressure is ascending in each target phase, pass sequentially through pressure natural selection crack initiation
The corresponding position of pressure, presses off a crack, and after the completion of crack presses off, adds high intensity water-soluble granular diverting agent, envelope
The sealing chinking, until completing to preset fracturing fracture bar number in target phase；In same crack, add high intensity water solublity
Powder diverting agent is realized crack and is turned to, and forms complex network crack.
The size of described preset value is 5～8MPa.
The natural selection dessert that the present invention provides temporarily blocks up volume fracturing method it is adaptable to fractured horizontal well, high angle hole pressure
Split, huge thick-layer vertical well fracture, all kinds of old well refracturing are transformed, fracture fluid coefficient can be increased substantially and crack is involved
Rate, makes fracturing fluid more enter Effective Reservoirs, links up surrounding crack and sweet spot region, increases pressure break volume, reduces down-hole work
Tool usage amount, is effectively increased drainage area, employs bigger oil and gas reserves, improves individual well initial production, increases stable yields cycle, raising
Ultimate recovery, diverting agent safety and environmental protection, reduces oil and gas development input and output ratio.In addition, improving the complete of Oil/gas Well transformation
Kind degree and pressing crack construction effect, after the pressure of raising unconventional reservoir while production capacity, well yield and final extraction yield, subtract
Few mechanical packing, reduces and enters operating risk under downhole tool, is the difficulties such as current Efficient Development densification oil, tight gas, shale gas
Employ the effective technology of unconventional reserves, highly test and promote.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the explanation schematic diagram of the reservoir stress profile distribution of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the data band curve chart of the reservoir stress profile distribution of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the explanation schematic diagram of the mechanical packing structure of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 to Fig. 6 is that the fracturing process natural selection dessert of the embodiment of the present invention temporarily blocks up volume fracturing schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is that natural selection dessert provided in an embodiment of the present invention temporarily blocks up volume fracturing method flow diagram.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, technical solution of the present invention is further described.
Referring to Fig. 7, embodiments provide a kind of natural selection dessert and temporarily block up volume fracturing method, walk including following
Suddenly：
Step 101, according to Oil/gas Well horizontal segment reservoir properties, carry out reservoir crustal stress distribution research.
According to the Original strata stress size and Orientation on preset horizontal section length, horizontal well orientation, length, reservoir Young mould
Amount, Poisson's ratio and well log interpretation performance data, obtain the distribution of reservoir stress profile.The figure of reservoir stress profile distribution can pass through
Layering profile of geostress analysis software generates, and comprises the computing formula of correlation, by Original strata stress size and Orientation, water in this software
The information inputs such as horizontal well orientation, length, reservoir Young's moduluss, Poisson's ratio, well log interpretation performance data in this software it is possible to
Obtain the data band curve chart of reservoir stress profile distribution as shown in Figure 2.
Step 102, according to reservoir stress profile be distributed, determine horizontal segment segmentation scheme, and by packer to horizontal well
Duan Jinhang segmentation.
In order to realize natural selection dessert it is thus necessary to determine that horizontal segment segmentation scheme, and by packer, net horizontal section is entered
Row segmentation, specifically：It is distributed according to reservoir stress profile, by fracture pressure p maximum in continuummaxWith minimum burst pressure
pminThe interval being more or less the same is divided into same level section；Judge maximum fracture pressure pmaxWith minimum burst pressure pminDifference is not
Big standard is | pmax-pmin|≤5～8MPa；According to the interval dividing, using continuously different horizontal segment two ends as packer
Lowered position, packer 5 (as shown in Figure 3) is transferred to behind this position, completes packer setting, realize mechanical packing；In tool
In body production practices, judge maximum fracture pressure pmaxWith minimum burst pressure pminThe setting value of the standard being more or less the same can basis
Determining, the present embodiment is set as 5～8MPa to the feature of reservoir.
Step 103, explained according to log data and crustal stress, analysis draws possible crack starter location, and is changed according to pressure break
Make intensity needs, determine the Number of Fractures in each target phase.
According to level course position log data in net horizontal section between continuous two packers, calculate stratum dynamics data；Root
Publish in petroleum industry publishing house according to Li Zhiming《Crustal stress and oil-gas exploration and development》In the computing formula that is related to, calculate such as
Under：
(1) calculating of dynamic elasticity parameter
Poisson's ratio：
Bulk modulus：
Young's moduluss：
Shear moduluses：
Lame Coefficient：
Uniaxial compressive strength：Sc=E [0.008Vsh+0.0045(1-Vsh)]
Intrinsic shearing strength：C=0.25Sc/k
Tensile strength of rock：St=Sc/12
In above formula：vp, vsIt is respectively p-and s-wave velocity；Δtp, Δ tsIt is respectively vertical shear wave slowness；ρ is that formation volume is close
Degree；K is coefficient of bulk compressibility.
Geostress field analysis：Using well logging information, base area Stress Field Distribution rule and to affecting its factors
Analysis, sets up the semiempirical formula model of crustal stress calculating, determines each parameter in pattern, calculates the stress data on stratum, obtains
To the profile of geostress along depth continuous distribution, then the data detection being determined with actual measurement or additive method, correction Stress calculation are tied
Really.
(2) crustal stress computation schema：
In formula：σv, σh, σHIt is respectively vertical stress, minimum horizontal principal stress and maximum horizontal principal stress；V, E, αT, α divides
Wei not the Poisson's ratio of formation rock, elastic modelling quantity, linear expansion coefficient and effective stress coefficient；H, pp, Δ T respectively layer depth
Degree, the calculating formation pore pressure of depth and the change of formation temperature；kh, kHIt is respectively minimum and maximum horizontal principal stress side
To tectonic stress coefficient, can be considered constant in same block；Δσh, Δ σHIt is respectively the minimum and considering strata denudation
Big flatly stress additional amount, can be considered constant in same block.
(3) calculating of formation pore pressure
Formation pore pressure refers to the pressure of contained fluid in formation pore, and its computing formula is pp(D is Pore Pressure to=DH
Power gradient, H is depth of stratum).
(4) calculating of formation fracture pressure
Formation fracture pressure is minimum principal stress now and rock strength sum in stratum, and concrete calculating formula is：
pf=3 σh-σH-pp+St
Work as StWhen=0, as Natural Ruptures pressure pf0=pm=3 σh-σH-pp.
It should be noted that：Horizontal well passes through the distance of reservoir typically in 200-500 rice, is difficult long.Reason is ground
Face-pumping send requirement and the restriction of equipment construction discharge capacity.When horizontal well same level length section is long, need in fracturing process applies
Work discharge capacity is quite big, and current ground pumping conditions cannot complete the displacement requirements of so big section.Compared to traditional volume fracturing
Method, embodiment of the present invention setting same level length section, in 200-500 rice, so can reduce the usage quantity of packer.In addition,
Press off many cracks in order to improve recovery ratio and typically require along net horizontal section, therefore appropriate design crack bar should be required according to harvesting
Number；Every crack represents dessert position it is ensured that fracture interval can not be too little, if fracture interval is too little, does not only enable
Volume increase, and also result in pressing crack construction failure.
Pressure-break bar is determined by the size distribution situation of all point prediction fracture pressures in got a certain section
Number, this specifically predicts the outcome and directly determines the number of times that pressure break is temporarily blocked up in work progress, that is,：If design presses off four seams,
So needing to carry out the number of times that sealing temporarily blocks up is three times.
Step 104, in each target phase, natural selection dessert presses off many cracks.
1) position of physical property preferably (initial cracking pressure is minimum) in this target phase of pressure natural selection, this mesh of pressure break first are passed through
The first crack in bid section, this crack is the best reservoir of physical property in this section；This step this by pressure from
So select fracture initiation point position, different from the existing Technology artificially specifying fracture initiation point；
2) after the completion of the first crack pressure break, add high intensity water-soluble granular diverting agent, block sealing；
3) again sprain pressure, playing slightly worse (initial cracking pressure the rising than the first crack of knick point physical property with respect to the first crack
Split pressure increased, but it is that initial cracking pressure is minimum in addition to the crack initiation position of the first crack) position, press off Article 2
Crack；Repeat closure sealing operation above afterwards, each position initial cracking pressure increases successively, and pressure break opens each crack；This step
This fracturing process, different from every section of common horizontal well manual segmentation can only pressure break one crack Technology.
High intensity water-soluble granular diverting agent used in this step is the water that a kind of bearing capacity reaches more than 70MPa
Dissolubility diverting agent, this water solublity diverting agent, with acrylamide as main component, is become by radical solution copolymerization.
Step 105, in same crack formed complex network crack.
In every crack transformation process, fracturing fluid adds high intensity water-soluble powder diverting agent, this powder is temporary
Blocking agent can constantly form in the end in crack and instantaneously temporarily block up, and force crack constantly to turn to, and crack is once turn to, the end of main seam
Temporarily block up and disappear, main seam continuation extends forward, is constantly formed again instantaneously temporarily block up in extension, and continuous steering.Meanwhile, each new life
The seam that turns to becoming is also to occur continuously temporarily to block up, turn to, temporarily block up disappearance, fracture extension, the cyclic process temporarily blocked up, turn to.This
Plant the mechanism of cracking initiation, will constantly form the network fracture of complexity, ultimately forming fracture shape is a network-like body
Long-pending crack.This fracturing process of this step, solves the Technology in conventional fracturing fracture difficult to form complex network crack
Difficult point.
Used in the present embodiment, high intensity water solublity diverting agent is to ensure that the material guarantee that the present invention is achieved, its tool
There are following features：
1) there is higher bearing capacity, granule diverting agent is not less than 70MPa, powder diverting agent is not less than 50MPa.Temporarily block up
Plugging effect and closure excellent in efficiency, reason is water solublity diverting agent granule after entering well or crack, in the effect of pressure reduction
Under, crosslink reaction with fluids such as fracturing fluids, then the good filter cake of forming properties around pit shaft；
2), in a period of time under elevated pressure conditions, water solublity diverting agent can be dissolved completely in fracturing fluid, so can
Automatically terminate closure and recover production of hydrocarbons passage, stratum will not be damaged again.
In order to clearly illustrate the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, a typical application implementation is given below
Example, specific as follows：
1) according to the Original strata stress size on horizontal section length DLx (x=1,2,3 ... n-2, n-1, n (n ∈ R, n >=1)) and
The information such as direction, horizontal well orientation, length, reservoir Young's moduluss, Poisson's ratio, well log interpretation performance data, as shown in figure 1, meter
Calculate the distribution of reservoir stress profile.The distribution of reservoir stress profile is that the crustal stress on each DLx (length may be set to 0.1 meter) is big
Little data acquisition system, what this data acquisition system was formed is a data band curve chart, as shown in Figure 2.
2) assume arbitrarily DLx=0.1m in Fig. 1, be distributed according to reservoir stress profile, continuous mDLx (m ∈ R, m >=1) region
Interior, its original place layer maximum fracture pressure and minimum burst pressure difference less, then the interval dividing this length areas is same water
Flat section, as shown in figure 3, the net horizontal section in shown region is divided into three levels section according to principles above, respectively L1,
L2、L3.
Assume：L1 horizontal section length is 200-300m, and L2 horizontal section length is 100-200m, and L3 horizontal section length is 200-
300m, can determine that packer 5 position of horizontal well tubing string 4 as shown in Figure 3 according to division station interval.Constructing operation completes to seal
Set every device, that is, realize mechanical packing, fracturing sliding bush 6, connection horizontal wellbore 2 and horizontal wellbore surrounding formation are opened by pitching
1 (reservoir space), as shown in figures 1 and 3.
3) explain, analysis draws according to the well logging of level course position and crustal stress in L1 horizontal segment, L2 horizontal segment, L3 horizontal segment section
Possible crack starter location.As Figure 4-Figure 6, the intensity being needed according to fracturing reform, designs pressure break 2 crack.
4), during fracturing work, as shown in figure 4, first natural selection presses off the first crack in section, formed crack is rip cutting
Seam 7；High intensity water-soluble granular diverting agent, level in high intensity water-soluble granular diverting agent approach section is bet again in horizontal well
Mineshaft annulus 3 are realized sealing at sealing and are temporarily blocked up, and then continue to fracturing work, and in section, natural selection presses off Article 2 rip cutting seam
7, as shown in figure 5, completing 2 dessert processes of natural selection in section according to original design；Then, continue to bet in horizontal well high-strength
Degree water-soluble powder diverting agent, high intensity water-soluble powder diverting agent enters crack and realizes temporarily blocking up in seam, then carries out fracturing work,
Under the influence of high intensity water-soluble powder diverting agent, in seam, static pressure raises, and crack occurs to turn to realizes natural selection in seam
Process, forms raphe transection as shown in Figure 6 and complicated seam 8, is finally completed volume fracturing operation.
Volume fracturing described in the embodiment of the present invention refers to, in hydraulic fracturing process, realize change omnibearing to reservoir
Making, thus increasing hydraulic fracture swept volume, improving initil output and ultimate recovery.The volume fracturing of broad sense includes following 3
The pattern of kind：
1) constantly expansion and brittle rock produce shearing slip to make intrinsic fracture, form intrinsic fracture mutual with man-made fracture
Staggered fracture network, will be able to be smashed with the Effective Reservoirs of seepage flow, make crack wall maximum with the contact area of reservoir matrix.Suitable
Use reservoir conditions：The brittleness index of rock is not less than 50, and fracture initiation and extension are not only extensional and destroy, and also there is shearing, slides
The complicated mechanical behavior such as shifting, bad break, pressure break forms the combination crack of shearing crack or extensional fracture and shearing crack.
2) (intrinsic fracture is likely to out to increase hydraulic fracture bar number and density in limited well section using multiple methods
Open), these cracks are accumulated the bar number with crack for the drainage area of control, seam length, seam width, are stitched high factor change and change.Suitable
Use reservoir conditions：Rock destroys for extensional, and pressure break forms extensional seam.
3) utilize the relation to stress difference and fracture extension net pressure for the reservoir-level two, realize fracture extension net pressure and be more than
The difference of two horizontal principal stress and tensile strength of rock sum, form with main seam and the combined dendritic fracture of branch fractures.
Applicable reservoir conditions：Reservoir-level two is less than 6MPa to stress difference.
Above-mentioned three kinds of volume fracturing patterns are adapted to implement open-hole horizontal well natural selection dessert volume fracturing, greatly
Improve fracturing reform volume it is achieved that effective development degree to reservoir.
Natural selection dessert provided in an embodiment of the present invention temporarily blocks up volume fracturing method, can increase substantially fracturing fluid profit
Involve rate with efficiency and crack, make fracturing fluid more enter Effective Reservoirs, link up surrounding crack and sweet spot region, natural selection
Open reservoir one or more geology dessert, and pass through one or many in open-hole horizontal well and throw into each section of packing horizontal segment
Send crack guiding controlling agent realize crack temporarily block up, turning efficiency, employ bigger oil and gas reserves to greatest extent, improve after pressure production capacity and
Completion practice efficiency, reduces construction cost, thus solving that reserves exploitation is unbalanced, the low difficult problem of recovery percent of reserves.
Natural selection dessert provided in an embodiment of the present invention temporarily blocks up volume fracturing method, improves the perfect of Oil/gas Well transformation
Degree and pressing crack construction effect, increased draining, the gas area of unconventional reservoir, increase pressure break volume, reduce downhole tool
Usage amount, increases the stable yields cycle, improves ultimate recovery, reduce oil and gas development input and output ratio.In addition, the present invention is implemented
Example while production capacity, well yield and final extraction yield, reduces mechanical packing, reduces also after the pressure improving unconventional reservoir
Operating risk is entered, being that current Efficient Development densification oil, tight gas, shale gas etc. are difficult employs unconventional reserves under downhole tool
Effective technology, highly tests and promotes.
Particular embodiments described above, has carried out detailed further to the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect
Describe in detail bright, be should be understood that the specific embodiment that the foregoing is only the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement done etc., should be included in the guarantor of the present invention
Within the scope of shield.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of natural selection dessert temporarily blocks up volume fracturing method it is characterised in that including：
According to the Original strata stress size and Orientation on preset horizontal section length, horizontal well orientation, length, reservoir Young's moduluss,
Poisson's ratio and well log interpretation performance data, obtain the distribution of reservoir stress profile；
It is distributed according to described reservoir stress profile, determine net horizontal section segmentation scheme, and by packer, net horizontal section is carried out
Segmentation, specifically includes：It is distributed according to described reservoir stress profile, by fracture pressure maximum in continuum and minimum burst pressure
Difference absolute value be not more than preset value interval be divided into same level section；According to the interval dividing, will be continuously different
Described position, as packer lowered position, packer is transferred in horizontal segment two ends, completes packer setting, realizes machinery envelope
Every；
Explained according to log data and crustal stress, analysis draws possible crack starter location, and by all in each target phase
The size distribution situation of point prediction fracture pressure, determines the Number of Fractures in each target phase；
In each target phase, natural selection dessert presses off many cracks, and forms complex network crack in same crack,
Specifically include：According to the order that initial cracking pressure is ascending in each target phase, pass sequentially through pressure natural selection crack initiation pressure
The corresponding position of power, presses off a crack, and after the completion of crack presses off, adds high intensity water-soluble granular diverting agent, closure
The sealing in crack, until completing to preset fracturing fracture bar number in target phase；In same crack, add high intensity water soluble powder
Last diverting agent is realized crack and is turned to, and forms complex network crack.
2. natural selection dessert as claimed in claim 1 temporarily block up volume fracturing method it is characterised in that described preset value big
Little is 5～8MPa.
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