CN108316908B - Temporary plugging volume fracturing technology for closely cutting temporary plugging with high sand content - Google Patents
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- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a temporary plugging volume fracturing process technology for closely cutting temporary plugging with high sand content, belonging to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas yield increase, comprising the following steps of: dividing well sections according to parameters, perforating the same well section, selecting a temporary plugging agent according to requirements, designing the using amount of the temporary plugging agent, selecting appropriate fracturing fluid, selecting the discharge capacity and sand adding scale of fracturing according to downhole parameters, performing fracturing construction on a stratum, injecting the fracturing fluid into the stratum, performing volume fracturing, performing temporary plugging by adopting a powdery high-strength water-soluble temporary plugging agent, performing construction by adopting a granular high-strength water-soluble temporary plugging agent, and repeating the steps to complete volume fracturing transformation. The novel temporary plugging volume fracturing process technology provided by the invention has the advantages of simple steps and reliable method, can effectively complete construction, and improves the construction efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas yield increase, in particular to a temporary plugging volume fracturing process technology of 'close cutting, high sand content and temporary plugging'.
Background
Shale gas is rich in resources and is one of important energy sources developed at present. The permeability of the shale gas reservoir matrix is low, reservoir joint cracks develop, meanwhile, natural cracks develop, the natural cracks need to be communicated through volume modification, a complex crack network is formed, and the productivity is improved. On-site experiments prove that the single-well yield can be improved by finely segmenting the shale gas horizontal section and improving the sand adding amount of a single layer and simultaneously realizing the volume transformation of the storage layer section by adopting a temporary blocking steering technology. At present, related research units at home and abroad have conducted many explorations and researches on the aspect, for example, the applicant previously filed application number 201410131260.2, namely a 'natural choice dessert temporary blocking volume fracturing method', and some explorations and researches on the aspect are conducted, but for a well section constructed by closely cutting high sand amount, researches are still lacked, and no effective means can be used for processing the well section.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a temporary plugging volume fracturing process technology for closely cutting temporary plugging with high sand content, which improves the prior art and adds new steps which are not adopted by parts to realize the treatment efficiency of a high-cutting high-sand-content construction well section.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a temporary plugging volume fracturing process technology for closely cutting temporary plugging with high sand content comprises the following steps:
and S1, according to the well logging interpretation result, comprehensively considering the roadway position, the reservoir parameters, the fracture characteristics, the stress characteristics and the engineering factors of the horizontal section of the well to perform fine segmentation on the horizontal section of the shale gas reservoir, and dividing the well sections with similar reservoir parameters and well completion parameters into the same fracturing section.
Reservoir parameters mainly comprise total organic carbon content, free and adsorbed gas amount, rock brittleness and porosity, rock mineral content and the like; the stress characteristic is mainly the maximum and minimum principal stress of the reservoir, and the fracture characteristic is mainly the natural fracture development condition.
The well logging interpretation result is that the reservoir is classified according to parameters such as total organic carbon content, free and adsorbed gas amount, rock brittleness, porosity and the like of the reservoir;
s2, comprehensively considering reservoir quality, gas measurement display, stress difference and engineering factors, performing clustering perforation on the layered reservoir sections, perforating 3-4 families, selecting positions with good reservoir quality, high gas measurement value and small stress difference for perforation, and avoiding poor cementing quality and casing joint hoop of the perforated sections;
s3, selecting and designing the dosage of the temporary plugging agent, and according to on-site practice, proving that all perforation holes are not filled with fracturing fluid in the current fracturing process, effective reconstruction is not carried out, the addition of the seam temporary plugging agent can plug the fractured perforation positions and formed fracture seams, the liquid is forced to carry out the non-fractured perforation positions, new fractures are formed, close cutting reconstruction of a reservoir is realized, effective reconstruction of all perforation clusters is ensured, the sand adding amount of a single layer is increased, and the purpose of high sand content of the reservoir is realized; meanwhile, the temporary plugging agent in the cracks is added, so that the stress difference in two directions can be overcome, the crack form is changed, the volume fracturing of the shale gas reservoir is realized, and the productivity is improved;
step S4, selecting a fracturing fluid, wherein the fracturing fluid selected in the conventional shale gas fracturing modification mainly takes a slickwater system as a main part, and a small amount of cross-linking glue is used according to the construction difficulty;
the slippery water comprises a resistance reducing agent, a clay stabilizer and a cleanup additive, and the selection indexes are that the resistance reducing rate is more than 70 percent and the hydration dispersion performance is less than 1.5;
the cross-linking agent comprises a thickening agent, a clay stabilizer, a cleanup additive, a pH regulator and a cross-linking agent, the selection index is that the viscosity after cross-linking meets the requirement of carrying sand, the cross-linking delay characteristic is realized, and meanwhile, the residue is low;
s5, setting the fracturing discharge capacity and the sand adding scale, and optimizing the construction discharge capacity according to the structure of the well pipe column, the friction coefficient of liquid, the extension pressure gradient of the stratum and the construction pressure limitation;
s6, performing first-stage fracturing construction, namely injecting fracturing fluid into a stratum to perform first volume fracturing, wherein in practical application, shale gas fracturing is mainly performed by using slickwater, a propping agent is brought into the stratum through high-discharge slickwater to prop the formed fracture, when sand carrying difficulty occurs in construction, crosslinking glue is added into the fracturing fluid, and after the construction, all the propping agent in a shaft needs to be pushed into the stratum;
s7, sequentially injecting powdery and granular high-strength water-soluble temporary plugging agents into the stratum to plug the pressed perforation positions and formed crack openings, forcing fracturing fluid to enter the first-section unpressed perforation positions, and performing second volume fracturing;
and S8, repeating the step S6 and the step S7 to complete the volume fracturing reformation of the residual section of the shale gas horizontal well.
Further, in step S1, the reservoirs are classified into categories I, II, and III. The I is that the content of organic carbon is more than 3 percent,The free and adsorbed gas amount is more than 3m3T, the brittleness of the rock is more than 55, and the porosity is more than 4; class II contains 2-3% of organic carbon and 2-3m of free and adsorbed gas3T, the brittleness of the rock is 33-55, and the porosity is 3-5; class III is organic carbon content less than 3%, free and adsorbed gas content less than 2m3T, rock brittleness less than 35 and porosity less than 3.
Further, in step S2, the factors referred to for integrating the reservoir quality include: the mathematical reference model of the total organic carbon content, the free and adsorbed gas amount, the rock brittleness and the porosity is as follows:
the comprehensive quality is A multiplied by the total organic carbon content + B multiplied by the free and adsorbed gas amount + C multiplied by the rock brittleness + D multiplied by the porosity, A, B, C, D is the weight proportion of four parameters, meanwhile, A, B, C, D carries out secondary weight matching according to reservoir types I, II and III, finally, 1, 2 and 3 types of reservoir quality are obtained, 1 type is obtained when the reservoir quality is more than or equal to 0.85, 2 types are obtained when the reservoir quality is more than or equal to 0.6 and less than 0.85, and 3 types are obtained when the reservoir quality is less than 0.6.
Further, in step S1, the reservoir is divided into a pore type reservoir, the porosity of the pore type reservoir is 3 to 5, and the porosity of the fracture type reservoir is 3 to 4; the porosity of the porous reservoir is less than 3, and the porosity of the fractured reservoir is less than 3.
Further, in step S3, the formula for calculating the amount of the temporary plugging agent is:
M＝V1×ρ1×56％V2+V2×ρ2
V1＝πH(d×Δd+Δd2)
wherein: m-temporary plugging agent mass, rho1Apparent density of temporary blocking agent, p2Volume density of temporary plugging agent, V2The hole volume, d-the external diameter of the sleeve, the H-the supporting seam height, and delta d-the filter cake thickness.
Furthermore, when in use, the combination of multiple particle sizes is required according to the size of the perforation holes;
the water-soluble temporary plugging agent is added in two ways:
1) arranging a bypass on the high-pressure manifold for presetting, and adding the bypass in the construction process;
2) and adding the fracturing truck with the modified fracturing pump head into a blending tank on a sand mixer truck.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a novel temporary plugging volume fracturing process technology of 'close cutting + high sand amount + temporary plugging', combines the existing well logging technology and a reservoir classification method, and provides technological improvements on 'close cutting' reservoir section, 'high sand amount' effective support and temporary plugging steering to improve fracture form and complexity and the like through a reservoir quality evaluation method and a patent temporary plugging product provided by patents on the process, so that the efficiency of temporary plugging volume fracturing can be improved, and further the oil and gas yield is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a well logging interpretation of an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a well stress profile of an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the well of the embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the construction of the 5 th section of the logging in the example;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the construction of section 6 of the logging of the example;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of microseismic events before and after the addition of transient plugging agents in section 5 of the logging in accordance with the example;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of microseismic events before and after the addition of transient plugging agents in section 6 of the example logging.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
A temporary plugging volume fracturing process technology for closely cutting temporary plugging with high sand content comprises the following steps:
and S1, according to the well logging interpretation result, comprehensively considering the roadway position, the reservoir parameters, the fracture characteristics, the stress characteristics and the engineering factors of the horizontal section of the well to perform fine segmentation on the horizontal section of the shale gas reservoir, and dividing the well sections with similar reservoir parameters and well completion parameters into the same fracturing section.
Reservoir parameters mainly comprise total organic carbon content, free and adsorbed gas amount, rock brittleness and porosity, rock mineral content and the like; the stress characteristic is mainly the maximum and minimum principal stress of the reservoir, and the fracture characteristic is mainly the natural fracture development condition.
The well logging interpretation result is that the reservoirs are classified according to parameters such as total organic carbon content, free and adsorbed gas amount, rock brittleness, porosity and the like of the reservoirs, and can be currently classified into I, II and III. The I is organic carbon content > 3%, free and adsorbed gas content > 3m3T, rock brittleness > 55, porosity > 5 (pore type reservoir) and porosity > 4 (fracture type reservoir); class II contains 2-3% of organic carbon and 2-3m of free and adsorbed gas3T, the rock brittleness is 33-55, the porosity is 3-5 (a pore type reservoir stratum) and the porosity is 3-4 (a fracture type reservoir stratum); class III is organic carbon content less than 3%, free and adsorbed gas content less than 2m3T, rock brittleness < 35, porosity < 3 (pore type reservoir) and porosity < 3 (fracture type reservoir).
And step S2, comprehensively considering the reservoir quality, gas measurement display, stress difference and engineering factors, performing clustering perforation on the layered reservoir sections, and shooting 3-4 families. And selecting a position with good comprehensive reservoir quality, high gas logging value and small stress difference for perforation, and avoiding poor well cementation quality and casing joint in engineering.
The comprehensive reservoir quality mainly considers the total organic carbon content, the free and adsorbed gas amount, the rock brittleness and the porosity, A, B, C, D is the weight proportion of four parameters, meanwhile, A, B, C, D carries out secondary weight matching according to reservoir types I, II and III, finally, 1, 2 and 3 of the reservoir quality are obtained, the reservoir quality is more than or equal to 0.85 and is 1 type, the reservoir quality is more than or equal to 0.6 and is less than 0.85 and is 2 types, and the reservoir quality is less than 0.6 and is 3 types. The A/B/C/D is a parameter revision value, modified by the simulation parameters of the well in which it is located.
And step S3, selecting the temporary plugging agent and designing the dosage.
According to the field practice, the existing fracturing process is proved that all perforation holes are not filled with fracturing fluid and are not effectively modified, the crack temporary plugging agent is added to plug the fractured perforation positions and formed crack cracks, the fluid is forced to enter the non-fractured perforation positions to form new cracks, the dense cutting modification of the reservoir is realized, the effective modification of all perforation clusters is ensured, the sand adding amount of a single layer is increased, and the purpose of high sand amount of the reservoir is realized. Meanwhile, the temporary plugging agent in the cracks is added, so that the stress difference in two directions can be overcome, the crack form is changed, the volume fracturing of the shale gas reservoir is realized, and the productivity is improved.
The formula for calculating the dosage of the temporary plugging agent is as follows:
M＝V1×ρ1×56％×V2+V2×ρ2
V1＝πH(d×Δd+Δd2)
wherein: m-temporary plugging agent mass, rho1Apparent density of temporary blocking agent, p2Volume density of temporary plugging agent, V2The hole volume, d-the external diameter of the sleeve, the H-the supporting seam height, and delta d-the filter cake thickness.
Step S4 fracturing fluid selection
The fracturing fluid selected in shale gas fracturing reformation at present mainly takes a slippery water system as a main part, and a small amount of cross-linking glue is used according to construction difficulty.
The slick water mainly comprises a resistance reducing agent, a clay stabilizer and a cleanup additive, and has low viscosity, the resistance reducing rate is more than 70 percent, and the CST (hydration dispersion performance) is less than 1.5.
The cross-linking agent mainly comprises a thickening agent, a clay stabilizer, a cleanup additive, a pH regulator and a cross-linking agent, the viscosity after cross-linking is required to meet the requirement of carrying sand, the cross-linking delay characteristic is achieved, and meanwhile, the residue is required to be low.
And step S5, setting the discharge capacity and the sand adding scale of the fracturing.
According to the structure of the pipe column in the well, the coefficient of friction resistance of liquid, the extension pressure gradient and the construction pressure limit of the stratum, the construction discharge capacity is optimized, such as the X well casing size of 5.5in, the well depth of 6000m, the extension pressure of 0.021-0.024MPa/m, the well head pressure limit of 120mMPa and the optimized construction discharge capacity of 12-13m3/min。
The diversion of the branch cracks is above 0.02-0.05D-cm, and the diversion of the main cracks is more than 2D-cm, so that the diversion capability of the network cracks can be met. And designing the single-section sand adding scale of 120-160 tons in combination with the condition of well construction of an adjacent well. Practice shows that the sand entering amount of each cluster can be ensured by adding the seam temporary plugging agent to perform intersegment temporary plugging steering, the aim of high sand amount of a reservoir is fulfilled, meanwhile, the sand adding scale and the single-well yield have a certain linear relation (the adding amount is increased in a certain range, the single-well yield is increased), and the improvement of the sand amount is favorable for improving the effect.
And S6, performing first-stage fracturing construction, namely injecting fracturing fluid into the stratum to perform first volume fracturing.
In practical application, shale gas fracturing mainly takes slickwater as a main part, proppant is brought into a stratum through high-discharge slickwater to support the formed fracture, cross-linked glue can be adopted if sand carrying difficulty occurs in construction, and the proppant in a shaft needs to be completely pushed into the stratum after construction.
And step S7, injecting the powder high-strength water-soluble temporary plugging agent into the stratum.
And injecting the powder high-strength water-soluble temporary plugging agent into the well section with larger maximum and minimum principal stress difference, wherein the powder high-strength water-soluble temporary plugging agent can effectively overcome stress, force the crack to turn at the end part, improve the shape of the crack, further complicate the crack and increase the reconstruction volume.
The high-strength water-soluble temporary plugging agent used for fracturing in the embodiment of the invention is generated by the chemical reaction of an acrylamide monomer and a sulfonate monomer, is a solid small particle with viscoelasticity, can also be crushed into powder with different meshes, and can be directly added into a blending tank of a sand mixer.
And step S8, injecting a granular high-strength water-soluble temporary plugging agent into the stratum to plug the pressed perforation position and the formed fracture, forcing the fracturing fluid to enter the first-section unpressed perforation position, and performing second volume fracturing.
When in use, the combination of multiple particle sizes is needed according to the size of the perforation holes. The water-soluble temporary plugging agent is added in two ways:
1) arranging a bypass on the high-pressure manifold for presetting, and adding the bypass in the construction process;
2) and adding the fracturing truck with the modified fracturing pump head into a blending tank on a sand mixer truck.
And S9, repeating the step S6 and the step S8 to complete the volume fracturing reformation of the residual section of the shale gas horizontal well.
The experiment is carried out on a shale gas well in the east Chuanqi, the well depth is 4802m, the casing size is 5.5in, the horizontal section length is 1505m, the well is divided into 12 sections (shown in figure 3) for fracturing modification according to a well logging interpretation result (shown in figure 1) and a stress profile (shown in figure 2), a fracture temporary plugging agent is added into the 5 th section and the 6 th section of the well for close cutting modification, and the fracture temporary plugging agent is added into the fracture to realize fracture form change.
The main design parameters are as follows:
(1) sliding water: the drag reduction rate is 75 percent, and the CST value is 1.08;
(2) designed displacement of 9-12m3/min，
(4) The sand adding amount of the section 5 is 120 tons, and the sand adding amount of the section 5 is 140 tons;
(3) stage 5: adding the temporary plugging agent at the seam for 2 times, adding the temporary plugging agent at the seam for 1 time, adding 200kg of the temporary plugging agent at the seam each time, and adding 600kg of the temporary plugging agent at the seam each time; stage 6: adding the temporary plugging agent for the seam for 2 times, adding the temporary plugging agent for the seam for 1 time, adding 200kg of the temporary plugging agent for the seam for each time, and adding 600kg of the temporary plugging agent for the seam.
After the joint temporary plugging agent is added in the sections 5 and 6, construction pressure rises obviously (figures 4 and 5), and the effective temporary plugging is proved, and after the joint temporary plugging agent is added, micro-earthquakes are displayed (figures 6 and 7), cracks are more complex, and the purposes of close cutting, high sand content and temporary plugging volume fracturing are achieved.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A temporary plugging volume fracturing process technology for closely cutting temporary plugging with high sand content is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, according to the well logging interpretation result, comprehensively considering the roadway position, the reservoir parameters, the fracture characteristics, the stress characteristics and the engineering factors of the horizontal section of the well to perform fine segmentation on the horizontal section of the shale gas reservoir, and dividing the well sections with similar reservoir parameters and well completion parameters into the same fracturing section;
reservoir parameters mainly comprise total organic carbon content, free and adsorbed gas amount, rock brittleness and porosity and rock mineral content; the stress characteristic is mainly the maximum and minimum principal stress of the reservoir, and the fracture characteristic is mainly the natural fracture development condition;
the well logging interpretation result is that the reservoir is classified according to the total organic carbon content, the free and adsorbed gas amount, the rock brittleness and the porosity parameter of the reservoir;
s2, comprehensively considering reservoir quality, gas measurement display, stress difference and engineering factors, performing clustering perforation on the layered reservoir sections, perforating 3-4 clusters, selecting positions with good reservoir quality, high gas measurement value and small stress difference for perforation, and avoiding poor cementing quality and casing joint hoop of the perforated sections;
s3, selecting and designing the dosage of the temporary plugging agent, and according to on-site practice, proving that in the current fracturing process, not all perforation holes are filled with fracturing fluid and are not effectively modified, adding the seam temporary plugging agent can plug the fractured perforation positions and formed fracture seams, forcing the fluid to perform the unpressed perforation positions to form new fractures, realizing close fracture modification of a reservoir stratum, ensuring that all perforation clusters are effectively modified, improving the sand adding amount of a single layer, and realizing the purpose of high sand content of the reservoir stratum; meanwhile, the temporary plugging agent in the cracks is added, so that the stress difference in two directions can be overcome, the crack form is changed, the volume fracturing of the shale gas reservoir is realized, and the productivity is improved;
step S4, selecting a fracturing fluid, wherein the fracturing fluid selected in the conventional shale gas fracturing modification mainly takes a slickwater system as a main part, and a small amount of cross-linking glue is used according to the construction difficulty;
the slippery water comprises a resistance reducing agent, a clay stabilizer and a cleanup additive, and the selection indexes are that the resistance reducing rate is more than 70 percent and the CST hydration dispersion performance is less than 1.5;
the cross-linking glue comprises a thickening agent, a clay stabilizer, a cleanup additive, a pH regulator and a cross-linking agent, has the selection index that the viscosity after cross-linking meets the requirement of carrying sand, has the characteristic of delayed cross-linking, and has low residue;
s5, setting the discharge capacity and sand adding scale of fracturing construction, and optimizing the construction discharge capacity according to the structure of the well pipe column, the friction coefficient of liquid, the extension pressure gradient of the stratum and the construction pressure limit;
s6, performing first-stage fracturing construction, namely injecting fracturing fluid into a stratum to perform first volume fracturing, wherein in practical application, shale gas fracturing is mainly performed by using slickwater, a propping agent is brought into the stratum through high-discharge slickwater to prop the formed fracture, when sand carrying difficulty occurs in construction, crosslinking glue is added into the fracturing fluid, and after the construction, all the propping agent in a shaft needs to be pushed into the stratum;
s7, injecting a granular high-strength water-soluble temporary plugging agent into the stratum to plug the pressed perforation position and the formed crack seam, forcing fracturing fluid to enter the first-section unpressed perforation position, and performing second volume fracturing;
and S8, repeating the step S6 and the step S7 to complete the volume fracturing reformation of the residual section of the shale gas horizontal well.
2. The fracturing process technology of a temporary plugging volume with close cutting high sand content temporary plugging according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S1, the reservoirs are classified into types I, II and III; the I is organic carbon content > 3%, free and adsorbed gas content > 3m3T, the brittleness of the rock is more than 55, and the porosity is more than 4; class II contains 2-3% of organic carbon and 2-3m of free and adsorbed gas3T, the brittleness of the rock is 33-55, and the porosity is 3-5; class III is organic carbon content less than 2%, free and adsorbed gas content less than 2m3T, rock brittleness less than 35 and porosity less than 3.
3. The technique of claim 1, wherein in step S2, the factors for integrating reservoir quality are: the mathematical reference model of the total organic carbon content, the free and adsorbed gas amount, the rock brittleness and the porosity is as follows:
the comprehensive quality is A multiplied by the total organic carbon content + B multiplied by the free and adsorbed gas amount + C multiplied by the rock brittleness + D multiplied by the porosity, A, B, C, D is the weight proportion of four parameters, meanwhile, A, B, C, D carries out secondary weight matching according to reservoir types I, II and III, finally, 1, 2 and 3 types of reservoir quality are determined, 1 type is determined when the reservoir quality is more than or equal to 0.85, 2 types are determined when the reservoir quality is more than or equal to 0.6 and less than 0.85, and 3 types are determined when the reservoir quality is less than 0.6.
4. The fracturing process of a temporary plugging volume with close cutting of high sand content temporary plugging according to the claim 1, wherein in the step S7, a plurality of particle size combinations are carried out according to the size of perforation holes;
the water-soluble temporary plugging agent is added in two ways:
1) arranging a bypass on the high-pressure manifold for presetting, and adding the bypass in the construction process;
2) and adding the fracturing truck with the modified fracturing pump head into a blending tank on a sand mixer truck.
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