CN103833774A - 一种从克拉维酸钾混粉中回收有效成分的方法 - Google Patents

一种从克拉维酸钾混粉中回收有效成分的方法 Download PDF

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CN103833774A
CN103833774A CN201410105064.8A CN201410105064A CN103833774A CN 103833774 A CN103833774 A CN 103833774A CN 201410105064 A CN201410105064 A CN 201410105064A CN 103833774 A CN103833774 A CN 103833774A
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靳孝庆
隋华芹
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Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种从克拉维酸钾混粉中回收有效成分的方法,该方法包括如下步骤:利用混粉中各种有效成分溶解度的不同,用纯化水溶解混粉中的克拉维酸钾,而其他成分不溶,从而得到初步分离,经过进一步纯化,得到满足药典要求的克拉维酸钾等有效成分。本发明创造性的开发了从克拉维酸钾混粉中回收有效成分的新方法,可用于从不合格的克拉维酸钾混粉中回收克拉维酸钾等有效成分,变废为宝,符合绿色生产和循环经济的要求,同时工艺简单,收率高,成本低,具有很高的实用价值和经济价值。

Description

一种从克拉维酸钾混粉中回收有效成分的方法
技术领域
本发明属于制药工业领域,涉及一种从克拉维酸钾混粉中回收有效成分的方法。
背景技术
克拉维酸的化学名称是(2R,5R,Z)-3-(2-羟基亚乙基)-7-氧代-4-氧杂-1-氮杂二环[3.2.0]庚烷-2-羧酸,结构如下:
Figure BDA0000479995890000011
克拉维酸的钾盐是目前应用最广泛的β-内酰胺酶抑制剂,可使抑菌效果增加几倍甚至几十倍。随着临床上细菌耐药性的不断增强,其应用也越来越广泛。
在克拉维酸钾的生产中,通常以混粉的形式进行生产、储存和销售,如克拉维酸钾:二氧化硅(1:1)、克拉维酸钾:微晶纤维素(1:1)、阿莫西林:克拉维酸钾(2:1)、阿莫西林:克拉维酸钾(4:1)、阿莫西林:克拉维酸钾(7:1)等。由于克拉维酸钾极其不稳定,在混粉的生产、储存过程中,可能会因为操作失误、储存不当等原因而出现不合格产品,进而造成严重的经济损失。目前,未见有关从克拉维酸钾混粉中回收有效成分的研究报道。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术的不足,本发明人提供了一种从克拉维酸钾混粉中回收有效成分的新方法。
具体技术方案如下:
一种从克拉维酸钾混粉中回收有效成分的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)取克拉维酸钾混粉,在0~40℃温度下,加纯化水,用酸调节pH至酸性,溶解克拉维酸钾,过滤,得到克拉维酸钾的水溶液和固体不溶物;
(2)得到克拉维酸钾水溶液加入活性炭脱色,脱色温度控制0~40℃;
(3)加入20~50倍的醇类或酮类溶剂进行搅拌结晶,温度控制0~10℃,养晶2小时;用过滤装置过滤,晶体用丙酮洗涤,真空干燥2小时得到克拉维酸钾干品;
(4)不溶物用纯化水洗涤数次,之后30~80℃真空干燥,得到干燥后的不溶物。
步骤(1)中的酸选自如下的一种:盐酸、硫酸和醋酸。
步骤(2)中的活性炭选自如下的一种或者多种:732型活性炭、862型活性炭、302型活性炭、767型活性炭和732型活性炭;在这些活性炭中优选767型活性炭和732型活性炭。
步骤(3)中的醇类或酮类溶剂选自如下的一种:乙醇、异丙醇、丙酮和甲基异丁基酮,优选异丙醇和丙酮。
所述从克拉维酸钾混粉中回收有效成分的方法,其中步骤(1)温度为0~40℃,优选5~20℃;纯化水的用量(单位为mL)为混粉重量(单位为g)的0.08~1.0倍,优选0.2~0.8倍;酸的体积浓度为1%~25%,优选10%~20%;pH为4.0~7.0,优选4.5~5.5;克拉维酸钾水溶液中克拉维酸的浓度为0.5g/mL~2.0g/mL,优选1.0g/mL~1.5g/mL。
所述从克拉维酸钾混粉中回收有效成分的方法,其中步骤(2)活性炭的用量为混粉重量的0.5%~10%,优选1.0%~5%;脱色温度0~40℃,优选5~20℃。
所述从克拉维酸钾混粉中回收有效成分的方法,其中步骤(3)加入20~50倍的溶剂进行搅拌结晶,优选30~40倍;温度控制0~10℃,优选0~5℃。
所述从克拉维酸钾混粉中回收有效成分的方法,其中步骤(4)纯化水的用量为(单位为L)为混粉重量(单位为g)的0.005~0.05倍,优选0.01~0.03倍;洗涤分成1~5次进行,优选2~3次;干燥温度30~80℃,优选30~40℃。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点:
(1)创造性的开发了从克拉维酸钾混粉中回收有效成分的新方法,可用于从不合格的克拉维酸钾混粉中回收克拉维酸钾等有效成分,变废为宝,符合绿色生产和循环经济的要求。
(2)回收所得的克拉维酸钾和阿莫西林与常规工艺生产的产品在含量、杂质等质量参数方面相当,完全满足药典要求。
(3)该方法工艺简单,收率高,成本低,具有很高的实用价值和经济价值。
附图说明
图1、工艺流程图
具体实施方式
实施例1
取不合格的克拉维酸钾:二氧化硅(1:1)混粉200g,在5℃温度下,加入100mL纯化水,用15%醋酸酸调节pH5.0,搅拌溶解,过滤,得到克拉维酸钾的水溶液和不溶解的二氧化硅固体。克拉维酸钾水溶液在20℃温度下用8g活性炭脱色,其中活性炭为767型和302型按照重量比2:1混合而来。在脱色后的克拉维酸钾水溶液中,缓慢加入20倍异丙醇进行结晶,温度控制在0℃,慢速搅拌养晶2小时。结晶液过滤,用丙酮洗涤晶体三次,20℃真空干燥,得克拉维酸钾68.01g,收率71.08%。不溶解的二氧化硅固体因其经济价值小,不予以回收。
实施例2
取不合格的克拉维酸钾:微晶纤维素(1:1)混粉200g,在20℃温度下,加入50mL纯化水,用18%硫酸调节pH4.5,搅拌溶解,过滤,得到克拉维酸钾的水溶液和不溶解的微晶纤维素固体。克拉维酸钾水溶液在0℃温度下用12g767型活性炭脱色。在脱色后的克拉维酸钾水溶液中,缓慢加入40倍异丙醇进行结晶,温度控制在5℃,慢速搅拌养晶2小时。结晶液过滤,用丙酮洗涤晶体三次,30℃真空干燥,得克拉维酸钾72.25g,收率76.00%。不溶解的微晶纤维素固体因其经济价值小,不予以回收。
实施例3
取不合格的阿莫西林:克拉维酸钾(2:1)混粉200g,在10℃温度下,加入32mL纯化水,用5%盐酸调节pH6.0,搅拌溶解,过滤,得到克拉维酸钾的水溶液和不溶解的阿莫西林固体。克拉维酸钾水溶液在2℃温度下用4g活性炭脱色,其中活性炭为772型和732型按照重量比1:1混合而来。在脱色后的克拉维酸钾水溶液中,缓慢加入45倍丙酮进行结晶,温度控制在3℃,慢速搅拌养晶2小时。结晶液过滤,用丙酮洗涤晶体三次,35℃真空干燥,得克拉维酸钾53.16g,收率78.02%。不溶解的阿莫西林固体用9.6L纯化水分3次洗涤,之后50℃真空干燥至水分小于13%,得阿莫西林105.68g,收率81.23%。
实施例4
取不合格的阿莫西林:克拉维酸钾(4:1)混粉165g,在15℃温度下,加入28mL纯化水,用10%盐酸调节pH5.5,搅拌溶解,过滤,得到克拉维酸钾的水溶液和不溶解的阿莫西林固体。克拉维酸钾水溶液在10℃温度下用1.2g862型活性炭脱色。在脱色后的克拉维酸钾水溶液中,缓慢加入25倍异丙醇进行结晶,温度控制在8℃,慢速搅拌养晶2小时。结晶液过滤,用丙酮洗涤晶体三次,25℃真空干燥,得克拉维酸钾24.63g,收率75.16%。不溶解的阿莫西林固体用3.3L纯化水分2次洗涤,之后40℃真空干燥至水分小于13%,得阿莫西林107.69g,收率84.18%。
实施例5
取不合格的阿莫西林:克拉维酸钾(7:1)混粉240g,在30℃温度下,加入48mL纯化水,用10%盐酸调节pH6.5,搅拌溶解,过滤,得到克拉维酸钾的水溶液和不溶解的阿莫西林固体。克拉维酸钾水溶液在15℃温度下用2.4g772型活性炭脱色。在脱色后的克拉维酸钾水溶液中,缓慢加入30倍丙酮进行结晶,温度控制在6℃,慢速搅拌养晶2小时。结晶液过滤,用丙酮洗涤晶体三次,20℃真空干燥,得克拉维酸钾20.78g,收率70.98%。不溶解的阿莫西林固体用9.6L纯化水分4次洗涤,之后60℃真空干燥至水分小于13%,得阿莫西林162.62g,收率82.39%。
验证例
本发明方法回收所得的克拉维酸钾与常规工艺生产的克拉维酸钾在含量、杂质等质量参数方面相当,完全满足中国药典2010版标准,具体参数如表1所示:
表1本方法回收所得克拉维酸钾的质量参数
Figure BDA0000479995890000041
本发明方法回收所得的阿莫西林与常规工艺生产的阿莫西林在含量、杂质等质量参数方面相当,完全满足中国药典2010版标准,具体参数如表2所示:
表2本方法回收所得阿莫西林的质量参数
Figure BDA0000479995890000051

Claims (10)

1.一种从克拉维酸钾混粉中回收有效成分的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)取克拉维酸钾混粉,在0~40℃温度下,加纯化水,用酸调节pH至酸性,溶解克拉维酸钾,过滤,得到克拉维酸钾的水溶液和固体不溶物;
2)得到克拉维酸钾水溶液加入活性炭脱色,脱色温度控制0~40℃;
3)加入20~50倍的醇类或酮类溶剂进行搅拌结晶,温度控制0~10℃,养晶2小时;用过滤装置过滤,晶体用丙酮洗涤,真空干燥2小时得到克拉维酸钾干品;
4)不溶物用纯化水洗涤数次,之后30~80℃真空干燥,得到干燥后的不溶物。
2.根据权利要求1所述从克拉维酸钾混粉中回收有效成分的方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中的酸选自如下的一种:盐酸、硫酸和醋酸。
3.根据权利要求1所述从克拉维酸钾混粉中回收有效成分的方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中的活性炭选自如下的一种或者多种:732型活性炭、862型活性炭、302型活性炭、767型活性炭和732型活性炭。
4.根据权利要求1所述从克拉维酸钾混粉中回收有效成分的方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中的醇类或酮类溶剂选自如下的一种:乙醇、异丙醇、丙酮和甲基异丁基酮。
5.根据权利要求1所述从克拉维酸钾混粉中回收有效成分的方法,其特征在于,步骤1)温度为5~20℃;纯化水的用量mL为混粉重量g的0.08~1.0倍;酸的体积浓度为1%~25%;pH为4.0~7.0;克拉维酸钾水溶液中克拉维酸的浓度为0.5g/mL~2.0g/mL。
6.根据权利要求5所述从克拉维酸钾混粉中回收有效成分的方法,其特征在于,步骤1)纯化水的用量mL为混粉重量g的0.2~0.8倍;酸的体积浓度为10%~20%;pH为4.5~5.5;克拉维酸钾水溶液中克拉维酸的浓度为1.0g/mL~1.5g/mL。
7.根据权利要求1所述从克拉维酸钾混粉中回收有效成分的方法,其特征在于,步骤2)活性炭的用量为混粉重量的0.5%~10%;脱色温度0~40℃。
8.根据权利要求1所述从克拉维酸钾混粉中回收有效成分的方法,其特征在于,步骤3)加入20~50倍的溶剂进行搅拌结晶;温度控制0~10℃。
9.根据权利要求1所述从克拉维酸钾混粉中回收有效成分的方法,其特征在于,步骤4)纯化水的用量L为混粉重量g的0.005~0.05倍;洗涤分成1~5次进行;干燥温度30~80℃。
10.根据权利要求9所述从克拉维酸钾混粉中回收有效成分的方法,其特征在于,步骤4)纯化水的用量L为混粉重量g的0.01~0.03倍;洗涤分成2~3次;干燥温度30~40℃。
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