CN103827599A - High-temperature heat pump and method of using working medium in high-temperature heat pump - Google Patents

High-temperature heat pump and method of using working medium in high-temperature heat pump Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103827599A
CN103827599A CN201280047153.0A CN201280047153A CN103827599A CN 103827599 A CN103827599 A CN 103827599A CN 201280047153 A CN201280047153 A CN 201280047153A CN 103827599 A CN103827599 A CN 103827599A
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equal
working medium
heat pump
holder
high temperature
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B.格罗莫尔
J.谢弗
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/13—Economisers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a high-temperature heat pump having a fluid circuit (1) for absorbing thermal energy through the fluid from at least a first reservoir (2) while performing technical work and for outputting thermal energy through the fluid to at least a second reservoir (3) for heating the at least one second reservoir (3). The present invention also relates to a method of using a working medium in a high-temperature heat pump of this kind, wherein the working medium is hydrofluoroether or fluoroketone.

Description

High temperature heat pump and in high temperature heat pump the using method of working medium
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high temperature heat pump, it has Fluid Circulation, for absorbing heat energy from least one first holder by fluid in the situation that consuming mechanical power, and by fluid, heat energy is supplied with at least one second holder, to heat described at least one second holder.In addition, the invention still further relates to a kind of in this high temperature heat pump the using method of working medium.
Background technology
Heat pump is a kind of machinery, and it absorbs heat energy from the holder that has lower temperature in the situation that consuming mechanical power, and with drive can together with pass to the system that has higher temperature that will heat as available heat.The holder that temperature is lower can be for example the rock from the air of surrounding environment or the liquid in the time utilizing underground heat and soil.But also can utilize in addition the waste heat source in industrial process.
With heat pump can heating building or obtain heat for industrial technical process.The system in high temperature levels that will heat supplied with available heat by high temperature heat pump.High temperature levels or higher temperature, be for example interpreted as temperature higher than 70 ℃.The temperature for heating that can reach by heat pump, depends primarily on the working medium using in heat pump.Normally a kind of fluid of working medium, it liquefies and discharges heat energy in the time being stressed compression.In the time being expanded to gas, fluid is cooling, and can absorb heat energy from the first holder.Therefore at circulation time, heat can from colder holder consuming mechanical energy continuously or pulsed be transferred to hotter holder.
The temperature that can be reached by heat pump in when heating is also relevant with the pressure in condenser except depending on the working medium of use, and condenser is also referred to as liquefier or condenser.In condenser, working medium is by absorbing heat energy liquefaction from the first cold holder.For example use carbon dioxide as working medium for high temperature heat pump.The boiling point of carbon dioxide in the time of 1bar is for example-57 ℃, and condensing temperature in the time of 26bar is for example-26 ℃.Come from the reason of environmental resistance, for example, relate to " global warming trend " and " ozone hole trend ", although carbon dioxide is a kind of desirable working medium, the critical-temperature of carbon dioxide is only 31 ℃.Higher than this temperature, even if use the highest pressure carbon dioxide also no longer can liquefy.
Therefore according to the feature of process control away from critical-temperature.So the output of heat after compression be not as to the working medium of condensation the in the situation that of specific temperature but carry out in large temperature range.Make thus heat for example be difficult to be used in generation steam.In addition, in heat pump, use carbon dioxide as working medium, based on the character of this material, with very high pressure correlation connection thereby apparatus expensive.
Hydrocarbon, as butane or pentane, based on their physical property, is more suitable under high temperature levels and prepares heat.It is-12 ℃ that butane for example has boiling point in the time of 1bar, and condensing temperature in the time of 26bar is 114 ℃.Certainly due to its good combustibility, cause its use to have knotty problem for the reason of safe practice.
Summary of the invention
Therefore the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, provide a kind of high temperature heat pump and a kind of in high temperature heat pump the using method of working medium, they are applicable to prepare heat in for example higher than the high temperature of 70 ℃, they are eco-friendly, and can be simple, low cost and for example due to low inflammability thereby there is no excessive risk and move.
The technical problem of the relevant high temperature heat pump solving solves by feature described in claim 1, and solves by feature described in claim 7 about the using method of working medium in high temperature heat pump.
By each autocorrelative dependent claims, known by high temperature heat pump of the present invention with by some favourable designs of the present invention's method that working medium is used in high temperature heat pump.Here, the feature of independent claims arranged side by side can be mutually and with the Feature Combination of dependent claims, and the feature of dependent claims can combine mutually.
Comprise Fluid Circulation by high temperature heat pump of the present invention, for absorbing heat energy from least one first holder by fluid in the situation that consuming mechanical power, and by fluid, heat energy is supplied with at least one second holder, to heat described at least one second holder.By the present invention, Fluid Circulation filling hydrogen fluorine ether or fluorinated ketone are as fluid or working medium.Also can use the mixture being formed by hydrogen fluorine ether and fluorinated ketone.
Hydrogen fluorine ether or fluorinated ketone can not burn, and thereby can use safely in the process of for example high temperature.Hydrogen fluorine ether or fluorinated ketone are environmentally friendly, because the increase of global warming or ozone hole is not helped by this type of material.The proportional critical-temperature as high in carbon dioxide of known hydrogen fluorine ether or fluorinated ketone.Therefore absorb the major part of heat, after compression a temperature, especially again discharge in condensation temperature.This makes for example time prepared by factory steam, more easily to utilize heat.Adopt working medium hydrogen fluorine ether or fluorinated ketone, high temperature heat pump can transition (transkritisch) operation critically under the low pressure of for example comparing during as working medium with carbon dioxide in order to reach very high temperature.The critical connotation of transition is in this article, compared with subcritical process control, in the time of described subcritical process control, working medium liquefies under stationary temperature, in the time of the critical process control of transition, the output of heat floating ground that is carry out the in the situation that of variations in temperature in postcritical scope.
Can comprise at least one vaporizer, at least one compressor reducer, at least one condenser and/or at least one choke valve part as Fluid Circulation by high temperature heat pump of the present invention.By prior art, for example, by known these parts of DE102007010646A1.In addition as synonym, compressor reducer also can use compressor, and condenser also can use condenser or liquefier, and choke valve also can use expansion valve, and this depends on the function separately of these parts.In Fluid Circulation, mobile fluid compresses in compressor reducer, cooling and give the second holder quantity of heat given up in condenser, reduce to flow into vaporizer by choke valve with speed or the pressure of regulation according to the hole of choke valve, expand there and from the first holder extraction heat.
Can use multi-stage compression device as compressor reducer, especially two stages of compression device.Adopt multi-stage compression device to promote the performance index of high-temperature heat-exchanging.
Saving device can be the part of Fluid Circulation.Saving device is additional Intermediate Heat Exchanger in Fluid Circulation.It,, by a part for the heat existing in liquid refrigerant after the second holder quantity of heat given up, is transferred to overheated gaseous working medium before compressor reducer.Can reach thus as working medium for example acutely overheated that sucks gas, thereby can guarantee to compress in the wet-steam region of working medium.Saving device causes improving efficiency or the effectiveness of high-temperature heat-exchanging.
Fluid Circulation can be sealing or closed.For fear of loss working medium, can select closed Fluid Circulation just.
Hydrogen fluorine ether is that a kind of chemical formula is C xf y-O-C mh nhydrogen fluorine ether, wherein x equal 3, y equal 7, m equal 1 and n equal 3, or x equal 4, y equal 9, m equal 1 and n equal 3, or x equal 4, y equal 9, m equal 2 and n equal 5, or x equal 6, y equal 13, m equal 1 and n equal 3.Hydrogen fluorine ether can be also that a kind of chemical formula is C 3f 7cF(OC 2h 5) CF(CF 3) 2hydrogen fluorine ether.In addition, hydrogen fluorine ether also a kind of chemical formula be CH 3cHO(CF 2cFH CF 3) 2hydrogen fluorine ether.Also can use a kind of chemical formula for CF as fluid 3cF 2c(O) CF(CF 3) 2fluorinated ketone.By in high-temperature heat-exchanging of the present invention, also can use other hydrogen fluorine ether or fluorinated ketones with good thermal characteristic as working medium, and the mixture being formed by different hydro fluorine ether or fluorinated ketone.
In described high temperature heat pump, especially the using method of working medium in the high temperature heat pump illustrating above by the present invention, comprise, when flowing in Fluid Circulation, working medium absorbs heat energy from least one first holder in the situation that consuming mechanical power, and heat energy is supplied with at least one second holder, to heat described at least one second holder.Wherein use hydrogen fluorine ether or fluorinated ketone as working medium.
The in the situation that of working medium condensation temperature or in the scope of working medium condensation temperature, compress after working medium, heat energy is flowed to described at least one second holder.Heat energy can be used in prepares factory steam.
Described at least one second holder to its heat supply, can have the temperature higher than 70 ℃.In order under low pressure to reach high temperature, high temperature heat pump can transition (transkritisch) operation critically.The compression of working medium can be multistage ground, especially carry out to two-stage.
Gaseous working medium can be acutely overheated, and therefore compression always finishes completely before the wet-steam region of high-temperature heat-exchanging.Overheated can realization by saving device, especially realizes by the sender property outlet of the heat of high pressure heat transmitter or condenser end portion being passed to vaporizer.
With the described advantage that the using method of working medium is associated in high temperature heat pump, to similar for the advantage of high temperature heat pump explanation above.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Describe the preferred embodiment of the present invention and according to favourable the further expanding described in the feature of dependent claims in detail by accompanying drawing below, but should not be so limited.
Represent in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates by high temperature heat pump of the present invention; And
Fig. 2 schematically illustrates the high temperature heat pump by Fig. 1, and it has additional multi-stage compression device and saving device.
The specific embodiment
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a kind of embodiment by high temperature heat pump of the present invention.This high temperature heat pump comprises Fluid Circulation 1, and hydrogen fluorine ether or fluorinated ketone flow therein as working medium.Hydrogen fluorine ether or fluorinated ketone are a kind of fluids that can exist with liquid state or gaseous state.Especially can consider to use chemical formula for C as hydrogen fluorine ether xf y-O-C mh nmaterial, wherein x equal 3, y equal 7, m equal 1 and n equal 3, or x equal 4, y equal 9, m equal 1 and n equal 3, or x equal 4, y equal 9, m equal 2 and n equal 5, or x equal 6, y equal 13, m equal 1 and n equal 3, or chemical formula is C 3f 7cF(OC 2h 5) CF(CF 3) 2, CH 3cHO(CF 2cFH CF 3) 2material, or can consider to use chemical formula for CF as fluorinated ketone 3cF 2c(O) CF(CF 3) 2material.Also can use other hydrogen fluorine ether or the fluorinated ketones with applicable physical property, for the heat of high-temperature level is provided.
The first holder 2 and vaporizer 4 thermo-contacts.Condenser 6 thermo-contacts of the second holder 3 and working medium.The first holder 2 has temperature T 1, it is lower than the temperature T of the second holder 3 2.In high-temperature heat-exchanging, temperature T 2can be higher than 70 ℃.
In vaporizer 4, in the time that working medium expands, working medium absorbs the heat extracting from the first holder 2.Gaseous working medium from vaporizer 4 is aspirated and compresses by compressor reducer 5.Thus by the pressure of working medium from P 1value is brought up to P 2value.There is the pressure P of rising 2working medium flow into condenser 6 from compressor reducer 5, there, in heat being supplied with to the second holder 3, be liquefied.Thus, consuming merit in the situation that, by compressor reducer 5 by heat from thering is lower temperature T 1the first holder 2, transmission or pumping are had a higher temperature T 2the second holder 3.Here, the first holder 2 is used as thermal source, and via the condenser 6 as heater, heat is supplied with to the second holder 3.
There is high pressure P from condenser 6 2working medium, through choke valve 7 again with pressure P 1flow into vaporizer 4.Closed fluid circulation 1 thus.In the case of using the device 4,5,6,7 and jockey, for example pipeline and seal of Fluid Sealing, can seal the Fluid Circulation of working medium, so do not have working medium enter surrounding environment or cause damage.Be in form the compressor reducer 5 of compressor by the pressure of working medium from P 1bring up to P 2, and through be in form the choke valve 7 of expansion valve by pressure from P 2be reduced to P 1.Therefore Fluid Circulation can be divided into one lower pressure P 1cold side, that is low-pressure side, and have elevated pressures P 2hot side, that is high-pressure side.Low-pressure side comprises vaporizer 4, and high-pressure side comprises condenser 6.
As shown in Figure 2, can improve the efficiency of high-temperature heat-exchanging by saving device 8, that is the ratio of the merit (being in form for example the mechanical power of compressor reducer 5) of the heat of pumping and pumping consumption.Saving device 8 can be designed as heat exchanger, the heat of its absorptive condenser 6 exit liquid refrigerants, and by heat delivery the gaseous working medium to vaporizer 4 exits.Can reach thus the overheated of gaseous working medium, thereby protect the compression of levying in the wet-steam region of condenser 6.
Replace single stage compress by the multi-stage compression that uses working medium, can promote the performance index of high-temperature heat-exchanging, that is the available heat of acquisition and the ratio of the driving-energy of use.
By using hydrogen fluorine ether or fluorinated ketone as working medium or fluid in by high-temperature heat-exchanging of the present invention and method, can be by heat from thering is lower temperature T 1the first holder 2, safety, protection of the environment and be pumped into efficiently and there is higher temperature T 2the second holder 3 in.
Hydrogen fluorine ether and fluorinated ketone can not burn, and thereby can use safely in the process of for example high temperature and by compression in the situation that.Hydrogen fluorine ether and fluorinated ketone are environmentally friendly, because do not help to global warming or for the increase of ozone hole by this type of material.Known hydrogen fluorine ether and fluorinated ketone have higher critical-temperature compared with carbon dioxide for example, and the major part that therefore absorbs heat can again be discharged after compression.By hydrogen fluorine ether and/or fluorinated ketone, high temperature heat pump can transition (transkritisch) operation critically in order to reach very high temperature, only need thus appropriateness, for example little pressure when using carbon dioxide.Therefore, by high-temperature heat-exchanging and the method for invention, in the situation that using hydrogen fluorine ether and/or fluorinated ketone, have series of advantages compared with prior art, typical working medium comprises butane, pentane or carbon dioxide in the prior art.Embodiment described above can combine mutually, and can with combined by the known embodiment of prior art.

Claims (13)

1. a high temperature heat pump, it has Fluid Circulation (1), for absorbing heat energy from least one first holder (2) by fluid in the situation that consuming mechanical power, and by fluid, heat energy is supplied with at least one second holder (3), to heat described at least one second holder (3), it is characterized by: described Fluid Circulation (1) fluid-filling hydrogen fluorine ether or fluorinated ketone are as working medium.
2. according to high temperature heat pump claimed in claim 1, it is characterized by, at least one vaporizer (4), at least one compressor reducer (5), at least one condenser (6) and/or at least one choke valve (7) are the parts of described Fluid Circulation (1).
3. according to the high temperature heat pump one of the claims Suo Shu, it is characterized by, multi-stage compression device (5), especially two stages of compression device (5) is the part of described Fluid Circulation (1).
4. according to the high temperature heat pump one of the claims Suo Shu, it is characterized by, saving device (8) is the part of described Fluid Circulation (1).
5. according to the high temperature heat pump one of the claims Suo Shu, it is characterized by, described Fluid Circulation (1) is sealing or closed.
6. according to the high temperature heat pump one of the claims Suo Shu, it is characterized by, described hydrogen fluorine ether is that a kind of chemical formula is C xf y-O-C mh nhydrogen fluorine ether, wherein x equal 3, y equal 7, m equal 1 and n equal 3, or x equals 4, y equal 9, m equal 1 and n equal 3, or x equal 4, y equal 9, m equal 2 and n equal 5, or x equal 6, y equal 13, m equal 1 and n equal 3, or described hydrogen fluorine ether is that a kind of chemical formula is C 3f 7cF(OC 2h 5) CF(CF 3) 2hydrogen fluorine ether, or described hydrogen fluorine ether is that a kind of chemical formula is CH 3cHO(CF 2cFH CF 3) 2hydrogen fluorine ether, or described fluorinated ketone is that a kind of chemical formula is CF 3cF 2c(O) CF(CF 3) 2fluorinated ketone.
7. the using method of a working medium in especially according to the high temperature heat pump one of the claims Suo Shu, wherein, when flowing in Fluid Circulation (1), described working medium absorbs heat energy from least one first holder (2) in the situation that consuming mechanical power, and heat energy is supplied with at least one second holder (3), to heat described at least one second holder (3), it is characterized by: use hydrogen fluorine ether or fluorinated ketone as working medium.
8. in accordance with the method for claim 7, it is characterized by, the in the situation that of working medium condensation temperature or in the scope of working medium condensation temperature, compress after working medium, described heat energy is flowed to described at least one second holder (3), and/or, by described heat energy for the preparation of factory steam.
9. according to the method one of claim 7 or 8 Suo Shu, it is characterized by, described heat energy is supplied with described at least one second holder (3), and it has the temperature higher than 70 ℃.
10. according to the method one of claim 7 to 9 Suo Shu, it is characterized by, in order under low pressure to reach high temperature, described high temperature heat pump transition moves critically.
11. according to the method one of claim 7 to 10 Suo Shu, it is characterized by, and the multistage ground of the compression of described working medium, especially carries out to two-stage.
12. according to the method one of claim 7 to 11 Suo Shu, it is characterized by, and gaseous working medium is acutely overheated, and therefore compression always finishes completely before the wet-steam region of high-temperature heat-exchanging.
13. in accordance with the method for claim 12, it is characterized by, and it is described overheated to realize by saving device (8), and it is described overheated especially to realize by the sender property outlet that the heat heat of high pressure heat transmitter end is passed to vaporizer (4).
CN201280047153.0A 2011-09-30 2012-09-21 High-temperature heat pump and method of using working medium in high-temperature heat pump Pending CN103827599A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011083840.6 2011-09-30
DE102011083840 2011-09-30
DE102011086476A DE102011086476A1 (en) 2011-09-30 2011-11-16 High temperature heat pump and method of using a working medium in a high temperature heat pump
DE102011086476.8 2011-11-16
PCT/EP2012/068645 WO2013045361A1 (en) 2011-09-30 2012-09-21 High-temperature heat pump and method of using a working medium in a high-temperature heat pump

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EP (1) EP2742298A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2014528053A (en)
CN (1) CN103827599A (en)
CA (1) CA2850396A1 (en)
DE (1) DE102011086476A1 (en)
RU (1) RU2014117522A (en)
WO (1) WO2013045361A1 (en)

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DE102013211087A1 (en) * 2013-06-14 2015-01-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for operating a heat pump assembly and heat pump assembly
DE102017208078A1 (en) 2017-05-12 2018-11-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus and method for increasing the heat output of a heat source
DE102020117899B4 (en) 2020-07-07 2022-11-17 SPH Sustainable Process Heat GmbH high temperature heat pump
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WO2013045361A1 (en) 2013-04-04
US20140245763A1 (en) 2014-09-04
CA2850396A1 (en) 2013-04-04
DE102011086476A1 (en) 2013-04-04
EP2742298A1 (en) 2014-06-18
RU2014117522A (en) 2015-11-10

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Application publication date: 20140528