CN103820740A - Ferrite heatproof cast steel, preparation method thereof and applications thereof - Google Patents
Ferrite heatproof cast steel, preparation method thereof and applications thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103820740A CN103820740A CN201410072239.XA CN201410072239A CN103820740A CN 103820740 A CN103820740 A CN 103820740A CN 201410072239 A CN201410072239 A CN 201410072239A CN 103820740 A CN103820740 A CN 103820740A
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- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 18
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- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 16
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- 229910000592 Ferroniobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- UNASZPQZIFZUSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidyneniobium Chemical compound [Nb]#C UNASZPQZIFZUSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention relates to ferrite heatproof cast steel and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method includes steps of melting an alloy, tapping molten steel, casting and performing thermal treatment. The alloy comprises following components by weight: 0.10-0.25% of C, 0.6-1.5% of Si, 0.2-0.6% of Mn, not more than 0.05% of P, 0.03-0.12% of S, 12-13.9% of Cr, 0.8-1.35% of Ni, 0.01-0.06% of N, 0.01-0.1% of Re, 0.15-3.0% of Nb and 0.01-0.8% of Al, with the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities. The ferrite heatproof cast steel has good high-temperature oxidation resistance, high-temperature fatigue resistance, good room-temperature toughness, and a low production cost and is suitable for producing components and parts of engine emission systems.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to production method and the application of a kind of cast steel material and this cast steel, the heat-resisting spheroidal graphite steel of the exhaust system component such as especially a kind of exhaust manifold of using for the production of motor car engine, volute, disjunctor volute exhaust manifold.
Background technology
Along with the harshness day by day that the whole world requires energy-saving and emission-reduction, motor car engine energy-conserving and environment-protective will face higher challenge, need to meet stricter requirement.Exhaust system component are if exhaust manifold etc. is as the key components and parts in motor car engine, and its quality directly has influence on work-ing life and the emission behavior of engine.At present, the engine of domestic and international high-end automobile production producer is in order to meet automotive energy-saving emission-reducing requirement, and exhaust temperature need to reach more than 800 ℃, could reduce like this discharge capacity of oxynitrides, carbonic acid gas, thereby reaches the emission standard of Europe IV, Europe V.
Conventional cast iron materials is difficult to reach so high service requirements, and New-type cast steel material is as a kind of special substance, and its thermotolerance, resistance to fatigue, erosion resistance, far away higher than cast iron, meet the needs of use.But austenitic heat resistant cast steel is higher owing to containing the more precious metal such as chromium, nickel production cost.In order to improve product competitiveness and Business Economic Benefit, meet the specification of quality of client to Heat resisting cast steel, in the urgent need to developing a kind of Heat resisting cast steel material of novel high-performance and low-cost simultaneously.
Chinese patent literature CN102301029 discloses a kind of ferrite Heat resisting cast steel and exhaust system component, the ferritic structure that this ferrite Heat resisting cast steel has comprises carbon 0.10～0.40% by percentage to the quality, silicon 0.5～2.0%, manganese 0.2～1.2%, phosphorus below 0.3%, sulphur 0.01～0.4%, chromium 14.0%～21.0%, niobium 0.05～0.6%, aluminium 0.01～0.8%, nickel 0.15～2.3%, and the iron of surplus and inevitable impurity.The content of this cast steel material chromium, aluminium, manganese is higher, and adds certain vanadium, and the unstable elongation of mechanical property is less.Chinese patent literature CN102822370 discloses a kind of ferritic series Heat resisting cast steel of normal temperature tenacity excellent and the exhaust system part being made up of it, and the content of the carbon of this ferrite Heat resisting cast steel, niobium, chromium is higher.Chinese patent literature CN1032680 discloses a kind of rare earth, high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel, and the content of the carbon of this ferritic series Heat resisting cast steel, rare earth, chromium is higher.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide one and there is good high-temperature oxidation resistance, high temperature anti-fatigue performance and good normal temperature toughness, and lower ferrite Heat resisting cast steel and this ferrite Heat resisting cast steel preparation method and the application of production cost.
The technical scheme that realizes the object of the invention is a kind of ferrite Heat resisting cast steel, and the component of alloy and mass percent thereof are: C:0.10%～0.25%, Si:0.6%～1.5%, Mn:0.2%～0.6%, P :≤0.05%, S:0.03%～0.12%, Cr:12%～13.9%, Ni:0.8%～1.35%, N:0.01%～0.06%, Re:0.01%～0.1%, Nb:0.15%～3.0%, Al:0.01%～0.8%, surplus is iron and inevitable impurity.
The one of technique scheme is preferably: the mass percentage content of above-mentioned Cr is 12.5%～13.9%.
The one of technique scheme is preferably: the mass percentage content of above-mentioned Si is 0.8%～1.2%.
The one of technique scheme is preferably: the mass percentage content of above-mentioned Mn is 0.4%～0.5%.
The one of technique scheme is preferably: the mass percentage content of above-mentioned Al is 0.01%～0.15%.
The one of technique scheme is preferably: the mass percentage content 0.61%～3.0% of above-mentioned Nb.
The one of technique scheme is preferably: the mass percentage content 0.61%～2.0% of above-mentioned Nb.
The one of technique scheme is preferably: the mass percentage content 0.61%～1.0% of above-mentioned Nb.
The technical scheme that realizes the object of the invention is a kind of preparation method of ferrite Heat resisting cast steel, comprises the following steps:
A. alloy melting: prepare burden according to the component of alloy and content, first end slag is packed in stove, then by carburelant, steel scrap, nickel plate, ferrochrome, ferro-niobium packs in alkaline induction furnace, after being all melt into molten steel, skim, make new slag, in the time that rising to 1530 ℃～1550 ℃, liquid steel temperature adds ferromanganese, ferrosilicon carries out pre-deoxidation, molten steel insulation also carries out spectral component analysis fast, then heat up and add sulphur iron, when liquid steel temperature is during higher than 1600 ℃, add silico-calcium reductor to carry out secondary deoxidation, when liquid steel temperature adds aluminium deoxidizer to carry out final deoxygenation during higher than 1650 ℃,
B. go out molten steel: in ladle, put into rare earth ferrosilicon and aluminium block, when liquid steel temperature reaches 1650 ℃, go out rapidly molten steel;
C. cast: pouring molten steel, in casting mold, is used to asbestos pushing off the slag in casting process, treat after cast finishes that casting mold is cooling, the cleaning of unpacking obtains blank;
D. thermal treatment: the temperature of blank is controlled to 850 ℃～1000 ℃, and insulation 1h～3h, then cools to 500 ℃ with the furnace, then be incubated 1h～3h, come out of the stove air cooling or furnace cooling.The one of technique scheme is preferably: in above-mentioned steps B, in going out molten steel, rare earth ferrosilicon and aluminium block are dropped in steel flow.Can improve the recovery rate of rare earth ferrosilicon and aluminium and keep the stable of recovery rate, prevent that rare earth and aluminium from being wrapped up by slag, can not be fully and molten steel effect.
The one of technique scheme is preferably: in above-mentioned steps D, the temperature of blank is controlled to 980 ℃～1000 ℃.The temperature of blank is controlled at more than 980 ℃, improves heat treated starting temperature and be conducive to austenitizing more fully and refinement even grained.
The one of technique scheme is preferably: above-mentioned silico-calcium reductor is low aluminium calsibar alloy.
The one of technique scheme is preferably: above-mentioned aluminium deoxidizer is fine aluminium.
The one of technique scheme is preferably: the alloy compositions of above-mentioned rare earth ferrosilicon and mass percent thereof are: Re:20%～25%, and Ca:2%～3%, Ba:3%～4%, Si:45%～55%, Mg:0.05%, all the other are iron.
The one of technique scheme is preferably: the rare earth element in above-mentioned rare earth ferrosilicon comprises Ce elements and lanthanum element, the mass percentage content > 20% of Ce elements in described rare earth ferrosilicon, mass ratio >=4 of Ce elements and lanthanum element.
The application of above-mentioned ferrite Heat resisting cast steel is the component for the manufacture of engine exhaust system, such as exhaust manifold, volute, disjunctor volute exhaust manifold etc.
The present invention has positive effect:
(1) the present invention is optimized the alloying constituent of ferrite Heat resisting cast steel, by reasonably reducing the add-on of chromium, manganese and nickel, the content of controlling the elements such as carbon, silicon, sulphur, increases a small amount of rare earth, niobium and aluminium, improve ferrite Heat resisting cast steel thermal fatigue property and high-temperature oxidation resistance.Reach sample (φ 10mm × 20mm) in 850 ℃ of atmospheric environments, insulation 200h, oxidation loss of weight is < 3.2mg/cm
2, rate of oxidation < 0.16g/m
2h; The thermal fatigue cycle index of normal temperature to 850 ℃ is greater than 1200 flawlesses and occurs, better or quite than the high-temperature oxidation resistance of austenite heat-resistance stainless steel (DIN1.4826).
(2) the present invention's rare earth used is rare earth ferrosilicon alloy, in rare earth ferrosilicon, the content of Ce elements is about 4 times of content of lanthanum element, and in rare earth ferrosilicon, the content of Ce elements is greater than 20%, this rare earth ferrosilicon contains a small amount of calcium, barium element simultaneously, effectively cleaning molten steel, the oxygen level in molten steel is reduced greatly, improve the structure of oxide skin simultaneously, the densification that oxide skin is become, in the environment for use of cold cycling, oxide skin difficult drop-off, thus thermal fatigue property and the high-temperature oxidation resistance of steel greatly improved.Meanwhile, rare earth has the form of steel inclusion of change, and rare earth is conducive to I type and III type inclusion forms, and eliminates II type familial combined hyperlipidemia inclusion, contributes to improve the over-all properties of material, rare earth on the impact of inclusion morphology as shown in Figure 25 and Figure 26.Ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of the present invention by controlling contacting of molten steel and air, is controlled at the content of nitrogen element between 0.01%～0.06% in process of production.Nitrogen element is in molten steel, although be strong austenizer, a small amount of nitrogen element energy crystal grain thinning, improves hot strength, reduces hot-short tendency.
(3) in the chemical composition of ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of the present invention, appropriate niobium element can form stable Niobium carbide, and crystal grain thinning increases hot strength greatly.The effect of each element can be effectively brought into play in the combination of chromium, rare earth, niobium, nitrogen, cleaning molten steel, crystal grain thinning, raising high temperature scale resistance, hot strength, cold and hot fatigability and reduction fragility.
(4) in the chemical composition of ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of the present invention, the content of chromium is controlled at (preferably between 12.5%～13.9%) below 13.9%, material after Overheating Treatment metallographic structure by two phase composites, first-phase is the pure ferrite of white, second-phase is white ferrite and the compound phase of black particle shape carbide composition, wherein the area occupation ratio of first-phase is less than 40%, and the best area occupation ratio of first-phase is 10～30%.The more chromium of solid solution in first-phase ferrite, second-phase is made up of delta ferrite+particulate carbide, the grain boundaries of two-phase the distributing carbide of small chromium and the carbide of niobium, in hot environment, be difficult for becoming the starting point of be full of cracks, thereby contribute to improve tensile strength, percentage of elongation and thermal fatigue strength and high-temperature oxidation resistance.
(5) ferrite Heat resisting cast steel room temperature tensile strength >=600MPa of the present invention, yield strength >=400MPa, elongation >=4%.This material yield tensile ratio is high, is greater than 0.6, represents that the plasticity of material is good, and the non-deformability of material is stronger, is difficult for occurring viscous deformation; Simultaneously, this material also possesses certain elongation (>=4%), illustrate that this toughness of material is better, be difficult for brittle failure and have good processing characteristics, the component of the Engine Exhaust Emission system of being made up of this ferrite Heat resisting cast steel can use in 900 ℃ and above tail gas environment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated.
Fig. 1 is that the picture 100 times time is amplified in the metallographic structure of the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is that the picture 500 times time is amplified in the metallographic structure of the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is that the picture 100 times time is amplified in the metallographic structure of the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of embodiment 2.
Fig. 4 is that the picture 500 times time is amplified in the metallographic structure of the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of embodiment 2.
Fig. 5 is that the picture 100 times time is amplified in the metallographic structure of the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of embodiment 3.
Fig. 6 is that the picture 500 times time is amplified in the metallographic structure of the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of embodiment 3.
Fig. 7 is that the picture 100 times time is amplified in the metallographic structure of the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of embodiment 4.
Fig. 8 is that the picture 500 times time is amplified in the metallographic structure of the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of embodiment 4.
Fig. 9 is that the picture 100 times time is amplified in the metallographic structure of the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of embodiment 5.
Figure 10 is that the picture 500 times time is amplified in the metallographic structure of the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of embodiment 5.
Figure 11 is that the picture 100 times time is amplified in the metallographic structure of the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of embodiment 6.
Figure 12 is that the picture 500 times time is amplified in the metallographic structure of the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of embodiment 6.
Figure 13 is that the picture 100 times time is amplified in the metallographic structure of the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of embodiment 7.
Figure 14 is that the picture 500 times time is amplified in the metallographic structure of the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of embodiment 7.
Figure 15 is that the picture 100 times time is amplified in the metallographic structure of the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of embodiment 8.
Figure 16 is that the picture 500 times time is amplified in the metallographic structure of the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of embodiment 8.
Figure 17 is that the picture 100 times time is amplified in the metallographic structure of the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of embodiment 9.
Figure 18 is that the picture 500 times time is amplified in the metallographic structure of the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of embodiment 9.
Figure 19 is that the picture 100 times time is amplified in the metallographic structure of the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of embodiment 10.
Figure 20 is that the picture 500 times time is amplified in the metallographic structure of the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of embodiment 10.
Figure 21 is that the picture 100 times time is amplified in the metallographic structure of the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of comparative example 1.
Figure 22 is that the picture 500 times time is amplified in the metallographic structure of the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of comparative example 1.
Figure 23 is that the picture 100 times time is amplified in the metallographic structure of the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of comparative example 2.
Figure 24 is that the picture 500 times time is amplified in the metallographic structure of the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of comparative example 2.
Figure 25 is the metallographic structure picture of ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of the present invention inclusion while normally adding rare earth.
Figure 26 is the metallographic structure picture of ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of the present invention inclusion while not adding rare earth.
Embodiment
(embodiment 1)
The alloy compositions of the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of the present embodiment and mass percent thereof are C:0.17%, Si:0.89%, Mn:0.46%, P:0.013%, S:0.11%, Cr:13.71%, Ni:1.3%, N:0.056%, Re:0.01%, Nb:0.51%, Al:0.10%, surplus is iron and inevitable impurity.
The preparation method of the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of the present embodiment, comprises following concrete steps:
A. alloy melting.
Prepare burden according to the component of alloy and content, first end slag is packed in stove, then by 0.1% carburelant, 74.33% steel scrap, 1.34% nickel plate, 22.2% ferrochrome, 0.81% ferro-niobium packs in stove, after being all melt into molten steel, skim, make new slag, in the time that rising to 1540 ℃, liquid steel temperature add 0.15% ferromanganese to carry out pre-deoxidation, molten steel surface carries out covering and heat insulating and carries out fast spectral component analysis, then heat up and add 0.35% sulphur iron, when liquid steel temperature is during higher than 1600 ℃, add 1.06% silico-calcium reductor to carry out secondary deoxidation, for the low aluminium calsibar alloy of Nanjing Pujiang alloy company production, composition: Si:70%～75%, Ca:2%～3%, Ba:6%～7%, Al<0.5%, all the other are iron.Add during higher than 1650 ℃ 0.03% fine aluminium to carry out final deoxygenation when liquid steel temperature.
B. go out molten steel.
Before going out molten steel, the dust foreign material of table etc. are cleaned up, and ladle must be clean, and will be baked to red heat state; In the time that reaching liquid steel temperature, liquid steel temperature goes out rapidly molten steel, before molten steel is come out of the stove, in ladle, put into the little aluminium block of 0.10% rare earth ferrosilicon and 0.12%, wherein the alloy compositions of rare earth ferrosilicon and mass percent thereof are: Re:20%～25%, Ca:2%～3%, Ba:3%～4%, Si:45%～55%, Mg:0.05%, all the other are iron, little aluminium block is fine aluminium.
C. cast.
Pouring molten steel, in casting mold, is used to asbestos pushing off the slag in casting process, after cast finishes, treat that casting mold is cooling, the cleaning of unpacking obtains blank;
D. thermal treatment.
The temperature of blank is controlled to 950 ℃, and insulation 3h, then cools to 500 ℃ with the furnace, then is incubated 3h, and the air cooling of coming out of the stove, obtains ferrite heat-resistant casting steel.
The metallographic structure of the ferrite heat-resistant casting steel of the present embodiment as depicted in figs. 1 and 2.
(embodiment 2)
The alloy compositions of the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of the present embodiment and mass percent thereof are C:0.20%, Si:1.29%, Mn:0.48%, P:0.013%, S:0.089%, Cr:13.36%, Ni:1.25%, N:0.059%, Re:0.041%, Nb:0.57%, Al:0.08%, surplus is iron and inevitable impurity.
The preparation method of the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of the present embodiment, comprises following concrete steps:
A. alloy melting.
Prepare burden according to the component of alloy and content, first end slag is packed in stove, then by 0.12% carburelant, 74.25% steel scrap, 1.29% nickel plate, 21.64% ferrochrome, 0.91% ferro-niobium packs in stove, after being all melt into molten steel, skim, make new slag, in the time that rising to 1540 ℃, liquid steel temperature add 0.18% ferromanganese to carry out pre-deoxidation, molten steel surface carries out covering and heat insulating and carries out fast spectral component analysis, then heat up and add 0.33% sulphur iron, when liquid steel temperature is during higher than 1600 ℃, add 1.62% silico-calcium reductor to carry out secondary deoxidation, for the low aluminium calsibar alloy of Nanjing Pujiang alloy company production, composition: Si:70%～75%, Ca:2%～3%, Ba:6%～7%, Al<0.5%, all the other are iron.Add during higher than 1650 ℃ 0.03% fine aluminium to carry out final deoxygenation when liquid steel temperature.
B. go out molten steel.
Before going out molten steel, the dust foreign material of table etc. are cleaned up, and ladle must be clean, and will be baked to red heat state; In the time that reaching liquid steel temperature, liquid steel temperature goes out rapidly molten steel, before molten steel is come out of the stove, in ladle, put into the little aluminium block of 0.30% rare earth ferrosilicon and 0.09%, wherein the alloy compositions of rare earth ferrosilicon and mass percent thereof are: Re:20%～25%, Ca:2%～3%, Ba:3%～4%, Si:45%～55%, Mg:0.05%, all the other are iron, little aluminium block is fine aluminium.
C. cast.
Pouring molten steel, in casting mold, is used to asbestos pushing off the slag in casting process, after cast finishes, treat that casting mold is cooling, the cleaning of unpacking obtains blank;
D. thermal treatment.
The temperature of blank is controlled to 980 ℃, and insulation 2.5h, then cools to 500 ℃ with the furnace, then is incubated 3h, and the air cooling of coming out of the stove, obtains ferrite heat-resistant casting steel.
The metallographic structure of the ferrite heat-resistant casting steel of the present embodiment as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4.
(embodiment 3)
The alloy compositions of the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of the present embodiment and mass percent thereof are C:0.21%, Si:1.15%, Mn:0.49%, P:0.021%, S:0.086%, Cr:13.18%, Ni:1.18%, N:0.051%, Re:0.07%, Nb:0.73%, Al:0.09%, surplus is iron and inevitable impurity.
The preparation method of the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of the present embodiment, comprises following concrete steps:
A. alloy melting.
Prepare burden according to the component of alloy and content, first end slag is packed in stove, then by 0.09% carburelant, 68% Heat resisting cast steel foundry returns, 24.95% steel scrap, 0.51% nickel plate, 5.59% chromium metal, 0.42% ferro-niobium packs in stove, after being all melt into molten steel, skim, make new slag, in the time that rising to 1540 ℃, liquid steel temperature add 0.1% ferromanganese to carry out pre-deoxidation, molten steel surface carries out covering and heat insulating and carries out fast spectral component analysis, then heat up and add 0.17% sulphur iron, when liquid steel temperature is during higher than 1600 ℃, add 0.37% silico-calcium reductor to carry out secondary deoxidation, for the low aluminium calsibar alloy of Nanjing Pujiang alloy company production, composition: Si:70%～75%, Ca:2%～3%, Ba:6%～7%, Al<0.5%, all the other are iron.Add during higher than 1650 ℃ 0.12% fine aluminium to carry out final deoxygenation when liquid steel temperature.
B. go out molten steel.
Before going out molten steel, the dust foreign material of table etc. are cleaned up, and ladle must be clean, and will be baked to red heat state; In the time that reaching liquid steel temperature, liquid steel temperature goes out rapidly molten steel, before molten steel is come out of the stove, in ladle, put into the little aluminium block of 0.46% rare earth ferrosilicon and 0.10%, wherein the alloy compositions of rare earth ferrosilicon and mass percent thereof are: Re:20%～25%, Ca:2%～3%, Ba:3%～4%, Si:45%～55%, Mg:0.05%, all the other are iron, little aluminium block is fine aluminium.
C. cast.
Pouring molten steel, in casting mold, is used to asbestos pushing off the slag in casting process, after cast finishes, treat that casting mold is cooling, the cleaning of unpacking obtains blank;
D. thermal treatment.
The temperature of blank is controlled to 910 ℃, and insulation 3h, then cools to 500 ℃ with the furnace, then is incubated 3h, and the air cooling of coming out of the stove, obtains ferrite heat-resistant casting steel.
The metallographic structure of the ferrite heat-resistant casting steel of the present embodiment as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6.
(embodiment 4 to embodiment 10)
Alloy compositions and the mass percent thereof of the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of embodiment 4 to embodiment 10 are as shown in table 1.
The preparation method of the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of embodiment 4 to embodiment 10 is identical with embodiment 2.
The metallographic structure of the ferrite heat-resistant casting steel of embodiment 4 to embodiment 10 is as shown in Fig. 7 to Figure 20.(comparative example 1)
The alloy compositions of the cast steel of this comparative example and mass percent thereof are C:0.21%, Si:1.59%, Mn:0.59%, P:0.015%, S:0.075%, Cr:21.47%, Ni:1.03%, N:0.055%, Re:0.01%, Nb:1.00%, Al:0.17%, surplus is iron and inevitable impurity.
The alloy melting of the cast steel of this comparative example, the method that goes out molten steel and cast are identical with embodiment 1, and the casting Heat Treatment Of Steel of this comparative example is identical with embodiment 2.
The metallographic structure of the steel casting of this comparative example is as shown in Figure 21 and Figure 22.
(comparative example 2)
The alloy compositions of the cast steel of this comparative example and mass percent thereof are C:0.21%, Si:1.46%, Mn:0.44%, P:0.024%, S:0.084%, Cr:20.12%, Ni:1.05%, N:0.048%, Re:0.03%, Nb:2.96%, Al:0.08%, surplus is iron and inevitable impurity.
The preparation method of the cast steel of this comparative example is identical with embodiment 2.
The metallographic structure of the steel casting of this comparative example is as shown in Figure 23 and Figure 24.
One, chemical composition
The chemical composition of the cast steel of the embodiment of the present invention 1 to embodiment 10 and comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 is as shown in table 1.
The chemical composition of table 1 cast steel
| ? | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Nb | Re | N | Al |
| Embodiment 1 | 0.17 | 0.89 | 0.46 | 0.013 | 0.11 | 13.71 | 1.3 | 0.51 | 0.01 | 0.056 | 0.10 |
| Embodiment 2 | 0.20 | 1.29 | 0.48 | 0.013 | 0.089 | 13.36 | 1.25 | 0.57 | 0.041 | 0.059 | 0.08 |
| Embodiment 3 | 0.21 | 1.15 | 0.49 | 0.021 | 0.086 | 13.18 | 1.18 | 0.73 | 0.07 | 0.051 | 0.09 |
| Embodiment 4 | 0.19 | 1.10 | 0.46 | 0.019 | 0.091 | 13.46 | 1.09 | 0.65 | 0.06 | 0.055 | 0.10 |
| Embodiment 5 | 0.15 | 1.14 | 0.48 | 0.020 | 0.088 | 13.85 | 1.18 | 0.60 | 0.08 | 0.051 | 0.07 |
| Embodiment 6 | 0.13 | 1.12 | 0.47 | 0.021 | 0.089 | 13.66 | 1.15 | 0.61 | 0.06 | 0.054 | 0.08 |
| Embodiment 7 | 0.14 | 1.16 | 0.48 | 0.019 | 0.091 | 12.85 | 1.20 | 0.72 | 0.06 | 0.048 | 0.07 |
| Embodiment 8 | 0.16 | 1.09 | 0.46 | 0.017 | 0.093 | 12.76 | 1.18 | 0.75 | 0.07 | 0.045 | 0.05 |
| Embodiment 9 | 0.15 | 1.08 | 0.46 | 0.019 | 0.086 | 12.68 | 1.16 | 0.83 | 0.08 | 0.051 | 0.06 |
| Embodiment 10 | 0.17 | 1.05 | 0.45 | 0.018 | 0.082 | 12.54 | 1.21 | 0.89 | 0.07 | 0.053 | 0.08 |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.21 | 1.59 | 0.59 | 0.015 | 0.075 | 21.47 | 1.03 | 1.00 | 0.01 | 0.055 | 0.17 |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.21 | 1.46 | 0.44 | 0.024 | 0.084 | 20.12 | 1.05 | 2.96 | 0.03 | 0.048 | 0.08 |
Two, mechanical property
The mechanical property of the cast steel of the embodiment of the present invention 1 to embodiment 10 and comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 is as shown in table 2.
The mechanical property of table 2 cast steel
| ? | Tensile strength Rm (RPa) | Plastic strength Rp0.2 (RPa) | Elongation A (%) |
| Embodiment 1 | 727 | 515 | 8.5 |
| Embodiment 2 | 716 | 504 | 9.5 |
| Embodiment 3 | 693 | 487 | 6.5 |
| Embodiment 4 | 705 | 496 | 5.5 |
| Embodiment 5 | 709 | 501 | 6.0 |
| Embodiment 6 | 701 | 492 | 5.5 |
| Embodiment 7 | 685 | 479 | 4.5 |
| Embodiment 8 | 680 | 484 | 5.0 |
| Embodiment 9 | 672 | 459 | 5.5 |
| Embodiment 10 | 675 | 458 | 5.0 |
| Comparative example 1 | 414 | / | 0.5 |
| Comparative example 2 | 511 | 326 | 4.5 |
Three, metallographic structure
See Fig. 1 to Figure 24, the metallographic structure of ferrite Heat resisting cast steel material after Overheating Treatment of embodiment 1 to embodiment 10 is by two phase composites, first-phase is the pure ferrite of white, second-phase is white ferrite and the compound phase of black particle shape carbide composition, and the area occupation ratio of first-phase is less than 40%.The metallographic structure of the cast steel of comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 material after Overheating Treatment is by two phase composites, first-phase is the pure ferrite of white, second-phase is white ferrite and the compound phase of black particle shape carbide composition, but the area occupation ratio of its first-phase is greater than 40%, this is mainly to cause because the content of chromium in chemical composition has exceeded 20%, can cause the performance of cast steel to worsen, over-all properties declines.
See Figure 25 and Figure 26, Figure 25 is the metallographic structure picture that meets the inclusion of the cast steel of ferrite Heat resisting cast steel chemical composition of the present invention, as can be seen from the figure adds the inclusion morphology of the cast steel after rare earth element to be: I, III type inclusion are carefully 1.5 grades; I, III type inclusion are slightly 0.5 grade, without II, IV type inclusion.Figure 26 meets ferrite Heat resisting cast steel chemical composition of the present invention but the metallographic structure picture that do not add the inclusion of the cast steel of rare earth, does not as can be seen from the figure add the inclusion morphology of the cast steel of rare earth element to be: I, III type inclusion are carefully 2.5 grades; I, III type inclusion are slightly 1.5 grades, 2 grades of IV inclusiones.
Four, resistance toheat testing data
1, high-temperature oxidation resistant test
Adopt standard GB/T/T13303-91 " the antioxidant property measuring method of steel ", get the sample of embodiment 1 to embodiment 10, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 and austenite heat-resistance stainless steel (DIN1.4826) in 850 ℃ of atmospheric environments, insulation 200h, the oxidation situation of sample is in table 3.
The high-temperature oxidation resistant result of table 3 sample
As shown in Table 3, the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of the embodiment of the present invention 1 to embodiment 10 is in 850 ℃ of atmospheric environments, and the oxidation loss of weight of insulation 200h is 2.4836 to 3.1592mg/cm
2(every square centimeter 2.4836 milligrams to every square centimeter 3.1592 milligrams), rate of oxidation is less than 0.16g/m
20.16 gram every square metre per hour of h(), there is stronger high-temperature oxidation resistance, better or suitable than the high-temperature oxidation resistance of austenite heat-resistance stainless steel (DIN1.4826).
2, thermal fatigue test
Adopt aircraft industry industry standard HB6660-1992 " sheet metal thermal fatigue test method ", the sample of getting embodiment 1 to embodiment 10, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 and austenite heat-resistance stainless steel (DIN1.4826) carries out after 1200 thermal fatigues circulations between normal temperature to 850 ℃, sample is detected with fluorescent penetrant, test-results is in table 4.
The thermal fatigue test result of table 4 sample
As shown in Table 4, the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of the embodiment of the present invention 1 to embodiment 10 is between normal temperature to 850 ℃, and thermal fatigue cycle index does not occur crackle 1200 times, suitable with austenite heat-resistance stainless steel (DIN1.4826).
Ferrite Heat resisting cast steel of the present invention and preparation method thereof is not limited to the various embodiments described above.Obviously, above-described embodiment is only for example of the present invention is clearly described, and is not the restriction to embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here without also giving exhaustive to all embodiments.And these belong to apparent variation that spirit of the present invention extended out or variation still among protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. a ferrite Heat resisting cast steel, is characterized in that: the component of alloy and mass percent thereof are: C:0.10%～0.25%, Si:0.6%～1.5%, Mn:0.2%～0.6%, P :≤0.05%, S:0.03%～0.12%, Cr:12%～13.9%, Ni:0.8%～1.35%, N:0.01%～0.06%, Re:0.01%～0.1%, Nb:0.15%～3.0%, Al:0.01%～0.8%, surplus is iron and inevitable impurity.
2. ferrite Heat resisting cast steel according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the mass percentage content of described Cr is 12.5%～13.9%.
3. ferrite Heat resisting cast steel according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the mass percentage content of described Si is 0.8%～1.2%.
4. ferrite Heat resisting cast steel according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the mass percentage content of described Mn is 0.4%～0.5%.
5. ferrite Heat resisting cast steel according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the mass percentage content of described Al is 0.01%～0.1%.
6. ferrite Heat resisting cast steel according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the mass percentage content 0.61%～3.0% of described Nb.
7. ferrite Heat resisting cast steel according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the mass percentage content 0.61%～2.0% of described Nb.
8. ferrite Heat resisting cast steel according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the mass percentage content 0.61%～1.0% of described Nb.
9. a preparation method for the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel described in any one in the claims 1 to 8, comprises the following steps:
A. alloy melting: prepare burden according to the component of alloy and content, first end slag is packed in stove, then by carburelant, steel scrap, nickel plate, ferrochrome, ferro-niobium packs in alkaline induction furnace, after being all melt into molten steel, skim, make new slag, in the time that rising to 1530 ℃～1550 ℃, liquid steel temperature adds ferromanganese, ferrosilicon carries out pre-deoxidation, molten steel insulation also carries out spectral component analysis fast, then heat up and add sulphur iron, when liquid steel temperature is during higher than 1600 ℃, add silico-calcium reductor to carry out secondary deoxidation, when liquid steel temperature adds aluminium deoxidizer to carry out final deoxygenation during higher than 1650 ℃,
B. go out molten steel: in ladle, put into rare earth ferrosilicon and aluminium block, when liquid steel temperature reaches 1650 ℃, go out rapidly molten steel;
C. cast: pouring molten steel, in casting mold, is used to asbestos pushing off the slag in casting process, treat after cast finishes that casting mold is cooling, the cleaning of unpacking obtains blank;
D. thermal treatment: the temperature of blank is controlled to 850 ℃～1000 ℃, and insulation 1h～3h, then cools to 500 ℃ with the furnace, then be incubated 1h～3h, come out of the stove air cooling or furnace cooling.
10. the preparation method of ferrite Heat resisting cast steel according to claim 9, is characterized in that: in described step D, the temperature of blank is controlled to 980 ℃～1000 ℃.
The preparation method of 11. ferrite Heat resisting cast steels according to claim 9, is characterized in that: in described step B, in going out molten steel, rare earth ferrosilicon and aluminium block are dropped in steel flow.
The preparation method of 12. ferrite Heat resisting cast steels according to claim 9, is characterized in that: described silico-calcium reductor is low aluminium calsibar alloy, and described aluminium deoxidizer is fine aluminium.
The preparation method of 13. ferrite Heat resisting cast steels according to claim 12, is characterized in that: the alloy compositions of described rare earth ferrosilicon and mass percent thereof are: Re:20%～25%, Ca:2%～3%, Ba:3%～4%, Si:45%～55%, Mg:0.05%, all the other are iron.
The preparation method of 14. ferrite Heat resisting cast steels according to claim 13, it is characterized in that: the rare earth element in described rare earth ferrosilicon comprises Ce elements and lanthanum element, the mass percentage content > 20% of Ce elements in described rare earth ferrosilicon, mass ratio >=4 of Ce elements and lanthanum element.
The application of the ferrite Heat resisting cast steel in 15. 1 kinds of the claims 1 to 8 described in any one, is characterized in that: for the manufacture of the component of engine exhaust system.
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