Background technology
Show according to clay fertilizer expert investigation: the utilization ratio of China's nitrogenous fertilizer only has 30% left and right, the 2000 ten thousand tons of nitrogenous fertilizer that will run off for a year, are equivalent to the annual production of 100 medium and small nitrogen fertilizer plants, and financial loss reaches 40,000,000,000 yuans.
Chinese environmental report has been issued the result of 40 emphasis section automatic water quality monitorings of national main river has been shown for 2006 the 36th week: due to a large amount of applied nitrogens of modern agriculture, not only underground water is caused to pollution in various degree, pollution in various degree is also caused in river, river, lake, the ratio that is subject to polluted waters accounts for 42.5%, and heavy contamination person accounts for 25.6%.Because amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer constantly increases, the nitrate content in agricultural-food also constantly increases, and badly influences mankind itself's health.
In recent years, China's nitrogen fertilizer amount soars, and be 39 kilograms of/hectare of the seventies, and be 130 kilograms of/hectare of the eighties, has reached 197 kilograms/hectare to the beginning of the nineties, reaches at present 211 kilograms of per hectares.The average per hectare nitrogen fertilizer amount in the world is 55 kilograms, and China's amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is more than three times of the average consumption in the world.
It is predicted, to the year two thousand thirty China's grain aggregate demand be 6,890,000~7,340,000 tons, Yao Shi China grain yield meets this demand substantially, to the year two thousand twenty, nitrogen fertilizer amount is current more than 2 times by increasing to.If can not reasonably utilize this part ever-increasing nitrogen fertilizer amount to drop into, if also as present stage, do not control the loss of nitrogenous fertilizer, will cause disastrous effect to environment for human survival.
Above factual data explanation, in China's agriculture production, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is low, loss is large, and fertilizer efficiency constantly declines, and agricultural product quality is degenerated, and agricultural cost increases progressively, and household income declines and the continuous deterioration of ecotope has been very important problem.Fertilizer utilization must " be increased income " and " throttling " lays equal stress on, and in the time increasing production, conversion and import, improve effective supply, notes making good use of chemical fertilizer, improves utilization rate of fertilizer.In order to give full play to the effect of fertilizer in China's agriculture production, the problem existing in must the current fertilizer of serious analysis, thus take effective measures and solve targetedly.
How to improve the utilization ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer and make nitrogenous fertilizer energy long-acting, then improve nitrogenous fertilizer content, reducing transportation and use cost is two hang-ups of domestic and international fertilizer field, is also study hotspot.Control and this two hang-up of solution, the people of let us drink clean water, and edible free of contamination fruits and vegetables grain leaves the soil that a side is clean to our descendants, and protection people's is healthy, is the duty-bound responsibility of agricultural science and technology worker.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is for solving above-mentioned technical problem of the prior art, a kind of nitrogenous more than 47% efficient solid-state nitrogenous fertilizer is provided, the weight percent of its contained urea, trimeric cyanamide, Dyhard RU 100, terpolycyantoamino-formaldehyde resin and five kinds of components of thiocarbamide is respectively: urea 30~55%, trimeric cyanamide 10~35%, Dyhard RU 100 10~40%, terpolycyantoamino-formaldehyde resin 1~5%, thiocarbamide 5-15%.Wherein said urea containing nitrogenous fertilizers amount >=46%, described trimeric cyanamide containing nitrogenous fertilizers amount >=60%, described Dyhard RU 100 containing nitrogenous fertilizers amount >=60%, described terpolycyantoamino-formaldehyde resin containing nitrogenous fertilizers amount >=50%, described thiocarbamide containing nitrogenous fertilizers amount >=30%.
The raw material of described efficient solid-state nitrogenous fertilizer is preferably at least two kinds and coating agent 3-5 weight part in Dyhard RU 100 15-25 weight part, urea 35-45 weight part and thiocarbamide 8-12 weight part.Trimeric cyanamide and terpolycyantoamino-formaldehyde resin that described coating agent is 10:1 by mass ratio, and make with the methanol mixed that trimeric cyanamide and terpolycyantoamino-formaldehyde resin mass ratio are 1:1.
The method of preparing nitrogenous more than 47% efficient solid-state nitrogenous fertilizer, step is as follows:
(1) urea, Dyhard RU 100, thiocarbamide are mixed, make mixture;
(2) mixture step (1) being made is through granulation under 100-300 ℃ of condition, and sieve is got the particle of particle diameter 1-3mm, makes granulated fertilizer;
(3) granulated fertilizer drying step (2) being made, makes the fertiliser granulates that water ratio is 0.5-3%;
(4) coating agent spray coating for fertiliser granulates step (3) being made, makes nitrogenous more than 47% high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer.
Wherein:
Urea is a kind of high density nitrogenous fertilizer, is that organic nitrogenous fertilizer belongs to neutral readily avaiable fertilizer, through the urase effect in soil, is hydrolyzed into after volatile salt or bicarbonate of ammonia utilization absorbed by crops.
Trimeric cyanamide is stable in properties at normal temperatures, the aqueous solution is weakly alkaline (pH value=8), can make melamine resin with formaldehyde condensation polymerization, can jointly form coating with melamine resin, in slowly providing nitrogen nutrient, stop the nitrogen loss of elements of urea.
Thiocarbamide can do germination stimulants, and urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor can be in providing nitrogen, delay the hydrolysis of urea, nitrogen element is slowly discharged and improve nitrogen element utilization ratio.
Employing of the present invention, urea, thiocarbamide, Dyhard RU 100, trimeric cyanamide, terpolycyantoamino-formaldehyde resin gradient provide nitrogenous source, due to difference and the equal physical property combination of solubization of the molecular weight of above raw material, the nutrient that forms notch cuttype discharges, thereby makes utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer bring up to 70%-80%.
After this product coating forms water conservation framework, the slow controlled release of nitrogen element of fertilizer is put, kept the long-acting type of nutrient, reduce nutrient loss, the sponginess that simultaneously improves soil forms crumb structure, plays the effect of exempting from deep ploughing.
accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the cumulative release curve of nitrogenous more than 47% efficient solid-state nitrogenous fertilizer of the present invention.
Embodiment
Nitrogenous more than 47% efficient solid-state nitrogenous fertilizer of the present invention, the weight percent of its contained urea, trimeric cyanamide, Dyhard RU 100, terpolycyantoamino-formaldehyde resin and five kinds of components of thiocarbamide is respectively: urea 30~55%, trimeric cyanamide 10~35%, Dyhard RU 100 10~40%, terpolycyantoamino-formaldehyde resin 1~5%, thiocarbamide 5-15%.Wherein said urea containing nitrogenous fertilizers amount >=46%, described trimeric cyanamide containing nitrogenous fertilizers amount >=60%, described Dyhard RU 100 containing nitrogenous fertilizers amount >=60%, described terpolycyantoamino-formaldehyde resin containing nitrogenous fertilizers amount >=50%, described thiocarbamide containing nitrogenous fertilizers amount >=30%.
The raw material of described efficient solid-state nitrogenous fertilizer is preferably at least two kinds and coating agent 3-5 weight part in Dyhard RU 100 15-25 weight part, urea 35-45 weight part and thiocarbamide 8-12 weight part.Trimeric cyanamide and terpolycyantoamino-formaldehyde resin that described coating agent is 10:1 by mass ratio, and make with the methanol mixed that trimeric cyanamide and terpolycyantoamino-formaldehyde resin mass ratio are 1:1.Above raw material is main but is not limited only to above raw material.
The method of preparing nitrogenous more than 47% efficient solid-state nitrogenous fertilizer, step is as follows:
(1) urea, Dyhard RU 100, thiocarbamide are mixed, make mixture;
(2) mixture step (1) being made is through granulation under 100-300 ℃ of condition, and sieve is got the particle of particle diameter 1-3mm, makes granulated fertilizer;
(3) granulated fertilizer drying step (2) being made, makes the fertiliser granulates that water ratio is 0.5-3%;
(4) coating agent spray coating for fertiliser granulates step (3) being made, makes nitrogenous more than 47% high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer.
embodiment 1
Nitrogenous more than 47% efficient solid-state nitrogenous fertilizer, feed composition is as follows, is weight part:
Urea 550kg, Dyhard RU 100 350kg, thiocarbamide 50kg.
Coating agent 100kg, wherein trimeric cyanamide 40kg, terpolycyantoamino-formaldehyde resin 10kg, methyl alcohol 50Kg.
The preparation method of above-mentioned nitrogenous more than 47% efficient solid-state nitrogenous fertilizer, step is as follows:
(1) urea, Dyhard RU 100, thiocarbamide are mixed, make mixture;
(2) mixture step (1) being made is through granulation under 200 ℃ of conditions, and sieve is got the particle of particle diameter 1mm-3mm, makes granulated fertilizer;
(3) granulated fertilizer drying step (2) being made, makes water ratio and is 2% fertiliser granulates;
(4) coating is carried out in fertiliser granulates coating agent step (3) being made, and makes nitrogenous 50.7% efficient solid-state nitrogenous fertilizer.
embodiment 2
Nitrogenous more than 47% efficient solid-state nitrogenous fertilizer as described in Example 1, difference is, feed composition is as follows, is weight part: urea 600kg, Dyhard RU 100 300kg, thiocarbamide 60kg.
Coating agent 80kg, wherein trimeric cyanamide 20Kg, terpolycyantoamino-formaldehyde resin 20Kg, methyl alcohol 40Kg.
Adopt the preparation method in embodiment 1, make nitrogenous 49.6% efficient solid-state nitrogenous fertilizer.
embodiment 3
Nitrogenous more than 47% efficient solid-state nitrogenous fertilizer as described in Example 1, difference is, feed composition is as follows, is weight part: urea 580kg, Dyhard RU 100 250kg, thiocarbamide 130kg.
Coating agent 100kg, wherein trimeric cyanamide 30kg, terpolycyantoamino-formaldehyde resin 20kg, methyl alcohol 50Kg.
Adopt the preparation method in embodiment 1, make nitrogenous 48.38% efficient solid-state nitrogenous fertilizer.
test one:
place:huaiyin District, Jinan City Wu Jia Bao Shifotun village peasant's greenhouse.
Time: winter in 2012
test is processed: A, B, tri-processing of C are established in test, wherein process A for using
embodiment 1nitrogenous fertilizer, treatments B is for using
embodiment 2nitrogenous fertilizer, processes C for using
embodiment 3nitrogenous fertilizer, processing D is conventional contrast, processing E is blank.
process A:base manure: chicken manure 1000 ㎏/mus, on conventional fertilizer application basis, base manure enriches
embodiment 1nitrogenous fertilizer 25kg/ mu; Topdress consistent with local conventional fertilizer application mode.
treatments B:base manure: chicken manure 1000 ㎏/mus, on conventional fertilizer application basis, base manure enriches
embodiment 2nitrogenous fertilizer 25kg/ mu; Topdress consistent with local conventional fertilizer application mode.
process C:base manure: chicken manure 1000 ㎏/mus, on conventional fertilizer application basis, base manure enriches
embodiment 3nitrogenous fertilizer 25kg/ mu; Topdress consistent with local conventional fertilizer application mode.
process D:chicken manure 1000 ㎏/mu base manure urea 50Kg, topdress consistent with local conventional fertilizer application mode.
process E:chicken manure 1000 ㎏/mus, topdress with local conventional fertilizer application one apply clear water replace.
table 1 is on the sponge gourd impact of breeding time
(3 yuan/kg of sponge gourd market assessment)
From the data analysis of table one and table two, the effect of using nitrogenous more than 47% efficient solid-state nitrogenous fertilizer on sponge gourd is fairly obvious, from yield data analysis, the average yield per mu of nitrogenous more than 47% efficient solid-state nitrogenous fertilizer has increased respectively 1309kg and 3487kg than contrast, and stimulation ratio is respectively 38.9% and 103.6%.Output is carried out to the results of analysis of variance and show, fertilizer is processed difference and has been reached conspicuous level, and effect of increasing production is obvious.
test two
place:xia Daogou village, Meng Zhuan town, center area of Zaozhuang city.
Time: summer in 2011
For summer corn, test processing mode is identical with test one.By simultaneous test, nitrogenous more than 47% efficient solid-state nitrogenous fertilizer effect of increasing production in summer corn fertilising is obvious: from milpa production status, be better than common urea Plant status.First nitrogenous more than 47% efficient solid-state nitrogenous fertilizer has slow-release function, and fertilizer efficiency period is long, stable to corn growth fertilizer efficiency in early stage, later stage fertilizer efficiency strengthens, and is conducive to the fruit ear growth of corn later stage, and fringe position is low, internode shortens, and plant is sturdy anti-fall, has improved resistance against diseases, especially to northern and southern leaf blight, bacterial wilt successful, from roasting kind, it is high 32.5 grams that fringe grain anharmonic ratio is executed common urea, thousand seed weight increases by 56 grams, and actual output reaches output 771.3kg/ mu, and stimulation ratio is 29.5%.
As can be seen from Figure 1 the release rate of nutrient becomes " S " shape, can be divided into three phases: slowly discharge the stage, raising speed stage, falling-rate period(drying) by nutrient release rate size.First 30 days nutrients discharge slowly, are slow release stage, and within the 30-80 day, for nutrient discharges the raising speed phase, it is that rate of release is accelerated gradually that this stage nutrient discharges special card, finally reaches maximum value, the 80th day later rate of release slow down, be falling-rate period(drying).Nutrient discharges initial stage 24h nutrient release rate and is less than 15%, in 28d, nutrient release rate is less than 75%, meet " slow release fertilizer " national standard that China 2009 formulates, guarantee the efficient function of slow controlled release of fertilizer, meet the nutritional needs rule of plant-growth, for growth and the volume increase of farm crop provide assurance.
Embodiment recited above is described the preferred embodiment of the present invention; not the spirit and scope of the present invention are limited; do not departing under the prerequisite of design concept of the present invention; various modification and improvement that in this area, common engineering technical personnel make technical scheme of the present invention; all should fall into protection scope of the present invention; the technology contents of request protection of the present invention, has all been documented in claims.