CN110183274A - A kind of coated fertilizer and preparation method thereof with slow control-release function - Google Patents
A kind of coated fertilizer and preparation method thereof with slow control-release function Download PDFInfo
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- CN110183274A CN110183274A CN201910524295.5A CN201910524295A CN110183274A CN 110183274 A CN110183274 A CN 110183274A CN 201910524295 A CN201910524295 A CN 201910524295A CN 110183274 A CN110183274 A CN 110183274A
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- fertilizer
- surfactant
- coated fertilizer
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- performed polymer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
- C05G5/38—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings layered or coated with wax or resins
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of coated fertilizers with slow control-release function, include the following raw material substance according to mass fraction meter: granulated fertilizer 90-96%, formaldehyde 1-5%, melamine 2-10%, pore-foaming agent 0.1-1%, surfactant 0.1-1%, surplus are water.The invention further relates to the preparation methods of coated fertilizer.Present invention process is simple, easy to operate, and the nanometer micropore functional material structure of formation is stablized, it is degradable, the sustained release of solid particulate fertilizer is realized, and nitrogen content can be improved when coating solid particle class nitrogenous fertilizer, all substances are environmentally safe, and the risk of environmental pollution is effectively reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fertilizer fields, and in particular to a kind of coating with slow control-release function containing nanoporous structure
Fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
China is a large agricultural country, and chemical fertilizer occupies an important position in agricultural production, according to FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation)
(FAO) it counts, chemical fertilizer plays the role of 40%-60% in improving crop yield.Crop is during the growth process to the suction of nutrient
Receipts are a slow processes, and the fertilizer in China be mostly it is water-soluble, after being manured into soil, most of nutrient also comes in fertilizer
Not as good as being absorbed by crops, just it is lost through rainwash and eluviation.The loss of fertilizer causes the huge of non-renewable energy resources
Waste and economic loss mainly include the following aspects: (1) fertilizer more importantly can cause damages to ecological environment
In the nutrients such as unabsorbed nitrogen phosphorus, enter water body through rainwash and eluviation, lead to water quality deterioration and water eutrophication
Change；(2) nitrogen being lost is reduced to NO, N by nitrification and denitrification effect in the form of nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen etc.2O isothermal
Room gas is discharged into and causes air pollution in the air.
The appearance of coated fertilizer provides an effective scheme for the solution of this problem.Coated fertilizer is to send out in recent years
Open up a kind of rapidly slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer, using water soluble fertilizer particle as core, the inorganic matter or organic of low aqueous solubility or microsolubility
Polymer is made coated fertilizer and is coated on fertiliser granulates surface, according to the fertilizer requirement of crop different growing stage come regulation and control
Nutrient release rate is able to maintain high yield under the premise of minimizing pollution, becomes agriculture green fertilizer.
The research of coated fertilizer at present is just towards intelligence, high efficiency, the trend of environmentally protectiveization, environmental-friendlyization hair
Exhibition, adheres to that the theory for walking sustainable development path matches with China, subtracts with China's chemical fertilizer and applies efficient strategy orientation and be consistent, because
How this makes coated fertilizer product adapt to the needs of modern agricultural production development, realizes the maximization of environment and economic benefit, is
The hot and difficult issue problem of current Plant Nutrition field sustained-controll-release fertiliser research direction.
Existing coated fertilizer is not degradable, and the slow release effect of fertilizer is undesirable, cannot achieve the effect of sustained release
Fruit.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of degradable, that realizes the sustained release of solid particulate fertilizer has slow controlled release
Coated fertilizer of function and preparation method thereof.
The specific technical solution that the present invention uses is as follows:
A kind of coated fertilizer with slow control-release function includes the following raw material substance: granulated fertilizer according to mass fraction meter
90-96%, formaldehyde 1-5%, melamine 2-10%, pore-foaming agent 0.1-1%, surfactant 0.1-1%, surplus are water.
" coated fertilizer " formaldehyde and melamine, coating quantity in the present invention " refers to coated fertilizer and urea granules quality
Percentage；The coating quantity of granulated fertilizer is determined according to the type of fertilizer and granular size and demand, is not coating quantity
It is The more the better, it is easy that controlled-release effect is not achieved very little；Too at high cost greatly, release time length cannot be with Crop growing stage phase
Match；Therefore, formaldehyde accounts for 1-5% in the present invention, and melamine accounts for 2-10%.
Preferably, the pore-foaming agent is selected from one of pentane, azodiisobutyronitrile；Melamine resin can be made to form micropore
Structure, and the size of micropore can be adjusted according to additive amount.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the melamine and formaldehyde is 3.5:1；It can be essentially such that formaldehyde reacts under the ratio
Completely, removing residue formaldehyde amount is few in system.
Preferably, the surfactant be selected from polysorbate series, fatty acid sorbitan series, Pluronic F127,
Any one of neopelex two or more is mixed according to arbitrary proportion.
Surfactant mainly influences the process of modified melamine resin polymerization, it is preferred that the surfactant is
The mixed surfactant of Pluronic F127 and neopelex composition.Pluronic F127 is nonionic table
Face activating agent, neopelex are anionic surfactant, Pluronic F127 and neopelex shape
Surfactant system in pairs controls the growth of modified melamine resin prepolymer.Wherein, Pluronic F127 may be used as sky
Between stabilizer prevent performed polymer particle agglomeration.
Surfactant mainly influences the process of modified melamine resin polymerization, it is preferred that the surfactant is
The mixed surfactant of Tween80 and neopelex composition.Tween80 is nonionic surfactant, ten
Dialkyl benzene sulfonic acids sodium is anionic surfactant, and Tween80 and neopelex form Dual Surfactants body
It is the growth to control modified melamine resin prepolymer.
Granulated fertilizer partial size too small coating when be easy to be adhered, partial size too large surface is uneven, and covered effect is bad；It is preferred that
, the granulated fertilizer is the urea of partial size 2-4.75mm.Fertiliser granulates are smooth in this particle size range inner apparent surface, favorably
In modified melamine resin polymerization in fertiliser granulates surface.
The invention further relates to the preparation methods of the coated fertilizer, include the following steps:
(1) melamine and formalin are mixed, is added water and stirred, temperature reaction obtains performed polymer；
(2) performed polymer is carried out adjusting acid；
(3) it adjusts the performed polymer after acid to mix with solid particulate fertilizer, pore-foaming agent and surfactant, curing reaction is added；
(4) cooling, it is dried to obtain coated fertilizer.
Preferably, in step (1), melamine and formalin is mixed, added water and stirred, triethanolamine or hydrogen is added
Sodium oxide molybdena adjusts pH to 9, is warming up to 60-70 DEG C of reaction and obtains performed polymer in 0.5-1.5 hours.PH value is adjusted to 9 being because in alkali
Property under the conditions of melamine and formaldehyde reaction, be with existing for the performed polymer of the small molecule of formation, when pH value lowers after in advance
Aggressiveness will aggregate into high molecular material melamine resin.Temperature and reaction time select the reason of this range to be: melamine
Reacting with formaldehyde at 60-70 DEG C can react abundant in 0.5-1.5 hours and form stable performed polymer.
Preferably, in step (2), to performed polymer use mass concentration for 0.5% hydrochloric acid, citric acid, ammonium chloride or
Careless acid for adjusting pH is to 5；In step (3), the performed polymer after adjusting acid is mixed with solid particulate fertilizer, and pore-foaming agent and surface-active is added
Agent solidifies 0.5-3 hours in 40-80 DEG C of roller.Hydrochloric acid, citric acid, ammonium chloride or oxalic acid mass concentration be 0.5% into
Row is capable of the speed of stability contorting performed polymer formation melamine resin when adjusting, concentration is easy so that rate of polymerization is too fast and makes greatly very much
It is blocking at short grained fertilizer adhesion, the too low easy lengthening polymerization reaction time of concentration and waste of resource；Selection these types acid
The reason is that react inviolent because these types of acid is weak acid, it is easy to control.
The present invention polymerize to form prepolymer using formaldehyde and melamine, and forms tool using surfactant and pore-foaming agent
There is the modification melamine resin of nanostructure micropore, which can directly be coated on solid particulate fertilizer table during polymerization
Face, is prepared into the coated fertilizer with slow control-release function, and fertilizer can be realized by the nanoporous structure above coated fertilizer
Slow release improves action time and the utilization rate of fertilizer, reduces fertilizer amount, improves crop yield.
Present invention process is simple, easy to operate, and the nanometer micropore functional material structure of formation is stablized, degradable, realizes solid
The sustained release of body granulated fertilizer, and nitrogen content can be improved when coating solid particle class nitrogenous fertilizer, all substances pacify environment
Entirely, the risk of environmental pollution is effectively reduced.
Applicable crops of the present invention: the industrial crops such as the grains such as corn, wheat and watermelon, capsicum.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the cladding schematic diagram of solid particulate fertilizer.
Specific embodiment
The invention will now be further described with reference to specific embodiments, the advantages and features of the present invention will be with description and
It is apparent.It should be understood that described, examples are merely exemplary, does not constitute any restrictions to the scope of the present invention.This field
Technical staff should be understood that without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention can details to technical solution of the present invention and
Form is modified or is replaced, but these modifications or substitutions each fall within protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention does not refer to that part is the prior art.
" coated fertilizer " formaldehyde and melamine of the present invention.
" granulated fertilizer " of the present invention is the urea of partial size 2-4.75mm.
Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention polymerize to form prepolymer using formaldehyde and melamine, and utilizes surfactant and pore
For dosage form at the modification melamine resin with nanostructure micropore, which is directly coated on solid particle fertilizer during polymerization
Expect surface, is prepared into the coated fertilizer with slow control-release function.
Embodiment 1
A kind of coated fertilizer with slow control-release function includes the following raw material substance: granulated fertilizer according to mass fraction meter
90%, formaldehyde 5%, melamine 2%, azodiisobutyronitrile 1%, Pluronic F127 0.1%, surplus is water.
The method for preparing coated fertilizer using above-mentioned raw materials substance, includes the following steps:
(1) melamine and formalin are mixed, is added water and stirred, triethanolamine is added and adjusts pH to 9, is warming up to 60 DEG C
Reaction obtains performed polymer in 1.5 hours；
(2) using mass concentration to performed polymer is 0.5% careless acid for adjusting pH to 5；
(3) it adjusts the performed polymer after acid to mix with solid particulate fertilizer, azodiisobutyronitrile and Pluronic F127 is added,
Solidify 0.5 hour in 80 DEG C of rollers；
(4) cooling, it is dried to obtain coated fertilizer.
Embodiment 2
A kind of coated fertilizer with slow control-release function includes the following raw material substance: granulated fertilizer according to mass fraction meter
95%, formaldehyde 1%, melamine 2%, pentane 0.1%, fatty acid sorbitan series 0.3%, surplus is water.
The method for preparing coated fertilizer using above-mentioned raw materials substance, includes the following steps:
(1) melamine and formalin are mixed, is added water and stirred, sodium hydroxide is added and adjusts pH to 9, is warming up to 70 DEG C
Reaction obtains performed polymer in 0.5 hour；
(2) mass concentration is used to adjust pH to 5 for 0.5% ammonium chloride performed polymer；
(3) it adjusts the performed polymer after acid to mix with solid particulate fertilizer, pentane and fatty acid sorbitan series is added, in 40
Solidify 3 hours in DEG C roller；
(4) cooling, it is dried to obtain coated fertilizer.
Embodiment 3
A kind of coated fertilizer with slow control-release function includes the following raw material substance: granulated fertilizer according to mass fraction meter
91%, formaldehyde 2%, melamine 4%, pentane 1%, surfactant 0.7%, surplus is water；The surfactant by
Pluronic F127, Tween80 and neopelex are 1:1:1 composition according to weight ratio
The method for preparing coated fertilizer using above-mentioned raw materials substance, includes the following steps:
(1) melamine and formalin are mixed, is added water and stirred, triethanolamine is added and adjusts pH to 9, is warming up to 65 DEG C
Reaction obtains performed polymer in 1 hour；
(2) using mass concentration to performed polymer is 0.5% lemon acid for adjusting pH to 5；
(3) it adjusts the performed polymer after acid to mix with solid particulate fertilizer, pentane and surfactant is added, in 50 DEG C of rollers
Middle solidification 2.5 hours；
(4) cooling, it is dried to obtain coated fertilizer.
Embodiment 4
A kind of coated fertilizer with slow control-release function includes the following raw material substance: granulated fertilizer according to mass fraction meter
92%, formaldehyde 2%, melamine 3%, azodiisobutyronitrile 0.8%, surfactant 1%, surplus is water；The surface is living
Property agent is made of Tween80 and neopelex according to weight ratio for 1:1.
The method for preparing coated fertilizer using above-mentioned raw materials substance, includes the following steps:
(1) melamine and formalin are mixed, is added water and stirred, sodium hydroxide is added and adjusts pH to 9, is warming up to 62 DEG C
Reaction obtains performed polymer in 1 hour；
(2) using mass concentration to performed polymer is 0.5% salt acid for adjusting pH to 5；
(3) it adjusts the performed polymer after acid to mix with solid particulate fertilizer, azodiisobutyronitrile and surfactant is added, in 70
Solidify 2 hours in DEG C roller；
(4) cooling, it is dried to obtain coated fertilizer.
The release performance of coated carbamide of the present invention measures
The coated carbamide Nutrient Release of different coating quantities is studied using 25 DEG C of constant temperature hydrostatic cultural methods, semimicro is triumphant
Family name's nitriding measures nitrogen content in water, calculates nitrogen content in urea and adds up release rate (see Table 1 for details).
Nitrogen content adds up release rate in urea under the different coating quantities of table 1
Note: " coating quantity " refers to coated fertilizer and urea granules mass percent.
Seen from table 1, the urea of non-coating was substantially completely dissolved at first day, and nitrogen all discharges；When coating quantity is
When 1%, substantially completely discharged in the 14th day nitrogen, accumulative release rate reaches 97.36%；When coating quantity is 3%, at the 56th day
Nitrogen substantially completely discharges, and accumulative release rate reaches 97.25%；When coating quantity is 5%, substantially completely released in the 84th day nitrogen
It puts, accumulative release rate reaches 98.25%.
Coated carbamide nutrient-lapsed time extends with the increase of coating quantity, wherein 5% coating quantity fertilizer releasing period is more than
84 days, therefore coating quantity can be reasonably adjusted to control the release of nitrogen in coated carbamide spy according to the difference of Crop growing stage
Sign meets crop nitrogen requirement, improves utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of coated fertilizer with slow control-release function, it is characterised in that according to mass fraction meter include the following raw material substance:
Granulated fertilizer 90-96%, formaldehyde 1-5%, melamine 2-10%, pore-foaming agent 0.1-1%, surfactant 0.1-1%, surplus
For water.
2. coated fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the pore-foaming agent is selected from pentane, azodiisobutyronitrile
One of.
3. coated fertilizer according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the molar ratio of the melamine and formaldehyde is 3.5:
1。
4. coated fertilizer according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the surfactant be selected from polysorbate series,
Any one of fatty acid sorbitan series, Pluronic F127, neopelex are two or more according to any
Ratio mixing.
5. coated fertilizer according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the surfactant be Pluronic F127 and
The mixed surfactant of neopelex composition.
6. coated fertilizer according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the surfactant is Tween80 and dodecane
The mixed surfactant of base benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt composition.
7. coated fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the granulated fertilizer is the urine of partial size 2-4.75mm
Element.
8. the preparation method of coated fertilizer described in any of the above-described claim, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
(1) melamine and formalin are mixed, is added water and stirred, temperature reaction obtains performed polymer；
(2) performed polymer is carried out adjusting acid；
(3) it adjusts the performed polymer after acid to mix with solid particulate fertilizer, pore-foaming agent and surfactant, curing reaction is added；
(4) cooling, it is dried to obtain coated fertilizer.
9. preparation method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that in step (1), melamine and formalin are mixed
It closes, adds water and stirs, triethanolamine is added or sodium hydroxide adjusts pH to 9, is warming up to 60-70 DEG C of reaction 0.5-1.5 hours
To performed polymer.
10. preparation method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that in step (2), use mass concentration to performed polymer
For 0.5% hydrochloric acid, citric acid, ammonium chloride or careless acid for adjusting pH to 5；Performed polymer and solid in step (3), after adjusting acid
The mixing of granulated fertilizer material, is added pore-foaming agent and surfactant, solidifies 0.5-3 hours in 40-80 DEG C of roller.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910524295.5A CN110183274A (en) | 2019-06-18 | 2019-06-18 | A kind of coated fertilizer and preparation method thereof with slow control-release function |
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| CN201910524295.5A CN110183274A (en) | 2019-06-18 | 2019-06-18 | A kind of coated fertilizer and preparation method thereof with slow control-release function |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117623825A (en) * | 2023-12-13 | 2024-03-01 | 史丹利农业集团股份有限公司 | Preparation method and application of stable fertilizer |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117623825A (en) * | 2023-12-13 | 2024-03-01 | 史丹利农业集团股份有限公司 | Preparation method and application of stable fertilizer |
| CN117623825B (en) * | 2023-12-13 | 2024-05-10 | 史丹利农业集团股份有限公司 | Preparation method and application of stable fertilizer |
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Application publication date: 20190830 |