CN103815868B - Full-eye optical coherence tomography - Google Patents
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Abstract
A full-eye optical coherence tomography instrument comprising: the system comprises a sweep frequency light source, an optical fiber polarizer, a first optical circulator, a second optical circulator, a first broadband polarization beam splitter prism, a second broadband polarization beam splitter prism, an anterior segment scanning imaging optical path, a fundus scanning imaging optical path, a third broadband polarization beam splitter prism, two reference mirrors, a fourth broadband polarization beam splitter prism, a fifth broadband polarization beam splitter prism, a second polarization maintaining optical coupler, a third polarization maintaining optical coupler, a first balanced detector, a second balanced detector, a function generation card, a data acquisition card, a computer and the like. The instrument is based on a sweep-frequency optical coherence tomography technology, and utilizes p components and s components of polarized light beams to image the fundus and the anterior segment of the eye respectively, so that three-dimensional high-resolution real-time imaging can be simultaneously carried out on the whole eye structure on the same system without any device conversion. The invention can respectively carry out optical path and dispersion matching and scanning setting on the anterior segment of the eye and fundus imaging, and can simultaneously obtain the optimal image quality and the optimal view field size of the anterior segment of the eye and fundus imaging.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to eyes imaging instrument and optical coherent chromatographic imaging (OCT) technology, especially relate to a kind of that adopt frequency sweep OCT technology, simultaneously can carry out imaging to full ocular structure instrument.
Background technology
The ophthalmic diseasess such as myopia, hypermetropia, cataract and glaucoma all can have influence on shape and the size of eyes.In order to check that the vision physiological caused because of ophthalmic diseases changes, while full ocular structure, high-resolution imaging is essential.Ultrasonic and nuclear magnetic resonance technique can realize full eye imaging, but the former is contact measurement, and the latter's instrument cost is high, and their resolution is too low and be difficult to effective tissues observed structure.Optical coherent chromatographic imaging (OCT) technology be a kind of can to tissue internal structure carry out the technology that three-dimensional high definition can't harm real-time tomography, be the best means of living human eye imaging, be applied widely in ophthalmology imaging and medical diagnosis on disease.Current OCT has developed time domain and frequency domain OCT technology, and frequency domain OCT comprises again spectral domain and frequency sweep OCT technology.Frequency domain OCT technology can obtain whole interference spectrum information in sample depth direction without the need to the axial scan of reference arm simultaneously, then obtains structural information through inverse Fourier transform, therefore has the detectivity of image taking speed and Geng Gao faster.
At document (the C Dai of the people such as Dai, et al.Optical coherence tomography for whole eye segmentimaging.Optics Express, 2012, 20 (6): 6109-6115.) and Chinese invention patent (application number: 201110195189.0) inner, propose the dual pathways full eye OCT imaging system based on spectral-domain OCT techniques, have employed respective independently two cover light sources, two cover reference arms, respectively imaging is carried out to anterior ocular segment and optical fundus with two cover feeler arms, and only make the sample arm light path of two cover systems be combined by an Amici prism, and share a set of sweep mechanism.This system also exists following deficiency: 1) light source is device the most expensive in OCT system, uses two light sources significantly can increase cost; 2) Amici prism used in sample arm, the illumination light signal intensity come from light source is reduced by half, and the light signal strength returned from sample will reduce by half again, and the extremely low efficiency of light energy utilization can reduce the detectivity of system; 3) many information of anterior ocular segment are all distributed in nasal side and temporo side, need large area scanning imaging, and the visual field of fundus imaging are very limited, and sharing a set of sweep mechanism can not carry out scan setting respectively according to the requirement of respective visual field size.
At document (the A H Dhalla of J A Izatt group of Duke University, et al.Simultaneous swept source opticalcoherence tomography of the anterior segment and retina using coherence revival.Optics Letters, 2012,37 (11): 1883-1885.) inner, propose the full eye imaging system based on frequency sweep OCT technology, in sample arm with the p component of polarized beam and s component respectively to anterior ocular segment and fundus imaging.They mate fundus imaging light path with reference arm light path, and make anterior ocular segment imaging optical path and reference arm path mismatch, thus make the eye fundus image that obtained by inverse Fourier transform and anterior segment image not aliasing, and can eliminate the conjugation illusion of anterior segment image.This system structure greatly simplifies, but also there is deficiency: 1) anterior ocular segment imaging optical path and reference arm path mismatch seriously, are difficult to obtain anterior segment image clearly; In addition, the two be made to interfere, swept light source must have very long coherence length, also namely requires that light source has very high length scanning resolution, and this brings difficulty to the making of light source; 2) the conjugation illusion on anterior ocular segment and optical fundus can not be eliminated simultaneously; 3) share a set of sweep mechanism, scan setting can not be carried out respectively according to the requirement of respective visual field size.
Summary of the invention
The technology of the present invention is dealt with problems: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of full optics of the eye coherence chromatographic imaging instrument is provided, based on frequency sweep OCT technology, utilize the p component of polarized beam and s component to carry out imaging to optical fundus and anterior ocular segment respectively, then obtain the three-dimensional high definition result of full ocular structure by image reconstruction.Therefore the present invention can respectively to anterior ocular segment and fundus imaging carry out light path and dispersion coupling and scan setting, optimum picture quality and the visual field size of anterior ocular segment and fundus imaging can be obtained simultaneously.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of full optics of the eye coherence chromatographic imaging instrument, comprising: swept light source, the optical fiber polarizer, first protects polarisation bonder, first optical circulator, first lens, first wideband polarization Amici prism, first reflecting mirror, first two-dimensional scanner, second lens, second wideband polarization Amici prism, 3rd lens, second reflecting mirror, beam expander, second two-dimensional scanner, second optical circulator, 4th lens, 3rd wideband polarization Amici prism, water box, first reference mirror, second reference mirror, first translation stage, second translation stage, 4th wideband polarization Amici prism, 5th wideband polarization Amici prism, second protects polarisation bonder, 3rd protects polarisation bonder, first balanced detector, second balanced detector, first single-mode polarization maintaining fiber, second single-mode polarization maintaining fiber, 3rd single-mode polarization maintaining fiber, 4th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber, 5th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber, 6th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber, 7th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber, function card, data collecting card and computer,
The optical signal that swept light source sends is after the optical fiber polarizer, two-way is divided into: route second single-mode polarization maintaining fiber transfers to the port a of the first optical circulator after transferring to first guarantor's polarisation bonder by the first single-mode polarization maintaining fiber, again from the port b outgoing of the first optical circulator, enter sample arm; Another route the 4th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber transfers to the port d of the second optical circulator, then from the port e outgoing of the second optical circulator, enters reference arm;
In sample arm, from the light beam of the port b outgoing of the first optical circulator, after the 3rd single-mode polarization maintaining fiber transmission and the first collimated, incident first wideband polarization Amici prism, here light beam is divided into transmittance and reflectance two parts: the p polarized light of transmission is successively after the first reflecting mirror, the first two-dimensional scanner and the beam-expanding system that is made up of the second lens and the 3rd lens, focused on optical fundus by anterior ocular segment, the second wideband polarization Amici prism is between the second lens and the 3rd lens; Reflection s polarized light successively after the second reflecting mirror, beam expander, the second two-dimensional scanner and the second wideband polarization Amici prism, by the 3rd lens focus joint before eyes;
In reference arm, from the light beam of the port e outgoing of the second optical circulator, after the 5th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber transmission and the 4th collimated, incident 3rd wideband polarization Amici prism, here light beam is divided into transmittance and reflectance two parts: the p polarized light of transmission is through after water box, and vertical incidence is fixed on the first reference mirror on the first translation stage; The s polarized light vertical incidence of reflection is fixed on the second reference mirror on the second translation stage; Water box falls apart for balancing the color caused by eyes;
The s polarization sample light returned from anterior ocular segment and the p polarization sample light returned from optical fundus, the port b of the first optical circulator is back to respectively along former road, again from the port c outgoing of the first optical circulator, and transfer to the 4th wideband polarization Amici prism by the 6th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber, here s polarization sample light reflects, and p polarization sample light generation transmission; The p polarization reference light returned from the first reference mirror and the s polarization reference light returned from the second reference mirror, the port e of the second optical circulator is back to respectively along former road, again from the port f outgoing of the second optical circulator, and transfer to the 5th wideband polarization Amici prism by the 7th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber, here s polarization reference light reflects, and p polarization reference light generation transmission;
S polarization sample light respectively from the 4th and the 5th wideband polarization Amici prism and s polarization reference light, after protecting polarisation bonder, be divided into two parts and the positive pole of incident first balanced detector of difference and negative pole receiving terminal separately by second; P polarization sample light respectively from the 4th and the 5th wideband polarization Amici prism and p polarization reference light, after protecting polarisation bonder, be divided into two parts and the positive pole of incident second balanced detector of difference and negative pole receiving terminal separately by the 3rd;
Swept light source sends sampling trigger signal while carrying out length scanning, removes the interference spectrum signal that control data capture card synchronous acquisition is received by the first and second balanced detector; The scanning drive signal provided by function generation card is synchronous with the sampling trigger signal that swept light source sends, and controls the first and second two-dimensional scanners respectively and scans; The Signal transmissions that data collecting card collects processes to computer.
Described swept light source is near infrared band broad spectrum light source.
The front focus of the second described lens and the back focus of the 3rd lens coincide, and the two forms a beam-expanding system.
The first described translation stage moves linearly with the first reference mirror, until the p polarization sample light returned by optical fundus and form interference fringe from the p polarization reference light that the first reference mirror returns.
The second described translation stage moves linearly with the second reference mirror, until the s polarization sample light returned by anterior ocular segment and form interference fringe from the s polarization reference light that the second reference mirror returns.
Described second and the 3rd protects polarisation bonder is 2 × 2 bonders with 50:50 splitting ratio.
The present invention's beneficial effect is compared with prior art:
(1) the present invention is in same set of system, changes without the need to any device, can realize the three-dimensional high definition imaging on anterior ocular segment and optical fundus simultaneously;
(2) the present invention can mate anterior ocular segment and the factor such as the light path between reference arm, optical fundus and reference arm thereof and dispersion thereof respectively, and the scan setting of anterior ocular segment and fundus imaging can be carried out respectively, thus optimum picture quality and the visual field size of anterior ocular segment and fundus imaging can be obtained simultaneously;
(3) the present invention adopts the frequency sweep OCT technology without the need to axial scan, and the sweep rate of existing swept light source high (10
3kHz magnitude is even higher), can realtime imaging be realized, be conducive to being reduced to as time the eye motion image fault that causes;
(4) the present invention adopts polarized light interference imaging technique, has certain Anti-Jamming to environment veiling glare.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is system structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is control system schematic diagram of the present invention.
In figure: 1. swept light source, 2. the optical fiber polarizer, 3. first protect polarisation bonder, 4. the first optical circulator, 5. the first lens, 6. the first wideband polarization Amici prism, 7. the first reflecting mirror, 8. the first two-dimensional scanner, 9. the second lens, 10. the second wideband polarization Amici prism, 11. the 3rd lens, 12. anterior ocular segment, 13. optical fundus, 14. second reflecting mirrors, 15. beam expanders, 16. second two-dimensional scanners, 17. second optical circulators, 18. the 4th lens, 19. the 3rd wideband polarization Amici prisms, 20. water boxes, 21-22. the first and second reference mirrors, 23-24. the first and second translation stages, 25-26. the 4th and the 5th wideband polarization Amici prism, 27-28. second and the 3rd protects polarisation bonder, 29-30. the first and second balanced detector, 31-37. first is to the 7th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber, 38. function card, 39. data collecting cards, 40. computers.
Detailed description of the invention
Structure such as the Fig. 1 of the full optics of the eye coherence chromatographic imaging instrument that the present invention proposes shows, comprise: swept light source 1, the optical fiber polarizer 2, first protects polarisation bonder 3, first optical circulator 4, first lens 5, first wideband polarization Amici prism 6, first reflecting mirror 7, first two-dimensional scanner 8, second lens 9, second wideband polarization Amici prism 10, 3rd lens 11, second reflecting mirror 14, beam expander 15, second two-dimensional scanner 16, second optical circulator 17, 4th lens 18, 3rd wideband polarization Amici prism 19, water box 20, first and second reference mirror 21-22, first and second translation stage 23-24, 4th and the 5th wideband polarization Amici prism 25-26, second and the 3rd protects polarisation bonder 27-28, first and second balanced detector 29-30, first to the 7th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber 31-37, function generation card 38, data collecting card 39, computer 40.
Swept light source 1 is the near infrared band broad spectrum light source of wavelength rapid scanning, the optical signal sent by it becomes line polarized light after the optical fiber polarizer 2, then two-way is divided into after transferring to first guarantor's polarisation bonder 3 by the first single-mode polarization maintaining fiber 31: route second single-mode polarization maintaining fiber 32 transfers to the port a of the first optical circulator 4, again from the port b outgoing of the first optical circulator 4, enter sample arm; Another route the 4th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber 34 transfers to the port d of the second optical circulator 17, then from the port e outgoing of the second optical circulator 17, enters reference arm.
In sample arm, from the light beam of the port b outgoing of the first optical circulator 4, after being transmitted by the 3rd single-mode polarization maintaining fiber 33, collimated by the first lens 5, then incident first wideband polarization Amici prism 6, here light beam is divided into transmittance and reflectance two parts: after the p polarized light elder generation of transmission after the first reflecting mirror 7 and the reflection of the first two-dimensional scanner 8, enter the beam-expanding system be made up of the second lens 9 and the 3rd lens 11, focused on optical fundus 13 by the directional light of beam-expanding system outgoing by anterior ocular segment 12, first two-dimensional scanner 8 makes the luminous point focused on optical fundus 13 carry out horizontal two-dimensional scan imaging.Wherein, the front focus of the second lens 9 and the back focus of the 3rd lens 11 coincide to form beam-expanding system, and the second wideband polarization Amici prism 10 is between the second lens 9 and the 3rd lens 11.The s polarized light of reflection is successively after the second reflecting mirror 14, beam expander 15, second two-dimensional scanner 16 and the second wideband polarization Amici prism 10, focused in anterior ocular segment 12 by the 3rd lens 11, the second two-dimensional scanner 16 makes the luminous point focused in anterior ocular segment 12 carry out horizontal two-dimensional scan imaging.
In reference arm, from the light beam of the port e outgoing of the second optical circulator 17, after the 5th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber 35 transmits, collimated by the 4th lens 18, then incident 3rd wideband polarization Amici prism 19, here light beam is divided into transmittance and reflectance two parts: the p polarized light of transmission is through after water box 20, and vertical incidence is fixed on the first reference mirror 21 on the first translation stage 23; The s polarized light vertical incidence of reflection is fixed on the second reference mirror 22 on the second translation stage 24.Water box 20 is for balancing the dispersion caused by eyes.
The s polarization sample light returned from anterior ocular segment 12 and the p polarization sample light returned from optical fundus 13, the port b of the first optical circulator 4 is back to respectively along former road, again from the port c outgoing of the first optical circulator 4, and transfer to the 4th wideband polarization Amici prism 25 by the 6th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber 36, here s polarization sample light is reflected, and p polarization sample light is transmitted.The p polarization reference light returned from the first reference mirror 21 and the s polarization reference light returned from the second reference mirror 22, the port e of the second optical circulator 17 is back to respectively along former road, again from the port f outgoing of the second optical circulator 17, and transfer to the 5th wideband polarization Amici prism 26 by the 7th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber 37, here s polarization reference light is reflected, and p polarization reference light is transmitted.
Respectively from s polarization sample light and the s polarization reference light of the 4th wideband polarization Amici prism 25 and the 5th wideband polarization Amici prism 26, after protecting polarisation bonder 27 by second, be divided into two parts separately and the positive pole of incident first balanced detector 29 of difference and negative pole receiving terminal.Respectively from p polarization sample light and the p polarization reference light of the 4th wideband polarization Amici prism 25 and the 5th wideband polarization Amici prism 26, after protecting polarisation bonder 28 by the 3rd, be divided into two parts separately and the positive pole of incident second balanced detector 30 of difference and negative pole receiving terminal.Second guarantor's polarisation bonder 27 and the 3rd guarantor's polarisation bonder 28 are 2 × 2 bonders with 50:50 splitting ratio.
First translation stage 23 moves linearly with the first reference mirror 21, until the p polarization sample light returned by optical fundus 13 and form interference fringe from the p polarization reference light that the first reference mirror 21 returns.Second translation stage 24 moves linearly with the second reference mirror 22, until the s polarization sample light returned by anterior ocular segment 12 and form interference fringe from the s polarization reference light that the second reference mirror 22 returns.
Control system of the present invention as shown in Figure 2.Send sampling trigger signal while swept light source 1 carries out length scanning, remove the interference spectrum signal that control data capture card 39 synchronous acquisition is received by the first balanced detector 29 and the second balanced detector 30; The scanning drive signal provided by function generation card 38 is synchronous with the sampling trigger signal that swept light source 1 sends, and controls the first two-dimensional scanner 8 respectively and the second two-dimensional scanner 16 scans; The Signal transmissions that data collecting card 39 collects processes to computer 40.
Above-mentioned detailed description of the invention is used for explaining and the present invention is described, instead of limits the invention.In the protection domain of spirit of the present invention and claim, any amendment make the present invention and change, all fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. full optics of the eye coherence chromatographic imaging instrument, is characterized in that: comprise swept light source (1), the optical fiber polarizer (2), first protects polarisation bonder (3), first optical circulator (4), first lens (5), first wideband polarization Amici prism (6), first reflecting mirror (7), first two-dimensional scanner (8), second lens (9), second wideband polarization Amici prism (10), 3rd lens (11), second reflecting mirror (14), beam expander (15), second two-dimensional scanner (16), second optical circulator (17), 4th lens (18), 3rd wideband polarization Amici prism (19), water box (20), first reference mirror (21), second reference mirror (22), first translation stage (23), second translation stage (24), 4th wideband polarization Amici prism (25), 5th wideband polarization Amici prism (26), second protects polarisation bonder (27), 3rd protects polarisation bonder (28), first balanced detector (29), second balanced detector (30), first single-mode polarization maintaining fiber (31), second single-mode polarization maintaining fiber (32), 3rd single-mode polarization maintaining fiber (33), 4th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber (34), 5th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber (35), 6th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber (36), 7th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber (37), function card (38), data collecting card (39) and computer (40),
The optical signal that swept light source (1) sends is divided into two-way transfer to first guarantor's polarisation bonder (3) by the first single-mode polarization maintaining fiber (31) after the optical fiber polarizer (2) after, one route second single-mode polarization maintaining fiber (32) transfers to the port a of the first optical circulator (4), again from the port b outgoing of the first optical circulator (4), enter sample arm; Another route the 4th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber (34) transfers to the port d of the second optical circulator (17), then from the port e outgoing of the second optical circulator (17), enters reference arm;
In sample arm, from the light beam of the port b outgoing of the first optical circulator (4), after the 3rd single-mode polarization maintaining fiber (33) transmission and the first lens (5) collimation, incident first wideband polarization Amici prism (6), here light beam is divided into transmittance and reflectance two parts: the p polarized light of transmission is successively through the first reflecting mirror (7), after first two-dimensional scanner (8) and the beam-expanding system that is made up of the second lens (9) and the 3rd lens (11), focused on optical fundus (13) by anterior ocular segment (12), second wideband polarization Amici prism (10) is positioned between the second lens (9) and the 3rd lens (11), the s polarized light of reflection, successively after the second reflecting mirror (14), beam expander (15), the second two-dimensional scanner (16) and the second wideband polarization Amici prism (10), is focused in anterior ocular segment (12) by the 3rd lens (11),
In reference arm, from the light beam of the port e outgoing of the second optical circulator (17), after the 5th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber (35) transmission and the 4th lens (18) collimation, incident 3rd wideband polarization Amici prism (19), here light beam is divided into transmittance and reflectance two parts: the p polarized light of transmission is through after water box (20), and vertical incidence is fixed on the first reference mirror (21) on the first translation stage (23); The s polarized light vertical incidence of reflection is fixed on the second reference mirror (22) on the second translation stage (24); Water box (20) falls apart for balancing the color caused by eyes;
The s polarization sample light returned from anterior ocular segment (12) and the p polarization sample light returned from optical fundus (13), the port b of the first optical circulator (4) is back to respectively along former road, again from the port c outgoing of the first optical circulator (4), and transfer to the 4th wideband polarization Amici prism (25) by the 6th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber (36), here s polarization sample light reflects, and p polarization sample light generation transmission; The p polarization reference light returned from the first reference mirror (21) and the s polarization reference light returned from the second reference mirror (22), the port e of the second optical circulator (17) is back to respectively along former road, again from the port f outgoing of the second optical circulator (17), and transfer to the 5th wideband polarization Amici prism (26) by the 7th single-mode polarization maintaining fiber (37), here s polarization reference light reflects, and p polarization reference light generation transmission;
The s polarization sample light come from the 4th wideband polarization Amici prism (25) and the 5th wideband polarization Amici prism (26) respectively and s polarization reference light, after protecting polarisation bonder (27) by second, be divided into two parts separately and the positive pole of incident first balanced detector (29) of difference and negative pole receiving terminal; The p polarization sample light come from the 4th wideband polarization Amici prism (25) and the 5th wideband polarization Amici prism (26) respectively and p polarization reference light, after protecting polarisation bonder (28) by the 3rd, be divided into two parts separately and the positive pole of incident second balanced detector (30) of difference and negative pole receiving terminal;
Send sampling trigger signal while swept light source (1) carries out length scanning, remove the interference spectrum signal that control data capture card (39) synchronous acquisition is received by the first balanced detector (29) and the second balanced detector (30); The scanning drive signal provided by function card (38) is synchronous with the sampling trigger signal that swept light source (1) sends, and controls the first two-dimensional scanner (8) respectively and the second two-dimensional scanner (16) scans; The Signal transmissions that data collecting card (39) collects processes to computer (40).
2. full optics of the eye coherence chromatographic imaging instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described swept light source (1) is near infrared band broad spectrum light source.
3. full optics of the eye coherence chromatographic imaging instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the front focus of described the second lens (9) and the back focus of the 3rd lens (11) coincide, and the two forms a beam-expanding system.
4. full optics of the eye coherence chromatographic imaging instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described the first translation stage (23) moves linearly with the first reference mirror (21), until the p polarization sample light returned by optical fundus (13) and form interference fringe from the p polarization reference light that the first reference mirror (21) returns.
5. full optics of the eye coherence chromatographic imaging instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described the second translation stage (24) moves linearly with the second reference mirror (22), until the s polarization sample light returned by anterior ocular segment (12) and form interference fringe from the s polarization reference light that the second reference mirror (22) returns.
6. full optics of the eye coherence chromatographic imaging instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described second and the 3rd protects polarisation bonder (27,28) for having 2 × 2 bonders of 50:50 splitting ratio.
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