CN110013212B - Multi-parameter and multi-functional eye measuring instrument based on optical coherence tomography - Google Patents
Multi-parameter and multi-functional eye measuring instrument based on optical coherence tomography Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012014 optical coherence tomography Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000006386 memory function Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 210000002159 anterior chamber Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000001525 retina Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004459 microsaccades Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001110 axial length eye Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000030533 eye disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011158 quantitative evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002207 retinal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/0016—Operational features thereof
- A61B3/0025—Operational features thereof characterised by electronic signal processing, e.g. eye models
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
- A61B3/102—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for optical coherence tomography [OCT]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
- A61B3/117—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for examining the anterior chamber or the anterior chamber angle, e.g. gonioscopes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
- A61B3/12—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for looking at the eye fundus, e.g. ophthalmoscopes
- A61B3/1225—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for looking at the eye fundus, e.g. ophthalmoscopes using coherent radiation
Abstract
The invention provides a multi-parameter and multifunctional eye measuring instrument based on optical coherence tomography; the measuring instrument disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, reasonable design, convenience in optical path regulation and control, realization of conversion between the time domain and the frequency domain of the OCT reference arm optical path, capability of enabling a single device to have multiple imaging functions, capability of greatly improving the performance of the device, capability of meeting common ophthalmic measurement requirements, convenience for a doctor to obtain parameters of each part of a measured eye, and capability of saving the purchase cost, maintenance cost and operation training cost of the corresponding device and management cost of the device.
Description
The invention belongs to the technical field of ophthalmic examination instruments, and particularly relates to a multi-parameter and multifunctional eye measuring instrument based on optical coherence tomography.
Background
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is an emerging imaging technique, which has the advantages of non-invasive, nondestructive, high-resolution, quantitative evaluation in living body, etc. with the deep research, the working principle is to use the low-coherence interference principle in combination with confocal scanning to perform high-resolution tomographic scanning on microstructures inside biological tissues or other scattering media, and reconstruct images of the sample to be measured through a computer. With the development of corresponding software algorithms, the method has been widely applied to clinical applications such as blood flow imaging, eye detection and the like. Among them, in terms of eye detection, OCT has become a "gold standard" of eye detection due to its superior resolution.
OCT is currently divided into two main categories: time domain TD-OCT and frequency domain SD-OCT. The working principle of the TD-OCT is that light emitted by a low-coherence light source is divided into two beams of light at an optical fiber coupler, one beam of reference light is reflected back when reaching a plane mirror, the other beam of measuring light is reflected back when reaching a sample, the reference light is reflected back after being scattered back by the sample, and the backward scattered light generated by the reference light and the measuring light on the sample is interfered at the optical fiber coupler. Then the photoelectric sensor receives and processes the interference signal, and finally the tomographic image of the sample is obtained through computer processing. By scanning the longitudinal reference arm, point-by-point acquisition of longitudinal information (depth direction) inside the sample is realized. Due to the limitation of the scanning mechanism, the axial line scanning speed (A-line) of the TD-OCT is generally limited to 2-4kHz, and the imaging speed of the TD-OCT is greatly limited.
Different from the working principle of the TD-OCT system, the SD-OCT replaces a photoelectric sensor with a spectrometer at a light receiving end, and a longitudinal scanning reference arm is not needed, so that the scanning speed is improved, and the stability is improved. Specifically, interference spectrum data received by a spectrometer is analyzed through inverse Fourier transform, longitudinal information of a measured substance is finally obtained, and acquisition and analysis of image data are completed through a computer. The design of the system realizes the effective conversion of two optical paths through the time domain and frequency domain optical path changing device, achieves the multi-parameter detection of each part of the eyes and realizes the multifunction of the measuring instrument.
Currently, the ophthalmic examination instruments on the market are all used for imaging retina by adopting single TD-OCT or SD-OCT aiming at a certain eye parameter target, such as measuring the eye axial length, and the like, and can meet clinical requirements on single target imaging. However, if imaging and examining are required for a plurality of targets, a plurality of examination instruments are required, and as the research on eye diseases is advanced, some diseases are associated with a plurality of parts of eyes, namely ophthalmic diseases occur, and morphological structure imaging is required for the plurality of parts.
Therefore, the conventional ophthalmic examination apparatus for a single target is difficult to meet the actual requirement by one examination item, and a plurality of examination devices are required to detect the patient. This increases not only the purchase cost of the inspection instrument but also the maintenance cost of the machine, the training cost of the relevant personnel, and so on.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-parameter and multifunctional eye measuring instrument which can measure a plurality of parameters including the parameters of anterior ocular segment, retina, axial length of eye, and the like at one time aiming at the defects of the prior ophthalmic examination instrument.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a multi-parameter and multi-functional eye measuring instrument based on optical coherence tomography comprises a light source, a light coupler, a reference arm, a sample arm, a detector and a processor;
the light source is used for providing an initial light beam;
the optical fiber coupler is used for dividing the initial light beam into two parts, respectively entering the reference arm and the sample arm, and receiving the light beams returned by the reference arm and the sample arm;
the reference arm comprises a frequency domain module and a time domain module which are arranged in parallel, the frequency domain module comprises a collimating mirror and a frequency domain zero optical path position changing device, and the time domain module comprises a collimating mirror and a time domain optical delay line device;
the sample arm is used for scanning the eye to be detected;
the detector is used for receiving interference formed by interference of light beams returned by the reference arm and the sample arm and converting the interference into an electric signal; the device comprises a spectrometer and a photoelectric sensor which are arranged in parallel;
the processor is configured to receive the electrical signal and image.
The eye measuring instrument is characterized in that a frequency domain zero optical path position changing device, a time domain optical delay line device, a spectrometer and a photoelectric sensor are respectively arranged on a sample arm and a detector in parallel; therefore, the light beam emitted by the light source can select the frequency domain optical path, and the frequency domain optical path can also be selected, and the specific frequency domain optical path is as follows: the light emitted by the light source is divided into two parts by the optical fiber coupler, one beam enters the reference arm, the beam entering the reference arm can enter the frequency domain module by the frequency domain zero optical path position changing device, and finally the light returned by the reflecting mirror interferes with the light returned by the sample arm, so that the light is detected and imaged by the spectrometer; the time domain optical path is: light emitted by the light source is divided into two parts through the optical fiber coupler, one beam enters the reference arm, the beam entering the reference arm can enter the time domain module through the optical delay line device, and finally, the light returned by the reflecting mirror interferes with the light returned by the sample arm, so that the photoelectric detector and the processor detect imaging.
Thus, the time domain OCT module can be used for measuring the axial length of the eye respectively, and the frequency domain OCT module can be used for imaging the eye so as to realize the inspection of multiple parts of the eye.
Further, the frequency domain zero optical path position changing device includes: the collimating lens and the movable plane mirror are simple in structure and convenient for optical path adjustment and correspondence.
Preferably, the movable mirror comprises a motor driven rail and a mirror positioned on the rail.
The time domain optical delay line device is mainly used for quickly changing the optical path of the reference arm, and preferably, the time domain optical delay line device comprises a round turntable and a plurality of reflectors fixed on the turntable at a certain angle, and has a simple structure and is convenient for adjusting and corresponding optical path.
Further, the light source is a laser light source with a center wavelength of 840nm and a bandwidth range of 49nm, and the average power is 20mW. The use of near infrared light waves can reduce tissue scattering to achieve greater imaging depth; the narrow bandwidth ensures that the image is not affected by unavoidable movements of the eye itself, such as micro saccades.
Further, the sample arm comprises a collimating lens, a fast scanning vibrating lens, a slow scanning vibrating lens, a first lens group and a second lens group, after light enters, the light sequentially passes through the collimating lens, the fast scanning vibrating lens and the slow scanning vibrating lens and then enters the first lens group or the second lens group, the first lens group is a divergent lens group, the second lens group is a condensing lens group, and the first lens group and the second lens group can be switched. The first lens group is a divergent lens group, so that the scanning light is parallel light before entering the eye, and then can be focused on the fundus after passing through a light system of the eye, thereby imaging the fundus; the second lens group is a condensing lens group, so that the entered parallel light can be focused in the anterior chamber of the eye through the first lens group, and the anterior chamber of the eye is imaged. Thus, by switching the first lens group and the second lens group, the whole device can image the bottom of the eye and the anterior chamber of the eye, so that more information can be acquired.
Preferably, the first lens group comprises two focusing lenses which are parallel to each other, and the two focusing lenses form a 4f system, so that the structure is simple, and the optical path regulation and control are convenient.
Preferably, the second lens group is composed of a focusing lens, so that focusing is facilitated, and system optical path regulation is also facilitated.
Preferably, the spectrometer comprises a collimating lens, a grating, a focusing lens and a CMOS line camera.
The measuring instrument disclosed by the invention has a simple structure, is reasonable in design, is convenient for optical path regulation and control, realizes the conversion between the time domain and the frequency domain of the optical path of the OCT reference arm, enables a single device to have multiple imaging functions, greatly improves the performance of the device, and can meet common ophthalmic measurement requirements such as anterior chamber imaging, fundus retina imaging, eye axis length measurement, blood flow imaging and the like, so that a doctor can conveniently obtain parameters of each part of the measured eye, and the purchase cost, maintenance cost and operation training cost of the corresponding device and the management cost of the device are saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-parameter, multi-functional eye measurement apparatus based on optical coherence tomography according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a frequency domain zero-path position changing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a time domain optical delay line device according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, a multi-parameter, multi-functional eye measurement apparatus based on optical coherence tomography comprises a light source 1, a fiber coupler 2, a reference arm, a sample arm, a detector and a processor.
The reference arm comprises a frequency domain module and a time domain module which are arranged in parallel, the frequency domain module comprises a collimating mirror 3 and a frequency domain zero optical path position changing device 5, as shown in fig. 2, the frequency domain zero optical path position changing device 5 is a movable plane mirror and comprises a motor driving guide rail 51 and a plane mirror 52 positioned on the guide rail, and the plane mirror 52 is moved by the motor driving the movement of the guide rail 51 to change the length of the reference arm, so that the length of the reference arm is consistent with the length of a sample arm to be measured. The time domain module comprises a collimator 3 and a time domain optical delay line device 4, wherein the structure of the time domain optical delay line device 4 is shown in fig. 3; comprises a circular turntable 41 and a plurality of reflectors 42 fixed on the turntable 41 at a certain angle; the mirror 42 changes the position of the light striking the mirror 42 when the turntable 41 rotates, thereby changing the reference arm length.
The sample arm comprises a collimating lens 3, a fast scanning galvanometer 6, a slow scanning galvanometer 7, a switchable first lens group and a second lens group, wherein the first lens group is a divergent lens group, the second lens group is a condensing lens group, the first lens group consists of two focusing lenses 8 which are parallel to each other, and the two focusing lenses 8 form a 4f system; the second lens group consists of a focusing lens 8; the detector comprises a spectrometer and a photoelectric sensor 9 which are arranged in parallel, wherein the spectrometer comprises a collimating mirror 3, a grating 10, a focusing lens 8 and a CMOS linear array camera 11; the processor is a computer 12.
By arranging a parallel frequency domain zero optical path position changing device 5 and a time domain optical delay line device 4, a spectrometer and a photoelectric sensor 9 on a sample arm and a detector respectively; therefore, the light beam emitted by the light source can select the frequency domain optical path, and can also select the frequency domain optical path.
The optical path of the frequency domain OCT of the measuring instrument according to the embodiment of the present invention is that the light source 1 emits a beam of light that enters the optical fiber coupler 2 to be split into two, and the beam of light enters the reference arm to enter the frequency domain zero optical path position changing device, specifically, the beam of parallel light is changed into a beam of parallel light by an optical fiber collimator 3, and then the parallel light impinges on a movable plane mirror 52, and due to the mobility of the plane mirror 52, the system can adjust the position of the plane mirror according to different imaging targets (such as imaging the anterior chamber of the eye or imaging the fundus of the eye), and then adjust the arm length of the reference arm, and match the target to be imaged in the optical path. After the light entering the reference arm is reflected on the mirror 52, the original path is returned to the fiber coupler 2. The other beam of light enters the sample arm, passes through the slow scanning galvanometer 6, then passes through the fast scanning galvanometer 7, then passes through a lens group matched with the target, namely a first lens group or a second lens group, focuses and scans on the imaged target, the scanned light returns through an original path after being reflected in the tissue, interferes with the light returned by the reference arm in the optical fiber coupler 2, then enters a detector part, namely a spectrometer consisting of the collimating lens 3, the grating 10, the focusing lens 8 and the CMOS linear array camera 11, and the optical signal is converted into an electric signal, and finally the electric signal is transmitted to the electronic computer 12 for imaging.
The time domain OCT optical path of the measuring instrument according to the embodiment of the present invention is that a light source 1 emits a beam of light that enters the optical fiber coupler 2 to be split into two, and a beam of light enters a reference arm, enters the time domain optical delay line device 4, specifically, enters the optical delay line device 4 after passing through the collimator 3, and then returns to the original path, and enters the optical fiber coupler 2. The other beam of light enters the sample arm, passes through the slow scanning galvanometer 6, then passes through the fast scanning galvanometer 7, then passes through a lens group which is matched with the target, namely a first lens group or a second lens group, focuses and scans on the imaged target, the scanned light returns through an original path after being reflected in the tissue, the scanned light interferes with the light returned by the reference arm in the optical fiber coupler 2, then enters the photoelectric sensor part, the optical signal is converted into an electric signal by the photoelectric sensor 9, and finally the electric signal is transmitted to the electronic computer 12 for imaging.
The light source of the OCT system determines the level of performance that can be achieved, the longitudinal resolution that the center wavelength determines, and the depth of detection that the system can achieve. Therefore, the light source 1 of the measuring instrument of the present embodiment preferably uses a laser light source with a center wavelength of 840nm, a bandwidth range of 49nm, and an average power of 20mW, which is self-customized by the scientific research group, so that the axial resolution is <12 μm, which provides a possibility for realizing high-sensitivity detection and rapid image acquisition in human eyes. Simultaneously, near infrared light waves can be used for reducing tissue scattering so as to achieve larger imaging depth; the narrow bandwidth ensures that the image is not affected by unavoidable movements of the eye itself, such as micro saccades.
Meanwhile, in the embodiment, a switchable first lens group and a switchable second lens group are arranged, the first lens group is a divergent lens group, so that scanning light is parallel light before entering an eye, and then the scanning light can be focused on the fundus after passing through a light system of the eye, thereby imaging the fundus; the second lens group is a condensing lens group, so that the entered parallel light can be focused in the anterior chamber of the eye through the first lens group, and the anterior chamber of the eye is imaged. Thus, by switching the first lens group and the second lens group, the whole device can image the bottom of the eye and the anterior chamber of the eye, so that more information can be acquired.
Thus, the eye measuring instrument provided by the embodiment of the invention is provided with the time domain OCT module and the frequency domain OCT module, and is provided with the first lens group and the second lens group which are optional, so that the eyeground and the anterior ocular segment can be focused and imaged respectively, the frequency domain module can be utilized to obtain structural information of the eye, such as anterior chamber structural information and retinal structural information, and the structural information can be introduced through a corresponding imaging algorithm, so that blood flow can be imaged. And imaging the anterior chamber and fundus of the eye by changing the length of the reference arm in the frequency domain and the corresponding focusing lens. Whereas the eye axis length etc. is measured by a time domain system, which basically covers important parameters in ophthalmic examinations.
The measuring instrument provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the measuring instrument is simple in structure, the problems of optical focusing of different imaging parts and optical path correspondence of the reference arm can be conveniently adjusted by optimizing the element design of each structure, the scanning speed is high, the time consumption is short, the doctor can conveniently obtain the parameters of each part of the measured eye, the purchase cost and maintenance cost of equipment and the operation training cost of corresponding equipment are saved, and the management cost of the equipment is reduced.
Variations and modifications to the above would be obvious to persons skilled in the art to which the invention pertains from the foregoing description and teachings. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, but some modifications and changes of the invention should be also included in the scope of the claims of the invention. In addition, although specific terms are used in the present specification, these terms are for convenience of description only and do not limit the present invention in any way.
Claims (10)
1. The multi-parameter and multi-functional eye measuring instrument based on optical coherence tomography is characterized by comprising a light source, an optical fiber coupler, a reference arm, a sample arm, a detector and a processor;
the light source is used for providing an initial light beam;
the optical fiber coupler is used for dividing the initial light beam into two parts, respectively entering the reference arm and the sample arm, and receiving the light beams returned by the reference arm and the sample arm;
the reference arm comprises a frequency domain module and a time domain module which are arranged in parallel, the frequency domain module comprises a collimating mirror and a frequency domain zero optical path position changing device, and the time domain module comprises a collimating mirror and a time domain optical delay line device;
the sample arm is used for scanning the eye to be detected;
the detector is used for receiving interference formed by interference of light beams returned by the reference arm and the sample arm and converting the interference into an electric signal; the detector comprises a spectrometer and a photoelectric sensor which are arranged in parallel;
the processor is used for receiving the electric signals and imaging;
wherein the axial resolution of the light source is <12 μm.
2. The eye measurement instrument according to claim 1, wherein the frequency domain zero optical path position changing means comprises: a collimating lens and a movable plane mirror.
3. The eye measurement instrument according to claim 2, wherein the movable mirror comprises a motor driven rail and a mirror positioned on the rail.
4. The eye measurement instrument according to claim 1, wherein the time domain optical delay line device comprises a circular turntable, and a plurality of mirrors fixed at an angle to the turntable.
5. The eye measurement instrument according to claim 1, wherein the light source is a laser light source with a center wavelength of 840nm and a bandwidth of 49nm, and the average power is 20mW.
6. The eye measurement instrument according to claim 1, wherein the sample arm comprises a collimator lens, a fast scanning galvanometer, a slow scanning galvanometer, a first lens group and a second lens group, and light rays sequentially pass through the collimator lens, the fast scanning galvanometer, the slow scanning galvanometer and then enter the first lens group or the second lens group after entering, wherein the first lens group is a condensing lens group, the second lens group is a diverging lens group, and the first lens group and the second lens group are switchable.
7. The eye measurement instrument according to claim 6, wherein the first lens group comprises two focusing lenses parallel to each other, and the two focusing lenses form a 4f system.
8. The eye measurement instrument according to claim 6, wherein the second lens group is comprised of a focusing lens.
9. The eye measurement instrument according to claim 1, wherein the spectrometer comprises a collimating lens, a grating, a first focusing lens, and a CMOS line camera.
10. The eye measurement instrument according to claim 1, wherein the processor is a terminal device having a memory function.
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| CN111110183A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-05-08 | 温州医科大学 | Binocular optical coherence automatic focusing imaging device and working method |
| CN111643051A (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2020-09-11 | 苏州比格威医疗科技有限公司 | Reference arm, ophthalmic OCT imaging system and imaging method thereof |
| CN116223374B (en) * | 2023-02-03 | 2024-01-26 | 电子科技大学 | Optical coherence tomography multi-point distributed imaging method |
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