CN103804776B - 一种铝塑木复合型材及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种铝塑木复合型材及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN103804776B
CN103804776B CN201210437652.2A CN201210437652A CN103804776B CN 103804776 B CN103804776 B CN 103804776B CN 201210437652 A CN201210437652 A CN 201210437652A CN 103804776 B CN103804776 B CN 103804776B
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plastic
aluminium
composite material
wood
timber compoment
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罗超
闫梨
许开华
吕怀兴
张翔
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Shenzhen Tianpai Door & Window Technology Co Ltd
GEM Co Ltd China
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GEM Co Ltd China
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Abstract

本发明实施例公开了一种铝塑木复合型材，包括塑木构件和铝制构件，所述塑木构件的原料及质量百分比为：聚丙烯塑料55~60%、木粉10%~20%、聚苯胺/聚丙烯腈复合导电纤维10%~20%、聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐1~3%和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯0.5~3%、水合铝阻燃剂1.5%、偶氮二甲酰胺（AC）发泡剂2%。同时，本发明还公开了该铝塑木复合型材的制备方法。采用本发明制备方法制得的铝塑木复合型材，具有较强的机械性能和电磁屏蔽、阻燃、隔声、隔热等优异性能。

Description

一种铝塑木复合型材及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及复合型材领域，尤其涉及一种铝塑木复合型材及其制备方法。
背景技术
铝塑木复合型材能够最大限度的结合和发挥铝型材和塑木型材的优点，在抗紫外线、抗老化、保温性、装饰性、水密性、气密性等方面占据优势地位。与纯铝合金材质型材相比，还可减少铝的使用量，从而节约能源、减少用电量，减轻空气污染、减少废水排放。
其中，塑木材料是近年来迅速发展起来的一种新型的绿色环保材料，在世界范围内已经得到了广泛的应用。为了维护地球的长期生存环境，弥补木材资源的短缺，人们研制出了塑木材料作为木材的替代品。塑木材料是将废木材、废塑料作为原材料，进行再利用，制造出的新材料。这种材料可以很好的和铝材料复合，作为门窗等建筑材料使用。
另一方面，随着现代科技的发展，建筑物内的电磁污染防护日益引起重视，不仅要有效防止室外各种电磁波的影响，也要同时减少冰箱、电视等室内各种电子设备产生的电磁波的危害，而铝塑木复合型材由于塑木构件部分主要采用木材、塑料等基体材料，不具有屏蔽电磁波的能力。公开号为101365330的中国专利，公开了一种电磁屏蔽木塑板材的制备方法：1）将木粉与石墨粉按照质量比为1：1~1:2的比例配置基料，于混合器中混合，按石墨粉质量的0.5%~1%添加磁性微粒，搅拌并升温至100~120℃；2）在上述混合器中加入基料量的0.5%~1.4%的处理剂，及基料量的1.67~2.5倍的树脂混合8~15分钟，卸料至冷混机混之常温，然后造粒；3）造粒后的物料进入板材挤出设备成型，然后切割，包装，测其屏蔽系数。该方法生产的木塑材料具有较好的电磁屏蔽性能，但也存在石墨分散困难，石墨、磁粉等无机材料难以与树脂材料很好的相容等问题。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明旨在提供一种铝塑木复合型材，该铝塑木复合型材具有较强的机械性能和电磁屏蔽、阻燃、隔声、隔热等优异性能，同时本发明还提供了该铝塑木复合型材的制备方法，通过在塑木构件中添加导电纤维，解决了铝塑木型材不能屏蔽电磁波的问题。
第一方面，本发明实施例提供了一种铝塑木复合型材，包括塑木构件和铝合金构件，所述塑木构件的原料及质量百分比为：聚丙烯塑料55~60%、木粉10%~20%、聚苯胺/聚丙烯腈复合导电纤维10%~20%、聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐1~3%和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯0.5~3%、水合铝阻燃剂1.5%、偶氮二甲酰胺（AC）发泡剂2%。
优选地，聚丙烯塑料为经过回收、分选、清洗处理的废聚丙烯塑料。
优选地，木粉为用木材加工业边角废料生产的废木粉。
优选地，聚苯胺/聚丙烯腈复合导电纤维电导率为10-7～10-1（S/cm）。
优选地，聚苯胺/聚丙烯腈复合导电纤维在成型的塑木构件中的质量百分含量为15%~20%。
更优选地，聚苯胺/聚丙烯腈复合导电纤维在成型的塑木构件中的质量百分含量为20%。
塑木构件中聚苯胺/聚丙烯腈复合导电纤维的存在，将使得所制成的塑木构件具有一定的电磁屏蔽的性能，其屏蔽能力的大小由聚苯胺/聚丙烯腈复合导电纤维的加入量决定。
其中，聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐为增溶剂，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯为增塑剂。
优选地，所述铝合金构件为中空构件，厚度为2~6cm。
优选地，所述塑木构件为中空构件，厚度为2~6cm。
铝合金构件和塑木构件均为中空腔式结构，构件内部将被分成若干小空间，从而使制得的铝塑木复合型材具有优异的隔声性能和保温隔热性能，可作为优良的建筑型材使用。
优选地，当铝塑木复合型材用于门窗等建筑型材时，铝合金构件上设压紧钩，塑木构件上与压紧钩相对应的部位设置连接槽，通过辊轧复合使压紧钩压在连接槽上，将铝合金构件和塑木构件连接在一起。
其中，室外一侧是铝合金构件，室内一侧是塑木构件。
将该铝塑木复合型材作为门窗等建筑型材时，不仅可以屏蔽室外的电磁辐射，吸收室内电磁电气设备产生的电磁波，还可以解决门窗使用过程中的抗静电问题，也可以减少静电吸灰，起到防尘作用。
第二方面，本发明还提供了一种新型铝塑木复合型材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）将塑木构件的原料利用高速混合机混合均匀，利用双螺杆挤出机熔融共混，挤出造粒后，将所得粒料加入到挤出机中挤出得到成型的塑木构件；
（2）取与所述成型的塑木构件相匹配的铝合金构件辊轧复合，得到铝塑木复合型材；
其中，步骤（1）中所述塑木构件的原料及质量百分比为：聚丙烯塑料55~60%、木粉10%~20%、聚苯胺/聚丙烯腈复合导电纤维10%~20%、聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐1~3%和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯0.5~3%、水合铝阻燃剂1.5%、偶氮二甲酰胺（AC）发泡剂2%，其中，聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐为增溶剂，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯为增塑剂。
优选地，聚丙烯塑料为经过回收、分选、清洗处理的废聚丙烯塑料。
优选地，木粉为用木材加工业边角废料生产的废木粉。
其中，聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐为增溶剂，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯为增塑剂。添加水合铝阻燃剂，能使所制铝塑木复合型材具有优良的阻燃性能，能有效阻燃，提高复合型材的安全使用性能。
优选地，聚苯胺/聚丙烯腈复合导电纤维电导率为10-7～10-1（S/cm）。
优选地，所述聚苯胺/聚丙烯腈复合导电纤维在所述成型的塑木构件中的质量百分含量为15%~20%。
更优选地，所述聚苯胺/聚丙烯腈复合导电纤维在所述成型的塑木构件中的质量百分含量为20%。
步骤（1）中双螺杆挤出机的熔融温度为200℃，转速为200转／分钟。
优选地，所述铝合金构件为中空构件，厚度为2~6cm。
优选地，所述塑木构件为中空构件，厚度为2~6cm。
优选地，当铝塑木复合型材用于门窗等建筑型材型材时，步骤（2）为，在铝合金构件上设压紧钩，在塑木构件上，与压紧钩相对应的部位设置连接槽，通过辊轧复合使压紧钩压在连接槽上，将铝合金构件和塑木构件连接在一起。
其中，室外一侧是铝合金构件，室内一侧是塑木构件。
步骤（2）中将塑木构件与铝合金构件通过辊轧结合，能使形成的铝塑木复合型材形状和尺寸稳定、不松散、不变形。
更优选地，在塑木构件与铝合金构件间涂粘接胶。
为进一步提高相邻塑木构件与铝合金构件间的连接强度，在塑木构件与铝合金构件间涂粘接胶。
将该铝塑木复合型材作为门窗等建筑型材时，不仅可以屏蔽室外的电磁辐射，吸收室内电磁电气设备产生的电磁波，还可以解决门窗使用过程中的抗静电问题，也可以减少静电吸灰，起到防尘作用。
实施本发明实施例，具有如下有益效果：
（1）本发明利用塑木构件与铝合金构件的辊轧结合，制得了抗压、抗弯曲性能强的铝塑木复合型材，所形成的铝塑木复合型材形状和尺寸稳定、不松散、不变形；
（2）本发明通过添加聚苯胺/聚丙烯腈复合导电纤维，使铝塑木复合型材具有良好的电磁屏蔽性能，其在300MHz频率下，屏蔽效能达到30~40dB。
（3）本发明制备方法工艺简单、环保、经济效益高、原材料来源广泛；
（4）本发明塑木构件中添加了阻燃材料等，所制铝塑木复合型材具有优良的阻燃性能，能有效阻燃，防火等级达到B1级，遇火自熄，不产生任何有毒气体；
（5）本发明塑木构件部分采用发泡工艺、导热系数低，且构件为中空腔式结构，内部被分成若干小空间，具有优异的隔声性能和保温隔热性能。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一
一种铝塑木复合型材，其制备方法包括以下步骤：
（1）将塑木构件的原料利用高速混合机混合均匀，利用双螺杆挤出机熔融共混，挤出造粒后，将所得粒料加入到挤出机中挤出成型的塑木构件；
（2）取与所述成型的塑木构件相匹配的铝合金构件辊轧复合，得到铝塑木复合型材。
在本实施例中，步骤（1）中塑木构件的原料及质量百分比为：废聚丙烯塑料60%、废木粉15%、聚苯胺/聚丙烯腈复合导电纤维16%、聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐2.5%、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯3%、水合铝阻燃剂1.5%和偶氮二甲酰胺（AC）发泡剂2％，具体地，步骤（1）为将废聚丙烯塑料、废木粉、聚苯胺/聚丙烯腈复合导电纤维、聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯等分别加入到高速混合机混合均匀，然后将混合物在双螺杆挤出机中反应挤出制成料粒，熔融温度为200℃，转速为200转／分钟，挤出物料冷却后，经切粒机切粒，得到粒料，将所得粒料加入挤出机中进行挤出成型，得到成型的塑木构件。
步骤（2）为，在铝合金构件上设压紧钩，在塑木构件上，与压紧钩相对应的部位设置连接槽，通过辊轧复合使压紧钩压在连接槽上，将铝合金构件和塑木构件连接在一起。
按照GB12190-90II对本实施例所得铝塑木复合型材进行检测，当铝制构件为3cm，塑木构件为5cm时，其在300MHz频率下，屏蔽效能达到35dB。
实施例二
一种铝塑木复合型材，其制备方法包括以下步骤：
（1）将塑木构件的原料利用高速混合机混合均匀，利用双螺杆挤出机熔融共混，挤出造粒后，将所得粒料加入到挤出机中挤出成型的塑木构件；
（2）取与所述成型的塑木构件相匹配的铝合金构件辊轧复合，得到铝塑木复合型材。
在本实施例中，步骤（1）中塑木构件的原料及质量百分比为：废聚丙烯塑料55%、废木粉20%、聚苯胺/聚丙烯腈复合导电纤维20%、聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐1.0%、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯0.5%、水合铝阻燃剂1.5%和偶氮二甲酰胺（AC）发泡剂2％，具体地，步骤（1）为将废聚丙烯塑料、废木粉、聚苯胺/聚丙烯腈复合导电纤维、聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯等分别加入到高速混合机混合均匀，然后将混合物在双螺杆挤出机中反应挤出制成料粒，熔融温度为200℃，转速为200转／分钟，挤出物料冷却后，经切粒机切粒，得到粒料，将所得粒料加入挤出机中进行挤出成型，得到成型的塑木构件。
步骤（2）为，在铝合金构件上设压紧钩，在塑木构件上，与压紧钩相对应的部位设置连接槽，通过辊轧复合使压紧钩压在连接槽上，将铝合金构件和塑木构件连接在一起。
按照GB12190-90II对本实施例所得铝塑木复合型材进行检测，当铝制构件为3cm，塑木构件为5cm时，其在300MHz频率下，屏蔽效能达到35dB。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种铝塑木复合型材，其特征在于，包括塑木构件和铝合金构件，所述塑木构件的原料及质量百分比为：聚丙烯塑料55～60％、木粉15％～20％、聚苯胺/聚丙烯腈复合导电纤维15％～20％、聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐1～3％和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯0.5～3％、水合铝阻燃剂1.5％、偶氮二甲酰胺发泡剂2％。
2.如权利要求1所述的铝塑木复合型材，其特征在于，所述聚丙烯塑料为经回收、分选、清洗处理的废聚丙烯塑料，所述木粉为用木材加工业边角废料生产的废木粉。
3.如权利要求1所述的铝塑木复合型材，其特征在于，所述塑木构件为中空结构，厚度为2～6cm。
4.如权利要求1所述的铝塑木复合型材，其特征在于，所述铝合金构件为中空结构，厚度为2～6cm。
5.一种铝塑木复合型材的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)将塑木构件的原料利用高速混合机混合均匀，利用双螺杆挤出机熔融共混，挤出造粒后，将所得粒料加入到挤出机中挤出得到成型的塑木构件；
(2)取与所述成型的塑木构件相匹配的铝合金构件辊轧复合，得到铝塑木复合型材；
其中所述塑木构件的原料及质量百分比为：聚丙烯塑料55～60％、木粉15％～20％、聚苯胺/聚丙烯腈复合导电纤维15％～20％、聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐1～3％和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯0.5～3％、水合铝阻燃剂1.5％、偶氮二甲酰胺发泡剂2％。
6.如权利要求5所述的铝塑木复合型材的制备方法，其特征在于，所述聚丙烯塑料为经回收、分选、清洗处理的废聚丙烯塑料，所述木粉为用木材加工业边角废料生产的废木粉。
7.如权利要求5所述的铝塑木复合型材的制备方法，其特征在于，所述塑木构件为中空结构，厚度为2～6cm。
8.如权利要求5所述的铝塑木复合型材的制备方法，其特征在于，所述铝合金构件为中空结构，厚度为2～6cm。
9.如权利要求5所述的铝塑木复合型材的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中所述双螺杆挤出机的熔融温度为200℃，转速为200转/分钟。
10.如权利要求5所述的铝塑木复合型材的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)为，在所述铝合金构件上设压紧钩，在所述塑木构件上，与所述压紧钩相对应的部位设置连接槽，通过辊轧复合使所述压紧钩压在所述连接槽上，将所述铝合金构件和所述塑木构件连接在一起。
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