CN103801779A - 晶体硅太阳能电池串焊方法 - Google Patents

晶体硅太阳能电池串焊方法 Download PDF

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CN103801779A
CN103801779A CN201310162407.XA CN201310162407A CN103801779A CN 103801779 A CN103801779 A CN 103801779A CN 201310162407 A CN201310162407 A CN 201310162407A CN 103801779 A CN103801779 A CN 103801779A
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宫昌萌
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种晶体硅太阳能电池的串焊方法，适用于正反面都有引出电极的传统太阳能电池。本发明用直线焊带绷成的线网将多个电池片焊接成串。将上下两组焊带互相重叠并绷紧，将电池片放入两组焊带之间，对准主栅线与焊带，焊接电池和焊带，焊接上下两组焊带，将多余焊带切开。本发明工作流程简单，焊接速度快，对准精度高，易于实现自动化，可以避免电池和焊带之间偏移引起的电池串外观缺陷及电学损失，适合于多根细主栅的太阳能电池串焊接。

Description

晶体硅太阳能电池串焊方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种晶体硅太阳能电池的串焊方法，操作方法简单，容易实现自动化，适用于正负引出电极分别在电池正反面的传统太阳能电池。属于太阳能光伏领域。 
背景技术
太阳能资源丰富、分布广泛，是最具发展潜力的可再生能源。随着全球能源短缺和环境污染等问题日益突出，太阳能光伏发电因其清洁、安全、便利、高效等特点，已成为世界各国普遍关注和重点发展的新兴产业。随着技术进步及产业规模扩大，产品成本持续下降，价格接近平价上网的水平。 
晶体硅太阳能电池片由上至下的组成为：正面电极、减反射层、发射极、硅片、背电极。由于单片电池的电压只有0.5V-0.7V，为了得到较高的输出电压，通常使用中都要将数十片电池串联成串使用。在正面电极的主栅线上焊接焊带，连接电池。 
目前太阳能电池串的制作方法有两种：第一种方法是手工焊接：剪裁金属焊带，使其长度约为两片电池的长度之和；用电烙铁将焊带一端焊接在电池的正面电极，称为单焊；将所有单焊后的电池正面向下放置，焊带另一端压在下一片电池的背面，并焊接。数十片电池连在一起形成电池串，整个过程用手工焊接。 
第二种方法是用自动化设备焊接：裁剪金属焊带，使其长度约为两片电池的长度之和；焊带摆放到工作台上，把电池正面朝上，压在焊带一端，再次摆放焊带，将焊带一端压在电池正面；加热，使正面和背面的焊带同时焊接；再次摆放电池，把电池正面朝上，压在连接第一片电池的焊带一端，再次摆放焊带，将焊带一端压在电池正面，与正面接触，加热焊接；依次焊接第三片、第四片…整个过程用自动化设备完成。 
第一种方法属于手工操作，当电池片上的主栅线增加时，生产的速度也会降低。第二种方法只夹持焊带一端，另一端可以自由移动，使焊 带无法对准电池主电极，不仅影响电池串的外观，而且降低组件的输出功率。一般太阳能电池的主栅数量在2-4条不等，随着市场对低成本高效率太阳能电池的要求提高，主栅线的数目还会继续增加。当主栅线数目增加，相应宽度减小，对准的要求会更高，这种方法更难适用。 
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足，本发明提供一种工艺简单、位置精度高的晶体硅太阳能电池串焊方法，这种方法由4个步骤组成：1.将连接电池正反面的两组焊带同时固定并绷紧。2.将电池片放入两组焊带之间，对准主栅线和焊带，加热焊接。3.焊接上下两组焊带。4.焊带切开。在焊接主栅线和焊带之前，将焊带两端固定绷紧，减小了焊带和主栅线的对准误差，也降低了对自动化设备的要求。 
本发明晶体硅太阳能电池串的制作方法，其特征在于将上下两组焊带同时固定并绷紧，焊接焊带和主栅线，然后焊接两组焊带，焊接点位于相邻电池之间，最后切开焊带。降低了焊带与电池的对准误差，适用于自动化的串焊设备。 
本发明晶体硅太阳能电池串的制作方法，其工艺步骤如下： 
步骤(a)，将焊带分成上下两组，两组焊带的数量和宽度相等。两组焊带重叠，两端固定，并绷紧。为了保证焊带和主栅线的对准，焊带之间的距离与主栅线之间的距离必须相等。 
步骤(b)，将电池片放入上下两组焊带之间，对准主栅线和焊带，压紧上下两组焊带。将电池片主栅线和焊带焊接，两组焊带分别连接电池的正面和背面。 
步骤(c)，焊接上下两组焊带，焊接点位于相邻两片电池之间。 
步骤(d)，切开电池之间的焊带。切断连接电池片正面的焊带，切口在步骤(c)的焊接点左(右)侧，切断连接电池片背面的焊带，切口在步骤(c)的焊接点右(左)侧。从而形成相互串联的电池串。 
上述步骤(b)和步骤(c)中，焊接可采用激光锡焊，红外光锡焊，热风锡焊，电涡流锡焊，电阻加热锡焊或低温导电胶粘结实现。 
上述步骤(d)中，电池片之间的焊带切割可采用激光切割、等离子 体切割或机械切割实现。 
本发明操作流程简单，易于实现自动化。焊带两端固定，位置精度高，可以使用细焊带，增加焊带的数目，降低电阻损失，提高组件功率，同时减少贵金属银的消耗，降低组件成本。 
附图说明
图1为对准后的太阳能电池和上下两组焊带的示意图； 
图2为图1的横截面示意图； 
图3为焊接焊带的示意图； 
图4为切断焊带的示意图。 
具体实施方式
为使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体实施方式，进一步阐述本发明。 
图1-4中标示：1上焊带，2下焊带，3电池片a，4电池片b，5焊带压焊点，6焊带切口。 
本发明具体包括以下步骤： 
步骤(a)：参考图1和图2，焊带由无氧铜基材和外面的镀锡层组成。将焊带分成上焊带(1)和下焊带(2)两组，两组焊带的数量和宽度相等。两组焊带重叠，两端固定，并绷紧。为了保证焊带和主栅线的对准，焊带之间的距离与主栅线之间的距离必须相等。焊带的宽度可以比主栅线宽度大10-100微米。焊带浸泡或喷涂助焊剂。 
步骤(b)：上下两组焊带的距离比电池片的厚度大10微米以上，以便电池片能够放入上下两组焊带之间。电池片放入后，对准主栅线和焊带，压紧上下两组焊带，使焊带和主栅线接触。加热，将电池片主栅线和焊带焊接。加热的方式可以选择红外光，激光，热风或电涡流的方式，加热温度200-400摄氏度之间。 
步骤(c)：参考图3，将相邻的电池a和电池b之间的焊带压紧、焊接，压焊点(5)位于两片电池中间。可选择与步骤(b)相同的焊接方式，也可以与步骤(b)同时进行。 
步骤(d)：参考图4，切开电池之间的焊带。切断连接电池片正面的焊带，切口(6)位于压焊点(5)左(右)侧，切断连接电池片背面的焊带，切口(6)位于压焊点(5)右(左)侧。切割方式可选择激光、等离子或机械切割的方式。为避免损伤电池片，切口与电池片应保持至少10微米的距离。 
替代方案： 
不同之处在于电池和焊带之间喷涂低温导电胶，加热使导电胶固化，粘结电池和焊带，同时起到导电作用。固化温度低于200摄氏度，相比锡焊，电池片和焊带温度低，热变形小，可以减少电池片碎片。 
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。 

Claims (7)

1.一种晶体硅太阳能电池的串焊方法，其特征在于，包括以下几个步骤：
步骤(a)：将焊带分成上下两组，两组焊带的数量和宽度相等，两组焊带重叠，两端固定，并绷紧，构成焊带线网；
步骤(b)：将电池片放入上下两组焊带之间，对准焊带和电池片主栅线，将上面一组焊带与电池片正面焊接，下面一组焊带与电池片背面焊接；
步骤(c)：焊接上下两组焊带，焊接点位于相邻两片电池之间；
步骤(d)：切断连接电池片正面的焊带，切口在步骤(c)的焊接点左(右)侧，切断连接电池片背面的焊带，切口在步骤(c)的焊接点右(左)侧。从而形成相互串联的电池串。
2.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池串焊方法，其特征在于，将数量和宽度相等的焊带分成上下两组，焊带的两端固定，并绷紧。
3.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池串焊方法，其特征在于，焊接上下两组焊带，焊接点位于相邻两片电池片之间。
4.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池串焊方法，其特征在于，焊带焊接点左右各有一根焊带被切断。
5.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池串焊方法，其特征在于，所述电池片的焊接通过激光锡焊，红外光锡焊，热风锡焊，电涡流锡焊，电阻加热锡焊或低温导电胶粘结实现。
6.根据权利要求3所述的太阳能电池串焊方法，其特征在于，所述电池片之间的焊带采用激光锡焊，红外光锡焊，热风锡焊，电涡流锡焊，电阻加热锡焊或低温导电胶粘结焊接。
7.根据权利要求4所述的太阳能电池串焊方法，其特征在于，所述电池片之间的焊带采用激光切割、等离子体切割或机械切割。
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN105033511A (zh) * 2015-09-07 2015-11-11 无锡市正罡自动化设备有限公司 焊带熔锡覆锡装置和焊带加工机和串焊机及焊带加工方法
CN106424996A (zh) * 2016-10-28 2017-02-22 无锡奥特维科技股份有限公司 叠片串焊机
CN108231952A (zh) * 2017-12-29 2018-06-29 杭州瞩日能源科技有限公司 光伏电池模组及其制备工艺
CN109580475A (zh) * 2017-09-28 2019-04-05 阿特斯阳光电力集团有限公司 导电胶粘结力的测试方法
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CN113078230A (zh) * 2021-03-25 2021-07-06 东方日升新能源股份有限公司 一种电池组件及其封装方法
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CN109580475A (zh) * 2017-09-28 2019-04-05 阿特斯阳光电力集团有限公司 导电胶粘结力的测试方法
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CN111276552A (zh) * 2020-01-22 2020-06-12 甘肃自然能源研究所(联合国工业发展组织国际太阳能技术促进转让中心) 一种新型热电联产太阳能电池片
CN114068733A (zh) * 2020-08-10 2022-02-18 苏州阿特斯阳光电力科技有限公司 电池片和具有其的光伏组件
CN113078230A (zh) * 2021-03-25 2021-07-06 东方日升新能源股份有限公司 一种电池组件及其封装方法

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