The working method of kitchen castoff and application thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of biological processing field, particularly the working method of kitchen castoff and processed products thereof are used as the application of fertilizer.
Background technology
In the process of city, rubbish was once the burden of urban development as the product of metabolism, and all there is the situation of garbage-surrounded city in many cities, the world.It is " resource misplacing ground " that now rubbish is considered to most potentiality to be exploited, never withered " city mineral reserve " absolutely, and this is going deep into and in-depth rubbish understanding, is also urban development inevitable requirement.
Domestic refuse refers to the various wastes dumped by resident in municipal wastes, refers in daily life or is daily life provides the solid waste that produces in the activity of service and law, Administrative Regulations specifies to be considered as domestic refuse solid waste.Be divided into four classes: recyclable rubbish, rubbish from cooking, Harmful Waste and other rubbish.Recyclable rubbish comprises stationery, metal, plastics, glass etc.; The food wastes such as the internal organ of the food that rubbish from cooking and market rubbish comprise surplus tea leftovers, bone, dish root, dish leaf go bad, chicken, duck, fish; Harmful Waste comprise battery, useless fluorescent lamp, useless mercurythermometer, Expired drug etc.; Other rubbish is the waste that brick and tile pottery, dregs, toilet waste paper etc. except above-mentioned a few class rubbish is difficult to recycling.
Whole world rubbish average speed of growth is 8.42%, and Chinese rubbish rate of increase reaches 10%, the whole world produces 4.9 hundred million tons of rubbish every year, only China just produces nearly 1.5 hundred million tons of municipal wastess every year, wherein changing food waste accounts for 30 ~ 40% of domestic waste, and Municipal Solid Waste in China accumulates the amount of piling, and oneself reaches 7,000,000,000 tons.Under so huge rubbish pressure, have reason to believe star's industry that refuse treatment generation can become following domestic.
Along with the development of national economy, refuse treatment is on handling to the agenda of governments at all levels, and it is high that traditional refuse treatment has running cost, output is little, landfill is completely without problems such as outputs, even if governmental investment construction, annual great number working cost also can become the great burden of local government.Treatment process landfill and the burning of the current rubbish of China are Main Means, and garbage loading embeading needs to occupy a large amount of soils, in city and industrialized epoch, being in an emergency of land resources, this road is not shortcut yet, and easily produces secondary pollution, waste precious resources.Therefore, the application providing a kind of working method of kitchen castoff and processed products thereof to be used as fertilizer has realistic meaning.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides the application that a kind of working method of kitchen castoff and processed products thereof are used as fertilizer.This preparation method is simple, effectively make use of kitchen castoff.Obtained kitchen castoff converted products may be used for preparing fertilizer.
In order to realize foregoing invention object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
The invention provides a kind of working method of kitchen castoff, comprise the following steps:
Collect kitchen castoff;
Culturing micro-organisms;
Get kitchen castoff to mix with microorganism, standing for fermentation, to obtain final product;
Microorganism comprises yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae.
As preferably, the viable count of yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae is no less than 2.0 × 10
6individual/mL.
Preferably, the mass ratio of yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae and kitchen castoff is 1 ~ 3:100 ~ 2000.
Preferably, the mass ratio of yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae and kitchen castoff is 1 ~ 3:100 ~ 800.
As preferably, the temperature of fermentation is 38 ~ 40 DEG C.
In some embodiments of the invention, kitchen castoff comprises:
The kitchen quality products in each large, medium and small restaurant, comprises swill, bone, the odds and ends of a meal, discarded dish leaf, cane and coring;
Or the tankage of each food processing plant and rotten, corrupt meat product;
Or each slaughterhouse rubbish, comprise the internal organ of abandonment, skin, hair;
Or the animal refuse of food market, comprise chicken, duck, the internal organ of fish, skin, hair.
Present invention also offers the kitchen castoff converted products that above-mentioned working method is obtained.
The present invention also carries has encircleed above-mentioned kitchen castoff converted products and is preparing the application in fertilizer.
In addition, present invention also offers a kind of fertilizer, comprise acceptable element in above-mentioned kitchen castoff converted products and fertilizer.
In some embodiments of the invention, the mass percent of kitchen castoff converted products in fertilizer is 1 ~ 99%.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the mass percent of kitchen castoff converted products in fertilizer is 25 ~ 80%.
In some embodiments of the invention, in fertilizer, acceptable element comprises nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium or trace element.
The invention provides a kind of working method of kitchen castoff, comprise the following steps: collect kitchen castoff; Culturing micro-organisms; Get kitchen castoff to mix with microorganism, standing for fermentation, to obtain final product; Microorganism comprises yeast.This preparation method is simple, effectively make use of kitchen castoff.Obtained kitchen castoff converted products is nutritious, may be used for preparing fertilizer.In addition, present invention also offers a kind of fertilizer, comprise acceptable element in above-mentioned kitchen castoff converted products and fertilizer.
Test-results shows, when summer soybean and long-stalked crops are interplanted, uses fertilizer provided by the invention and significantly can regulate Summer Soybean Root System Growth.Increase the long 4.7 ~ 19.2cm of summer soybean main root, increase root nodule number 25.3 ~ 89.4, improve chlorophyll content 0.3 ~ 0.7mg/g, improve Leaf nitrogen content 0.4 ~ 1.5mg/g, increase summer soybean Net Photosynthetic Rate 30.89 ~ 39.21%, increase summer soybean output 47.5 ~ 92.3kg/ mu, calculate according to 4 yuan/kg summer soybean, every mu increases economic benefit 190 ~ 369.2 yuan.
Comprehensive above-mentioned test-results, uses the fertilizer containing kitchen castoff converted products, effectively can increase summer soybean root nodule number, improves the chlorophyll content of summer soybean, Leaf nitrogen content and Net Photosynthetic Rate, improves summer soybean output, promotes increasing peasant income.
Embodiment
The invention discloses the application that a kind of working method of kitchen castoff and processed products thereof are used as fertilizer, those skilled in the art can use for reference present disclosure, and suitable improving technique parameter realizes.Special needs to be pointed out is, all similar replacements and change apparent to those skilled in the art, they are all deemed to be included in the present invention.Method of the present invention and application are described by preferred embodiment, related personnel obviously can not depart from content of the present invention, spirit and scope methods and applications as herein described are changed or suitably change with combination, realize and apply the technology of the present invention.
In the working method of kitchen castoff provided by the invention, raw materials used and microorganism all can be buied by market.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, set forth the present invention further:
The processing of embodiment 1 kitchen castoff
Collect kitchen castoff (animal refuse of food market comprises chicken, duck, the internal organ of fish, skin, hair);
Culturing micro-organisms: from inclined-plane picking yeast (pichia spp), after recovery in conventional medium, one-level cultivation, enlarged culturing, stand-by.
(viable count is no less than 2.0 × 10 to get the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae after kitchen castoff and enlarged culturing
6individual/mL) according to mass ratio be 2:1300 mixing, in 38 DEG C of standing for fermentation, obtain kitchen castoff converted products.
The processing of embodiment 2 kitchen castoff
Collect kitchen castoff (each slaughterhouse rubbish, comprises the internal organ of abandonment, skin, hair);
Culturing micro-organisms: from inclined-plane picking yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, after recovery in conventional medium, one-level cultivation, enlarged culturing, stand-by.
(viable count is no less than 2.0 × 10 to get the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae after kitchen castoff and enlarged culturing
6individual/mL) according to mass ratio be 1:1500 mixing, in 38 DEG C of standing for fermentation, obtain kitchen castoff converted products.
The processing of embodiment 3 kitchen castoff
Collect kitchen castoff (tankage of each food processing plant and rotten, corrupt meat product);
Culturing micro-organisms: from inclined-plane picking yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, after recovery in conventional medium, one-level cultivation, enlarged culturing, stand-by.
(viable count is no less than 2.0 × 10 to get the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae after kitchen castoff and enlarged culturing
6individual/mL) according to mass ratio be 3:1000 mixing, in 40 DEG C of standing for fermentation, obtain kitchen castoff converted products.
The processing of embodiment 4 kitchen castoff
Collect kitchen castoff (the kitchen quality products in each large, medium and small restaurant, comprises swill, bone, the odds and ends of a meal, discarded dish leaf, cane and coring);
Culturing micro-organisms: from inclined-plane picking yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, after recovery in conventional medium, one-level cultivation, enlarged culturing, stand-by.
(viable count is no less than 5.0 × 10 to get the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae after kitchen castoff and enlarged culturing
6individual/mL) according to mass ratio be 1:1000 mixing, in 40 DEG C of standing for fermentation, obtain kitchen castoff converted products.
The processing of embodiment 5 kitchen castoff
Collect kitchen castoff (each large, medium and small restaurant swill);
Culturing micro-organisms: from inclined-plane picking yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, after recovery in conventional medium, one-level cultivation, enlarged culturing, stand-by.
(viable count is no less than 2.0 × 10 to get the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae after kitchen castoff and enlarged culturing
6individual/mL) according to mass ratio be 1:600 mixing, in 38 DEG C of standing for fermentation, obtain kitchen castoff converted products.
The processing of embodiment 6 kitchen castoff
Collect kitchen castoff (animal refuse of food market comprises chicken, duck, the internal organ of fish, skin, hair);
Culturing micro-organisms: from inclined-plane picking yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, after recovery in conventional medium, one-level cultivation, enlarged culturing, stand-by.
(viable count is no less than 4.0 × 10 to get the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae after kitchen castoff and enlarged culturing
7individual/mL) according to mass ratio be 1:300 mixing, in 39 DEG C of standing for fermentation, obtain kitchen castoff converted products.
The processing of embodiment 7 kitchen castoff
Collect kitchen castoff (discarded dish leaf, cane and the coring in each large, medium and small restaurant);
Culturing micro-organisms: from inclined-plane picking yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, after recovery in conventional medium, one-level cultivation, enlarged culturing, stand-by.
(viable count is no less than 7.0 × 10 to get the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae after kitchen castoff and enlarged culturing
8individual/mL) according to mass ratio be 3:500 mixing, in 40 DEG C of standing for fermentation, obtain kitchen castoff converted products.
The processing of embodiment 8 kitchen castoff
Collect kitchen castoff (each slaughterhouse rubbish, comprises the internal organ of abandonment, skin, hair);
Culturing micro-organisms: from inclined-plane picking yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, after recovery in conventional medium, one-level cultivation, enlarged culturing, stand-by.
(viable count is no less than 4.0 × 10 to get the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae after kitchen castoff and enlarged culturing
6individual/mL) according to mass ratio be 1:800 mixing, in 38 ~ 40 DEG C of standing for fermentation, obtain kitchen castoff converted products.
The processing of embodiment 9 kitchen castoff
Collect kitchen castoff (odds and ends of a meal in each large, medium and small restaurant);
Culturing micro-organisms: from inclined-plane picking yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, after recovery in conventional medium, one-level cultivation, enlarged culturing, stand-by.
(viable count is no less than 3.0 × 10 to get the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae after kitchen castoff and enlarged culturing
6individual/mL) according to mass ratio be 3:2000 mixing, in 38 DEG C of standing for fermentation, obtain kitchen castoff converted products.
The processing of embodiment 10 kitchen castoff
Collect kitchen castoff (tankage of each food processing plant and rotten, corrupt meat product);
Culturing micro-organisms: from inclined-plane picking yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, after recovery in conventional medium, one-level cultivation, enlarged culturing, stand-by.
(viable count is no less than 2.0 × 10 to get the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae after kitchen castoff and enlarged culturing
8individual/mL) according to mass ratio be 1:2000 mixing, in 39 DEG C of standing for fermentation, obtain kitchen castoff converted products.
The processing of embodiment 11 kitchen castoff
Collect kitchen castoff (bone in each large, medium and small restaurant);
Culturing micro-organisms: from inclined-plane picking yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, after recovery in conventional medium, one-level cultivation, enlarged culturing, stand-by.
(viable count is no less than 5.0 × 10 to get the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae after kitchen castoff and enlarged culturing
9individual/mL) according to mass ratio be 3:100 mixing, in 40 DEG C of standing for fermentation, obtain kitchen castoff converted products.
The processing of embodiment 12 kitchen castoff
Collect kitchen castoff (each large, medium and small restaurant swill);
Culturing micro-organisms: from inclined-plane picking yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, after recovery in conventional medium, one-level cultivation, enlarged culturing, stand-by.
(viable count is no less than 8.0 × 10 to get the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae after kitchen castoff and enlarged culturing
10individual/mL) according to mass ratio be 1:100 mixing, in 38 DEG C of standing for fermentation, obtain kitchen castoff converted products.
Embodiment 13 kitchen castoff converted products prepares fertilizer
The kitchen castoff converted products 90g that Example 1 is obtained, adds nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element, obtained fertilizer 100g.
Embodiment 14 kitchen castoff converted products prepares fertilizer
The kitchen castoff converted products 1g that Example 2 is obtained, adds nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element, obtained fertilizer 100g.
Embodiment 15 kitchen castoff converted products prepares fertilizer
The kitchen castoff converted products 99g that Example 3 is obtained, adds nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element, obtained fertilizer 100g.
Embodiment 16 kitchen castoff converted products prepares fertilizer
The kitchen castoff converted products 80g that Example 4 is obtained, adds nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element, obtained fertilizer 100g.
Embodiment 17 kitchen castoff converted products prepares fertilizer
The kitchen castoff converted products 25g that Example 5 is obtained, adds nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element, obtained fertilizer 100g.
Embodiment 18 kitchen castoff converted products prepares fertilizer
The kitchen castoff converted products 40g that Example 6 is obtained, adds nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element, obtained fertilizer 100g.
Embodiment 19 kitchen castoff converted products prepares fertilizer
The kitchen castoff converted products 55g that Example 7 is obtained, adds nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element, obtained fertilizer 100g.
Embodiment 20 kitchen castoff converted products prepares fertilizer
The kitchen castoff converted products 78g that Example 8 is obtained, adds nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element, obtained fertilizer 100g.
Embodiment 21 kitchen castoff converted products prepares fertilizer
The kitchen castoff converted products 64g that Example 9 is obtained, adds nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element, obtained fertilizer 100g.
Embodiment 22 kitchen castoff converted products prepares fertilizer
The kitchen castoff converted products 12g that Example 10 is obtained, adds nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element, obtained fertilizer 100g.
Embodiment 23 kitchen castoff converted products prepares fertilizer
The kitchen castoff converted products 33g that Example 11 is obtained, adds nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element, obtained fertilizer 100g.
Embodiment 24 kitchen castoff converted products prepares fertilizer
The kitchen castoff converted products 87g that Example 12 is obtained, adds nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element, obtained fertilizer 100g.
The effect test of the fertilizer that embodiment 25 the present invention obtains
Test site: University Of Chongqing's teaching farm.
Test group: corn, summer soybean adopt Band texture, and 2m opens railway carriage or compartment, and corn, summer soybean respectively account for 1m, plant 2 row corn intervals and plant 3 row soybean, the spacing of summer soybean and corn controls at 33cm, and corn variety river single 418 was sowed April 8, nest is apart from 45cm, and nest stays two strains; Summer soybean varieties tribute selects No. 1 in sowing on June 4, and line-spacing 33cm, nest is apart from 30cm, and nest stays two strains.Ensure that the available nitrogen amount of application saving phase control group and test group at summer soybean three is 6kg/ mu, available phosphorus amount of application is 35kg/ mu, and effective potassium amount of application is 6kg/ mu, other the same Production of Large Fields of cultivation management measure.
Control group: soybean uses conventional fertilizer (commercially available), other the same test group of cultivation management measure.
Test-results is in table 1:
Table 1 summer soybean fertilization effect
* significant difference is represented, P<0.05; # represents that difference is extremely remarkable, P<0.01.
Table 1 data show, compared with control group, the main root of test group summer soybean is long generally to be increased, root nodule number increases, and chlorophyll content increases, and Leaf nitrogen content and Net Photosynthetic Rate raise, summer soybean per mu yield generally improves, and difference has significance (P < 0.05); In test group, the percentage composition that kitchen castoff converted products accounts for fertilizer is higher, main root length, root nodule number, chlorophyll content, Net Photosynthetic Rate, output are compared with control group, and difference gets over significant difference (P < 0.05), even has pole significant difference.Therefore, in fertilizer, the photosynthesis characteristics of kitchen castoff converted products and summer soybean seed quality comparison summer soybean and output have material impact.
Test-results shows, when summer soybean and long-stalked crops are interplanted, uses fertilizer provided by the invention and significantly can regulate Summer Soybean Root System Growth.Increase the long 4.7 ~ 19.2cm of summer soybean main root, increase root nodule number 25.3 ~ 89.4, improve chlorophyll content 0.3 ~ 0.7mg/g, improve Leaf nitrogen content 0.4 ~ 1.5mg/g, increase summer soybean Net Photosynthetic Rate 30.89 ~ 39.21%, increase summer soybean output 47.5 ~ 92.3kg/ mu, calculate according to 4 yuan/kg summer soybean, every mu increases economic benefit 190 ~ 369.2 yuan.
Comprehensive above-mentioned test-results, uses the fertilizer containing kitchen castoff converted products, effectively can increase summer soybean root nodule number, improves the chlorophyll content of summer soybean, Leaf nitrogen content and Net Photosynthetic Rate, improves summer soybean output, promotes increasing peasant income.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.