CN103780133A - Sliding friction based impulse generator and power generation method - Google Patents

Sliding friction based impulse generator and power generation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103780133A
CN103780133A CN201310309226.5A CN201310309226A CN103780133A CN 103780133 A CN103780133 A CN 103780133A CN 201310309226 A CN201310309226 A CN 201310309226A CN 103780133 A CN103780133 A CN 103780133A
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frictional layer
striker
layer
generator
electrode
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CN103780133B (en
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程纲
林宗宏
王中林
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Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems
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National Center for Nanosccience and Technology China
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Priority to PCT/CN2013/089232 priority patent/WO2015010419A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
    • H02N1/04—Friction generators

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Abstract

The invention provides a sliding friction based impulse generator and a power generation method. The generator comprises a first friction layer, a second friction layer and a touch switch, wherein the upper surface of the first friction layer is provided with a first electrode layer in a contact mode, the lower surface of the second friction layer is provided with a second electrode layer in a contact mode, the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are conducted through turning on the touch switch after sliding friction is generated between the lower surface of the first friction layer and the upper surface of the second friction layer and the contact area is changed, the touch switch is turned off after the impulse generator outputs impulse electric signals, and so on. Mechanical energies such as rotations, vibrations and the like applied to the generator are converted into the impulse electric signals to output.

Description

A kind of impulse generator and electricity-generating method based on sliding friction
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of generator, particularly relate to the impulse generator based on sliding friction and the electricity-generating method that mechanical energy are converted into instantaneous high power electrical pulse.
Background technology
The mechanical energy such as slip, vibrations, rotation are the form of energy extensively existing.At present, mechanical energy is converted into the principle that the generator of electric energy utilizes and mainly contains electrostatic induction, the piezoelectric property of electromagnetic induction and special material etc.But the electrostatic induction electricity generator of having invented, exists the shortcomings such as volume is large, applicability is narrow, ubiquity complex structure of induction generator and piezoelectric generator, has specific (special) requirements and the more high defect of cost to material.Triboelectricity machine is a kind of novel mode that mechanical energy is converted into electric energy of inventing recently.But triboelectricity machine exists output current and the little shortcoming of power output, can not change ubiquitous mechanical energy in environment into can effectively utilize electric energy.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a kind of device that utilizes sliding friction to generate electricity, generator can be converted into instantaneous powerful electricity pulse by mechanical energy such as rotation, vibrations, can provide great power pulse power source for electronic device.
For achieving the above object, this method provides a kind of rotary type pulse triboelectricity machine, comprising:
The first frictional layer; The first electrode layer that described the first frictional layer upper surface contact arranges;
The second frictional layer; The second electrode lay that described the second frictional layer lower surface contact arranges; The upper surface of the lower surface of described the first frictional layer and described the second frictional layer is staggered relatively;
Touch switch, it is multiple to striker that described touch switch comprises that striker and distance are fixed, wherein, described striker is communicated with described the first electrode layer, and can follow described the first electrode layer motion; All described striker is all communicated with described the second electrode lay, and can follow described the second electrode lay motion; When described striker is when contacting striker described in any one, described touch switch closure;
There is relative sliding friction in the lower surface of the upper surface of described the first frictional layer and described the second frictional layer, friction area changes simultaneously under the effect of external force, drive described striker when striker is contacted, between described the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay, to export pulse electrical signal with described.
Preferably, described the first frictional layer tangential slip along contact-making surface with respect to the glide direction of described the second frictional layer under described External Force Acting.
The maximum sliding distance that preferably, can contact and produce friction at the above first frictional layer lower surface of described glide direction with described the second frictional layer upper surface be not less than described striker successively with two described when striker is contacted described in the distance that moves of striker.
Preferably, a described striker is fixed on described the first electrode layer; Multiple described striker is fixed on described the second electrode lay.
Preferably, under described External Force Acting, described the first frictional layer rotates with respect to described the second frictional layer.
Preferably, when the upper surface contact area of the lower surface of described the first frictional layer and described the second frictional layer is minimum and maximum, described striker describedly contacts striker with one respectively.
Preferably, the lower surface of described the first frictional layer is fan-shaped; And/or the upper surface of described the second frictional layer is fan-shaped, and the lower surface of described the first frictional layer is all identical with upper surface area and the shape of the second frictional layer.
Preferably, described first fan-shaped and/or the second fan-shaped central angle is not more than 180 degree.
Preferably, the upper surface of the lower surface of described the first frictional layer and/or the second frictional layer is made up of multiple fan-shaped friction elements by white space interval.
Preferably, form the central angle of multiple fan-shaped friction elements of the upper surface of described the first frictional layer lower surface and/or the second frictional layer identical and interconnect by sharing summit; Described multiple fan-shaped friction element and described white space are alternately uniformly distributed in a plane or curved surface.
Preferably, on described the first electrode layer, also comprise the first rotating disk, the striker of described touch switch is fixed on the edge of described the first rotating disk, makes the position of described striker on described the first rotating disk corresponding with the centre position on a first fan-shaped arc limit of frictional layer.
Preferably, under described the second electrode lay, also comprise the second rotating disk, multiple head-on collisions of described touch switch are for the edge that is fixed on described the second rotating disk claiming, it is wherein, multiple that half in striker is fixed on to position on the second rotating disk is corresponding with the centre position on second two fan-shaped arc limits of frictional layer.
Preferably, described the first rotating disk and described the second rotating disk can coaxial rotation, are provided with the described fan-shaped friction element of same number, same shape, same size on described the first rotating disk and the second rotating disk.
Preferably, the number to striker that described touch switch comprises doubles the number of the friction element that forms the first frictional layer.
Preferably, corresponding the first electrode layer of multiple friction elements that forms described the first frictional layer is not communicated with mutually, and described touch switch comprises that the number of described striker equals the number of the friction element that forms described the first frictional layer.
Preferably, between described the first frictional layer and the material of described the second frictional layer, there is friction electrode order difference.
Preferably, described the first frictional layer and described the second frictional layer are insulating material, and described insulating material is selected from aniline-formaldehyde resin, polyformaldehyde, ethyl cellulose, polyamide nylon 11, polyamide nylon 66, wool and fabric thereof, silk and fabric thereof, paper, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyethyleneglycol adipate, polydiallyl phthalate, regenerated cellulosic sponge, cotton and fabric thereof, polyurethane elastomer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, Styrene-Butadiene, wood, hard rubber, acetate, staple fibre, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyisobutene, elastic polyurethane sponge, PETG, polyvinyl butyral resin, hycar, neoprene, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly-(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile), poly bisphenol carbonic ester, CPPG, polyvinylidene chloride, poly-(2,6-dimethyl polyphenylene oxide), polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly-diphenyl propane carbonic ester, PETG, polyimides, polyvinyl chloride, dimethyl silicone polymer, polytrifluorochloroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene and Parylene etc.
Preferably, the insulating material of described the first frictional layer or the second frictional layer can be replaced by metal or semi-conducting material; Described metal material is selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and the alloy being formed by above-mentioned metal; Described semi-conducting material is selected from SnO 2, ZnO, TiO 2, In 2o 3, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, GaN, Se, CdS, CdSe, CdTe, Si, Ge, PbS, InGaAs, PbSe, InSb, PbTe, HgCdTe, PbSn, HgS, HgSe, HgTe.
Preferably, the all or part of surface of the upper surface of the lower surface of described the first frictional layer and/or described the second frictional layer has the structural modification of nanometer or micro-meter scale or interspersing or coating of nano material, wherein, the structure of described nanometer or micro-meter scale is selected from nano wire, nanometer rods, nanotube, nanocone, nano particle, nanometer channel, micro wire, micron bar, micron tube, micron cone, micron particles and micron groove.
Preferably, the material of described the first electrode layer or the second electrode lay is selected from metal or alloy; Wherein, described metal is selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium; Described alloy is selected from alloy, the stainless steel that gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium form.
Preferably, described the first frictional layer lower surface is identical or complementary with described the second frictional layer upper surface shape, makes in the time rotating, and described the first frictional layer lower surface contacts completely with described the second frictional layer upper surface.
Preferably, the striker of described touch switch and the material to striker are selected from metal or alloy; Described metal is selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium; Described alloy is selected from alloy, the stainless steel that gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium form.
Preferably, described striker and/or be flexible electric conducting material to striker.
Preferably, described the first rotating disk is electric conducting material, and described the first rotating disk substitutes described the first electrode layer;
And/or described the second rotating disk is electric conducting material, described the second rotating disk substitutes described the second electrode lay.
Preferably, described the first frictional layer, the second frictional layer, the first electrode layer and/or the second electrode lay are flexibility or elastomeric material.
Accordingly, the present invention also provides a kind of electricity-generating method, comprises step:
The first frictional layer that provides upper surface contact that the first electrode layer is set, provides lower surface contact that the second frictional layer of the second electrode lay is set;
The lower surface of described the first frictional layer contacts with the upper surface of described the second frictional layer;
After the upper surface slide friction of the lower surface of the first frictional layer and the second frictional layer and contact area change, the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay conducting, after outwards exporting the first pulse electrical signal between the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay, the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay disconnect;
The upper surface of the lower surface of the first frictional layer and the second frictional layer continues relative sliding, until the conducting again of the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay, after outwards exporting the second pulse electrical signal between the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay, the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay disconnect again;
Repeat the step of the lower surface of above-mentioned the first frictional layer and the upper surface relative sliding of the second frictional layer.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, in the case of using identical the first frictional layer and the second frictional layer material, due to the access of touch switch, can greatly improve output current and power output, expand triboelectricity machine in large electric current, application aspect high-power.
2, formed in the situation of two frictional layers by multiple fan-shaped friction elements, two relative high speed rotating of frictional layer, generator can be exported the pulse electrical signal of high frequency.
3, can, with electrode layer directly as a frictional layer material, simplify the structure of generator.
4, can carry out micro-, applied field on frictional layer surface, improve the electricity output characteristic of generator.In addition, be combined with full-bridge rectifier and can change the ac signal of output into unidirectional pulse signal, not only can be used as the pulse power and directly apply to the fields such as electrochemistry, can also be capacitor or lithium ion cell charging, also can provide required power supply for various small portable electronic devices.
5, electric generator structure of the present invention is simple, and preparation method is simple, without specific (special) requirements, can change the mechanical energy of the generations such as wave, wind energy, plant equipment and human motion into electric energy to material, has practical use widely.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Shown in accompanying drawing, above-mentioned and other object of the present invention, Characteristics and advantages will be more clear.In whole accompanying drawings, identical Reference numeral is indicated identical part.Deliberately do not draw accompanying drawing by actual size equal proportion convergent-divergent, focus on illustrating purport of the present invention.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are the typical structure schematic diagram of generator of the present invention;
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are the link position schematic diagram of touch switch in generator of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the operation principle schematic diagram of generator of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the electric generator structure schematic diagram that in the present invention, frictional layer surface is concaveconvex structure;
Fig. 7 to Figure 13 is the structural representation of the generator that is made up of two fan-shaped friction elements of the frictional layer of generator of the present invention;
Figure 14 is the structural representation of the generator that is made up of four fan-shaped friction elements of the frictional layer of generator of the present invention;
Figure 15 is the electric generator structure schematic diagram that generator that frictional layer is made up of multiple fan-shaped friction elements comprises multiple strikers;
Figure 16 is the SiO of the first frictional layer 2the ESEM picture of nano-particle layer;
Figure 17 is the open circuit voltage measurement result of generator;
Figure 18 is generator output current curve when different rotating speeds under 22M Ω load;
Figure 19 is this generator output current curve when High Rotation Speed under 500 Ω loads.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the invention process example, the technical scheme in the invention process example is clearly and completely described.Obviously, described exemplifying embodiment is only the present invention's part exemplifying embodiment, rather than whole exemplifying embodiments.Based on the exemplifying embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skills, not making the every other exemplifying embodiment obtaining under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Secondly, the present invention is described in detail in conjunction with schematic diagram, and in the time that the invention process example is described in detail in detail, for ease of explanation, described schematic diagram is example, should not limit the scope of protection of the invention.
The invention provides a kind of impulse generator that ubiquitous mechanical energy in environment can be changed into electric energy, its technical scheme is, utilize and exist two kinds of friction materials of friction electrode order difference to rub mutually, produce surface charge, between electrode layer respectively at two frictional layer laminatings, produce electromotive force, between two electrode layers, introduce a touch switch, the "off" producing by touch switch and " closure " two different states, play control to the generation of dynamo current used; While making switch closed, between two electrode layers, produce an instantaneous large electric current, powerful electricity pulse signal.
While having utilized the frictional layer material contact with differentiated friction electrode order, there is the principle that surface charge shifts in generator of the present invention." friction electrode order " described in the present invention, refer to the sequence of the attraction degree of electric charge being carried out according to material, bi-material is in the moment being in contact with one another, and the material surface that positive charge is born from friction electrode order Semi-polarity on contact-making surface is transferred to the material surface of friction electrode order Semi-polarity calibration.Up to now, the mechanism that does not also have explanation electric charge that a kind of unified theory can be complete to shift, it is generally acknowledged, this electric charge shifts relevant with the surface work function of material, and by electronics or ion, the transfer on contact-making surface realizes electric charge transfer.It should be noted that, friction electrode order is a kind of statistics based on experience, be that bi-material differs far away in this sequence, the probability that after contact, the positive negativity of the electric charge that produces and this sequence are consistent is just larger, and actual result is subject to the impact of many factors, such as material surface roughness, ambient humidity with whether have relative friction etc.If inventor's discovery bi-material is in more approaching position in friction electrode order, after contact, the positive negativity of CHARGE DISTRIBUTION may and not meet the prediction of this sequence.Need to further illustrate and be, the transfer of electric charge does not need the relative friction between bi-material, is in contact with one another as long as exist, and therefore, strictly speaking, the statement of the electrode order that rubs is inaccurate, but uses till today due to historical reasons always.
" triboelectric charge " described in the present invention or " contact electric charge ", refer to the material that there are differences two kinds of friction electrode order polarity contact and is separating afterwards its surperficial with electric charge, it is generally acknowledged, this electric charge is only distributed in the surface of material, and distribution depth capacity is only about 10 nanometers.Research is found, this electric charge can keep the time of growing, according to factors such as humidity in environment, its retention time even reaches a couple of days in a few hours, and the quantity of electric charge of its disappearance can be by contacting and supplemented again, therefore, the inventor thinks, the electric weight that contacts in the present invention electric charge can be similar to be thought and keep constant.It should be noted that, the symbol of contact electric charge is the symbol of net charge, and at the aggregation zone that may have negative electrical charge with the some areas of material surface that just contact electric charge, but the symbol of whole surperficial net charge is for just.
Introduce in detail the embodiment of the impulse generator based on sliding friction of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is a kind of typical structure that the present invention is based on the impulse generator of sliding friction.Comprise: the first frictional layer 101, contact with the first frictional layer 101 upper surfaces arrange the first electrode layer 102, the second frictional layer 201, contact with the second frictional layer lower surface setting the second electrode lay 202; The upper surface of the lower surface of the first frictional layer 101 and the second frictional layer 201 is staggered relatively; Touch switch, comprises that fixing two of a striker 301 and distance are to striker 302 and 303, and wherein, striker 301 is communicated with the first electrode layer 102, and can follow the first electrode layer 102 and move; Described two are all communicated with the second electrode lay 202 striker 302 and 303, and can follow the second electrode lay 202 and move; When striker 301 with two to striker 302 and 303 in any one collision while contacting, touch switch closure; Under the effect of external force, the first frictional layer 101 lower surfaces and the second frictional layer 202 upper surface relative slidings, friction area changes simultaneously, the outside circuit output pulse signal of telecommunication between the first electrode layer 102 and the second electrode lay 202.
Fig. 2 is the schematic top plan view of generator in Fig. 1, under external force, in the time that the first frictional layer 101 slides with respect to the second frictional layer 201, striker 301 can with striker 302 or 303 is contacted, make to realize electric connection between the first electrode layer 102 and the second electrode lay 202.In Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, be the schematic diagram of electric generator structure of the present invention, in generator, structure and the shape of the first frictional layer, the second frictional layer and corresponding the first electrode layer, the second electrode lay can have multiple variation.The striker 301 of touch switch, two can, according to actual conditions formation and modification, be followed the first electrode layer motion as long as can meet striker 301 to striker 302 and 303 fixed position, shape etc. separately, and striker is followed to the second electrode lay motion.
Two set positions to striker 302 and 303, are preferably, the tangential slip along contact-making surface with respect to the glide direction of the second frictional layer 201 at the first frictional layer 101.In described glide direction, preferred, the maximum sliding distance that the first frictional layer 101 lower surfaces and the second frictional layer 201 upper surfaces could contact and produce friction be not less than described striker successively when described two contact striker described in the distance that moves of striker.Concrete, can be the translation gliding along contact-making surface for the first frictional layer 101 with respect to the glide direction of the second frictional layer, the upper surface of 101 of the first frictional layer lower surface and the second frictional layer slides and staggers along the direction of putting forth effort, referring to Fig. 3, under external force F effect, the first frictional layer 101 staggers the lower surface of the first frictional layer 101 and the upper surface of the second frictional layer 201 with respect to the second frictional layer 201 along the translation gliding (along the direction of arrow) of contact-making surface, the striker 301 of touch switch is arranged on the first electrode layer 102(or the first frictional layer 101) low order end, two are separately positioned on the second electrode lay 202(or the second frictional layer 201 to striker 302 and 303) two ends, left and right, when making the lower surface of the first frictional layer 101 and the upper surface of the second frictional layer 201 overlaps substantially or contact area being maximum, striker 301 contacts with 302 collisions of first pair of striker, the first frictional layer is being subject to slide on force direction the lower surface of the first frictional layer 101 and the upper surface contact area of the second frictional layer 201 hour with respect to the second frictional layer, and striker 301 contacts with 303 collisions of second pair of striker.Same, the first frictional layer 101 also can be for rotatablely moving with respect to the second frictional layer 201, the i.e. upper surface rotational slide of the lower surface of the first frictional layer 101 and the second frictional layer, upper surface with the first frictional layer lower surface and the second frictional layer is fan-shaped, and area and shape are all identical, and sharing same summit is example, referring to Fig. 4, under external force, the first frictional layer 101 rotates along the direction of arrow with respect to the second frictional layer 201, the lower surface of the first frictional layer 101 and the upper surface of the second frictional layer 201 are staggered, the striker 301 of touch switch is arranged on the first electrode layer 102(or the first frictional layer 101) low order end, two are separately positioned on the second electrode lay 202(or the second frictional layer 201 to striker 302 and 303) two ends, left and right, when making the lower surface of the first frictional layer 101 and the upper surface of the second frictional layer 201 overlaps substantially or contact area being maximum, striker 301 contacts with 302 collisions of first pair of striker, the first frictional layer is being subject to slide on force direction the lower surface of the first frictional layer 101 and the upper surface contact area of the second frictional layer 201 hour with respect to the second frictional layer, and striker 301 contacts with 303 collisions of second pair of striker.Preferably, the fan-shaped central angle of the first frictional layer and the second frictional layer is not more than 180 degree.Here not limiting in relative rotation the lower surface of the first frictional layer and the upper surface one of the second frictional layer and be decided to be plane, can be also curved surface.
For convenience of description, selection principle and the material ranges of principle of the present invention, each parts are described below with reference to the typical structure of Fig. 2, but these contents are also not only confined to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 obviously, but can be for all technical schemes disclosed in this invention.
Fig. 5 is the operation principle schematic diagram of the impulse generator based on sliding friction.In the time that the lower surface of the first frictional layer 101 of generator and the upper surface of the second frictional layer 201 contact with each other, produce contact electric charge on the surface of two frictional layers, the friction of the first frictional layer 101 and the second frictional layer 201 occurred level directions under external force, the position of the corrigendum of the material of setting the first frictional layer 101 lower surfaces here in frictional series table, the more negative position of the material of the second frictional layer 201 upper surfaces in frictional series table.Therefore, in the time of the first frictional layer 101 lower surfaces and the second frictional layer 201 upper surface friction, the surface of the first frictional layer 101 produces positive contact electric charge, and the surface of the second frictional layer 201 produces negative contact electric charge.Along with the effect of external force, the first frictional layer 101 and the second frictional layer 201 separate gradually, and positive and negative triboelectric charge is separated in the horizontal direction, and produce electrical potential difference between the first electrode layer 102 and the second electrode lay 202.But now striker 301 does not all contact with 303 striker 302 with two, the touch switch of generator is in off-state, therefore, can not be between the first electrode layer 102 and the second electrode lay 202 generation current, as shown in Figure 5 a.When the first frictional layer 101 lower surfaces and the second frictional layer 201 upper surfaces are completely separately time, striker 301 contacts with first pair of striker 302, and therefore generator changes closure state into from off state moment, as shown in Figure 5 b.Owing to having positive electromotive force on the first electrode layer 102, therefore, electronics flows to the first electrode layer 102 from the second electrode lay 202, on the first electrode layer 102, produce negative induction electric charge, on the second electrode lay 202, produce positive induction electric charge, in this process, generator is exported positive current impulse, as shown in Figure 5 b.In the opposite direction under External Force Acting, the contact area of the first frictional layer 101 lower surfaces and the second frictional layer 201 upper surfaces increases gradually, in this process, striker 301 does not all contact striker with two, generator is in off-state, and therefore, induction electric charge can not flow between the first electrode layer 102 and the second electrode lay 202, still rest on electrode layer, as shown in Figure 5 c.In the time that the first frictional layer 101 lower surfaces contact completely with the second frictional layer 201 upper surfaces, striker 301 contacts with second pair of striker 303, and therefore generator changes closure state into from off state moment, as shown in Fig. 5 d.Now, the electromotive force that positive and negative triboelectric charge produces on the first electrode layer 102 is cancelled out each other, positive and negative induction electric charge produces negative electrical potential difference on the first electrode layer 102, therefore, under the driving of the negative potential of the first electrode layer 102, the negative induction electric charge of the first electrode layer 102 flows to the second electrode lay 202, and cancels out each other with the positive induction electric charge on the second electrode lay 202, finally makes the electromotive force vanishing of the first electrode layer.In this process, produce instantaneous negative current, as shown in Fig. 5 d.Along with the periodicity effect of external force in the other direction, striker 301 will bump to striker 302 and 303 with two and contact successively, when each collision contact, between the first electrode layer 102 of generator and the second electrode lay 202, will export an instantaneous current impulse.
Generator of the present invention, touch switch is the critical component that generator produces large probability output, the reciprocatingly sliding in process with respect to the second frictional layer at the first frictional layer, the electricity output of generator is subject to the control of contact-making switch, in the time that contact-making switch disconnects, generator, in off state, does not have electric current to produce; When the moment of contact-making switch closure, generator is in closed circuit state, and produces instantaneous high-power output.Described striker with the material of striker is selected to metal or alloy; Described metal is selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium; Described alloy is selected from alloy, the stainless steel that gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium form.Preferably, striker and/or be flexible electric conducting material to striker, the first frictional layer with respect to the second frictional layer friction process in, there is elastic deformation with can collide striker to contact in striker, guarantee described striker and described to the excellent electric contact between striker, and can separate.Striker with can set according to the shape of frictional layer the number of striker, contact generator comprises striker or the number of striker is not limited to protection scope of the present invention.Preferably, be even number to the number of striker.
In generator of the present invention, the first frictional layer 101 and the second frictional layer 201 need to meet: the material of the material of the first frictional layer 101 and the second frictional layer 201 exists friction electrode order difference.
Insulating material, for example conventional high molecular polymer all has friction electrical characteristics, all can be used as preparation the present invention the first frictional layer 101, the material of the second frictional layer 201, enumerates some conventional macromolecule polymer materials herein: polytetrafluoroethylene, dimethyl silicone polymer, polyimide film, aniline-formaldehyde resin film, polyformaldehyde film, ethyl cellulose film, polyamide film, melamino-formaldehyde film, polyethylene glycol succinate film, cellophane, cellulose acetate film, polyethylene glycol adipate film, polydiallyl phthalate film, regenerated fiber sponge film, elastic polyurethane body thin film, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer copolymer film, styrene-butadiene-copolymer film, staple fibre film, poly-methyl film, methacrylic acid ester film, polyvinyl alcohol film, polyester film, polyisobutene film, polyurethane flexible sponge film, pet film, polyvinyl butyral film, phenolic resins film, neoprene film, butadiene-propylene copolymer film, natural rubber film, polyacrylonitrile film, poly-(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile) film or polyethylene the third diphenol carbonate thin film, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, Merlon or polymeric liquid crystal copolymer, polychlorobutadiene, polyacrylonitrile, poly-biphenol carbonic ester, CPPG, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride.Reason as space is limited; can not carry out exhaustive to all possible material; only list several concrete polymeric materials herein for technical staff's reference; but obviously these concrete materials can not become the restrictive factor of protection range of the present invention; because under the enlightenment of technical solution of the present invention, the friction electrical characteristics that those skilled in the art has according to these materials are easy to select other similar materials.
With respect to insulator, semiconductor and metal all have the friction electrical characteristics that easily lose electronics.Therefore, semiconductor and metal also can be used as the raw material of preparation the first frictional layer 101 or the second frictional layer 201.Conventional semiconductor comprises: silicon, germanium; III and V compounds of group, such as GaAs, gallium phosphide etc.; II and VI compounds of group, such as cadmium sulfide, zinc sulphide etc.; And the solid solution being formed by III-V compounds of group and II-VI compounds of group, such as gallium aluminum arsenide, gallium arsenic phosphide etc.Except above-mentioned Crystalline Semiconductors, also have amorphous glass semiconductor, organic semiconductor etc.Non-conductive oxide, conductor oxidate and complex oxide also have friction electrical characteristics, can form surface charge at friction process, therefore also can be used as frictional layer of the present invention, the for example oxide of manganese, chromium, iron, copper, also comprises silica, manganese oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, cupric oxide, zinc oxide, BiO 2and Y 2o 3; Conventional metal comprises gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and the alloy being formed by above-mentioned metal.Certainly, can also use other materials with conductive characteristic to serve as the frictional layer material that easily loses electronics, for example indium tin oxide ITO.
Found through experiments, when the first frictional layer 101 and the second frictional layer 201 materials electronic capability while differing larger (the position in friction electrode order differs far away), the signal of telecommunication that generator is exported is stronger.So, can be according to actual needs, select suitable material to prepare the first frictional layer 101, the second frictional layer 201, to obtain better output effect.
The thickness of the first frictional layer 101 of the present invention, the second frictional layer 201 has no special requirements, and the preferred frictional layer of the present invention is film, and thickness is 10nm-5mm, preferably 10nm-1mm, more preferably 100nm-500 μ m.
In generator of the present invention, can also carry out physical modification to the upper surface of the lower surface of the first frictional layer 101 and/or the second frictional layer 201, make its all or part of surface there is the micro-structural of micron or sub-micrometer scale, to strengthen the contact area between the first frictional layer 101 and the second frictional layer 201, thereby increase the contact quantity of electric charge.Concrete method of modifying comprises photoengraving, chemical etching and plasma etching etc.Also can by nano material intersperse or the mode of coating realizes this object.Described micro-structural can be selected from nano wire, nanotube, nano particle, nanometer channel, micron groove, nanocone, micron cone, nanosphere and micron chondritic.Be preferably at the upper surface of the lower surface of the first frictional layer 101, the second frictional layer 201 and comprise above-mentioned micro-, array that nanostructure forms.
In addition, can also carry out chemical modification at the upper surface of the lower surface of the first frictional layer 101 and/or the second frictional layer 201, can further improve the transfer amount of electric charge at Contact, thereby improve the power output of contact charge density and generator.Chemical modification is divided into again following two types:
A kind of method is for the first frictional layer of mutual slip and the second frictional layer, be that positive material surface is introduced easier betatopic functional group (strong to electron cloud) relatively in friction electrode order, or relatively introduce the functional group (electrophilic group by force) of the electronics that is more easy to get for negative material surface in friction electrode order, can both further improve the transfer amount of electric charge in the time being in contact with one another, thereby improve the power output of triboelectric charge density and generator.Comprise to electron cloud by force: amino, hydroxyl, alkoxyl etc.; Electrophilic group comprises by force: acyl group, carboxyl, nitro, sulfonic group etc.The introducing of functional group can using plasma surface modification etc. conventional method.For example can make the gaseous mixture of oxygen and nitrogen produce plasma under certain power, thereby introduce amino at frictional layer material surface.
Another method is the first friction frictional layer and the second frictional layer for phase mutual friction, is that positive material surface is introduced positive charge, and is that negative material surface is introduced negative electrical charge in polarity in polarity.Specifically can realize by the mode of chemical bonding.For example, can utilize the method for sol-gel to modify tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) on polydimethylsiloxane frictional layer surface, and make it electronegative.Also can on metallic gold thin layer, utilize the bond of gold-sulphur to modify the golden nanometer particle of upper surface containing softex kw (CTAB), because softex kw is cation, therefore can make whole frictional layer become positively charged.Those skilled in the art can be according to the kind of the receiving and losing electrons character of frictional layer or electrode layer material and surface chemistry key; select suitable decorative material and its bonding; to reach object of the present invention, therefore such distortion is all within protection scope of the present invention.
Preferably, the first frictional layer 101 and the second frictional layer 201 are selected elastomeric material or flexible material, can increase the contact area while being subject to External Force Acting.Equally, the first electrode layer 102 or the second electrode lay 202, also can be elastomeric material or flexible material, make generator of the present invention become a flexible device.The use of flexible material makes generator of the present invention in biological and medical science, in field, also have application very widely.Can also be ultra-thin with having, soft in the process using, there is elasticity and/or transparent macromolecular material does substrate, encapsulate with easy to use and improve intensity.Obviously, all structures disclosed by the invention can and have flexible material with corresponding ultra-soft to be made, thereby forms flexible generator, here just do not repeat one by one, but the various designs that derive thus should all be included in the protection range of this patent.
The first electrode layer 102 and the second electrode lay 202 are two conducting elements, as long as possess the characteristic that can conduct electricity, can select conventional electrode material, such as metal, alloy, conductive oxide or organic substance conductor etc., wherein, metal is selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium etc., more preferably metallic film, such as aluminium film, golden film, copper film etc.; Alloy is selected from alloy, the stainless steel etc. that gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium form.Conventional conductive oxide comprises semiconductor and the conductive organic matter of indium tin oxide ITO, ion doping type.The surperficial close contact of the best and corresponding frictional layer of electrode layer, to guarantee the efficiency of transmission of electric charge, mode is that electric conducting material is become to film by the mode of deposition on the surface of corresponding frictional layer preferably, and thickness can be 10nm-5mm, is preferably 100nm-500 μ m; Concrete deposition process can be electron beam evaporation, plasma sputtering, magnetron sputtering or evaporation.In reality, those skilled in the art can be according to the selection of each frictional layer material, determine respective electrode layer material and preparation method's selection, for example, to guarantee the excellent electric contact of electrode layer and corresponding frictional layer (the first electrode layer 102 and the first frictional layer 101).The selection of concrete electrode layer material is not as the condition that limits protection range of the present invention.
Although in the electric generator structure shown in accompanying drawing, the upper surface of the lower surface of the first frictional layer and the second frictional layer is plane, in reality, the upper surface of the lower surface of the first frictional layer and the second frictional layer can be curved surface or irregular relief structured surface, preferably, the lower surface of the first frictional layer is identical or complementary with the upper surface shape of the second frictional layer, make, in the first frictional layer lower surface and the second frictional layer upper surface relative sliding process, can contact or occur the situation of contact area maximum completely.
Referring to Fig. 6, it is a not exclusively exemplary embodiments of contact of two frictional layers of the present invention.The major part of this embodiment is identical with the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, only the difference of the two is described herein.The lower surface of embodiment the first frictional layer 111 shown in Fig. 6 is relatively little, and the upper surface of its lower surface and the second frictional layer 211 is all prepared into the out-of-flatness surface with concaveconvex structure, after the two contact, in the process of relative sliding, can form the variation of contact area, thereby realize the object of outside output electrical signals.This embodiment can be used for lower surface relative position variable too small or the first frictional layer 111 and the second frictional layer 211 because of the first frictional layer 111 when smaller, the size of external force or frictional layer movably insufficient space so that generator is exported the situation of the suitable signal of telecommunication, effectively control the contact area of the first frictional layer 11 and the second frictional layer 211 by the setting on out-of-flatness surface, and produced the required effective relative displacement of the signal of telecommunication.The surface area that those skilled in the art can predict the second frictional layer 211 hour also can adopt which to realize object of the present invention completely; and the setting of surface irregularity pattern also can be selected according to actual conditions, therefore these are out of shape all within protection scope of the present invention.
The first frictional layer of the present invention and/or the second frictional layer can also be patterned frictional layer, and the first frictional layer or the second frictional layer are made up of multiple friction elements.The friction element that forms frictional layer can be ribbon or fan-shaped, between multiple friction elements, can interconnect, and also can not be communicated with.In the time that the first frictional layer rotates with respect to the second frictional layer, the part lower surface of the first frictional layer can produce sliding friction alternately with the part upper surface of the second frictional layer.Form the situation of the first frictional layer and the second frictional layer for the identical fan-shaped friction element of the shape and size by same number, preferred, the number to striker that touch switch comprises doubles the number of the friction element that forms the first frictional layer.Further, for the mutual disconnected situation of corresponding the first electrode layer of multiple friction elements that forms the first friction, the number of the striker that touch switch comprises equals the number of the friction element that forms the first frictional layer.Introduce in detail the structure of the generator that the first frictional layer or the second frictional layer be made up of multiple fan-shaped friction elements below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Referring to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, Fig. 7 is the schematic top plan view of the present embodiment generator, Fig. 8 is the cross-sectional view of generator, wherein, the first frictional layer 101 is for by two the 90 symmetrical figure (see figure 9)s that form of the fan-shaped friction element of degree, and two 90 fan-shaped friction elements of degree and white space alternately all should distribute in plane or curved surface.Accordingly, the first electrode layer 102 is all identical with the shape and size of the first frictional layer 101, in order to strengthen the intensity of the first frictional layer, on the first electrode layer, also comprise the first rotating disk 103, the vertical view of the first rotating disk 103 is all identical with the shape and size of the first frictional layer 101 lower surfaces, the striker 301 of touch switch is fixed on the edge of the first rotating disk 103 and is communicated with by wire with the first electrode layer 102, preferably, on the axis of striker 301 fixing flabellums of rotating disk, make the position of striker on the first rotating disk corresponding with the centre position on a first fan-shaped arc limit of frictional layer, see Fig. 9.Accordingly, the second frictional layer 201 is for spending the symmetrical figures that form of fan-shaped friction element (with reference to Figure 10) by two 90, with the figure of the first frictional layer and measure-alike, accordingly, the second electrode lay 202 is all identical with the shape and size of the second frictional layer 201, in order to strengthen the intensity of the second frictional layer 201, under the second electrode lay, also comprise the second rotating disk 203, touch switch comprises that 4 are fixed on the edge of the second rotating disk and are communicated with by wire with the second electrode lay for the equally distributed of title 311,312,313 and 314, four head-on collisions of striker.Preferably, four in striker, two that striker (311 and 313) is fixed on to position on the second rotating disk is corresponding with the centre position on second two fan-shaped arc limits of frictional layer, see Figure 10, such setting, make the lower surface of the first frictional layer 101 and the upper surface of the second frictional layer 201 contacts area when minimum and maximum striker with to striker, collision contacts.The first rotating disk 103 and the second rotating disk 203 can coaxial rotation, are provided with the fan-shaped friction element of same number, same shape, same size on the first rotating disk and the second rotating disk.Preferably, comprise the flabellum of same number on the first rotating disk, the second rotating disk, the shape of described flabellum is identical with described friction element with size.On the second rotating disk 203, be alternately distributed the position and the white space 204 that are occupied by the second electrode lay 202 and the second frictional layer 201, region and white space alternative arrangement that same the first frictional layer 101 and the first electrode layer 102 occupy, in the time that external force makes the first rotating disk 103 carry out coaxial rotation with respect to the second rotating disk 203, drive the first fan-shaped frictional layer 101 lower surfaces and fan-shaped the second frictional layer 201 upper surfaces to carry out sliding friction, in the time that the lower surface of the first frictional layer 101 and the upper surface of the second frictional layer overlap completely, striker 301 contacts with first pair of striker 311, see Figure 11, the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay are communicated with, generator output transient pulse.Figure 12 is the plan structure schematic diagram of the first frictional layer 101 lower surfaces and the second frictional layer 201 upper surfaces generator while separating certain angle, now, striker 301 does not all contact striker with four, and the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay disconnect, and generator does not have electric current output.Figure 13 is the plan structure schematic diagram of the first frictional layer 101 lower surfaces and the second frictional layer 201 upper surfaces generator completely separately time, now, striker 301 contacts with second pair of striker 312, makes the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay UNICOM, generator output transient pulse.Along with being rotated further of generator, striker 301 will bump to striker with four and contact successively, and makes the generator output transient pulse signal of telecommunication.In the reciprocating rotation process of generator, the electricity output of generator is subject to the control of contact-making switch.In the time that contact-making switch disconnects, generator, in off state, does not have electric current to produce; When the moment of contact-making switch closure, generator is in closed circuit state, and produces instantaneous high-power output.
In above-described embodiment, the first frictional layer 101 and the second frictional layer 201 identical fan-shapedly form by two, in other embodiments of the invention, the first frictional layer or the second frictional layer can also be made up of more identical fan-shaped friction elements, be preferably plane or curved surface that fan-shaped friction element and white space replace complete, more preferably, described fan-shaped friction element is identical with the shape of described white space, all fan-shaped friction elements and white space share same summit and form plane or curved surface, plane can be circular, curved surface can be pyramid or bullet shape curved surface.
By increasing the number of the fan-shaped friction element that the first frictional layer and the second frictional layer comprise, can under identical rotating speed, improve the pulse output frequency of generator.Referring to Figure 14, in this embodiment with Fig. 7 to 13 in the structure of generator basic identical, only list different parts at this, wherein, the fan-shaped friction element that the first frictional layer 101 and the second frictional layer 201 are 45 degree by four radians forms, and four fan-shaped friction elements share same summit formation centrosymmetric image.Touch switch is made up of striker (321,322,323,324,325,326,327 and 328) the striker 301 and symmetrical 8 of being fixed on the second rotating disk 203 edges that are fixed on the first rotating disk 103 edges, wherein, striker 301 is arranged on the axis of a fan-shaped friction element of the one 103 rotating disk, and eight are arranged on respectively on the each fan-shaped friction element of the second rotating disk 203 and the axis of fan-shaped clear area striker.Along with the first rotating disk 103 and the second rotating disk 203 relatively rotate along common center, the lower surface of the first frictional layer 101 and the second frictional layer 201 upper surface generation sliding frictions, and contact area alternately changes to minimum from maximum, striker 301 will bump to striker with 8 and contact successively simultaneously, and makes the generator output transient pulse signal of telecommunication.In the reciprocating rotation process of generator, the electricity output of generator is subject to the control of contact-making switch.In the time that contact-making switch disconnects, generator, in off state, does not have electric current to produce; When the moment of contact-making switch closure, generator is in closed circuit state, and produces instantaneous high-power output.Therefore, can be by the setting of multiple fan-shaped friction elements of formation frictional layer, obtain the signal of telecommunication output of high frequency.
For the generator that is formed frictional layer by multiple fan-shaped friction elements, referring to Figure 15, if form the first friction 101(or the second frictional layer 201) multiple fan-shaped friction element between be not communicated with, and the first electrode layer 102(or the second electrode lay 202 of its correspondence) between also form and be not communicated with mutually by multiple electrode units, can be on the first rotating disk symmetrical two strikers 301 and 3011 that arrange, make that two strikers can collision contacts to striker with two respectively simultaneously like this.The generator of this spline structure can be regarded two generator units generator forming in parallel as.The generator being formed by more mutual disconnected friction elements for frictional layer, same, can be at the setting of the edge of the first rotating disk symmetry and the striker that forms the friction element number of the first frictional layer and equate, and the setting of the edge of the second rotating disk symmetry double striker number to striker.
In other embodiment of the present invention, the insulating material of the first frictional layer 101 or the second frictional layer 201 can be substituted by electric conducting material, therefore, can accordingly the first frictional layer 101 or the second frictional layer 201 be substituted to the first electrode layer 102 or the second electrode lay 202.The electric conducting material here can adopt the electric conducting material of the first electrode layer or the second electrode lay, no longer repeats at this.Such frictional layer material is selected, and can simplify the structure of generator.
In the present invention, the first rotating disk 103 and the second rotating disk 203 can adopt conduction or non-conducting material preparation, can be selected from the insulating material such as glass, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene board or polyvinyl chloride.Described the first rotating disk is that electric conducting material can substitute described the first electrode layer; And/or described the second rotating disk is that electric conducting material can substitute described the second electrode lay.Such material is selected, and can simplify the structure of generator.
Electric generator structure of the present invention is simple, and preparation method is simple, and material, without specific (special) requirements, in actual use, only need simply be fixed and be encapsulated, and can be applicable to the conversion between rotary machine energy and electric energy, has practical use widely.
Accordingly, the present invention also provides a kind of electricity-generating method, comprises step:
The first frictional layer that provides upper surface contact that the first electrode layer is set, provides lower surface contact that the second frictional layer of the second electrode lay is set;
The lower surface of described the first frictional layer contacts with the upper surface of described the second frictional layer;
After the upper surface slide friction of the lower surface of the first frictional layer and the second frictional layer and contact area change, the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay conducting, after outwards exporting the first pulse electrical signal between the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay, the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay disconnect;
The upper surface of the lower surface of the first frictional layer and the second frictional layer continues relative sliding, until the conducting again of the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay, after outwards exporting the second pulse electrical signal between the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay, the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay disconnect again;
Repeat the step of the lower surface of above-mentioned the first frictional layer and the upper surface relative sliding of the second frictional layer.
In described electricity-generating method, the material of the first frictional layer, the first electrode layer, the second frictional layer and the second electrode lay using is identical with the appropriate section in the aforesaid impulse generator based on sliding friction of the present invention with structure, electricity generating principle is also identical with the electricity generating principle of aforementioned generator, is not here repeating.The first frictional layer contact with the second frictional layer and separation process in the first pulse electrical signal and the second pulse electrical signal that form be reverse impulse signal.Conducting between the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay can realize by switch, and the load that can be connected needs power supply between the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay realizes the outside output electrical signals of electricity-generating method.
In above all embodiment, can modify to improve two contacts area between frictional layer by the structure processing, the material that frictional layer surface are carried out to micron, nanoscale.Take the generator shown in Fig. 7 as example, preparation process and the finishing process of generator is described below.
First,, take polymethyl methacrylate PMMA as material, process the first rotating disk 103, the second rotating disks 203 by the method for laser cutting.Then the method for utilizing magnetron sputtering at the Au of the lower surface of the first rotating disk 103 and upper surface evaporation 100 nanometers of the second rotating disk 203 as the first electrode layer 102 and the second electrode lay 202.The first electrode layer is put into and contained SiO 2in the solution of nano particle, utilize the method for self assembly at lower surface assembling one deck SiO of the first electrode layer 102 2nano particle is as the first frictional layer 101.Figure 16 is the SiO of the first frictional layer 101 2electronic scanner microscope (SEM) picture of nano particle, as shown in the figure, SiO 2nano particle marshalling, size is about 240 nanometers.Utilize the method for spin-coating to prepare dimethyl silicone polymer (PDMS) film as the second frictional layer 203 at the upper surface of the second electrode lay 202.On the first rotating disk, fix striker and it is connected with the first electrode layer by wire, symmetrically on the second rotating disk fixing 4 and be connected by wire to striker and with the second electrode lay.
In the time of the first rotating disk of generator and the second rotating disk generation coaxial rotation, drive the friction that slides over each other of the first frictional layer and the second frictional layer, striker with striker is collided while contacting, can output AC pulse signal between the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay.Take the device of the generator of above-mentioned preparation as example, show the output characteristic of generator below.Figure 17 is the open circuit voltage characteristic of generator, shows the about 115V of open circuit voltage.The output current curve of generator under different rotating speeds when Figure 18 is load 22M Ω.Curve shows, rotating speed be respectively 10rpm (rpm), when 50rpm, 100rmp, 200rmp and 400rpm, the output current of generator remains on 6 μ A left and right, does not change with the rotation speed change of generator.Figure 19 be generator at load 500 Ω, output current curve when rotating speed 1600rpm after full-wave rectification bridge rectification.Curve shows, instantaneous output current and the power output of generator in the time of 500 Ω is respectively 0.26A and 33.8W, and pulse output frequency reaches 167.7Hz, and corresponding output current density and output power density are respectively 104A/m 2with 1.4 × 10 4w/m 2.This has shown that this impulse generator based on sliding friction has the excellent specific property of the large electric current of output, high-power, high-frequency pulse signal.
The signal of telecommunication of the generator output of the each exemplifying embodiment of the present invention is the alternating-current pulse signal of telecommunication, can connect full-bridge rectifier at the output of generator, is the unidirectional pulse signal of telecommunication by the output signal rectification of generator.The unidirectional pulse signal of telecommunication of generator output, not only can be used as the pulse power and directly apply to the fields such as electrochemistry, can also be used to charge to energy-storage travelling wave tube, such as capacitor or lithium ion battery etc., and the electric energy storing can be used for providing electric power for portable small-sized electronic equipment, be with a wide range of applications.
The above, be only better exemplifying embodiment of the present invention, not the present invention done to any pro forma restriction.Any those of ordinary skill in the art, do not departing from technical solution of the present invention scope situation, all can utilize method and the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement to make many possible variations and modification to technical solution of the present invention, or be revised as the equivalent exemplifying embodiment of equivalent variations.Therefore, every content that does not depart from technical solution of the present invention, any simple modification, equivalent variations and the modification above exemplifying embodiment done according to technical spirit of the present invention, all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention protection.

Claims (26)

1. the impulse generator based on sliding friction, is characterized in that, comprising:
The first frictional layer; The first electrode layer that described the first frictional layer upper surface contact arranges;
The second frictional layer; The second electrode lay that described the second frictional layer lower surface contact arranges; The upper surface of the lower surface of described the first frictional layer and described the second frictional layer is staggered relatively;
Touch switch, it is multiple to striker that described touch switch comprises that striker and distance are fixed, wherein, described striker is communicated with described the first electrode layer, and can follow described the first electrode layer motion; All described striker is all communicated with described the second electrode lay, and can follow described the second electrode lay motion; When described striker is when contacting striker described in any one, described touch switch closure;
There is relative sliding friction in the lower surface of the upper surface of described the first frictional layer and described the second frictional layer, friction area changes simultaneously under the effect of external force, drive described striker when striker is contacted, between described the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay, to export pulse electrical signal with described.
2. generator according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described the first frictional layer tangential slip along contact-making surface with respect to the glide direction of described the second frictional layer under described External Force Acting.
3. generator according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the maximum sliding distance that can contact and produce friction with described the second frictional layer upper surface at the above first frictional layer lower surface of described glide direction be not less than described striker successively with two described when striker is contacted described in the distance that moves of striker.
4. according to the generator described in claim 1-3 any one, it is characterized in that, a described striker is fixed on described the first electrode layer; Multiple described striker is fixed on described the second electrode lay.
5. generator according to claim 1, is characterized in that, under described External Force Acting, described the first frictional layer rotates with respect to described the second frictional layer.
6. generator according to claim 5, is characterized in that, when the upper surface contact area of the lower surface of described the first frictional layer and described the second frictional layer is minimum and maximum, described striker describedly contacts striker with one respectively.
7. according to the generator described in claim 5 or 6, it is characterized in that, the lower surface of described the first frictional layer is fan-shaped; And/or the upper surface of described the second frictional layer is fan-shaped, and the lower surface of described the first frictional layer is all identical with upper surface area and the shape of the second frictional layer.
8. generator according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described first fan-shaped and/or the second fan-shaped central angle is not more than 180 degree.
9. according to the generator described in claim 5 or 6, it is characterized in that, the upper surface of the lower surface of described the first frictional layer and/or the second frictional layer is made up of multiple fan-shaped friction elements by white space interval.
10. generator according to claim 9, is characterized in that, forms the central angle of multiple fan-shaped friction elements of the upper surface of described the first frictional layer lower surface and/or the second frictional layer identical and interconnect by sharing summit; Described multiple fan-shaped friction element and described white space are alternately uniformly distributed in a plane or curved surface.
11. according to the generator described in claim 9 or 10, it is characterized in that, on described the first electrode layer, also comprise the first rotating disk, the striker of described touch switch is fixed on the edge of described the first rotating disk, makes the position of described striker on described the first rotating disk corresponding with the centre position on a first fan-shaped arc limit of frictional layer.
12. according to the generator described in claim 9,10 or 11, it is characterized in that, under described the second electrode lay, also comprise the second rotating disk, multiple head-on collisions of described touch switch are for the edge that is fixed on described the second rotating disk claiming, it is wherein, multiple that half in striker is fixed on to position on the second rotating disk is corresponding with the centre position on second two fan-shaped arc limits of frictional layer.
13. generators according to claim 12, it is characterized in that, described the first rotating disk and described the second rotating disk can coaxial rotation, are provided with the described fan-shaped friction element of same number, same shape, same size on described the first rotating disk and the second rotating disk.
14. generators according to claim 13, is characterized in that, the number to striker that described touch switch comprises doubles the number of the friction element that forms the first frictional layer.
15. according to the generator described in claim 13 or 14, it is characterized in that, corresponding the first electrode layer of multiple friction elements that forms described the first frictional layer is not communicated with mutually, and described touch switch comprises that the number of described striker equals the number of the friction element that forms described the first frictional layer.
16. according to the generator described in claim 1-15 any one, it is characterized in that, has friction electrode order difference between described the first frictional layer and the material of described the second frictional layer.
17. according to the generator described in claim 1-16 any one, it is characterized in that, described the first frictional layer and described the second frictional layer are insulating material, and described insulating material is selected from aniline-formaldehyde resin, polyformaldehyde, ethyl cellulose, polyamide nylon 11, polyamide nylon 66, wool and fabric thereof, silk and fabric thereof, paper, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyethyleneglycol adipate, polydiallyl phthalate, regenerated cellulosic sponge, cotton and fabric thereof, polyurethane elastomer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, Styrene-Butadiene, wood, hard rubber, acetate, staple fibre, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyisobutene, elastic polyurethane sponge, PETG, polyvinyl butyral resin, hycar, neoprene, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly-(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile), poly bisphenol carbonic ester, CPPG, polyvinylidene chloride, poly-(2,6-dimethyl polyphenylene oxide), polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly-diphenyl propane carbonic ester, PETG, polyimides, polyvinyl chloride, dimethyl silicone polymer, polytrifluorochloroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene and Parylene etc.
18. generators according to claim 17, is characterized in that, the insulating material of described the first frictional layer or the second frictional layer can be replaced by metal or semi-conducting material; Described metal material is selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and the alloy being formed by above-mentioned metal; Described semi-conducting material is selected from SnO 2, ZnO, TiO 2, In 2o 3, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, GaN, Se, CdS, CdSe, CdTe, Si, Ge, PbS, InGaAs, PbSe, InSb, PbTe, HgCdTe, PbSn, HgS, HgSe, HgTe.
19. according to the generator described in claim 1-18 any one, it is characterized in that, the all or part of surface of the upper surface of the lower surface of described the first frictional layer and/or described the second frictional layer has the structural modification of nanometer or micro-meter scale or interspersing or coating of nano material, wherein, the structure of described nanometer or micro-meter scale is selected from nano wire, nanometer rods, nanotube, nanocone, nano particle, nanometer channel, micro wire, micron bar, micron tube, micron cone, micron particles and micron groove.
20. according to the generator described in claim 1-19 any one, it is characterized in that, the material of described the first electrode layer or the second electrode lay is selected from metal or alloy; Wherein, described metal is selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium; Described alloy is selected from alloy, the stainless steel that gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium form.
21. according to the generator described in claim 1-20 any one, it is characterized in that, described the first frictional layer lower surface is identical or complementary with described the second frictional layer upper surface shape, makes in the time rotating, and described the first frictional layer lower surface contacts completely with described the second frictional layer upper surface.
22. according to the generator described in claim 1-21 any one, it is characterized in that, the striker of described touch switch and the material to striker are selected from metal or alloy; Described metal is selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium; Described alloy is selected from alloy, the stainless steel that gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium form.
23. according to the generator described in claim 1-22 any one, it is characterized in that described striker and/or be flexible electric conducting material to striker.
24. according to the generator described in claim 11,12 or 13, it is characterized in that, described the first rotating disk is electric conducting material, and described the first rotating disk substitutes described the first electrode layer;
And/or described the second rotating disk is electric conducting material, described the second rotating disk substitutes described the second electrode lay.
25. according to the generator described in claim 1-24 any one, it is characterized in that, described the first frictional layer, the second frictional layer, the first electrode layer and/or the second electrode lay are flexibility or elastomeric material.
26. 1 kinds of electricity-generating methods, is characterized in that, comprise step:
The first frictional layer that provides upper surface contact that the first electrode layer is set, provides lower surface contact that the second frictional layer of the second electrode lay is set;
The lower surface of described the first frictional layer contacts with the upper surface of described the second frictional layer;
After the upper surface slide friction of the lower surface of the first frictional layer and the second frictional layer and contact area change, the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay conducting, after outwards exporting the first pulse electrical signal between the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay, the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay disconnect;
The upper surface of the lower surface of the first frictional layer and the second frictional layer continues relative sliding, until the conducting again of the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay, after outwards exporting the second pulse electrical signal between the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay, the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay disconnect again;
Repeat the step of the lower surface of above-mentioned the first frictional layer and the upper surface relative sliding of the second frictional layer.
CN201310309226.5A 2013-07-22 2013-07-22 A kind of impulse generator based on sliding friction and electricity-generating method Active CN103780133B (en)

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CN109120180A (en) * 2017-06-22 2019-01-01 北京纳米能源与系统研究所 Rub nanometer generating device and float
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CN105289439A (en) * 2014-07-28 2016-02-03 北京纳米能源与系统研究所 Photocatalytic device and photocatalytic method capable of providing self-powered field and strengthening catalytic efficiency
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CN104811088A (en) * 2014-12-19 2015-07-29 纳米新能源（唐山）有限责任公司 Clingy type friction generator
US11431265B2 (en) * 2016-05-10 2022-08-30 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Triboelectric generator
CN108667338A (en) * 2017-04-01 2018-10-16 北京纳米能源与系统研究所 A kind of energy management circuit and energy management method of friction nanometer power generator
CN109120180A (en) * 2017-06-22 2019-01-01 北京纳米能源与系统研究所 Rub nanometer generating device and float
CN109194185A (en) * 2018-10-16 2019-01-11 电子科技大学 A kind of spin friction power generator exporting unidirectional current
CN109194185B (en) * 2018-10-16 2019-12-03 电子科技大学 A kind of spin friction power generator exporting unidirectional current
CN114337355A (en) * 2022-01-12 2022-04-12 上海大学 Tape type friction nano generator
CN115227977A (en) * 2022-07-21 2022-10-25 佛山科学技术学院 Tumor electric pulse chemical treatment system
CN115227977B (en) * 2022-07-21 2024-01-26 佛山科学技术学院 Tumor electric pulse chemical treatment system

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