CN103764590B - 用于石质或陶瓷基材的混杂聚合物涂层、石质或陶瓷基材及其获得方法 - Google Patents
用于石质或陶瓷基材的混杂聚合物涂层、石质或陶瓷基材及其获得方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
从具有以下组成的混合物获得具有0.1‑2毫米之间厚度的涂层:10‑25重量%的微粉化粉末;40‑60重量%的尺寸在0.063‑2毫米之间的岩石来源的无机砾石;10‑40重量%的基础树脂,其选自聚氨酯、聚酯、环氧或丙烯酸树脂、以及添加剂;以及任选存在的颜料。在覆盖涂层厚度的三分之一的涂层和石质基材表面之间界面的最内侧区域,涂层的所述砾石和微粉化粉末的比例至多为90%。所述方法包括在基材上沉积所述混合物和振动组合体,并随后进行固化和后续的表面机械抛光的步骤。
Description
技术领域
本发明在第一方面涉及一种涂层,该涂层提供了一种可用于天然或人造石质基材,特别是大理石凝块(agglomerate)的非常薄的层(厚度为至多2毫米的量级且通常低得多)、以及该涂层牢固附着的陶瓷基材。
大理石凝块的表面包括以耐刮性低和对酸的耐化学性低作为主要缺点的石灰质矿物的负载物。这些性质由用作负载物的矿物决定,而另一方面,由于大理石不是很耐磨,如果与石英板和砖瓦的制造相比,其提供能够使用具有高产率的制造工艺的优点。
所提出的涂层提供可与石英相当的硬度和耐化学侵蚀性,允许使用6-12毫米量级的厚度降低的基材,能够使用从天然石材切割生产过程中回收的材料用于构成所述基材和涂层,增加了石质凝块和涂层的可回收材料含量。
在第二方面,本发明涉及提供根据本发明原理的混杂聚合物涂层的石质或陶瓷基材。
最后,本发明还涉及一种获得所述混杂聚合物涂层的方法,所述方法在石质或陶瓷基材上实施,并使产品受所述涂层保护。
背景技术
EP790222描述一种包括具有细无机颗粒的第一组分和具有微颗粒的第二组分的石凝块,其中所述细颗粒或其骨料是透明的,并且由无机或有机材料层包覆,该层具有在5-50微米之间的厚度,使得所述层部分碎裂并暴露于产生突出的光反射的表面上的部件。
专利US4640850描述一种复合厚板,其结合大理石片或石质片,透明玻璃片涂布在其可见面上。该专利援引之前的专利US4177789,其描述用于获得厚度小于10毫米,一般至多4毫米的大理石板的方法,该大理石板在其不可见面通过玻璃纤维覆盖补强,这表明厚板的可见面上设置有一些类型的补强物。EP799949描述一种薄的天然石材部件,其由透明的聚酯树脂连接至玻璃板支承物。EP1375130描述具有基于重叠玻璃板的多层涂层的复合厚板。
专利WO0114133描述一种获得具有夹层型结构的多层复合厚板的方法,该结构具有在石凝块的上层和任选的具有相似特性的凝块的下层之间的具有膨胀轻质材料的中间层,该上层通过按所需比例混合碎石、粉末和粘结剂,在模具中导入混合物,并在所述模具进行振动压制而获得。
专利JP11138703描述一种用于层合的多层材料,其具有屈曲和抗冲击的高性能,并结合木凝块、碳酸钙、中空水晶球、滑石等的可见表面,其包括柔性中间支承层。
专利FR2868099描述一种用于面板或天花板的装饰面板,其具有热塑性复合物的多层表面、以及与附着于挤出聚苯乙烯基料的负载矿物、纤维或其它颗粒。
GB2224283描述一种获得用于地板和外墙的人造石质石材的方法,其包括将大理石材料粉碎成约7毫米的颗粒的步骤,将所述材料与包括经过加热的硅砂的其它附加材料、以及至少一种可聚合树脂混合的步骤,将由此获得的混合物在真空下振动和压缩联合作用下模制的步骤、以及聚合树脂的步骤。
JP8156216涉及一种人造石质产品,其设有包含大理石颗粒的层的表面,其包含不饱和聚酯树脂、碳酸钙粉末和固化剂的混合物,其在模制中获得。
JP28111951描述一种具有粒状花纹的人造大理石,其通过层压具有树脂的三类层而获得,所述层结合包括如碎石、陶瓷、纤维、玻璃等不同组分。
不同于提及的现有技术,本发明提出:
-一种混合的低粘度聚合物涂层(在固化之前的状态),其不同于根据以下事实所述的那些:它包含几种硅质来源组分,尤其是微粉化粉末和砾石,其具有受可聚合树脂限制的不同级配(grading);
-涂层组分的分布,使得在最靠近涂层-基材界面的区域获得至少75%的无机负载物的较大含量,因此使得可具有0.5毫米量级的非常薄的层,使得可获得对基材的有效保护,并满足与石英或花岗岩相同或相似程度的基材+涂层组合体(assembly)的机械和化学要求。
本发明涂层不在模制中涂覆,而是通过涂布器直接涂覆于基材上,并保持所述涂层直至其完全固化。
以下描述本发明的主要目的:
a)得到具有表面的产物(结合涂层的基材),该表面具有与类似方面的石英相当的硬度和耐化学性,但具有较低的生产成本;
b)涂覆最可能薄的表面层(厚度<1毫米);
c)通过涂覆所述涂层作为面涂层(finish)使得能够使用有缺陷或损坏的大理石凝块厚板;
d)使基础基材或支承物的组合物中可以包括来自大理石凝块处理厂的泥浆和切屑或来自拆除、家庭装修或其他工业废物的其他废物类型。
发明内容
可涂覆于石质或陶瓷基材的本发明混杂聚合物涂层是通过微粉化粉末和砾石的混合物形成的微涂层(micro coating),所述砾石是通过热稳定聚合物具有不同凝块级配的二氧化硅、石英和/或玻璃和/或可聚合热塑性塑料,并且其使得能够使用最小厚度(4-6毫米)的基材或基板,在基材或基板上涂覆所述涂层,涂层牢固地附着至基材或基板。
更详细地,本发明提供一种用于石质或陶瓷基材的混杂聚合物涂层,其提供了牢固地附着至基材的非常薄的表面层(涂层厚度在0.1-2毫米之间,优选小于1毫米),其通过以下步骤获得:制备微粉化粉末、一种或多种砾石、选自聚氨酯、聚酯、环氧或丙烯酸树脂的树脂、催化剂和颜料的混合物,进行搅拌,随后固化(例如通过微波增加或产生热量)和最后对固结在基材上的涂层抛光以使表面平滑和标准化。
涂覆于成品(板或大理石砖或其他人造石质基材)的涂层的特征在于其包括具有以下组成的混合物:
-10-25重量%的起水泥功能的微粉化粉末,其包含主要是岩石来源的无机负载物;
-40-60重量%的石质来源的无机负载物砾石,该石质来源包括石英、硅石、硅砂、玻璃、回收的镜子、硅等,其尺寸在0.063-2毫米之间;
-10-40重量%的选自聚氨酯、聚酯、环氧或丙烯酸树脂的基础树脂;和
-约5重量%的颜料和包括催化剂在内的用于所述树脂的其他添加剂。
在任何情况下,树脂的比例将是至少10-30%。
2重量%量级颜料的添加需理解为是任选的,其取决于将涂覆涂层的天然或人造石质基材的特性。
此外,事实上,涂层的所述砾石和微粉化粉末的比例在第一最内部区域(厚度的1/3)(对应于涂层和石质或陶瓷基材表面之间的界面)中可以至多为90%,接近可见表面可以达到1-15%的量级,并在中间区域可以达到20-50%,本发明的半成品(即未抛光)涂层是特别考虑,其分为具有相同厚度的三层。
在本发明的一个可能的实施方案中可以得到以下的砾石和微粉化粉末比例:
■涂层的下三分之一:在55%-90%之间;
■涂层的中间三分之一:在16%-60%之间;
■涂层的上三分之一:在1%-15%之间。
根据另一个可能的实施方案,砾石和微粉化粉末的比例将是如下的:
■涂层的下三分之一:在70%-95%之间;
■涂层的中间三分之一:在10%-70%之间;
■涂层的上三分之一:在1%-30%之间。
为了获得具有非常高的砾石含量和非常低的树脂含量的最终产品,涂层的可见表面通过选自用磨料抛光,用刷子抛光或喷砂的机械处理和/或通过酸蚀刻的化学处理进行修整,使得获得第一层已经从具有较低的砾石含量和较高的树脂含量的该区域除去的可见表面。抛光工艺进一步去除从混合物突出的任何砾石颗粒。该处理步骤还允许使用具有不同级配和接近获得的涂层或最终薄层的厚度的直径的砾石(即对于0.8毫米的涂层,例如砾石尺寸为1.2毫米),由于通过抛光或等效机械处理将除去可能剩余的突起部分。因此,获得大于5Mohs的表面层硬度。
根据一个优选实施方案,所述混合物包括不同性质和级配的砾石。
本发明还涉及一种设有如所述涂层的板、或石质或陶瓷基材、及其获得方法。
所述方法包括以下步骤:
-在混合器中制备基础混合物,其包含尺寸在0.1-2毫米之间的第一砾石,例如石英、硅石、硅砂、玻璃或镜子、以及具有岩石来源的无机负载物的微粉化粉末;
-在所述搅拌器搅拌所述混合物;
-制备选自聚氨酯、聚酯、环氧或丙烯酸树脂的基础树脂;
-将所述树脂与催化剂、添加剂和任选存在的颜料加入所述搅拌器中的所述混合物中,并随后搅拌;
-在所述混合器内产生真空;
-将所获得的混合物涂覆于基材上;和
-在振动台上振动顶部涂覆混合物的基材,并将混合物保持在基材上;和
-控制地供给热量以固化保留在基材上的混合物,直至其固化。
本发明的其他特征可示于根据多个应用实例,其通过非限制性示例的方式给出。
附图说明
图1是详细显示4个子区域的截面显微图,其中按照用于显微观察的标准目测估计负载物(颗粒)的百分比。
图2是显示涂层的4个区分区域中的负载物或负载物含量的百分比的图。
具体实施方式
本发明涂层作为第一条件确立优选厚度为0.5毫米量级(最大为2毫米),并在所述优选实例中使用0.1-0.6毫米范围粒径的石英或硅砂的砾石,虽然已经提供了0.063开始的粒径。
根据所进行的不同测试,该涂层包括以下主要组分:
1.起水泥功能的硅砂、石英和/或玻璃的微粉化粉末。
2.不同尺寸的石英、玻璃和/或硅砂的砾石,其将向涂层赋予机械强度。
3.聚氨酯、聚酯、环氧或丙烯酸树脂的可聚合树脂,其作为粘结剂。
4.用于所述树脂的添加剂,其包括脱气剂、粘合促进剂、UV吸收剂、稳定剂、为了降低粘度(例如硼酸酯溶液)的润湿剂、抗静电剂、斥水剂(优选使用硅烷和硅氧烷)、自清洁剂(使用例如氟碳聚合物)和天然和/或合成性纤维。
5.颜料(任选存在的)
使用的粘结剂或树脂的选择取决于涂层需牢固地附着的基材,并进一步确定:
-涂层配制物中允许的负载物的量(浇注的最终粘度),从而确定计量设备;
-用于浇注的处理-可操作性的有用时间;
-聚合时间,因此确定固化体系;
-化学性能、耐老化性等。
本发明提出一种用于石质或陶瓷基材的混杂聚合物涂层,其是非常薄(厚度在0.1-2毫米之间,优选在0.1-0.7毫米之间)的表面层形式,其设置并牢固地附着至基材,其包含具有以下组成的所述组分的混合物:
-10-25重量%的微粉化粉末,其是包括氧化铝、石英和/或玻璃的硅质材料的微粉化粉末、或石灰质材料的微粉化粉末,其具有岩石来源的无机负载物;
-40-60重量%的岩石来源和/或包含石英、硅石、硅砂、玻璃、回收的镜子、硅等的无机负载物砾石,其尺寸在0.063-2毫米之间;
-10-40重量%的可聚合基础树脂,其选自聚氨酯、聚酯、环氧或丙烯酸树脂;
-约3重量%的添加剂,特别是用于所述树脂的催化剂;
-涂层的所述砾石和微粉化粉末的比例在下三分之一或最内部区域(对应于涂层和石质或陶瓷基材表面之间的界面)至多为90%(通常在55%-85%之间),在接近可见表面的上三分之一中为1-15%量级,在内部区域和邻近表面的区域之间的中间三分之一中为15-60%。
取决于部件的目的或最终位置,例如从具有涂层的石板所得的砖瓦,所述混合物将进一步包含至多2重量%的颜料。
所述混合物将特别包含不同的性质和级配的砾石。
在进行测试过程中,顺序和配制物的不同组分的混合物被发现是最重要的。
用于制备混合物的顺序和方法可如下:
-在混合器中制备基础混合物,其包含第一砾石,例如尺寸在0.1-2毫米之间的石英、硅石、硅砂、玻璃或镜子、以及具有岩石来源的无机负载物的微粉化粉末;
-搅拌所述混合物;
-制备基础树脂,其选自聚氨酯、聚酯、环氧或丙烯酸树脂;
-将所述树脂与催化剂、添加剂和任选存在的颜料加入所述混合器中的所述混合物中,随后搅拌;
-在所述混合器中产生真空;
-在基材上涂覆获得的混合物;和
-在振动台上振动基材,其具有涂覆在基材顶部的混合物。
-控制地供给热量以使混合物固化,保留在基材上。
对于树脂的制备,如果其是丙烯酸树脂:则可使用稀释于甲基丙烯酸甲酯的丙烯酸树脂+硅质来源的偶联剂+脱气剂+保湿剂(如需要)+催化剂)。
如果其是聚氨酯树脂:则可使用聚异氰酸酯+多元醇+硅质来源偶联剂+捕水分子筛+催化剂)的混合物。
并且,如果其是环氧型树脂:则可使用具有环氧基的树脂+硅质来源偶联剂+脱气剂+促进剂(如需要)+环氧交联剂(胺、酸酐、羧酸等)。
在实验室测试中通过棒式搅拌器组合组分,并在中试工厂测试中使用螺杆混合器混合组分。
涂覆于所述人造石质基材上的涂层的表面通过机械处理进行修整,机械处理可以是用磨料抛光,用刷子抛光或喷砂,并且其可由酸蚀刻的化学处理替代或完成。
在固化后,还提供将具有固结涂层的基材切割成具有特定形式或最终以砖瓦形式的板材的步骤。
测试:具有根据所述方法制备的涂层的基材样品
使用由各为方形的凝块石样品形成的两个样品,尺寸为15×15×1.4立方厘米,其涂覆有如所述的表面混杂聚合物涂层。因此,该样品包含具有所述固结涂层的基材(即它是经振动、固化,抛光的混合物的样品)。
通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行无机颗粒分散的目视研究。为了对样品进行定量和代表性评估,将试样横向切割和在6个不同的区域得到显微图,其反映出在各情况下的涂层/基材界面。
然后,在各显微图中区分出4个子区,其中根据用于显微观察(图1)的标准目测估计颗粒的百分比。
通常,在最靠近界面的区域观察到无机颗粒累积的增加,其进而具有最大粒径(估计在70-80%之间),虽然负载物的分散是相当均匀的。反之,最靠近表面的区域具有较低的颗粒指数和较小的颗粒,估计负载物分布在5-15%之间(图2)。
如果从各研究区域的负载物百分比计算出的平均结果进行分析,确认涂层最内部区域的负载物累积趋势的存在(表1和图2)。
表1
表1:不同区域中砾石量的估计
如上已指出的,半流体团块形式的混合物利用它的相对流动性分散在板上。在所讨论的实施例中,板已设有有利于防粘的侧隔板,其在板上振动混合物的步骤中保持混合物。
Claims (17)
1.一种用于石质或陶瓷基材的混杂聚合物涂层,其提供牢固附着至所述基材的表面层,所述涂层的特征在于,其厚度在0.1-2毫米之间,并包含具有以下组成的混合物:
-10-25重量%的岩石来源的无机负载物的微粉化粉末;
-40-60重量%的岩石来源的无机砾石,其包括石英、硅石或硅砂、玻璃、回收的镜子、硅,所述无机砾石的尺寸在0.063-2毫米之间;
-10-40重量%的选自聚氨酯、聚酯、环氧或丙烯酸树脂的可聚合基础树脂,其含有用于所述树脂的至多3%的添加剂;
-在涂层和石质或陶瓷基材表面之间的界面处,相当于涂层的最内侧区域的涂层厚度的下三分之一中,涂层的所述砾石和微粉化粉末的比例至多为90%,和
其中,通过从具有较低的砾石含量和较高的树脂含量的区域除去第一层,和通过除去突出的砾石,对所述涂层的可见表面进行修整,从而提供在0.1-2毫米之间的涂层厚度。
2.权利要求1的涂层,其特征在于,当所述涂层被分为具有相同厚度的三层时,在所述层中的所述砾石和微粉化粉末的比例如下:
-在涂层和石质或陶瓷基材表面之间的界面处,相当于第一最内侧区域的涂层的下三分之一:在70%-95%之间;
-涂层的中间三分之一:在10%-70%之间;和
-靠近涂层的可见表面的涂层的上三分之一:在1%-30%之间。
3.权利要求1的涂层,其特征在于,其进一步包含0.1-5重量%的颜料。
4.权利要求1的涂层,其特征在于,所述表面层的厚度在0.1-1毫米之间。
5.权利要求4的涂层,其特征在于,所述表面层的厚度在0.1-0.7毫米之间。
6.权利要求1的涂层,其特征在于,所述微粉化粉末是包括石英、硅、方晶石和/或玻璃的硅质材料的微粉化粉末、铝氧化物的微粉化粉末或石灰质材料的微粉化粉末。
7.权利要求1的涂层,其特征在于,所述砾石是石英、硅、玻璃、镜子、方晶石和/或硅砂的砾石。
8.权利要求1的涂层,其特征在于,所述砾石包括尺寸选自0.1-0.5毫米之间的砾石。
9.权利要求1的涂层,其特征在于,所述混合物包括不同性质和级配的砾石。
10.权利要求2-9之一的涂层,其具有硬度大于5Mohs的抛光表面。
11.一种石质或陶瓷基材,其可见表面上结合有根据前述权利要求1-10之一的涂层。
12.一种获得用于石质或陶瓷基材的混杂聚合物涂层的方法,所述涂层具有0.1-2毫米之间的厚度,并且包括微粉化粉末、砾石、基础树脂和通常的颜料和用于所述树脂的添加剂的混合物,所述基础树脂选自聚氨酯、聚酯、环氧或丙烯酸树脂,所述方法的特征在于其包括以下步骤:
-在混合器中制备基础混合物,其包含尺寸在0.1-2毫米之间的选自石英、硅石或硅砂的至少一种第一砾石、以及具有无机负载物的微粉化粉末;
-搅拌所述混合物;
-制备选自聚氨酯、聚酯、环氧或丙烯酸树脂的基础树脂;
-将所述树脂与催化剂、用于所述树脂的添加剂和任选存在的颜料加入所述混合物中,随后在所述的混合器中搅拌;
-在所述混合器内产生作用于所述混合物的真空;
-在基材上涂覆获得的半流体混合物的层,并使其保持在基材上;
-振动基材使较大的砾石移向底部;
-通过提供或产生热量加速混合物的固化,所述混合物被固结在基材上;和
-修整,其通过选自用磨料抛光,用刷子抛光或喷砂的涂层聚合物的机械处理和/或通过酸蚀刻的涂层聚合物的化学处理从所述涂层的可见表面除去突出的砾石块和从具有较低的砾石含量和较高的树脂含量的区域除去第一层,来提供在0.1-2毫米之间的涂层厚度。
13.权利要求12的方法,其特征在于,在形成混合物的所述第一步骤中使用几种砾石,其具有不同尺寸,并具有相同或不同的材料,并且其被引入施加搅拌的混合物中。
14.权利要求12的方法,其特征在于,在螺杆挤出机中根据连续混合工艺制备所述混合物,其中加载所有的砾石和粉末,在螺杆路径的随后段中注入包含树脂、催化剂和添加剂的液体材料。
15.权利要求12的方法,其特征在于,使用涂覆器进行将混合物涂覆于基材上的步骤,在所述基材上保留混合物层,并且在固化步骤期间维持混合物层。
16.权利要求12的方法,其特征在于,从混合器中获得的所述混合物在室温下的布式粘度在对应于30-20rpm的剪切速度时为4,350-4,440m·Pas之间。
17.能够从权利要求12获得的涂层,其特征在于其具有大于5Mohs的硬度。
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NL2018010B1 (en) | 2016-12-16 | 2018-06-26 | Innovative Stone Tech B V | A method for manufacturing a slab |
CN109181372A (zh) * | 2018-06-29 | 2019-01-11 | 佛山市高明区生产力促进中心 | 一种抗开裂的陶瓷涂料 |
CN115703680A (zh) * | 2021-08-14 | 2023-02-17 | 江苏金久科技新材料有限公司 | 抛光空心陶板 |
CN113831061A (zh) * | 2021-10-25 | 2021-12-24 | 广东河源住方高分子材料有限公司 | 一种高强度耐高温的石英石板材及其制备方法 |
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GB2224283B (en) | 1988-10-28 | 1992-06-24 | Valle Roberto Dalla | Process for obtaining artificial stones for flooring and stone facing |
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AU2012285467A1 (en) | 2014-01-30 |
PL2548854T3 (pl) | 2017-02-28 |
IN2014DN00255A (zh) | 2015-06-05 |
RU2014105828A (ru) | 2015-11-10 |
US20140242369A1 (en) | 2014-08-28 |
EP2548854A1 (en) | 2013-01-23 |
IL230424B (en) | 2018-11-29 |
AU2012285467B2 (en) | 2016-01-21 |
PT2548854T (pt) | 2016-10-04 |
BR112014001140B1 (pt) | 2020-12-01 |
EP2548854B1 (en) | 2016-06-22 |
WO2013011360A1 (en) | 2013-01-24 |
CA2842089A1 (en) | 2013-01-24 |
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RU2624470C2 (ru) | 2017-07-04 |
HK1197226A1 (zh) | 2015-01-09 |
BR112014001140A2 (pt) | 2017-02-21 |
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CN103764590A (zh) | 2014-04-30 |
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