CN103764374A - 用于制造滴灌管的方法 - Google Patents

用于制造滴灌管的方法 Download PDF

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CN103764374A
CN103764374A CN201280037429.7A CN201280037429A CN103764374A CN 103764374 A CN103764374 A CN 103764374A CN 201280037429 A CN201280037429 A CN 201280037429A CN 103764374 A CN103764374 A CN 103764374A
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dosage element
main body
band
drip irrigation
extrusion molding
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CN103764374B (zh
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E.克切尔
C.兰贝特
R.贝西耶
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Machines Yvonand SA
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Machines Yvonand SA
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
    • A01G25/026—Apparatus or processes for fitting the drippers to the hoses or the pipes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0021—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with joining, lining or laminating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
    • B29C48/157—Coating linked inserts, e.g. chains
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    • B29C48/903—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article of hollow bodies externally
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    • B29C65/7858—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus characterised by the feeding movement of the parts to be joined
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
    • B29C66/4322—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms by joining a single sheet to itself
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
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    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
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    • B29D23/001—Pipes; Pipe joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C48/90—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article
    • B29C48/908—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article characterised by calibrator surface, e.g. structure or holes for lubrication, cooling or venting
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
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  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

在一种用于制造滴灌管的方法中，挤压成形出主体，由该主体形成管子且在该主体中安装配量元件(10)，配量元件与主体通过超声波焊接来连接。在此类滴灌管中，水从其内侧经由进入开口到达到配量元件(10)中、流经该配量元件且配量地经由排出开口从滴灌管中离开。将主体成形成压平的管体且配量元件(10)在该压平的管体的内部中处在中间区域中。在超声波焊接装置(3)的砧座(7)与超声焊极(6)之间穿引平的管体，焊接配量元件(10)与管体的壁。此外，本发明包括一种用于执行该方法的装置。

Description

用于制造滴灌管的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造滴灌管的方法以及一种用于执行该方法的装置，在该方法中，挤压成形出主体，由该主体形成管子，且将配量元件安装在挤压成形的主体中，该配量元件与主体通过超声波焊接来连接，在该滴灌管中，水从其内侧经由进入开口到达到配量元件中、流经该配量元件且经由排出开口配量地从滴灌管中离开。
背景技术
设有配量元件的此类滴灌管在农作物中用于植物的直接灌溉。为此，滴灌管可如此设计，即例如在每棵植物的区域中存在排出开口，水通过该排出开口从滴灌管中配量地且滴液式地排出。通过该装置可为单独的植物中的每棵进行直接灌溉，且水可由此被非常节省地使用。利用此类组件避免用于灌溉的大量的水蒸发，如同这通常在灌溉设备中发生的那样，在其中，水大面积地经由喷洒设备来分配。因此利用经由滴灌管的经配量的灌溉实现非常经济的灌溉且可节省大量的水。
已知用于制造滴灌管的各种不同的可行性方案。例如已知挤压成形出管体且将管体引导通过定型装置(Kalibriereinrichtung)，且将配量元件单独地或以带材的形式连续地引入到管体中且压紧到管体的壁的内表面处，因为管体的材料还是软的和热的，由此实现固定的连接。
为了可实现在管体与配量元件之间的最佳连接，还已知配量元件通过超声波焊接与管体相连接。例如由文件US-A 5387307已知一种方法，在其中将配量元件压印到带材的一边缘区域处。然后对边缘区域进行设置且使之相叠，从而使得带有配量元件的一边缘区域处在带材的另一边缘区域上。然后通过超声波焊接设备使两个边缘区域彼此连接，从而使得配量元件嵌入到边缘区域中。但在此不利的是超声波焊接装置的砧座作为用于超声焊极的支撑部必须伸入到管体中，由此必须将砧座构造为悬臂式的弯曲支架。这意味着砧座在焊接过程中从超声焊极弹开，这可负面地影响焊接连接的质量。如此制造的管子还必须具有确定的直径，以便砧座可具有足够大的刚度，以便可完全执行焊接工艺。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的在于提供一种用于制造滴灌管的方法，配量元件可借助于超声波焊接与管子的壁相连接且在其中保证最佳的连接质量。
根据本发明，该目的的解决方案由此实现，即将主体成形成压平的管体，且配量元件在该压平的管体的内部中处在中间区域中，在超声波焊接装置的砧座与超声焊极之间来穿引平的管体且将配量元件与管体的壁相焊接。
利用该方法使得实现超声波焊接装置的砧座和超声焊极可布置在管体之外。尤其可将砧座由此直接且坚固地支撑在超声波焊接设备中，从而可避免弹开。由此保证超声波焊接连接的最佳的质量。同样可行的是例如可制造带有非常小的直径的滴灌管。
以有利的方式来基本上连续地挤压成形呈带材的形式的主体，在一纵向边缘区域处安装有配量元件且如此翻转两个纵侧区域，即一纵向边缘区域的配量元件处在另一纵向边缘区域之下且可使之相焊接。利用该方法实现滴灌管的简单的制造。
以有利的方式通过压纹辊(Pr?gerolle)将配量元件压印到带材的一纵向边缘区域中。由此可以简单的方式将配量元件连续地设置在挤压成形的带材中。为此所需的装置在结构上非常简单。
以有利的方式为带材的一纵向边缘区域在挤压成形时设有加厚部，然后将配量元件压印到该加厚部中，由此可避免在将配量元件压印到带材中时出现管子的太薄的壁区域。
但还可将配量元件压印或冲裁到另一带材中，然后使该另一带材与带材的一纵向边缘区域相连接，例如通过焊接。
在根据本发明的方法的另一实施方式中，由挤压成形装置挤压成形出封闭的管状的主体，将配量元件引入且焊接到该主体中，由此保证管状的主体在整个圆周上不具有弱点。
以有利的方式将配量元件单独地或呈带材的形式连续地引入到管状的主体中，这可通过一种简单地构造的装置来实现。
以有利的方式将挤压成形的管状的主体通过定型装置导引到冷却腔中，在其中执行超声波焊接。由此实现管状的主体在超声波焊接过程中具有足够大的强度，从而可获得最佳的焊接连接。但附加地，挤压成形的管状的主体的余热被最佳地充分用于超声波焊接，这同样影响焊接连接的质量。
用于制造滴灌管的根据本发明的方法的另一有利的设计方案由此实现，即增大超声波焊接的能量以用于缩小配量元件的通流截面。由此可针对滴灌管的不同的流出量使用相同的配量元件。通流截面的缩小使得能够实现流出的水的更大的配量范围。
以有利的方式将设有配量元件的管子引导穿过钻孔装置，在其中将排出开口设置在管体的壁中，这可非常简单地来实施。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种用于执行用来制造滴灌管的方法的装置，该滴灌管构造简单且其能够实现所要求的稳定性。
根据本发明，该目的的解决方案由此实现，即超声波焊接装置如此构造，即，超声焊极和砧座的支撑部彼此相对而置地布置在超声波焊接装置中。由此获得超声波焊接装置的期望的稳定性。
以有利的方式将超声焊极以可朝砧座移动和可从砧座移开的方式支承在超声波焊接装置中，且超声焊极作用到砧座上的压紧力是可调整的，从而可利用相同的装置制造在直径和壁厚方面不同尺寸的滴灌管。
附图说明
下面借助附图示例地对根据本发明的方法和用于执行该方法的装置的实施方式作进一步阐述。其中：
图1以示意性的图示显示了由呈带材的形式的主体制造滴灌管的方案；
图2以立体的图示显示了带材的区段，由该带材来制造根据图1的滴灌管；
图3以示意性的图示显示了在折叠状态中的带材穿引通过超声波焊接装置；
图4以示意性的图示在带有提高的能量供应的情况下显示了在折叠状态中的带材穿引通过超声波焊接装置；
图5显示了穿过根据图1至4制造的管子的截面；
图6以示意性的图示显示了用于管状的主体的挤压成形装置，将配量元件引入到该主体中，且该配量元件穿过超声波焊接装置；
图7根据图6显示了在穿过超声波焊接装置时通过管状的主体的截面图示；
图8根据图6显示了在带有提高的能量供应的情况下在穿过超声波焊接装置时通过管状的主体的截面图示；以及
图9显示了根据图6至8制造的滴灌管的截面图示。
具体实施方式
由图1可看出具有带材2的形状的挤压成形的主体1如何被引导穿过超声波焊接装置3，以便制造滴灌管4。平的带材2穿过折叠装置5，在其中向内折叠两个纵侧区域，从而使得带材2的纵向边缘区域处成相叠，如之后还将详细地看出的那样，且然后将该带材2以这样的折叠状态引导穿过超声波焊接装置3。已知超声波焊接装置3包括超声焊极6和砧座7。超声焊极6可同样以已知的、未示出的方式朝砧座7移动且从该砧座移开。为了焊接，使超声焊极6朝砧座7运动且在此压到折叠的带材2上。以已知的方式将借助于其实现超声波焊接的振荡频率施加在超声焊极6处。如此焊接的管体8可随后进行进一步处理。
在图2中示出了带材2的一个示例，根据图1可将该带材输送给超声波焊接装置3。在该带材的一纵向边缘区域9处安装有配量元件10。为此例如可在带材2的一纵向边缘区域9处挤压成形出加厚部，然后可以已知的方式经由压纹辊将配量元件10压印到加厚部中。还可考虑配量元件10以其他的带材11的形式来制造，然后使该其他的带材11在带材2的一纵向边缘区域9中与带材2相连接。
每个配量元件10以突出的侧壁边界12来围住。在配量元件10的进入区域13中，侧壁边界12朝着带材2设有缺口，其形成用于水的进入开口14且用作过滤器。进入到该进入区域13中的水经由配量区域15(其设有横向接片16且在该配量区域中实现水的降压)到达到离开区域17中，水然后可从该离开区域中离开，如之后还将看出的那样。
由图3可看出如何将根据图2在折叠状态中的带材2引导穿过超声波焊接装置3。带材2的两个纵侧区域18和19如此折叠，即带有配量元件10的一纵向边缘区域9处在另一纵向边缘区域20之下，且这两者彼此相叠。激励超声焊极6以使之振荡，且将超声焊极6压向待焊接的带材2且因此压向砧座7，将待焊接的带材2连续地引导穿过超声波焊接装置3，将另一纵向边缘区域20与配量元件10相焊接，其中，焊接利用配量元件的侧壁边界12来实现且进入区域13、配量区域15和离开区域17(图2)形成所期望的空腔21。
要指出的是通过该布置方案仅进行在带材2的另一纵向边缘区域20与配量元件10之间的焊接，而不是进行在带材2与一纵向边缘区域9之间的焊接，这同样不是所期望的。
由该图示同样可看出砧座7在带材2折叠成形成管体之后可以最佳的且稳定的方式支撑在超声波焊接装置3中，更确切地说支撑在其机架22中，由此获得焊接装置的很大的稳定性，这正面地影响焊接连接的质量。
在图4中示出了相同的情况，如其由图3显而易见的且相应地说明的那样，但将供应到超声焊极6中的能量增大，这引起在焊接过程中配量元件10的侧壁边界12(其与另一纵向边缘区域20相连接)在连接部位处更多地熔化，由此降低侧壁边界12的高度且因此缩小空腔21。由此同样使穿过配量元件的水的流量变小，因此可以相同的准备的配量元件获得滴灌管的不同的配给量。
由图5可看出根据先前说明的制造方法制成的滴灌管4。在运行期间，管体8通过水压使之鼓起，在管体8的内腔23中导入的水经由进入开口14到达到配量元件10的空腔21中，在离开区域中将钻孔24设置到管体8的壁中，水可通过钻孔24配量地且滴状地离开。
图6显示了一种用于制造滴灌管的方法，在其中，由挤压成形装置25以已知的方式连续地挤压成形出管状的主体26。该挤压成形的管状的主体26同样以已知的方式穿过定型装置27，在该定型装置中将管状的主体带到正确的形状中。离开定型装置27，管状的主体26到达到冷却腔28中，在其中对管状的主体冷却到如此程度，即其获得相对稳定的形状，这可以已知的未示出的方式来实现，例如通过浸入到冷却水中或用冷却水喷洒来实现。
将配量元件10穿过挤压成形装置25居中地输送到管状的主体26中，配量元件呈带材的形式(这如同在先前说明的制造方法中所使用的那样)或作为单独的配量元件存在。配量元件以已知的方式通过导轨29到达到管状的主体26中。然后将管状的主体26压平，这例如可通过两个轧辊30实现且在压平的状态中与包含的配量元件一起被导引到同样布置在冷却腔28中的超声波焊接装置3中。在此同样在超声波焊接装置的砧座7与超声焊极6之间穿引压平的管状的主体26且使之与配量元件10相焊接。
如由图7显而易见的那样，在超声波焊接装置3的砧座7与超声焊极6之间穿引带有包括在其中的配量元件10的压到一起的管状的主体26，超声焊极6在此同样被激励以使之振荡，由此实现配量元件10的侧壁边界12与管状的主体26的壁31的焊接。在此还仅在该区域中获得焊接，配量元件10在此同样并未与管状的主体26的处在砧座7上的壁31相焊接。
在此还可以最佳的方式将砧座7稳定地支撑在超声波焊接装置3的机架22上，由此实现稳定的情况，这正面地影响焊接质量。
如由图8显而易见的那样，在此还可根据关于图4说明的过程提高到超声焊极6上的能量供应，因此在此侧壁边界12的上部的部分还要更多地熔化，从而在此还使得配量元件10的空腔21缩小且由此使通过配量元件10的水流量变得更小。
图9以截面图显示了根据上述制造方法获得的在运行中的滴灌管。通过在该滴灌管4的内腔23中引导的水使管状的主体26鼓起，水经由进入开口14到达到配量元件10的空腔21中，且通过设置在配量元件10的区域中的钻孔24以经配量的形式从滴灌管4中离开。
在当前说明的方法中，将带有置入其中的配量元件的现存的或待形成的管体连续地引导穿过超声波焊接装置。在此可以处在直至400m/min的范围中的速度来运行。在此还可考虑在基本上具有棱状形状的超声焊极的部位处以已知的方式使用滚筒状的超声焊极。
作为用于管体和配量元件的材料例如可使用聚乙烯，显然还可使用其它的合适的热塑性塑料。
当超声波焊接装置以大约30千赫兹的频率工作时，那时获得良好的焊接效果，其中，波长为大约40μm，并且其中，超声焊极的压紧力为大约40N/cm2。
配量元件可以已知的且多种多样的方式来设计－匹配于要求和使用领域。配量元件的长度和配量元件彼此的间距同样可在实际中任意设计，例如压纹辊可相应地来构造且具有相应相匹配的直径。
在根据所说明的方法制造的滴灌管中，排出开口以已知的方式通过例如集成到生产线中的钻孔装置来制造。
利用用于制造滴灌管的此处说明的根据本发明的方法和装置实现在管体与配量元件之间的最佳连接，尤其即使在很高的生产速度的情况下(这影响滴灌管的最佳的质量)也实现最佳连接。利用该方法和装置可以实际上任意的尺寸来制造滴灌管，其可具有较小的直径，但还可具有很大的直径，滴灌管可是薄壁的，其还可具有更大的壁厚，取决于在哪种条件下使用滴灌管。

Claims (13)

1. 一种用于制造滴灌管的方法，在其中，挤压成形出主体(1,26)，由该主体形成管子(4)，且在挤压成形的所述主体(1,26)中安装配量元件(10)，该配量元件与所述主体(1,26)通过超声波焊接来连接，在该滴灌管中，水从其内侧(23)经由进入开口(14)到达到所述配量元件(10)中、流经该配量元件且经由排出开口(24)配量地从所述滴灌管中离开，其特征在于，将所述主体(1,26)成形成压平的管体，且所述配量元件(10)在该压平的管体的内部中处在中间区域中，在超声波焊接装置(3)的砧座(7)与超声焊极(6)之间穿引该平的管体，且焊接所述配量元件(10)与所述管体的壁。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，基本上连续地挤压成形呈带材(2)的形式的所述主体，在一纵向边缘区域(9)处安装所述配量元件(10)，将两个纵侧区域(18,19)如此翻转，即，使一纵向边缘区域(9)的配量元件(10)处在另一纵向边缘区域(20)之下且使之相焊接。
3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述配量元件(10)通过压纹辊压印到所述带材(2)的一纵向边缘区域(9)中。
4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述带材的一纵向边缘区域(9)在挤压成形时设有加厚部，然后将所述配量元件(10)压印到该加厚部中。
5. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述配量元件(10)压印或冲裁到另一带材(11)中，该带材(11)与所述带材(10)的一纵向边缘区域(9)相连接。
6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，由挤压成形装置(25)挤压成形出封闭的管状的主体(26)，将所述配量元件(10)引入且焊接到该主体中。
7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述配量元件(10)单独地或以带材的形式连续地引入到所述管状的主体(26)中。
8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，将挤压成形的所述管状的主体(26)导引通过定型装置(27)到冷却腔(28)中，在其中执行超声波焊接。
9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，增大超声波焊接的能量以缩小所述配量元件(10)的通流截面。
10. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，将设有配量元件(10)的管子引导通过钻孔装置，在其中将所述排出开口(24)设置在所述管体(8,26)的壁中。
11. 一种用于执行根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的方法的装置，其特征在于，超声波焊接装置(3)如此构造，即超声焊极(6)和砧座(7)的支撑部彼此相对而置地布置在所述超声波焊接装置(3)中。
12. 根据权利要求11所述的装置，其特征在于，所述超声焊极(6)以可朝所述砧座(7)移动和可从该砧座移开的方式支承在所述超声波焊接装置(3)中。
13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的装置，其特征在于，所述超声焊极(6)作用到所述砧座(7)上的压紧力是可调整的。
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ES2503564T3 (es) 2014-10-07
BR112014001499B1 (pt) 2020-03-31
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IL230661A0 (en) 2014-03-31
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AU2012288997A1 (en) 2014-02-20
EP2551091A1 (de) 2013-01-30

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