CN103759659B - A kind of fiber grating displacement sensor carrying out multimetering - Google Patents

A kind of fiber grating displacement sensor carrying out multimetering Download PDF

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CN103759659B
CN103759659B CN201410040003.8A CN201410040003A CN103759659B CN 103759659 B CN103759659 B CN 103759659B CN 201410040003 A CN201410040003 A CN 201410040003A CN 103759659 B CN103759659 B CN 103759659B
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slide rail
anchor fluke
fiber grating
accurate slide
guide rail
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CN103759659A (en
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刘统玉
李连庆
姜龙
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SHANDONG MICRO-SENSOR PHOTONICS Ltd
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SHANDONG MICRO-SENSOR PHOTONICS Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of fiber grating displacement sensor carrying out multimetering, comprise sensor outer housing and anchor fluke structure, two supports be arranged symmetrically with are provided with in sensor outer housing, the outside of described support is equipped with compression guide pillar, the inner side of described support is equipped with holddown spring, described support is also provided with precise guide rail and accurate slide rail, it is clearance fit between precise guide rail and accurate slide rail, the below of described support also arranges spring pull bar, accurate slide rail and spring pull bar top are fixed with extension spring, extension spring is used for straining accurate slide rail, tight slide rail is slided at precise guide rail fro inside.According to actual operation requirements by selecting transducer sensitivity and range.Change precise guide rail bevel altitude can realize the adjustment to transducer sensitivity, by changing precise guide rail chamfer length adjusting range.

Description

A kind of fiber grating displacement sensor carrying out multimetering
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sensor, particularly relate to a kind of optical fibre displacement sensor measuring multiple somes displacements being applicable to coal mine safety monitoring and top board and monitoring dynamically.
Background technology
Roof separation indicator is a kind of special monitoring instrument of monitoring roof strata movement, by the comprehensive roof delamination observation to all kinds of tunnel, generally recognizes that roof delamination observes the supporting to tunnel, certain guidance and warning function are played in reform.According to the data analysis that roof separation indicator observes, draw the situations such as different geologic conditions, lithological change, summed up absciss layer amount within the scope of tunnel anchor net, taked effective supporting measure in time, prevented the generation of top board slump accident, ensured safety in production.Simultaneously to the distribution of research Stope Abutment Pressure and metastatic rule, deformation of the surrounding rock in tunnel rule, identify Drift stability, research judges top board unstability layer cranny, and research roadway surrounding rock moving situation, the stability analyzing country rock provides technological means.
Fibre Optical Sensor take light wave as information carrier, and optical fiber information acquisition is integrated with transmission.There is the advantage of following uniqueness: not charged essential safety, be applicable to that underground coal mine is inflammable, explosive environments; Fiber transmission attenuation is little, long transmission distance, do not affect by the interference of electromagnetic field and temperature humidity, transmission reliability is high; Optical fiber sensing monitoring power system capacity is large, be easy to realize multiple spot multiparameter on-line monitoring, greatly reduce kind and the quantity of equipment, and system configuration is simple, is convenient to safeguard; Fibre Optical Sensor has the unique advantage of distributed monitoring, can realize, to the temperature strain on-line monitoring of optical fiber each point along the line, in the continuous monitoring to larger space scope, having unique using value.
There is manual observation record and have discontinuity in Purely mechanical separation indicator, take time and effort, down-hole is observed inconvenient, cause error comparatively large, can not real time on-line monitoring be realized, after roof weighting distortion, the shortcomings such as reaction velocity is slow; And present most sensors all need power supply, live detection is backward in technique, sensor reliability is poor, maintenance workload is large, supervisory system is serious by the interference of electromagnetic field in signals collecting and transmission line, be difficult to lay to the dangerous matter sources such as such as coal mine gob or closed area, simultaneously with danger.
Summary of the invention
For solving the deficiency that prior art exists, the invention discloses a kind of fiber grating displacement sensor carrying out multimetering, this fiber grating displacement sensor, because itself is not charged, essential safety, can real time on-line monitoring be realized, can be used for the dynamic monitoring of underground coal mine top board, also can be used for the amount of the crushing monitoring in the place such as culvert, tunnel.Critically can measure the rate of sinking of mine, pit shaft, roadway, getting working face, arch canopy etc., deflection, deformation velocity and displacement, amount of convergence etc.
For achieving the above object, concrete scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of fiber grating displacement sensor carrying out multimetering, comprise sensor outer housing and anchor fluke structure, two supports be arranged symmetrically with are provided with in sensor outer housing, the outside of described support is equipped with compression guide pillar, the inner side of described support is equipped with holddown spring, the inside of described support institute envelope is also provided with precise guide rail and accurate slide rail, it is clearance fit between precise guide rail and accurate slide rail, the below of described support also arranges spring pull bar, accurate slide rail top and spring pull bar are fixed with extension spring, extension spring is used for straining accurate slide rail, accurate slide rail is slided at precise guide rail fro inside, precise guide rail contact of incline plane strain beam, strain beam is two, each strain beam both sides can both be adhesively fixed fiber grating.
Described sensor outer housing comprises upper cover in mating connection and lower cover, under cover and be also provided with lower cover cover.
Described anchor fluke structure comprises the large joint of long anchor fluke, the large joint of long anchor fluke is arranged on the junction of upper cover and long anchor fluke body one end, the other end of long anchor fluke body is provided with the little joint of long anchor fluke, and the little coupler bore of long anchor fluke has wire rope to pass through, and accurate slide rail is connected with grapnel corpus unguis by wire rope.
Described long anchor fluke body is also provided with multiple anchor fluke.
Described anchor fluke penetrates the hole on long anchor fluke body and grapnel corpus unguis by steel wire, and bending is made, and function is that long anchor fluke body and grapnel corpus unguis are reliably fixed on hole wall.
Described grapnel corpus unguis is 2.
Described holddown spring is installed on support and compresses between guide pillar, and the elastic force of holddown spring is passed to compression guide pillar.
Described accurate slide rail is the gradient slide rail of central plane, can make with it the strain beam generation elastic deformation of close contact all the time, thus make fiber grating generation deformation during slip.
Described accurate slide rail is 2.
Described extension spring is 2.
The change of the bevel angle of described precise guide rail can realize the adjustment to transducer sensitivity, can adjust the range of sensor by changing precise guide rail chamfer length.
The large joint of long anchor fluke realizes the connection of large anchor fluke body and sensor entirety; Long anchor fluke body realizes the fixing of sensor; Grapnel corpus unguis realizes the fixing of measurement point; Precise guide rail plays the effect of guiding to accurate slide rail; Strain beam is the platform that is adhesively fixed of fiber grating.
Fiber grating is four, four fiber bragg grating center wavelength differences, and described fiber grating is all bonded and fixed to two strain beam both sides, is used for detecting change in displacement.Extension spring, two, two ends are separately fixed at spring pull bar and accurate slide rail top, are used for straining accurate slide rail, and accurate slide rail is reciprocatingly slided at tight guide rail interior; Holddown spring, is installed on support and compresses between guide pillar, spring force being passed to compression guide pillar by two; Compress guide pillar, two, use the pressure compaction strain beam of spring, make strain beam and accurate slide rail inclined-plane close contact all the time; Support, moves up and down compression guide pillar and play the guiding role by two.
Spring pull bar, plays the effect of fixing extension spring by one; Drag link sleeve, is arranged on spring pull bar by one, plays segmentation two extension springs, avoids two extension springs to stir knot together; Wire rope, transmits the effect of change in displacement, by wire rope, two relative displacements of large anchor fluke body and two grapnel corpus unguis, three points is changed, pass to precise guide rail by two; Hold-down nut, is tightly fixed on wire rope in precise guide rail by two.
Specific formula for calculation: according to prior art and the data known temperature wavelength variations Δ λ that produce common with strain b=0.74 λ bε b, wherein λ bfor FBG centre wavelength, ε bfor strain.That is:
ϵ B = Δλ B 0.74 λ B - - - ( 1 )
After deformation produces, the strain of two gratings is:
ε B1=ε TM(2)
ε B2=ε TM(3)
Wherein ε tfor temperature affects the strain caused, ε mfor bending the strain caused.
Obtained by formula (2) and formula (3):
ϵ M = 1 2 ( ϵ B 1 - ϵ B 2 ) - - - ( 4 )
Known by formula (1)
ϵ M = 1 0.74 λ B × 1 2 ( Δλ B 1 - Δλ B 2 ) - - - ( 5 )
Optic fiber grating wavelength changes with strain of flexure ε mlinear and one-to-one relationship.
Meanwhile, the strain facies that temperature produces the grating under environment of the same race is same, is all ε t, through type (1) formula (2) and formula (3) combine, and we eliminate ε t, thus eliminate temperature to required measurement result ε mimpact.
As shown in Figure 9, it is L that accurate slide rail inclined-plane can be reduced to long, and be highly H, corner angle is chamfer length is the triangular shape model of L', strain of flexure ε mafter can being reduced to the accurate slide track telescopic l of sensor, the deformation h of strain beam, supposes that the corresponding accurate sled position of initial position is l 0, corresponding strain of flexure is reduced to h 0, when producing relative displacement between anchor fluke structure and sensor, now, accurate sled position becomes l 1, corresponding strain of flexure is h 1, now anchor fluke structure and sensor relative shift are namely:
Δl=l 1-l 0(6)
Simplifying strain of flexure is:
Δh=h 1-h 0(7)
Simultaneously
Δ h = Δ l × t a n ∂ - - - ( 8 )
Through type (6), formula (7), formula (8) can find out displacement and strain of flexure amount linear, and strain of flexure ε mchange with optic fiber grating wavelength linear, therefore displacement and optic fiber grating wavelength change linear.By demarcating, draw this kind of linear relationship, according to optic fiber grating wavelength change, we just can draw the change of displacement.
At this, each strain beam is arranged respectively the fiber grating of 2 different centre wavelengths, therefore two strain beams arrange 4 fiber gratings altogether, and 4 fiber bragg grating center wavelengths are different, therefore can detect 3 points, two relative displacements.
Sensor operating principles: the grapnel corpus unguis of sensor and on anchor fluke be anchored end, when top board be subjected to displacement or absciss layer time, the absciss layer amount that top board occurs and the position that absciss layer occurs is judged by the relative motion between two grapnel corpus unguis and large anchor fluke body three positions, by the early warning value arranged, there is warning or alarm.
The anchorage point of dark basic point is at rock interior, generally absciss layer can not be there is, more than shallow foundation point, when being subjected to displacement below dark basic point, the grapnel corpus unguis of sensor and shallow foundation point and anchor fluke, sink simultaneously, the wire rope that sensor internal connects dark basic point grapnel corpus unguis and anchor fluke will drag accurate slide rail and be subjected to displacement, accurate sled position changes, be close to strain beam on accurate slide rail and fiber grating ensues change, by the demodulation of (FBG) demodulator, we can obtain the displacement of accurate slide rail, thus obtain absciss layer amount and separating location.Absciss layer amount is read by (FBG) demodulator, and separating location is then drawn by deep basic point, shallow foundation point place displacement, this kind of situation, and there is displacement at dark basic point place, and therefore shallow foundation point place non-displacement decision bits can be set to more than shallow foundation point, below dark basic point.
If in like manner there is displacement at two basic point places and displacement is equal, then judge to occur separating location as: more than sensor main body, below shallow base position.
If there is displacement at two basic point places, and deep base point displacement amount is large, then judge have absciss layer to occur between dark basic point to sensor, dark basic point is the registration of deep base point displacement to the absciss layer amount of sensor, and dark basic point is the difference of deep base point displacement and shallow foundation point displacement to the absciss layer amount that shallow foundation point occurs, and shallow foundation point to the absciss layer amount of sensor is the displacement of shallow foundation point.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, according to actual operation requirements by selecting transducer sensitivity and range.Change precise guide rail bevel angle the adjustment to transducer sensitivity can be realized, by changing precise guide rail chamfer length adjusting range.
2, the firmness and the reliability that change sensor installation by adjusting large anchor fluke body length and anchor fluke diameter and anchor fluke number is required, to adapt to engineering demand according to actual installation.
3, sensor is easy for installation, by fixing anchor fluke, can by light fixation of sensor, and reliability is high.
4, compare general electronic sensor, sensor itself is not charged, essential safety.
5, sensor construction is relatively simple, and parts machining is convenient, cost-saving, easy to assembly, saves human cost.
6, sensor take light wave as information carrier, not by electromagnetic interference (EMI), and can data acquisition under strong-electromagnetic field environment.
7, signal is by optical cable transmission, and signal attenuation is little, long transmission distance.
8, sensor itself adopt fire prevention, anti-to fall, resistant material, intensity and toughness is high, not fragile.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 one-piece construction schematic diagram one of the present invention;
Fig. 2 one-piece construction schematic diagram two of the present invention;
Fig. 3 scheme of installation of the present invention;
Fig. 4 sensor main body fragmentary sectional elevation view;
Fig. 5 sensor main body side partial sectional view;
Fig. 6 sensor fixed part partial sectional view;
The accurate slide rail three-dimensional plot of Fig. 7 sensor;
Fig. 8 sensor precise guide rail three-dimensional plot;
Fig. 9 accurate slide rail inclined-plane simplified model;
In figure, 1 lower cover cover, 2 lower covers, 3 upper covers, the large joint of 4 long anchor fluke, 5 long anchor fluke bodies, 6 strain beams, the little joint of 7 long anchor fluke, 8 wire rope, 9 grapnel corpus unguis, 10 supports, 11 compress guide pillar, 12 holddown springs, 13 fiber gratings, 14 copper sleeves (standard component), 15 armored optical cables (diameter is 6mm single fiber cable), 16 extension springs, 17 spring pull bars, 18 drag link sleeves, 19 accurate slide rail A, 20 hold-down nuts, 21 accurate slide rail B, 22 precise guide rail, 23 anchor flukes, 24 anchored end.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail:
As shown in figures 1-8, a kind of fiber grating displacement sensor carrying out multimetering, comprise sensor outer housing and anchor fluke structure, two supports 10 be arranged symmetrically with are provided with in sensor outer housing, the outside of described support 10 is equipped with and compresses guide pillar 11, the inner side of described support 10 is equipped with holddown spring 12, described support 10 is also provided with precise guide rail 22 and accurate slide rail, accurate slide rail comprises accurate slide rail A19 and accurate slide rail B21, it is clearance fit between precise guide rail 22 and accurate slide rail, the below of described support 10 also arranges spring pull bar 17, accurate slide rail and spring pull bar 17 top are fixed with extension spring 16, extension spring 16 is used for straining accurate slide rail, accurate slide rail is slided at precise guide rail 22 fro inside.
Described sensor outer housing comprises upper cover 3 in mating connection and lower cover 2, lower cover 2 is also provided with lower cover cover 1.
Described anchor fluke structure comprises the large joint 4 of long anchor fluke, and the large joint of long anchor fluke 4 is arranged on the junction of upper cover 3 and long anchor fluke body 5 one end, and the other end of long anchor fluke body 5 is provided with the little joint 7 of long anchor fluke, and the little joint 7 of long anchor fluke is connected with grapnel corpus unguis 9 by wire rope 8.
Described long anchor fluke body 5 is also provided with multiple anchor fluke 23.
Described anchor fluke 23 by punching on long anchor fluke body 5 with grapnel corpus unguis 9, penetrates anchor fluke system by wire rope 8, makes long anchor fluke body 5 can reliably be fixed on hole wall with kitten corpus unguis 9.
Described grapnel corpus unguis 9 is 2.
Described holddown spring 12 is installed on support 10 and compresses between guide pillar 11, is passed to by the elastic force of holddown spring 12 and compresses guide pillar 11.
Described accurate slide rail is the gradient slide rail of central plane, can make with it the strain beam 6 of close contact all the time that elastic deformation occurs, thus make fiber grating 13 that deformation occur during slip.
Described strain beam 6 is 2, tightly contacts accurate slide rail inclined-plane, and each strain beam 6 both sides can both be adhesively fixed fiber grating 13.Described accurate slide rail is 2.Described extension spring 16 is 2.4 fiber gratings are connected by welding, and tail optical fiber penetrates armored optical cable 15 by copper sleeve 14, is connected with optical cable.
The change of the inclination angle of inclined plane of described precise guide rail 22 can realize the adjustment to transducer sensitivity, can adjust the range of sensor by changing precise guide rail 22 chamfer length.
The large joint of long anchor fluke 4 realizes the connection of long anchor fluke body 5 and sensor entirety; Long anchor fluke body 5 realizes the fixing of sensor; Grapnel corpus unguis 9 realizes the fixing of measurement point; Precise guide rail 22 plays the effect of guiding to accurate slide rail; Strain beam 6 is the platforms that are adhesively fixed of fiber grating.
Fiber grating 13 is four, and four fiber grating 13 centre wavelengths are different, and described fiber grating 13 is all bonded and fixed to two strain beam 6 both sides, is used for detecting change in displacement.
Extension spring 16, two, two ends are separately fixed at spring pull bar 17 and accurate slide rail top, be used for straining accurate slide rail, accurate slide rail is slided at precise guide rail 22 fro inside; Holddown spring 12, is installed on support 10 and compresses between guide pillar 11, being passed to by holddown spring 12 elastic force and compress guide pillar 11 by two;
Compress guide pillar 11, two, by the pressure compaction strain beam 6 of holddown spring 12, make strain beam 6 and accurate slide rail inclined-plane close contact all the time;
Support 10, moves up and down compression guide pillar 11 and play the guiding role by two;
17, one, spring pull bar, plays the effect of fixing extension spring 16;
Drag link sleeve, is arranged on spring pull bar 17 by one, plays segmentation two extension springs 16, avoids two extension springs 16 to stir knot together;
Wire rope 8, transmits the effect of change in displacement, by wire rope 8, two relative displacements of long anchor fluke body 5 and two grapnel corpus unguis, 9 three points is changed, pass to precise guide rail 22;
Hold-down nut 20, is tightly fixed on wire rope 8 in precise guide rail 22 by two.
During installation, sensor should be arranged on top board position placed in the middle, by punching, sensor outer housing main body is arranged on colliery, top, metallic ore tunnel.
Down-hole Installation Considerations
1) after having openning hole, first withstand dark basic point anchor fluke body with drilling rod, disclose at the bottom of hole, extract drilling rod out, then extract out after heading into shallow foundation point anchor fluke body hand-hole 3m.About drag several lower wire rope 8 downwards by the power of 50N, utilize anchored end 24 to fix, confirm that anchor fluke fixedly secures in hole, if loosened, continue to drag until firmly.If wire rope 8 is extracted out too much, then need again to head into drilling rod.
2) back out the stainless steel cover of sensor rear end, down take out wire rope 8, sensor is up pushed up simultaneously, by sensor top to both sides ear is concordant with top board.If the sensor that directly can not make that hole is beaten is difficult to install to the end, at this moment can raps the ear position of sensor with instrument, sensor is bit by bit headed into, tightly catch hold of wire rope 8 simultaneously.
3) wedge fixing threaded hole is passed on wire rope 8, drag tight wire rope 8, promote accurate slide rail bottom simultaneously, make its about 1cm that moves up, then wire rope 8 is pushed to the accurate deep side of slide rail opening, hold-down nut 20 is spun on accurate slide rail screw thread, and tightens, ensure that wire rope 8 is connected with accurate slide rail and be closely unlikely to slippage.Note, necessarily hold-down nut 20 tightened by critical wire rope 8 of dragging simultaneously, otherwise sensor pretension can lose efficacy, and pretension inefficacy can cause sensor accuracy class degradation.
4) after pretension, be adjacent to hold-down nut 20 and cut off wire rope 8, screw lower cover cover 1.
The course of work of sensor: when top board is subjected to displacement, the anchor fluke structure (grapnel corpus unguis 9 and anchor fluke 23) be arranged in top board is driven to be subjected to displacement, simultaneously, anchor fluke structure can be fixed on the wire rope of accurate slide rail one end by hold-down nut 20, overcome extension spring 16 pulling force, pull accurate slide rail, accurate slide rail is slided in precise guide rail 22 stretch out, meanwhile, accurate slide rail inclined-plane overcomes holddown spring 12 elastic force, promotes strain beam 6 and is outwards out of shape, now, compress guide pillar 11 overhanging, holddown spring 12 pressurized, extension spring 16 tension.Because accurate slide rail slip can drive the change of strain beam 6 amount of deflection, thus make fiber grating 13 produce deformation, raster center wavelength changes.

Claims (9)

1. one kind can be carried out the fiber grating displacement sensor of multimetering, it is characterized in that, comprise sensor outer housing and anchor fluke structure, two supports be arranged symmetrically with are provided with in sensor outer housing, the outside of described support is equipped with compression guide pillar, the inner side of described support is equipped with holddown spring, the inside of described support institute envelope is also provided with precise guide rail and accurate slide rail, it is clearance fit between precise guide rail and accurate slide rail, the below of described support also arranges spring pull bar, accurate slide rail top and spring pull bar are fixed with extension spring, extension spring is used for straining accurate slide rail, accurate slide rail is slided at precise guide rail fro inside,
Described anchor fluke structure comprises the large joint of long anchor fluke, the large joint of long anchor fluke is arranged on the junction of upper cover and long anchor fluke body one end, the other end of long anchor fluke body is provided with the little joint of long anchor fluke, and the little coupler bore of long anchor fluke has wire rope to pass through, and accurate slide rail is connected with grapnel corpus unguis by wire rope;
Described precise guide rail contact of incline plane strain beam, strain beam is two, and each strain beam both sides can both be adhesively fixed fiber grating;
The change of the bevel angle of described precise guide rail can realize the adjustment to transducer sensitivity, can adjust the range of sensor by changing precise guide rail chamfer length.
2. a kind of fiber grating displacement sensor carrying out multimetering as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described sensor outer housing comprises upper cover in mating connection and lower cover, under cover and be also provided with lower cover cover.
3. a kind of fiber grating displacement sensor carrying out multimetering as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described long anchor fluke body is also provided with multiple anchor fluke.
4. a kind of fiber grating displacement sensor carrying out multimetering as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described anchor fluke penetrates the hole on long anchor fluke body and grapnel corpus unguis by steel wire, and bending is made, and function is that long anchor fluke body and grapnel corpus unguis are reliably fixed on hole wall.
5. a kind of fiber grating displacement sensor carrying out multimetering as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described holddown spring is installed on support and compresses between guide pillar, and the elastic force of holddown spring is passed to compression guide pillar.
6. a kind of fiber grating displacement sensor carrying out multimetering as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described accurate slide rail is the gradient slide rail of central plane, can make with it the strain beam generation elastic deformation of close contact all the time, thus make fiber grating generation deformation during slip.
7. a kind of fiber grating displacement sensor carrying out multimetering as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described grapnel corpus unguis is 2.
8. a kind of fiber grating displacement sensor carrying out multimetering as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described accurate slide rail is 2.
9. a kind of fiber grating displacement sensor carrying out multimetering as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described extension spring is 2.
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