CN103759659A - Fiber bragg grating displacement sensor capable of conducting multi-point measurement - Google Patents
Fiber bragg grating displacement sensor capable of conducting multi-point measurement Download PDFInfo
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- CN103759659A CN103759659A CN201410040003.8A CN201410040003A CN103759659A CN 103759659 A CN103759659 A CN 103759659A CN 201410040003 A CN201410040003 A CN 201410040003A CN 103759659 A CN103759659 A CN 103759659A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fiber bragg grating displacement sensor capable of conducting multi-point measurement. The fiber bragg grating displacement sensor comprises a sensor outer shell and an anchor jaw structure. Two symmetrically-arranged supports are arranged in the sensor outer shell, the outer sides of the supports are respectively provided with a pressing guide column, the inner sides of the supports are provided with pressing springs respectively, the supports are further provided with precision guide rails and precision sliding rails, the precision guide rails are in clearance fit with the precision sliding rails, a spring pulling rod is further arranged below the supports, and extension springs are fixed on the upper portions of the precision guide rails and the upper portion of the spring pulling rod and used for tensioning the precision sliding rails to enable the precision sliding rails to perform reciprocated sliding in the precision guide rails. According to the actual use requirement, the flexibility and the measuring range of the sensor can be selected, the slope heights of the precision guide rails can be changed to adjust the flexibility of the sensor, and the slope lengths of the precision guide rails can be changed to adjust the measuring range.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sensor, relate in particular to a kind of optical fibre displacement sensor of measuring multiple somes displacements that coal mine safety monitoring is the dynamic monitoring of top board that is applicable to.
Background technology
Roof separation indicator is a kind of special monitoring instrument that roof strata moves of monitoring, and by the comprehensive roof delamination observation to all kinds of tunnels, generally recognizes that roof delamination observe supporting to tunnel, reforms and play certain guidance and warning function.The data analysis observing according to roof separation indicator, draws the situations such as different geologic conditions, lithological change, has summed up absciss layer amount within the scope of tunnel anchor net, takes in time effective supporting measure, prevents the generation of top board slump accident, ensures safety in production.To studying Stope Abutment Pressure distribution and metastatic rule, deformation of the surrounding rock in tunnel rule, stability of the roadway is identified, top board unstability absciss layer critical value is judged in research simultaneously, research roadway surrounding rock moving situation, and the stability of analyzing country rock provides technological means.
Fibre Optical Sensor is take light wave as information carrier, and optical fiber information acquisition is integrated with transmission.There is following uniqueness: not charged essential safety, be applicable to inflammable under coal mine, explosive environments; Fiber transmission attenuation is little, long transmission distance, be not subject to that the interference of electromagnetic field and temperature humidity affect, transmission reliability is high; Optical fiber sensing monitoring power system capacity is large, be easy to realize multiple spot multiparameter on-line monitoring, greatly reduce kind and the quantity of equipment, and system configuration is simple, is convenient to safeguard; Fibre Optical Sensor has the unique advantage of distributed monitoring, can realize the temperature strain on-line monitoring to optical fiber each point along the line, in the continuous monitoring to larger space scope, has unique using value.
Purely mechanical separation indicator exists that manual observation record has discontinuity, takes time and effort, down-hole observe inconvenient, cause error large, can not realize real time on-line monitoring, after roof weighting distortion, the shortcoming such as reaction velocity is slow; And present most sensors all need power supply, charged detection technique falls behind, sensor reliability is poor, maintenance workload is large, supervisory system is subject to the interference of electromagnetic field serious in signals collecting and transmission line, the dangerous matter sources such as such as coal mine gob or closed area are difficult to lay, simultaneously with danger.
Summary of the invention
The deficiency existing for solving prior art, the invention discloses a kind of fiber grating displacement sensor that carries out multimetering, this fiber grating displacement sensor, because itself is not charged, essential safety, can realize real time on-line monitoring, can be used for the dynamic monitoring of coal mine lower roof plate, also can be used for the amount of the crushing monitoring in the places such as culvert, tunnel.Can critically measure rate of sinking, deflection, deformation velocity and displacement, amount of convergence of mine, pit shaft, roadway, getting working face, arch canopy etc. etc.
For achieving the above object, concrete scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of fiber grating displacement sensor that carries out multimetering, comprise sensor outer housing and anchor fluke structure, in sensor outer housing, be provided with two supports that are arranged symmetrically with, the outside of described support is equipped with compression guide pillar, the inner side of described support is equipped with holddown spring, the inside of described support institute envelope is also provided with precise guide rail and accurate slide rail, between precise guide rail and accurate slide rail, it is clearance fit, the below of described support also arranges spring pull bar, accurate slide rail top and spring pull bar are fixed with extension spring, extension spring is used for straining accurate slide rail, accurate slide rail is reciprocatingly slided in precise guide rail inside, precise guide rail inclined-plane contacting strain beam, strain beam is two, each strain beam both sides fiber grating that can both be adhesively fixed.
Described sensor outer housing comprises upper cover in mating connection and lower cover, under cover and be also provided with lower cover cover.
Described anchor fluke structure comprises the large joint of long anchor fluke, the large joint of long anchor fluke is arranged on the junction of upper cover and long anchor fluke body one end, the other end of long anchor fluke body is provided with the little joint of long anchor fluke, and the little joint endoporus of long anchor fluke has wire rope to pass through, and wire rope is connected accurate slide rail with grapnel corpus unguis.
On described long anchor fluke body, be also provided with multiple anchor flukes.
Described anchor fluke penetrates the hole on long anchor fluke body and grapnel corpus unguis by steel wire, and bending is made, and function is that long anchor fluke body and grapnel corpus unguis can be fixed on hole wall reliably.
Described grapnel corpus unguis is 2.
Described holddown spring is installed on support and compresses between guide pillar, and the elastic force of holddown spring is passed to compression guide pillar.
Described accurate slide rail is the gradient slide rail of central plane, can make with it the strain beam generation elastic deformation of close contact all the time, thereby make fiber grating generation deformation during slip.
Described accurate slide rail is 2.
Described extension spring is 2.
The change of the bevel angle of described precise guide rail can realize the adjustment to transducer sensitivity, can adjust the range of sensor by changing precise guide rail chamfer length.
The large joint of long anchor fluke is realized being connected of large anchor fluke body and sensor entirety; Long anchor fluke body is realized the fixing of sensor; Grapnel corpus unguis is realized the fixing of measurement point; Precise guide rail plays the effect of guiding to accurate slide rail; Strain beam is the platform that is adhesively fixed of fiber grating.
Fiber grating is four, four fiber bragg grating center wavelength differences, and described fiber grating is all adhesively fixed in two strain beam both sides, is used for detecting change in displacement.Extension spring, two, two ends are separately fixed at spring pull bar and accurate slide rail top, are used for straining accurate slide rail, and tight slide rail is reciprocatingly slided in tight guide rail inside; Holddown spring, two, be installed on support and compress between guide pillar, spring force is passed to compression guide pillar; Compress guide pillar, two, the pressure of using spring compresses strain beam, makes strain beam and accurate slide rail inclined-plane close contact all the time; Support,, moves up and down and play the guiding role compression guide pillar by two.
Spring pull bar,, plays the effect of fixing extension spring by one; Drag link sleeve, one, be arranged on spring pull bar, play and cut apart two extension springs, avoid two extension springs to stir knot together; Wire rope, two, the effect of transmitting change in displacement, by wire rope, changes two relative displacements of large anchor fluke body and three points of two grapnel corpus unguis, passes to precise guide rail; Hold-down nut,, is tightly fixed on wire rope in precise guide rail by two.
Specific formula for calculation: according to prior art and data known temperature and the common wavelength variations Δ λ producing of strain
b=0.74 λ
bε
b, wherein λ
bfor FBG centre wavelength, ε
bfor strain.That is:
After deformation produces, the strain of two gratings is:
ε
B1＝ε
T+ε
M （2）
ε
B2＝ε
T-ε
M （3）
Wherein ε
tfor temperature affects the strain causing, ε
mthe strain causing for deflection.
By formula (2) and formula (3), obtained:
By formula (1), known
Optic fiber grating wavelength changes
with strain of flexure ε
mlinear and one-to-one relationship.
Meanwhile, the strain facies that temperature produces the grating under environment of the same race is same, is all ε
t, through type (1) formula (2) and formula (3) combination, we have eliminated ε
tthereby, eliminated temperature to required measurement result ε
mimpact.
As shown in Figure 9, it is highly H for L that accurate slide rail inclined-plane can be reduced to long, and drift angle angle is
chamfer length is the triangular shape model of L', strain of flexure ε
mcan be reduced to after the accurate slide track telescopic l of sensor, the deformation h of strain beam, supposes that the corresponding accurate slide rail of initial position position is l
0, corresponding strain of flexure is reduced to h
0, when producing relative displacement between anchor fluke structure and sensor, now, accurate slide rail position becomes l
1, corresponding strain of flexure is h
1, now anchor fluke structure and sensor relative shift are:
Δl＝l
1-l
0 （6）
Simplifying strain of flexure is:
Δh＝h
1-h
0 （7）
Simultaneously
Through type (6), formula (7), formula (8) can find out displacement and strain of flexure amount linear, and strain of flexure ε
mchange with optic fiber grating wavelength
linear, therefore displacement and optic fiber grating wavelength change
linear.By demarcating, draw this kind of linear relationship, according to optic fiber grating wavelength, change, we just can draw the variation of displacement.
At this, on each strain beam, arrange respectively the fiber grating of 2 different centre wavelengths, therefore two strain beams are arranged 4 fiber gratings altogether, and 4 fiber bragg grating center wavelengths are different, therefore can detect 3 points, two relative displacements.
Working sensor principle: the grapnel corpus unguis of sensor and on anchor fluke be anchored end, when top board is subjected to displacement or during absciss layer, by the relative motion between two grapnel corpus unguis and three positions of large anchor fluke body, judge the absciss layer amount of top board generation and the position that absciss layer occurs, by the early warning value arranging, there is warning or alarm.
The anchorage point of dark basic point is at rock interior, generally can there is not absciss layer, more than shallow foundation point, when dark basic point is subjected to displacement below, grapnel corpus unguis and the anchor fluke of sensor and shallow foundation point, sink simultaneously, the wire rope that sensor internal connects dark basic point grapnel corpus unguis and anchor fluke will drag accurate slide rail and be subjected to displacement, accurate slide rail position changes, strain beam and the fiber grating be close on accurate slide rail are ensued variation, by the demodulation of (FBG) demodulator, we can obtain the displacement of accurate slide rail, thereby obtain absciss layer amount and separating location.Absciss layer amount is read by (FBG) demodulator, and separating location draws by deep basic point, shallow foundation point place displacement, this kind of situation, and there is displacement at dark basic point place, and shallow foundation point place non-displacement, more than therefore can decision bits being set to shallow foundation point, deeply below basic point.
If in like manner two basic point places have displacement and displacement to equate, judges generation separating location as: more than sensor main body, below shallow foundation point position.
If there is displacement at two basic point places, and deep base point displacement amount is large, judge at dark basic point to there being absciss layer to occur between sensor, the registration that dark basic point is deep base point displacement to the absciss layer amount of sensor, and dark basic point to the absciss layer amount of shallow foundation point generation is the difference of deep base point displacement and shallow foundation point displacement, and the shallow foundation displacement that to put to the absciss layer amount of sensor be shallow foundation point.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, can be by selecting transducer sensitivity and range according to actual operation requirements.Change precise guide rail bevel angle
can realize the adjustment to transducer sensitivity, by changing precise guide rail chamfer length capable of adjusting range.
2, according to actual installation, require to change by adjusting large anchor fluke body length and anchor fluke diameter and anchor fluke number firm degree and the reliability of installation of sensors, to adapt to engineering demand.
3, installation of sensors is convenient, by fixing anchor fluke, can be by light fixation of sensor, and reliability is high.
4, compare general electronic sensor, sensor itself is not charged, essential safety.
5, sensor construction is relatively simple, and parts machining is convenient, cost-saving, easy to assembly, saves human cost.
6, sensor, take light wave as information carrier, is not subject to electromagnetic interference (EMI), can data acquisition under strong-electromagnetic field environment.
7, signal is by optical cable transmission, and signal attenuation is little, long transmission distance.
8, sensor itself adopt fire prevention, anti-fall, resistant material, intensity and toughness is high, not fragile.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 one-piece construction schematic diagram one of the present invention;
Fig. 2 one-piece construction schematic diagram two of the present invention;
Fig. 3 scheme of installation of the present invention;
Fig. 4 sensor main body fragmentary sectional elevation view;
Fig. 5 sensor main body side partial sectional view;
Fig. 6 sensor fixed part partial sectional view;
The accurate slide rail three-dimensional plot of Fig. 7 sensor;
Fig. 8 sensor precise guide rail three-dimensional plot;
The accurate slide rail of Fig. 9 inclined-plane simplified model;
In figure, 1 lower cover cover, 2 lower covers, 3 upper covers, the large joint of 4 long anchor fluke, 5 long anchor fluke bodies, 6 strain beams, the little joint of 7 long anchor fluke, 8 wire rope, 9 grapnel corpus unguis, 10 supports, 11 compress guide pillar, 12 holddown springs, 13 fiber gratings, 14 copper sleeves (standard component), 15 armored optical cables (diameter is 6mm single fiber cable), 16 extension springs, 17 spring pull bars, 18 drag link sleeves, 19 accurate slide rail A, 20 hold-down nuts, 21 accurate slide rail B, 22 precise guide rail, 23 anchor flukes, 24 anchored end.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail:
As shown in Fig. 1-8, a kind of fiber grating displacement sensor that carries out multimetering, comprise sensor outer housing and anchor fluke structure, in sensor outer housing, be provided with two supports 10 that are arranged symmetrically with, the outside of described support 10 is equipped with and compresses guide pillar 11, the inner side of described support 10 is equipped with holddown spring 12, on described support 10, be also provided with precise guide rail 22 and accurate slide rail, accurate slide rail comprises accurate slide rail A19 and accurate slide rail B21, between precise guide rail 22 and accurate slide rail, it is clearance fit, the below of described support 10 also arranges spring pull bar 17, accurate slide rail and spring pull bar 17 tops are fixed with extension spring 16, extension spring 16 is used for straining accurate slide rail, tight slide rail is reciprocatingly slided in precise guide rail 22 inside.
Described sensor outer housing comprises upper cover in mating connection 3 and lower cover 2, is also provided with lower cover cover 1 on lower cover 2.
Described anchor fluke structure comprises the large joint 4 of long anchor fluke, and the large joint 4 of long anchor fluke is arranged on the junction of upper cover 3 and long anchor fluke body 5 one end, and the other end of long anchor fluke body 5 is provided with the little joint 7 of long anchor fluke, and the little joint 7 of long anchor fluke is connected with grapnel corpus unguis 9 by wire rope 8.
On described long anchor fluke body 5, be also provided with multiple anchor flukes 23.
Described anchor fluke 23 by punching on long anchor fluke body 5 and grapnel corpus unguis 9, penetrates anchor fluke system by wire rope 8, and long anchor fluke body 5 can be fixed on hole wall reliably with kitten corpus unguis 9.
Described grapnel corpus unguis 9 is 2.
Described holddown spring 12 is installed on support 10 and compresses between guide pillar 11, and the elastic force of holddown spring 12 is passed to and compresses guide pillar 11.
Described accurate slide rail is the gradient slide rail of central plane, can make with it the strain beam 6 of close contact all the time that elastic deformation occurs, thereby make fiber grating 13 that deformation occur during slip.
Described strain beam 6 is 2, tightly contacts accurate slide rail inclined-plane, each strain beam 6 both sides fiber grating 13 that can both be adhesively fixed.Described accurate slide rail is 2.Described extension spring 16 is 2.4 fiber gratings connect by welding, and tail optical fiber penetrates armored optical cable 15 by copper sleeve 14, are connected with optical cable.
The change of the inclination angle of inclined plane of described precise guide rail 22 can realize the adjustment to transducer sensitivity, can adjust the range of sensor by changing precise guide rail 22 chamfer lengths.
The long anchor fluke body 5 of large joint 4 realization of long anchor fluke is connected with sensor entirety; Long anchor fluke body 5 is realized the fixing of sensor; Grapnel corpus unguis 9 is realized the fixing of measurement point; Precise guide rail 22 plays the effect of guiding to accurate slide rail; Strain beam 6 is the platforms that are adhesively fixed of fiber grating.
Fiber grating 13 is four, four fiber grating 13 centre wavelength differences, and described fiber grating 13 is all adhesively fixed in two strain beam 6 both sides, is used for detecting change in displacement.
16, two of extension springs, two ends are separately fixed at spring pull bar 17 and accurate slide rail top, are used for straining accurate slide rail, and tight slide rail is reciprocatingly slided in precise guide rail 22 inside; 12, two of holddown springs, are installed on support 10 and compress between guide pillar 11, and holddown spring 12 elastic force are passed to and compress guide pillar 11;
Compress 11, two of guide pillars, by the pressure of holddown spring 12, compress strain beam 6, make strain beam 6 and accurate slide rail inclined-plane close contact all the time;
10, two, support, moves up and down and play the guiding role compression guide pillar 11;
17, one, spring pull bar, plays the effect of fixing extension spring 16;
Drag link sleeve, one, be arranged on spring pull bar 17, play and cut apart two extension springs 16, avoid two extension springs 16 to stir knot together;
Wire rope 8, the effect of transmitting change in displacement, by wire rope 8, changes two relative displacements of long anchor fluke body 5 and 9 three points of two grapnel corpus unguis, passes to precise guide rail 22;
20, two of hold-down nuts, are tightly fixed on wire rope 8 in precise guide rail 22.
During installation, sensor should be arranged on top board position placed in the middle, by punching, sensor outer housing main body is arranged on to colliery, top, metallic ore tunnel.
Down-hole Installation Considerations
1) after having openning hole, first with drilling rod, withstand dark basic point anchor fluke body, disclose at the bottom of hole, extract drilling rod out, then extract out after heading into shallow foundation point anchor fluke body hand-hole 3m.Approximately by the power of 50N, drag several lower wire rope 8 downwards, utilize anchored end 24 fixing, confirm that anchor fluke fixedly secures in hole, if loosening, continue to drag until firmly.If wire rope 8 is extracted out too much, need again to head into drilling rod.
2) back out the stainless steel cover of sensor rear end, down take out wire rope 8, sensor is up pushed up simultaneously, sensor is pushed up till both sides ear is concordant with top board.If the sensor that directly can not make that hole is beaten is difficult to install to the end, at this moment can rap with instrument the ear position of sensor, sensor is bit by bit headed into, tightly catch hold of wire rope 8 simultaneously.
3) passing wedge fixing threaded hole on wire rope 8, drag tight wire rope 8, promote accurate slide rail bottom simultaneously, make its 1cm left and right that moves up, then wire rope 8 is pushed to the deep side of accurate slide rail opening, hold-down nut 20 is spun on accurate slide rail screw thread, and tightens, guarantee that wire rope 8 is connected and is closely unlikely to slippage with accurate slide rail.Note, certain critical wire rope 8 of dragging is tightened hold-down nut 20 simultaneously, otherwise sensor pretension can lose efficacy, and pretension inefficacy can cause sensor measurement precision degradation.
4) after pretension, be adjacent to hold-down nut 20 and cut off wire rope 8, screw lower cover cover 1.
The course of work of sensor: when top board is subjected to displacement, the anchor fluke structure (grapnel corpus unguis 9 and anchor fluke 23) that drive is arranged in top board is subjected to displacement, simultaneously, anchor fluke structure can be fixed on by hold-down nut 20 wire rope of accurate slide rail one end, overcome extension spring 16 pulling force, pull accurate slide rail, make accurate slide rail slide and stretch out in precise guide rail 22, meanwhile, accurate slide rail inclined-plane overcomes holddown spring 12 elastic force, promotes strain beam 6 and is outwards out of shape, now, compress guide pillar 11 overhanging, holddown spring 12 pressurizeds, extension spring 16 tensions.Because accurate slide rail slides, can drive the variation of strain beam 6 amounts of deflection, thereby make fiber grating 13 produce deformation, raster center wavelength changes.
Claims (10)
1. one kind can be carried out the fiber grating displacement sensor of multimetering, it is characterized in that, comprise sensor outer housing and anchor fluke structure, in sensor outer housing, be provided with two supports that are arranged symmetrically with, the outside of described support is equipped with compression guide pillar, the inner side of described support is equipped with holddown spring, the inside of described support institute envelope is also provided with precise guide rail and accurate slide rail, between precise guide rail and accurate slide rail, it is clearance fit, the below of described support also arranges spring pull bar, accurate slide rail top and spring pull bar are fixed with extension spring, extension spring is used for straining accurate slide rail, tight slide rail is reciprocatingly slided in precise guide rail inside,
Described anchor fluke structure comprises the large joint of long anchor fluke, the large joint of long anchor fluke is arranged on the junction of upper cover and long anchor fluke body one end, the other end of long anchor fluke body is provided with the little joint of long anchor fluke, and the little joint endoporus of long anchor fluke has wire rope to pass through, and wire rope is connected accurate slide rail with grapnel corpus unguis;
Described precise guide rail inclined-plane contacting strain beam, strain beam is two, each strain beam both sides fiber grating that can both be adhesively fixed.
2. a kind of fiber grating displacement sensor that carries out multimetering as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described sensor outer housing comprises upper cover in mating connection and lower cover, under cover and be also provided with lower cover cover.
3. a kind of fiber grating displacement sensor that carries out multimetering as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, on described long anchor fluke body, is also provided with multiple anchor flukes.
4. a kind of fiber grating displacement sensor that carries out multimetering as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described anchor fluke penetrates the hole on long anchor fluke body and grapnel corpus unguis by steel wire, and bending is made, and function is that long anchor fluke body and grapnel corpus unguis can be fixed on hole wall reliably.
5. a kind of fiber grating displacement sensor that carries out multimetering as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described holddown spring is installed on support and compresses between guide pillar, and the elastic force of holddown spring is passed to compression guide pillar.
6. a kind of fiber grating displacement sensor that carries out multimetering as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described accurate slide rail is the gradient slide rail of central plane, can make with it the strain beam generation elastic deformation of close contact all the time, thereby make fiber grating generation deformation during slip.
7. a kind of fiber grating displacement sensor that carries out multimetering as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the change of the bevel angle of described precise guide rail can realize the adjustment to transducer sensitivity, can adjust the range of sensor by changing precise guide rail chamfer length.
8. a kind of fiber grating displacement sensor that carries out multimetering as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described grapnel corpus unguis is 2.
9. a kind of fiber grating displacement sensor that carries out multimetering as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described accurate slide rail is 2.
10. a kind of fiber grating displacement sensor that carries out multimetering as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described extension spring is 2.
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| CN105333806A (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2016-02-17 | 陕西煤业化工技术研究院有限责任公司 | Mining mechanical driving digital display bed separation monitoring system and method |
| CN109631791A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-04-16 | 山东道宽智能科技有限公司 | A kind of passive roof delamination sensor of mining wide range fiber grating |
| CN110763380A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-02-07 | 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司 | One-hole multi-point type stress and displacement monitoring system based on fiber bragg grating measurement |
| CN113639649A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-12 | 合肥市光感芯科技有限公司 | Strain type roof separation layer sensor based on fiber bragg grating |
| CN113639648A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-12 | 合肥市光感芯科技有限公司 | Top plate separation layer sensor based on fiber grating technology |
| CN116464512A (en) * | 2023-04-26 | 2023-07-21 | 济南福深兴安科技有限公司 | Optical fiber roof separation layer sensor |
| CN116464512B (en) * | 2023-04-26 | 2024-02-09 | 济南福深兴安科技有限公司 | Optical fiber roof separation layer sensor |
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