CN103983197A - Wide-range fiber bragg grating displacement sensor and measuring method - Google Patents
Wide-range fiber bragg grating displacement sensor and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103983197A CN103983197A CN201410209172.XA CN201410209172A CN103983197A CN 103983197 A CN103983197 A CN 103983197A CN 201410209172 A CN201410209172 A CN 201410209172A CN 103983197 A CN103983197 A CN 103983197A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wide-range fiber bragg grating displacement sensor and a measuring method. The wide-range fiber bragg grating displacement sensor comprises a sensor body and a steel wire rope fixing structure. The sensor body comprises a sensor outer shell, an optical fiber, a strain beam, a first fiber bragg grating, a second fiber bragg grating, a precise screw, a first support, a reel, a steel wire rope, a spring box, a second support and a volute spiral spring, wherein the optical fiber, the strain beam, the first fiber bragg grating, the second fiber bragg grating, the precise screw, the first support, the reel, the steel wire rope, the spring box, the second support and the volute spiral spring are arranged inside the outer shell. The first support and the second support are fixed on the sensor outer shell. The outer side of the first support is fixedly provided with the strain beam. The upper side and the lower side of the strain beam are bonded with the first fiber bragg grating and the second fiber bragg grating respectively. The precise screw doing reciprocating movement through thread transmission is fixed between the first support and the second support. The reel is fixed on the precise screw. The wide-range fiber bragg grating displacement sensor has the advantages that the sensitivity of the sensor can be adjusted by changing the screw pitch P of the precise screw, the range can be adjusted by changing the diameter of the reel, and long-distance measuring can be carried out compared with an ordinary optical fiber sensor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of displacement transducer, relate in particular to a kind of wide range fiber grating displacement transducer and measuring method, be applicable to the real time on-line monitoring of coal mine hydraulic supporting displacement.
Background technology
China's coal mining comprehensive mechanization level is improving constantly, and along with the use of the development of performing comprehensive coal mining machineryization and novel high-power coalcutter, face conveyor, requires the monitoring technology of hydraulic support duty to match with it.The supervisory system of coalcutter and transporter comes into operation in many collieries at present, but the real-time monitoring system of hydraulic support duty lags behind above-mentioned supervisory system, has brought great inconvenience to site work personnel.
Current hydraulic support status monitoring adopts electronic sensing device more, because workplace has strong electromagnetic interference (EMI), easily cause measurement inaccurate, and existing hydraulic support rectilinear transducer installation cost is higher, and signal drift is serious, signal long-distance transmissions difficulty, inconvenient networking, simultaneously poor to the antijamming capability of site environment, need often zeroing and proofread and correct, easily in the support course of work, damage; Existing fiber grating displacement sensor precision is higher, anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI), but range is less, generally, in 200mm, can not meet on-the-spot request for utilization.Various monitoring modes do not have systematicness yet.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly in order to address the above problem, a kind of fiber grating displacement sensor and measuring method of wide range have been proposed, this fiber grating displacement sensor, volume is little, precision is high, range is large and range is adjustable continuously, secondly because sensor itself is not charged, and essential safety, can under inflammable and explosive environment, use, and can realize real time on-line monitoring, and be the displacement of monitoring hydraulic support, the trend of analytical work face provides technological means.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of wide range fiber grating displacement transducer, comprising: sensor main body and wire rope fixed sturcture; Described sensor main body comprises sensor outer housing and is arranged on the optical fiber of enclosure, strain beam, fiber grating one, fiber grating two, accurate screw rod, support one, reel, wire rope, spring box, support two and scroll spring;
Described support one is fixed on sensor outer housing with support two, and described support one outside is fixed with strain beam, the upper and lower both sides of strain beam bonding fiber grating one and fiber grating two respectively;
Between support one and support two, be fixed with the accurate screw rod moving back and forth by screw thread transmission between two stands, on described accurate screw rod, be fixed with reel;
Described support two inner sides are fixed with spring box, and spring box inside is provided with scroll spring, and scroll spring is connected with accurate screw rod.
Described wire rope fixed sturcture comprises for by the steel cable clamp of wire rope clamping and for the fixing free-ended wire rope set collar of wire rope;
Wire rope one end is fixed on sensor internal reel, and reel is wound around after the suitable number of turns, clamps, and be blocked in sensor outer housing outside by steel cable clamp, and the other end is free end, is fixed on wire rope set collar.
Described sensor outer housing comprises: upper cover, lower cover, cylinder side wall, optical cable fixture splice and armored optical cable; Described upper cover, lower cover and sidewall form the housing of fiber grating displacement sensor jointly, and described lower cover outside is provided with the optical cable fixture splice for fixing optical cable, and optical cable fixture splice connects armored optical cable; Optical fiber one end is fixed on strain beam, and the other end enters armored optical cable through lower cover.
The sensitivity of sensor can be adjusted by adjusting the pitch of accurate screw rod and the size of strain beam, the range of sensor can be adjusted by changing the diameter of accurate screw flight length and reel.
A measuring method for wide range fiber grating displacement transducer,
In the time that between wire rope set collar and sensor main body, distance becomes large, wire rope drags reel and rotates, reel drives accurate bolt rotary, scroll spring storage power, accurate screw rod is to the side shifting near strain beam, strain beam strain of flexure increases, and draws measured displacement amount by displacement and strain of flexure amount calibration formula;
In the time that between wire rope set collar and sensor main body, distance diminishes, reel rotates under the elastic force of scroll spring, wire rope is coiled on reel, accurate screw rod is to the side shifting away from strain beam, strain beam strain of flexure reduces, and draws measured displacement amount by displacement and strain of flexure amount calibration formula.
Described wire rope set collar and sensor main body part are separately fixed at measurement target and will be subjected to displacement the two ends at position.
The calibration formula of described displacement and strain of flexure amount is:
Wherein, ε
mfor strain of flexure amount, λ
bfor the centre wavelength of fiber grating, k is constant, the pitch that P is accurate screw rod, and the displacement that L is accurate screw axial, d is reel diameter, Δ λ
b1with Δ λ
b2be respectively the variable quantity of fiber grating one and fiber grating two centre wavelengths.
The sensitivity of sensor can be adjusted by adjusting the pitch of accurate screw rod and the size of strain beam, the range of sensor can be adjusted by changing the diameter of accurate screw flight length and reel.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, optical fibre displacement sensor of the present invention is simple in structure, easy for installation, cost-saving, and reliability is high; Can carry out continuity measurement, range is large and adjustable; Sensor itself is not charged, and essential safety is specially adapted to inflammable and explosive place; Sensor itself adopts fire prevention, anti-falls, resistant material, and intensity and toughness is high, not fragile.
2, Fibre Optical Sensor is taking light wave as information carrier, and optical fiber information acquisition is integrated with transmission.Not charged essential safety, be applicable to inflammable under coal mine, explosive environments; Fiber transmission attenuation is little, long transmission distance, be not subject to that the interference of electromagnetic field and temperature humidity affect, transmission reliability is high; Optical fiber sensing monitoring power system capacity is large, be easy to realize multiple spot multiparameter on-line monitoring, greatly reduce kind and the quantity of equipment, and system configuration is simple, is convenient to safeguard; Fibre Optical Sensor has the unique advantage of distributed monitoring, can realize the temperature strain on-line monitoring to optical fiber each point along the line, in the continuous monitoring to larger space scope, has unique using value.
3, can change according to actual operation requirements sensitivity and the range of sensor: the diameter that changes pitch P, strain beam size, accurate screw flight length and the change reel of accurate screw rod can be realized the adjustment to transducer sensitivity and range; Compare general fiber grating displacement sensor and can carry out the measurement of larger distance, can carry out at present the continuous coverage of 0～1500mm, range is adjustable.
Change air line distance into reel by wire rope and rotate the displacement that drives accurate screw axial rotation to occur, change thereby will grow distance (0～1500mm) displacement (0～5mm) that accurate screw axial rotation occurs into, realize the feature of sensor wide range by physical construction.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is optical fibre displacement sensor one-piece construction schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is optical fibre displacement sensor one-piece construction cross-sectional schematic of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is optical fibre displacement sensor lock-screw cross-sectional schematic of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the accurate screw-rod structure schematic diagram of optical fibre displacement sensor of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is optical fibre displacement sensor reel structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is optical fibre displacement sensor reel cut-open view of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is optical fibre displacement sensor supporting structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the linear relationship chart of optical fibre displacement sensor wavelength difference of the present invention and shift value.
Wherein, 1 optical fiber, 2 strain beams, 3 fiber gratings one, 4 fiber gratings two, 5 accurate screw rods, 6 supports one, 7 reels, 8 wire rope, 9 hold-down nuts, 10 spring boxes, 11 supports two, 12 scroll springs, 13 gib screws one, 14 lock-screws, 15 gib screws two, 16 lower covers, 17 optical cable fixture splices, 18 armored optical cables, 19 cylinder side walls, 20 upper covers, 21 steel cable clamps, 22 wire rope set collars.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention will be further described:
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 7, a kind of wide range fiber grating displacement transducer, comprises sensor main body part and wire rope fixed sturcture, and sensor main body part is made up of housing parts and inner structure part.
Housing parts is made up of lower cover 16, optical cable fixture splice 17, armored optical cable 18, cylinder side wall 19,20 upper covers; Inner structure part is made up of optical fiber 1, strain beam 2, fiber grating 1, fiber grating 24, accurate screw rod 5, support 1, reel 7, wire rope 8, hold-down nut 9, spring box 10, support 2 11, scroll spring 12, gib screw 1, lock-screw 14, gib screw 2 15.
Steel cord structure comprises 21 steel cable clamps, 22 wire rope set collars.
Described optical fiber 1 is 1, and on optical fiber 1, string has fiber grating 1 and fiber grating 24;
Described strain beam 2 is 1, is the bonding stationary platform that provides of fiber grating;
Described fiber grating is 2, and fiber grating 1 is two fiber gratings that centre wavelength is different with fiber grating 24, and fiber grating is all adhesively fixed in strain beam 2 both sides, is used for detecting strain variation;
Described accurate screw rod 5 is 1, for reel 7, hold-down nut 9, scroll spring 12 provide stationary platform, simultaneously for inner structure is provided by the guide-localization effect that provides;
Described support 1 is 1, for the effect of transmission and positioning and quantitative is played in accurate screw rod 5 to-and-fro movements, fixedly provides platform for strain beam 2 simultaneously;
Described support 2 11 is 1, for the effect of guiding is played in accurate screw rod 5 to-and-fro movements, fixedly provides platform for spring box 10 and scroll spring 12 simultaneously;
Described reel 7 is 1, for wire rope 8 joints fixedly provide platform, simultaneously for guiding and position restriction effect are played in wire rope 8 coilings;
Described hold-down nut 9 is 1, for fixing reel 7;
Described scroll spring 12 is 1, for power provides element, for the resilience of wire rope 8 provides power;
Described spring box 10 is 1, is the fixed sturcture of scroll spring 12;
8 one of described wire rope are conducting parts;
Described steel cable clamp 21 is 1, is limit element, in being tightly fixed on wire rope 8, and restriction wire rope 8 resilience length;
Described wire rope set collar 22 is 1, is used for wire rope 8 free ends to be fixed on and to want on measuring equipment;
Described lower cover 16 is 1, fixedly provides platform for sensor internal element and cylinder;
Described cylinder side wall 19 is 1, protection sensor internal structure;
Described upper cover 20 is 1, and sensor outer housing ingredient plays protection sensor internal structure and plays the effect of restriction steel cable clamp;
Described gib screw 1 is 16, fixing for support 1 and support 2, and upper cover 20, lower cover 16 are fixing with cylinder side wall 19, standard component;
Described gib screw 2 15 is 2, and 7, one of fixing reels during for encapsulated sensor are for fixed scroll spring 12, standard component;
Described lock-screw 14 is 3, and 1 is used for wire rope 8 one end to be fixed on reel 7, and all the other 2 are used for spring box 10 to be fixed on support 2 11, standard component;
Described optical cable fixture splice 17 is 1, for being connected and fixed lower cover 16 and armored optical cable 18, standard component;
Described armored optical cable 18 is 1, for connecting sensor and (FBG) demodulator;
Described optical fiber one end is fixed on strain beam 7, and the other end enters armored optical cable 18 through lower cover;
Described strain beam 2 is fixed on lower cover 16 with support 2 11 by described support 1, described support one 6 outsides are fixed with strain beam 2, in the middle of two stands, be provided with accurate screw rod 5, described accurate screw rod 5 is provided with reel 7, hold-down nut 9 and scroll spring 12, described reel 7 one sides and hold-down nut 9 join, and by hold-down nut 9, reel 7 are fixed; Described support 2 11 inner sides are provided with spring box 10, spring box 10 is fixed on support 2 11 by lock-screw 14, spring box 10 inside are provided with scroll spring 12, and scroll spring 12 one end are fixed on support 2 11 by gib screw 1, and the other end inserts accurate screw rod 5 and is connected and fixed with it; Between accurate screw rod 5 and support 1, be threaded connection, and be clearance fit between support 2 11, accurate screw rod 5 is moved back and forth by screw thread transmission between support 1 and support 2 11, the strain beam 2 both sides fiber grating that can both be adhesively fixed.
Described steel cord structure comprises steel cable clamp 21, wire rope set collar 22, wire rope 8 one end are fixed through fixed sturcture on reel 7 in upper cover hole and sensor, and be wrapped on reel 7, the other end is free end, reel 7 is wound around after the suitable number of turns, by by after steel cable clamp 21 clampings, be blocked in upper cover 20 outer ends, wire rope set collar 22 is for fixing wire rope 8 free ends.
The variation of the pitch of described accurate screw rod 5 and strain beam 2 sizes can realize the adjustment to transducer sensitivity, can adjust the range of sensor by changing the reach of accurate screw rod 5 and reel 7 diameters.
Specific formula for calculation: according to prior art and data known temperature and the common wavelength variations Δ λ producing of strain
b=0.74 λ
bε
b, wherein λ
bfor FBG centre wavelength, ε
bfor strain.That is:
After deformation produces, the strain of two gratings is:
ε
B1＝ε
T+ε
M (2)
ε
B2＝ε
T-ε
M (3)
Wherein ε
tfor temperature affects the strain causing, ε
mthe strain causing for deflection.
Obtained by formula (2) and formula (3):
Known by formula (1)
Fiber grating (FBG) wavelength variations
with strain of flexure ε
mlinear and one-to-one relationship.
Meanwhile, the strain facies that temperature produces the grating under environment of the same race is same, is all ε
t, through type (1) formula (2) and formula (3) combination, we have eliminated ε
tthereby, eliminated temperature to required measurement result ε
mimpact.
Accurate screw axial displacement is L, and pitch is P, and helical pitch is P
h, helical pitch P
h=nP, because accurate screw rod is single thread, therefore its helical pitch P
h=P, and due to displacement L=n
rotate the number of turns.P, therefore displacement is directly proportional to the accurate bolt rotary number of turns, by strain of flexure ε
mcan be reduced to the accurate screw axial shift length of sensor and be multiplied by coefficient k, when after the moving n circle of accurate bolt rotary, the deformation l=n of strain beam
rotate the number of turns.P, suppose that the corresponding accurate bolt rotary number of turns of initial position is n
0, corresponding strain of flexure is reduced to kl
0, while producing relative displacement between sensor main body and wire rope clip, now, accurate screw rod rotates, and rotates the number of turns and becomes n
1, corresponding strain of flexure is kl
1, now the relative shift between sensor main body and wire rope set collar is:
Δl＝l
1-l
0＝P.(n
1-n
0) (6)
Simplifying strain of flexure is:
ε
M＝k·Δl＝k·(l
1-l
0) (7)
In formula, k is coefficient (only having relation with strain beam size), and Δ l is accurate screw axial displacement
Wire rope displacement L and reel rotate number of turns relation:
L=n
rotate the number of turns. π d
reel diameter(8)
L
0=n
0. π d
reel diameter(9)
L
1=n
1. π d
reel diameter(10)
Convolution (6), formula (7), formula (8), formula (9), formula (10) draw:
Through type (11) can be found out displacement and strain of flexure amount linear (strain beam size determines that rear k is definite value), and strain of flexure ε
mchange with optic fiber grating wavelength
linear, therefore displacement and optic fiber grating wavelength change
linear.By demarcating, draw this kind of linear relationship, change according to optic fiber grating wavelength, we just can draw the variation of displacement.The linear relationship chart of optical fibre displacement sensor wavelength difference and shift value as shown in Figure 8.
At this, the fiber grating of 2 different centre wavelengths is arranged respectively in the upper and lower both sides of strain beam
Working sensor principle:
When installation of sensors, set collar and sensor need be separately fixed at and need to detection be subjected to displacement between position.
In the time that between wire rope set collar 22 and sensor, distance becomes large, wire rope 8 drags reel 7 and rotates, because reel 7 and accurate screw rod 5 are fixing by hold-down nut 9, accurate screw rod 5 can be along with reel 7 rotates simultaneously with scroll spring 12, along with accurate screw rod 5 rotates scroll spring 12 storage power, because accurate screw rod 5 has screw thread near strain beam 2 ends, rotation can make accurate screw rod 5 to the side shifting near strain beam, accurate screw rod 5 moves and can make the strain beam 2 of being close to accurate screw rod that strain of flexure occurs, strain of flexure meeting occurs strain beam 2 makes the FBG that is fixed on dependent variable that strain of flexure occur, wavelength can change thereupon, by the demodulation to FBG wavelength, thereby calculate and draw displacement through formula again.
In the time that between wire rope set collar 22 and sensor, distance diminishes, due to storage power of scroll spring 12 before, reel 7 can rotate under the elastic force of scroll spring 12, wire rope 8 can be by dish on reel 7, rotation can make accurate screw rod 5 to the side shifting away from strain beam 2, accurate screw rod 5 moves and can make strain beam 2 strain of flexure of the generation strain of flexure of being close to accurate screw rod 5 reduce, strain beam 2 strain of flexure reduce to make the FBG generation strain of flexure that is fixed on dependent variable also to reduce thereupon, wavelength can change thereupon, by the demodulation to FBG wavelength, thereby calculate and draw displacement through formula again.
Within transducer range scope, be retracted into line displacement by wire rope 8 pull-outs and change detection.
When sensor package, first by wire rope 8 one end and sensor main body partial fixing, and on reel 7, be wound around 10 circle left and right wire rope, adjust accurate screw rod 5 positions simultaneously, make to continue Rotate 180 ° after its most advanced and sophisticated contacting strain beam, strain beam 2 is applied to prestress, now be close on the wire rope 8 of upper cover 20 positions and with steel cable clamp 21, wire rope clamped in sensor main body outside, prevent under scroll spring 12 elastic force effects, accurate screw rod 5 positions of adjusting change because of the resilience of wire rope 8, and the loose one end of wire rope 8 is free end.
When sensor normally uses, sensor main body part and wire rope 8 free ends are separately fixed to measurement target and will be subjected to displacement the two ends at position, the fixing wire rope free end of wire rope set collar 22, sensor main body position is bolted on will be measured on object.
The demarcation of sensor
After sensor package, first carry out transducer calibration, calibration facility is electron displacement calibrating platform.
By fixation of sensor and wire rope, demarcation is set and is spaced apart 10mm (or other gap length), start to demarcate to 1500mm successively from positive stroke 0mm, and then negative stroke, demarcate to 0mm successively 2 times repeatedly from 1500mm.In calibration process, fiber grating one and fiber grating two wavelength and calibrating platform actual displacement are carried out to record, then calculate each parameter value.
By reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described although above-mentioned; but not limiting the scope of the invention; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various amendments that creative work can make or distortion still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a wide range fiber grating displacement transducer, is characterized in that, comprising: sensor main body and wire rope fixed sturcture; Described sensor main body comprises sensor outer housing and is arranged on the optical fiber of enclosure, strain beam, fiber grating one, fiber grating two, accurate screw rod, support one, reel, wire rope, spring box, support two and scroll spring;
Described support one is fixed on sensor outer housing with support two, and described support one outside is fixed with strain beam, the upper and lower both sides of strain beam bonding fiber grating one and fiber grating two respectively;
Between support one and support two, be fixed with the accurate screw rod moving back and forth by screw thread transmission between two stands, on described accurate screw rod, be fixed with reel;
Described support two inner sides are fixed with spring box, and spring box inside is provided with scroll spring, and scroll spring is connected with accurate screw rod.
2. a kind of wide range fiber grating displacement transducer as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described wire rope fixed sturcture comprises for by the steel cable clamp of wire rope clamping and for the fixing free-ended wire rope set collar of wire rope;
Wire rope one end is fixed on sensor internal reel, and reel is wound around after the suitable number of turns, clamps, and be blocked in sensor outer housing outside by steel cable clamp, and the other end is free end, is fixed on wire rope set collar.
3. a kind of wide range fiber grating displacement transducer as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described sensor outer housing comprises: upper cover, lower cover, cylinder side wall, optical cable fixture splice and armored optical cable; Described upper cover, lower cover and sidewall form the housing of fiber grating displacement sensor jointly, and described lower cover outside is provided with the optical cable fixture splice for fixing optical cable, and optical cable fixture splice connects armored optical cable; Optical fiber one end is fixed on strain beam, and the other end enters armored optical cable through lower cover.
4. a kind of wide range fiber grating displacement transducer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the sensitivity of sensor can be adjusted by adjusting the pitch of accurate screw rod and the size of strain beam, the range of sensor can be adjusted by changing the diameter of accurate screw flight length and reel.
5. a measuring method for wide range fiber grating displacement transducer as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,
In the time that between wire rope set collar and sensor main body, distance becomes large, wire rope drags reel and rotates, reel drives accurate bolt rotary, scroll spring storage power, accurate screw rod is to the side shifting near strain beam, strain beam strain of flexure increases, and draws measured displacement amount by calibration formula;
In the time that between wire rope set collar and sensor main body, distance diminishes, reel rotates under the elastic force of scroll spring, and wire rope is coiled on reel, and accurate screw rod is to the side shifting away from strain beam, strain beam strain of flexure reduces, and draws measured displacement amount by calibration formula.
6. the measuring method of a kind of wide range fiber grating displacement transducer as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described wire rope set collar and sensor main body part are separately fixed at measurement target and will be subjected to displacement the two ends at position.
7. the measuring method of a kind of wide range fiber grating displacement transducer as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described calibration formula is:
Wherein, ε
mfor strain of flexure amount, λ
bfor the centre wavelength of fiber grating, k is constant, the pitch that P is accurate screw rod, and the displacement that L is accurate screw axial, d is reel diameter, Δ λ
b1with Δ λ
b2be respectively the variable quantity of fiber grating one and fiber grating two centre wavelengths.
8. the measuring method of a kind of wide range fiber grating displacement transducer as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the sensitivity of sensor can be adjusted by adjusting the pitch of accurate screw rod and the size of strain beam, the range of sensor can be adjusted by changing the diameter of accurate screw flight length and reel.
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| CN104197843A (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2014-12-10 | 杭州珏光物联网科技有限公司 | Fiber grating displacement meter based on spring and constant strength beam |
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