CN103753855A - 用于旋转制袋机的穿孔器 - Google Patents

用于旋转制袋机的穿孔器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103753855A
CN103753855A CN201310488504.8A CN201310488504A CN103753855A CN 103753855 A CN103753855 A CN 103753855A CN 201310488504 A CN201310488504 A CN 201310488504A CN 103753855 A CN103753855 A CN 103753855A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
sealing
film
silk
seal
cap
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
CN201310488504.8A
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English (en)
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CN103753855B (zh
Inventor
P.A.泽勒
G.T.佩尔维奇
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CMD Corp
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CMD Corp
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Priority claimed from US11/937,870 external-priority patent/US20080093018A1/en
Priority claimed from US12/145,913 external-priority patent/US20080300121A1/en
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Publication of CN103753855A publication Critical patent/CN103753855A/zh
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Publication of CN103753855B publication Critical patent/CN103753855B/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B61/00—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on sheets, blanks, webs, binding material, containers or packages
    • B65B61/04—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on sheets, blanks, webs, binding material, containers or packages for severing webs, or for separating joined packages
    • B65B61/06—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on sheets, blanks, webs, binding material, containers or packages for severing webs, or for separating joined packages by cutting
    • B65B61/10—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on sheets, blanks, webs, binding material, containers or packages for severing webs, or for separating joined packages by cutting using heated wires or cutters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/743—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc
    • B29C65/7433—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc the tool being a wire
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C59/00—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C59/007—Forming single grooves or ribs, e.g. tear lines, weak spots
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/22—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip
    • B29C65/221—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip characterised by the type of heated wire, resistive ribbon, band or strip
    • B29C65/222—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip characterised by the type of heated wire, resistive ribbon, band or strip comprising at least a single heated wire
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/22—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip
    • B29C65/221—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip characterised by the type of heated wire, resistive ribbon, band or strip
    • B29C65/226—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip characterised by the type of heated wire, resistive ribbon, band or strip characterised by the cross-section of said heated wire, resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip, e.g. being triangular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/22—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip
    • B29C65/228—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip characterised by the means for electrically connecting the ends of said heated wire, resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/24—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools characterised by the means for heating the tool
    • B29C65/30—Electrical means
    • B29C65/305—Electrical means involving the use of cartridge heaters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/38—Impulse heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/743—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc
    • B29C65/7437—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc the tool being a perforating tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/004—Preventing sticking together, e.g. of some areas of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/0042—Preventing sticking together, e.g. of some areas of the parts to be joined of the joining tool and the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/0044—Preventing sticking together, e.g. of some areas of the parts to be joined of the joining tool and the parts to be joined using a separating sheet, e.g. fixed on the joining tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/23—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being multiple and parallel or being in the form of tessellations
    • B29C66/232—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being multiple and parallel or being in the form of tessellations said joint lines being multiple and parallel, i.e. the joint being formed by several parallel joint lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/347—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined using particular temperature distributions or gradients; using particular heat distributions or gradients
    • B29C66/3472—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined using particular temperature distributions or gradients; using particular heat distributions or gradients in the plane of the joint, e.g. along the joint line in the plane of the joint or perpendicular to the joint line in the plane of the joint
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/347—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined using particular temperature distributions or gradients; using particular heat distributions or gradients
    • B29C66/3474—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined using particular temperature distributions or gradients; using particular heat distributions or gradients perpendicular to the plane of the joint
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/735—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7352—Thickness, e.g. very thin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8122—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81455—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps being a fluid inflatable bag or bladder, a diaphragm or a vacuum bag for applying isostatic pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8181—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81811—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • B29C66/81812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects of the welding jaws the welding jaws being cooled from the outside, e.g. by blowing a gas or spraying a liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/824—Actuating mechanisms
    • B29C66/8242—Pneumatic or hydraulic drives
    • B29C66/82421—Pneumatic or hydraulic drives using an inflatable element positioned between the joining tool and a backing-up part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/824—Actuating mechanisms
    • B29C66/8244—Actuating mechanisms magnetically driven
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8341—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types
    • B29C66/83431—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types rollers, cylinders or drums cooperating with bands or belts
    • B29C66/83433—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types rollers, cylinders or drums cooperating with bands or belts the contact angle between said rollers, cylinders or drums and said bands or belts being a non-zero angle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8351—Jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders, drums, bands, belts or chains; Flying jaws
    • B29C66/83511—Jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders, drums, bands, belts or chains; Flying jaws jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders or drums
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91421—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the joining tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91651—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B31B50/14—Cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting or trimming
    • B31B50/16—Cutting webs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2793/00—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
    • B29C2793/0045—Perforating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1425—Microwave radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/22—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/747—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using other than mechanical means
    • B29C65/7471—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using other than mechanical means using a fluid, e.g. hot gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7379—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined degradable
    • B29C66/73791—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined degradable biodegradable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8126—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81264—Mechanical properties, e.g. hardness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81415—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled
    • B29C66/81419—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled and flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8182—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the thermal insulating constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81821—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the thermal insulating constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8187—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the electrical insulating constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81871—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the electrical insulating constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91211—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods
    • B29C66/91212—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods involving measurement means being part of the welding jaws, e.g. integrated in the welding jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91231—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the joining tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9131—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91311—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by measuring the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating
    • B29C66/91315—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by measuring the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating by measuring the current intensity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Package Closures (AREA)
  • Making Paper Articles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明描述了用于制袋的机器和方法，其包括从输入部段行进到旋转鼓，再到输出部段的膜。该旋转鼓包括至少一个密封杆，该密封杆具有单个密封区，和布置于单个密封区内的弱化区。该单个密封区可为热穿孔器且可包括加热丝。该加热丝可为缝制到加热器内的NiCr丝，且可布置于帽上或密封杆上。该弱化区可产生强度均匀或变化的弱化线。该密封区可包括温度区，筒式加热器，冷却空气或热空气，或者超声、微波或辐射能源。

Description

用于旋转制袋机的穿孔器
本申请是申请号为200880115201.9、国际申请日为2008年11月7日、发明名称为“用于制造无裙密封的方法和设备”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
相关申请
本申请是在2008年7月2日提交的名称为“Method and Apparatus For Making Bags”的美国专利申请No.12/159,979的部分继续申请且要求该专利申请提交日期的益处，美国专利申请No.12/159,979要求在2007年1月12日提交的名称为“Method and Apparatus For Making Bags”的优先权和提交日期的益处，且美国专利申请No.12/159,979为在2008年6月25日提交的名称为“Method and Apparatus For Making Skirtless Seals”的美国专利申请No.12/145,913的部分继续申请且要求该申请提交日期的益处，美国专利申请No.12/145,913是在2007年11月9日提交的名称为“Method and Apparatus For Making Skirtless Seals”美国专利申请No.11/937,870的部分继续申请且要求该申请提交日期的益处，美国专利申请No.11/937,870号是2006年1月13日提交的名称为“Apparatus For Making Bags”的美国专利申请No.11/331,466的部分继续申请且要求该申请提交日期的益处，美国专利申请No.11/331,466在2008年11月11日授权为美国专利No.7,445,590。
技术领域
本发明大体涉及制袋技术。更具体地，本发明涉及制袋机和制袋方法，其用膜制造袋且形成密封和穿孔或弱化线，穿孔或弱化线分开由膜制成的邻接袋。
背景技术
存在许多已知的制袋机。一类是旋转鼓机。旋转鼓机是熟知的，且详细描述可见于美国专利6117058、4934993、5518559、5587032和4642084（其每一个通过引用结合到本文中）。
旋转制袋机的操作的详细描述可见于上述专利中，但它们的一般操作可在图1中看到。现有技术旋转制袋机100使用松紧架组件203、一对入鼓辊205和206（203-206是输入部段的部分）、密封鼓208、一对出鼓辊210和211、密封衬垫213、一对入刀辊215和216、刀218（其可为任何其它膜加工装置，诸如穿孔器、刀、模压切割机、冲压站或折叠站），一对出刀辊219和210（210-220是输出部段的部分）以及控制器221。本文所用的输入部段包括制袋机的接纳膜的部分，诸如展开器和松紧架组件。本文所用的输出部段包括在形成密封的下游作用于膜上的组件，诸如穿孔器、卷绕器、折叠器等。
通过松紧架组件203向鼓208提供膜。鼓208包括多个密封杆209。密封杆被加热且产生从膜201形成袋的密封。通过涂覆Teflon®的衬垫保持膜201抵靠鼓208（和密封杆）。由鼓产生的密封之间的距离与袋长度（对于端对端形成的袋）或袋宽度（对于通过制造侧部密封形成的袋）有关、端对端袋利用鼓形成一个密封，且侧对侧袋形成有一对密封。可调整鼓直径和/或鼓直径小于所有接通的密封杆以确定密封之间的距离和因此袋大小。
图1的现有技术提出在膜201离开鼓208之后，其被导向至旋转刀218，旋转刀218在袋之间产生穿孔或者可将邻接袋分开。当袋是端对端袋时，穿孔靠近单个密封放置使得当将袋分开时，穿孔和穿孔端是一个袋的顶部，且密封是用于端部密封的邻接袋的端部，或者是用于侧部密封的邻接袋的侧部。理想地，穿孔靠近该密封以减少浪费，但这实践起来较为困难。当侧对侧形成袋时，在密封对之间做出穿孔。在穿孔的两侧上都需要密封，因为两个袋的侧部都应被密封。在密封对之间的膜作废。因此，密封对应彼此靠近以减少浪费，但这实践起来也较为困难。
控制器221连接到各种组件以控制速度、位置等。传感器可用于检测膜上的印刷来形成密封和/或使穿孔与密封配准（相对于密封将穿孔置于正确位置）。而且，传感器可检测密封以在正确位置尝试制造穿孔。检测密封被证明较难。检测密封的系统的现有技术实例描述于美国专利6,792,807，该专利通过引用结合到本文中。如果穿孔置于太靠近一侧密封，那么该密封可能被切掉，导致袋子无用。
由于检测密封较难，在制袋中造成浪费，或者袋子坏掉。浪费的膜（即，在密封与相邻穿孔之间的膜）或者用于制造坏掉的袋子的膜可能较为昂贵，特别是对于高速制袋机，在这里每小时制造的袋数目很大。
现有机器的另一问题在于穿孔相对于密封可能歪斜，因为穿孔在下游产生，且膜可能会漂移或伸展。而且，机械穿孔刀必须每几天进行调整以继续适当地执行。一般而言，不能调整尖锐机械刀以改变穿孔强度，且它们可较为昂贵、复杂且使用困难。
其它类型的制袋机，诸如间歇运动机（非旋转鼓机）使用烧掉密封来密封且同时切割或穿孔，但由于往复运动、滞留时间和处理松散袋的难度，速度限于大约300fpm。其它间歇运动机，诸如CMD Icon™，具有带一体带齿刀片的密封杆。CMD CM300™机具有振荡运动以移动具有一体带齿刀片的密封杆。一般而言，间歇运动机并不像旋转鼓连续机那样快，且因此每机工时产生的袋少很多。
某些现有技术旋转鼓制袋机在膜随鼓移动时产生两个平行的密封和在该两个密封之间的穿孔。举例而言，Bohn等人的美国专利6,635,139和Selle等人的在2008年11月4日授权为美国专利No.7445590的现有技术相关申请US 2007-0167304，二者皆通过引用结合到本文中。
因此，希望有下面这样的制袋方法和机器，其提高靠近密封定位穿孔的能力。优选地，这可在无需下游刀的情况下进行，以避免与之相关联的问题。而且，这优选地在连续运动机上进行以避免与间歇机相关联的缓慢和困难。
发明内容
根据本发明的第一方面的制袋机包括输入部段、旋转鼓和输出部段，其中，膜自输入部段行进到旋转鼓，再到输出部段。旋转鼓包括至少一个密封杆，该至少一个密封杆具有形成单个密封的单个密封区且还包括在第一密封区内的弱化区，弱化区在单个密封内形成受弱化区。
根据本发明的第二方面，通过以下步骤制袋：接收膜，使用在旋转鼓上的密封杆在膜上形成单个密封，以及在单个密封内形成受弱化区。在形成第一密封的时间的至少一部分内形成受弱化区域。
根据本发明的第三方面，用于旋转制袋机的穿孔器是用于旋转鼓的插入件，旋转鼓包括单个密封区和在单个密封区内的弱化区。其可以改造到现有机器上或可以不改造到现有机器上。
根据本发明的另一方面，制袋机包括输入部段、旋转鼓和输出部段，输出部段被布置成从旋转鼓接收膜。旋转鼓具有至少一个密封杆和加热丝，该至少一个密封杆包括形成单个密封的密封区，加热丝是密封区内的弱化区，弱化区在单个密封内形成受弱化区。在该至少一个密封区的至少一部分上存在释放层。
根据各种实施例，弱化区是热穿孔器，和/或包括加热丝和/或薄膜加热器。
加热丝具有连接到其的电源，电源处于可调整的电压或幅度和/或是脉动的，和/或在其它实施例中，提供反馈回路。
在各种实施例中，加热丝是镍铬电阻丝，优选地大约80%镍和大约20%铬，和/或薄膜加热器和/或电阻加热器，和/或布置成与膜进行间歇接触，和/或具有大约4 ohms/ft的电阻，和/或布置于插入件和/或密封杆上的筒中。
在其它实施例中，插入件包括Muscovite®云母、Phlogopite®云母、Glastherm®合成物或类似电绝缘材料，和/或具有沿着横向方向的线布置的多个孔。
在各种实施例中，单个密封沿机器方向延伸至多0.125英寸、0.25英寸或至多0.75英寸。
在各种实施例中，弱化区布置成产生强度变化的弱化线，和/或是分离区，和/或包括热膜，和/或包括带齿刀片，和/或包括一排销，和/或包括指向膜的空气源，和/或包括真空源。
根据另一实施例，带齿刀片是可缩回的。
在各种实施例中，第一密封区包括多个独立控制温度区，这些温度区能够制造侧部密封和带密封，和/或包括在横向机器方向延伸的至少两个平行密封子区，且穿孔区布置于该至少两个平行密封子区之间。
在各种实施例中，单个密封区包括多个独立控制温度区，这些温度区能够制造侧部密封和带密封；和/或包括带多个热区的筒式加热器；和/或包括布置成冷却单个密封区的至少一部分的空气源，和/或包括至少一个端口用于将热空气导向膜；和/或包括超声能源、微波能源和/或辐射热源中的至少一个。
在其它实施例中，密封衬垫被布置成保持膜抵靠旋转鼓，且可由聚酯材料制成，聚酯材料具有接触膜的硅酮层。
在另一实施例中，旋转鼓具有可调整的直径。
在各种实施例中，受弱化区以少于形成第一密封的时间形成，和以形成第一密封的时间大约一半的时间形成。
在其它实施例中，形成受弱化区域包括形成一致的弱化线，和/或形成穿孔，和/或形成强度变化的弱化线，和/或分开邻接袋，和/或向膜施加真空，和/或使空气指向膜。
在各种实施例中，形成穿孔包括加热丝和/或加热电阻加热器，和/或加热薄热膜，和/或使膜与带齿刀片接触，在形成穿孔后带齿刀片可缩回或可不缩回，和/或使膜与一排销接触，和/或邻近穿孔形成辅助密封。
在其它实施例中，丝具有以可调整的电压施加到其上的功率和/或功率为脉动的。
在各种实施例中，监视指示丝中热的信号且响应于该信号来控制所施加的功率。
在各种实施例中，单个密封在机器方向延伸至多0.125英寸, 0.25英寸或至多0.75英寸。
在另一实施例中，形成单个密封包括使至少两个平行密封子区与膜热接触，且形成受弱化区域包括使布置于平行密封子区之间的弱化区与膜热接触。
在各种实施例中，单个密封具有多个独立控制温度区，和/或被冷却，和/或使用超声能、微波能和/或辐射热来形成。
根据其它实施例，密封区包括加热丝、电绝缘层/释放层、glastherm或云母层、和铝块，按此顺序丝和电绝缘层/释放层与膜接触。
在各种实施例中，释放层可包括诸如和kapton®和/或teflon®带的材料，且加热丝缝制到密封区内，和/或材料布置于加热丝下方。
在其它实施例中，密封区表面可为帽和/或具有接触膜的弓形形状。
在一实施例中，密封区和/或弱化区包括拉伸带区域，在这里释放层相对于密封区的其余部分在拉伸带区域中升高。
在一实施例中，密封区可为铝块加热器。
在一实施例中，加热丝安装于铝块加热器中的多个孔中和该多个孔之间。
根据其它实施例，密封区包括双侧带、加热器、导热层、丝和释放层，按此顺序释放层与膜接触。
附图说明
通过审阅下面的附图，具体描述和所附权利要求书，对于本领域技术人员而言，本发明的其它主要特点和优点将会变得显而易见。
图1是根据现有技术的制袋机。
图2是根据本发明的旋转鼓。
图3是根据本发明的密封杆的端视图。
图4是根据本发明的密封杆的侧视图。
图5是图3的密封杆的区段的顶视图。
图6是根据本发明的插入件/帽的顶视图。
图7是图6的插入件的侧视图。
图8是根据本发明的密封和受弱化区。
图9是根据本发明的密封杆的端视图。
图10是根据本发明的密封杆的端视图。
图11是根据本发明的密封杆的端视图。
图12是根据本发明的密封杆的端视图。
图13是根据本发明的密封器/穿孔器的端视图。
图14是根据本发明的密封和受弱化区。
图15是根据本发明的密封杆的区段的透视图。
图16是根据本发明的密封杆的区段的透视图。
图17是图16的密封杆区段的一部分的顶视图。
图18是可与图16和图17的密封杆一起使用的帽的端视图。
在详细地解释本发明的至少一个实施例之前，应了解本发明在其应用方面并不限于下文的描述所述或附图所示的构造细节和组件的布置。本发明能具有其它实施例或能以各种方式来实践或实施。因此，还应了解本文所用的短语和术语只是为了描述目的，不应被认为具有限制意义。使用相似的附图标记来表示相似组件。
具体实施方式
虽然参考特定制袋机说明了本发明，但是开始的时候应了解本发明也可利用其它机器和使用其它组件来实施。如本文所用的制袋机包括用于制袋的机器，诸如拉伸带（draw tape）袋，非拉伸带（non-draw tape）袋或其它袋。任何输入部段（例如展开器和松紧架）和任何输出部段（例如卷绕器，折叠器）可与本发明一起使用。袋可包括传统聚合材料，其它材料，诸如，淀粉、聚乳酸（PLA）、纤维素、聚羟基烷酸酯（PHA）和木质素，和/或是可生物降解的、可堆肥的材料等，诸如Mater-Bi®、Ecoflex®、Ecovio®、Bioplast GF 106®。
总体而言，本发明提供一种旋转制袋机，其具有输入部段、鼓部段和输出部段。在膜随着旋转鼓移动时，形成单个密封，且在该单个密封内形成穿孔或弱化线。因此，单个密封以及其内的穿孔形成两个相邻袋的密封。
优选地，使用单个密封区产生单个密封。可选地，可使用熔化以形成单个密封的两个密封或单个密封区来产生单个密封区域。在任一情况下，单个密封包括两个平行密封子区，且在该单个密封内有穿孔或弱化区域。可使用其它密封技术。单个密封可与其它实施例组合，诸如折边或拉伸带密封，变化强度的密封和穿孔等。
可以以小于膜在鼓周围的时间形成密封和穿孔。举例而言，在旋转制袋机上，膜可与鼓接触持续鼓循环的大约一半时间，且在鼓循环的四分之一时间内形成穿孔。密封杆包括密封区且随着鼓旋转来施加热，从而形成单个密封。
如本文所用的密封杆包括诸如在旋转鼓上向膜施加热且密封膜的组件和安装机构、穿孔器等。如本文所用的密封区包括产生密封的密封杆的部分。在如本文所用的密封区内包括在单个密封区的边界内。在如本文所用的在单个密封内包括在单个密封的边界内。如本文所用的单个密封包括熔化形成密封的膜区域，而不包括在横向机器方向中延伸较远距离的未密封部分。单个密封可在密封中有意地或无意地具有小间隙，且可具有一或多个子区。
密封杆可具有独立地控制的横向机器温度区，例如向侧部密封的折边或拉伸带部分施加更多的热。如本文所用的独立控制的温度区包括沿着密封区的温度区，这些温度区可受控制或使这些温度区具有不同温度。
穿孔器或弱化区安装于单个密封区域内，且可为帽或插入件的部分。在形成密封时，弱化区产生穿孔或受弱化区域。可利用热、辐射或机械接触来产生穿孔。如本文所用的弱化区包括产生受弱化区的密封杆的部分。如本文所用的受弱化区包括在膜上诸如通过穿孔或者膜的熔化或烧掉的部分而被弱化的区域。
替代地，帽可包括分离区用于分开邻接袋。这通常需要比弱化或穿孔更多的热。如本文所用的分离区包括将邻接袋分开的密封杆的部分。一个实施例提出通过将帽或插入件放置于现有密封杆上或者通过利用被设计成具有弱化区（诸如具有插入件）的密封杆替换这些密封杆而改造现有机器。
因此，穿孔一致地且正确地位于形成相邻袋侧部的单个密封内。浪费更少的膜，因为一对侧部密封之间的距离更小。典型现有制袋机在侧部密封之间有一英寸，而优选实施例产生大约0.65英寸宽的单个密封，其为用于两个相邻袋的密封。因此，每个袋具有大约0.325英寸的侧部密封，且在密封与袋边缘之间并无空间。如本文所用的大约包括足够接近给定值的量值，使得基本上如同该量值是该给定值一样起大致相同的作用。
可使用很多种穿孔器，诸如加热丝、热膜、带齿刀片等。如本文所用的热膜包括用于向特定区域施加热的膜。可通过控制在穿孔器处施加的热量（或压力）来调整穿孔强度。穿孔可清楚地限定弱化线或强度变化的弱化线。如本文所用的强度变化的弱化线包括沿着线或曲线变化膜强度，诸如穿孔或者膜未移除但在低强度区域与较高强度区域之间交替的线。
热穿孔器可包括与膜间歇接触的丝以产生穿孔样式。如本文所用的膜与密封或穿孔元件之间的间歇接触包括膜与元件在一些位置接触且在其它位置不接触，诸如沿着横向机器方向线接触和不接触交替。
如本文所用的热穿孔器包括通过接触、对流、传导或辐射热来使用热能穿孔的装置。如本文所用的加热丝是用于加热的丝，诸如通过它来传递电流。如本文所用的辐射热包括以电磁辐射、超声辐射、热辐射等形式的热。
衬垫可为如现有技术中见到的那些衬垫，但优选实施例包括下面这样的衬垫：其为包括2层聚酯材料和1/32"研磨硅酮（ground silicone）顶部覆盖物SiI am K® (55 硬度)、并具有无限长度的带。在各种实施例中构想到其它衬垫，优选地能应对高间歇温度（600至800F）（当烧孔时可到达这高间歇温度），且其具有良好的释放特征，因此膜并不粘到该带材上，且衬垫可为Teflon®、硅、混合物等。另一实施例在衬垫硅表面中使用细微织物网格压痕。这导致在膜中做出压痕，其可辅助密封或穿孔且也改进释放特征。一个实施例提出衬垫具有0.03-0.012英寸厚硅酮橡胶顶表面，其具有无光饰面，硬度50-90邵氏A，最初用滑石粉调适。另一实施例使用细微织物压痕（波纹或织纹）衬垫，诸如Habasit® WVT- 136硅橡胶衬垫，使得“肿块”的压力烧穿塑料以形成受弱化区。
现转至图2，示出符合本发明的鼓200。鼓200包括四个密封杆229和衬垫230，衬垫230保持膜抵靠鼓200和密封杆229。鼓200大体上操作同现有技术的鼓，但密封杆229包括穿孔器。
鼓200优选地为类似于CMD 1270GDS Global Drawtape System®的鼓且以600 fpm具有大约0.5秒的密封滞留时间且具有可调整的直径以改变产品重复长度。它具有跨越50"膜宽度绕圆周等距间隔开的4个密封杆。这种鼓可用于制造（例如）垃圾桶衬里或垃圾袋。其它鼓可包括更多或更少的密封杆，更大或更小的直径，或者更窄或更宽的膜宽度。
现参看图3，示出根据优选实施例的密封杆300的端视图。密封杆300包括帽301和部分303和305。加热器筒307优选地布置于分开的杆部分303和305中以允许容易替换筒307。
帽301优选地是0.65英寸宽以形成该宽度的单个密封。两条kapton带310和311（每个0.003英寸厚）沿机器方向居中被缚到帽301上。穿孔丝312在带310和311之上安装到帽301上（在优选实施例中缝制到帽301中）。提供带310和311以将穿孔丝312放置于合乎需要的高度来获得产生穿孔必需的压力（在丝312与衬垫之间膜的压力）。带310和311具有不同宽度，以便提供从帽高度到丝高度更倾斜缓和的过渡。这帮助由密封杆300产生的单个密封的均匀性和完整性。在优选实施例中，带311是0.25英寸宽，且带310是0.38英寸宽。带310和311优选地包括kapton，以获得所希望的释放和磨损平衡（常常在膜的更好释放与带的更大磨损之间存在权衡）。
一对teflon带314和315设于帽301的表面上和带310和311上以帮助释放膜且帮助产生均匀的单个密封。带314和315优选地是0.002英寸厚。
密封杆300优选地在膜的给定宽度上具有均匀温度范围，且在边缘具有独立控制的温度区用于制造侧部密封，同时利用杆401制造带密封。
丝312优选地为NiCr且可连接到直流或交流电源，且可包括多个丝，诸如用于向拉伸带区域提供更多的热。多个丝可为具有单独电源的单独丝，平行丝或者丝的系列区段。施加到丝的功率可以是恒定地接通、脉动接通和断开，或者具有另外变化的功率水平。脉冲的适当定时允许在膜离开鼓之前冷却密封，以易于从密封杆分开膜。
NiCr丝312缝制到帽301内使得丝312与膜间歇接触（诸如膜被烧掉的接触区域，膜未被烧掉以产生穿孔舌片的非接触区域）。NiCr丝312优选地脉动接通滞留时间的第一半（膜抵靠密封杆的时间）且允许在滞留时间的第二半冷却，因此当膜与穿孔器分开时穿孔并未熔化。这允许更强的膜，减少粘着到丝上的膜，且消除了穿孔熔化关闭的机会。
在优选实施例中，筒式加热器307是定制缠绕热区（custom wound heat zone），诸如可购自Watlow®或Thermal 公司的那些筒式加热器。可使用热区的压缩空气冷却来控制特定或不同温度设置组合（特别合乎薄膜上的需要）的温度分布，如下文所述。在各种实施例中，空气冷却也用于隔离不同的温度区，这些温度区彼此相邻地定位但设置在极大不同的温度，诸如对于侧部密封是300F（杆304），但对于带密封是450F（杆401）。
现参看图4，示出密封杆300的侧视图。在优选实施例中，密封杆300包括用于拉伸带密封（或者用于折边）的第一温度区401和用于制造侧部密封的第二温度402。温度区402可包括多个温度区403、404和405。
现转至图5，示出图3的密封杆300的端帽301的顶视图且其产生单个密封，具有在该密封内的穿孔或受弱化区域。密封杆300可为通常已知的密封杆，具有本文所述的变化。密封杆300优选地为铝杆，其内安装有点火棒筒式加热器，且包括密封帽301，密封帽301形成单个密封。带314和315是布置于帽301顶部上的释放层，以允许在形成密封后释放膜。所示出的帽301部分在膜的拉伸带区域中形成单个密封。类似部分在非拉伸带区域中形成密封。
所产生的单个密封可具有非均匀强度但全部具有充分强度以成为具有充分完整性的单个密封用于袋的预期用途。释放层314和315优选地为Teflon®带，但可选地提供释放材料为被倾倒并烘烤到表面上的Rulon®带、Kapton®带、Mica®带、Resbond®涂漆、Rescor®涂料和/或RP聚酰亚胺树脂（可购自VA的Unitech）。一个实施例省略了释放层。在一实施例中（图3），释放层314和315在邻近密封区（且在密封区外部）的侧面区域上延伸，但在另一实施例中并不是这样的。在一实施例中，释放层314和315几乎延伸到丝312（如由实线314A、315A所示）且在其它实施例中并不几乎延伸到丝312。
单个密封区（帽301顶部）在释放层314和315下方且在丝312下方延伸。带310放置于帽301上方，且因此除了靠近丝312之外，在带314和315下方。由于在图5的顶视图中看不到带310，因此以虚线示出带/释放层310的边缘310A。带311放置于带310上方且除了靠近丝312之外，在带314和315下方。因此，带311可为释放层，特别地靠近丝312。以虚线示出带/释放层311的边缘311A，因为它们在图5的顶视图中看不到。带310和311优选地为Kapton®带，但可为倾倒并烘烤到表面上的Teflon®带、Rulon®带、Mica®带、Resbond®涂漆、Rescor®涂料、RP聚酰亚胺树脂（可购自VA的Unitech），和/或其它非粘着材料。在各种实施例中，取决于对于预期应用所希望的丝312高度，带310和311可省略，或者使用额外带。在各种实施例中，使用带以外的方法将丝312放置于所希望的高度，诸如利用圆形或升高的帽301，薄金属板等。
如果密封杆300和/或帽301是铝，优选地使用电绝缘涂层，以防止丝312短路。如果使用插入件（在下文中描述）且插入件是导电的，那么绝缘涂层用于该插入件。或者，插入件可由非导电材料制成。
加热丝312，优选地是NiCr，布置于拉伸带区域内。加热丝312被缝制到单个密封区/帽301内且也缝制穿过带310和311。可选地，丝312可被缝制到插入件内，如下文所示的那些插入件。帽301优选地被使用使替换更容易，而不是替换整个加热器，或者再涂覆释放层和再缝制丝，仅需要将带有释放层和丝的新帽应用到加热器。用过的帽可被翻新。如本文所用的缝制到密封区内表示丝放置于其所安装的材料中的孔内，从而产生膜不被熔化掉的区域，诸如在穿孔中的孔之间的实体部分。
对于给定应用应选择穿孔器丝312高度与密封区域宽度（帽301宽度）的比例以同时获得良好穿孔和良好密封，且相对于密封的其余部分，对于拉伸带区域，该比例可不同。当制造0.65英寸宽的单个密封时，在一些应用中，丝312的高度可高于帽301顶部在0.015英寸与0.025英寸之间。
丝312止于银销或涂银的销（优选地，直径0.125英寸和长度0.75英寸）。来自电源的铜丝卷曲到银销上，从而将丝312连接到电源。在非拉伸带区域中提供类似布置，具有帽301，带310、311、314、和315，以及丝312。 帽301可为在膜上延伸的一个连续帽或多于一个的帽。拉伸带区域具有加热丝312和升高的密封区使得在拉伸带区中施加额外压力且因此发生更多熔化。可选地，穿孔区和密封区中的仅有一个升高或都不升高。当拉伸带区域突出更靠近密封衬垫时，拉伸带区域相对于密封区的其余部分升高，从而导致拉伸带区域中更大的压力。或者，橡胶轮或辅助带可压靠在密封衬垫背部以增加拉伸带区域中的压力。
在各种实施例中，加热丝312优选地为80%镍和大约20%铬，和/或薄膜加热器，和/或电阻加热器，和/或布置成与膜进行间歇性接触，和/或具有大约4 ohms/ft的电阻，和/或布置于密封杆上的插入件和/或筒内。缝制可如下文关于其它实施例所述的。
帽301的表面可为弓形以帮助在整个拉伸带密封区域上产生更大压力，且因此传递更多的热且通过存在于拉伸带折边中的膜的额外层制造良好密封。如本文所用的弓形包括弯曲表面而非直表面，且因此弓形密封表面具有与直密封表面不同的压力分布。替代方案提供整个密封区域上的弓形或者其它轮廓，包括平坦轮廓。
一个替代实施例提供仅形成侧部密封的密封杆，无拉伸带密封区。在另一实施例中，利用柔性硅酮橡胶加热器来替换筒式加热器307。可使用压力敏感的粘合剂（可购自Watlow®）将加热器保持到铝杆侧部上。
本发明的另一实施例包括插入件2600，或者在其它实施例中，帽2600，如图5所示，且包括单独的热区2601，诸如用于加热折边或拉伸带区域。帽/插入件2600安装于密封杆上。如本文参考密封杆所用的插入件包括安装到密封杆上，或包括与密封杆一起安装的组件，作为产生该一个或多个密封的密封区的补充。如本文参考密封杆所用的帽包括形成密封杆上部的组件，其被加热以形成该一个或多个密封。
各种实施例提供使用具有或不具有在膜上延伸的穿孔（例如，穿孔可横穿拉伸带，且密封可延伸膜的宽度）的区域2601。在区域2601内，提供0.020英寸的云母层（或者Glastherm HT ®层）2603。NiCr丝布置于一系列腔或孔中（如在图16中）。这些孔位于每隔0.312英寸处且在区域2601中具有0.030英寸的直径。插入件0.25英寸宽，且密封（在密封之间制造穿孔）分开0.25英寸。
图7所示的插入件2600的侧视图示出布置在区域2601中的孔中的NiCr丝2701。在区域2601中，丝优选地具有0.0089英寸的直径。丝2701串联到0.0126 NiCr丝2703（使用压接结构2705）。较大的丝需要较大的孔（在优选实施例中，0.062英寸）。可选取丝大小以选择丝电阻，和因此所提供的热。丝2703钎焊到优选地银销上和/或缠绕于优选地银销周围以利用压接而连接到高温丝2707。释放层可放置于丝之上或丝和插入件基部之间。释放材料可包括：Teflon®带、Rulon®带、Kapton®带、Mica®带、Resbond®涂漆和Rescor®涂料。如本文所用的释放层包括密封杆或穿孔器上的表面，其具有帮助防止熔化的膜粘着到表面上的性质的涂层或材料层，且当产生密封或穿孔时释放层在触摸膜的表面上或者与触摸膜的表面相邻。
NiCr丝可接通和断开（电流流动）以控制丝/密封的温度。举例而言，可在接触膜（或衬垫）之后立即接通丝，且在与膜（或衬垫）端部接触之后立即断开。替代方案包括在丝2701与2703之间非串联的连接，更多的热区（和丝连接/类型），利用外部电阻器/电位器或电流量值来控制热，诸如利用PWM。如果使用电位计（pot），使用者可通过调整该电位计来调整相对温度。其它实施例包括组合这些特点或其它接通/断开方案。这个实施例和其它实施例可用于其中穿孔需要邻近密封放置的任何其它袋，诸如T恤袋，包括加强的T恤袋、拉伸带袋、侧部密封袋等。丝可在用于制造密封的时间的一部分内断开且在用于形成第一密封的时间的至少一部分内接通。一个实施例需要在丝不与膜接触时预热该丝，因此在其与膜接触时断开，依靠丝保留的热来烧孔。
可使用利用注射器注射到孔内的Resbond®高温粘合剂来将丝保持于孔中。可使用硬粘合剂或柔性粘合剂，或二者（例如交替地）。柔性粘合剂允许丝挠曲，这可在丝被加热和冷却时发生。可利用五个锥点固位螺钉2605或利用平顶固位螺钉保持插入件就位。
其它替代方案提供丝1502为圆形、矩形丝带，直的或以均匀或变化间距编织，沿着它们长度具有均匀厚度或不均匀厚度（以形成热/冷点），Toss®丝，锥形或异型以在烧掉切割之间制造两个侧密封。异型丝可具有间歇镀铜以穿孔而非净割。对于编织丝变化的间距或不同的孔间隔产成变化弱度的弱化区，其允许在膜边缘比在膜中部更容易用手撕裂袋。其它构想到的设计包括柔性硅酮橡胶加热器、厚膜加热技术、烧结陶瓷或类似物，其可购自Watlow Electric Manufacturing 公司。然而，另外的替代方案包括使用安装于PNEUSEAL™橡胶可膨胀膜片上的薄膜加热技术，PNEUSEAL™橡胶可膨胀膜片可始终保持热但通过使膜片膨胀和收缩在物理上移动接触膜和脱离接触膜。
优选实施例通过控制交流电压来控制烧眼丝的热。交流电就成本而言是优选的，但直流电压控制可提供更好的控制。优选地使用提供可接受穿孔的最低电压。举例而言，在与膜接触的0.25英寸与云母下方0.12英寸之间交替编织的0.013"直径80/20Ni-Cr丝需要每英寸膜宽度大约20瓦来以每分钟600英尺在两层厚的0.75密耳 LLDPE膜中烧孔。因此，一旦膜夹于穿孔器与密封衬垫之间，2英寸长的穿孔器将使用10伏脉动接通大约0.25秒。对于0.5秒的滞留时间，穿孔具有大约0.25秒的时间冷却。因此优选实施例允许穿孔快速加热和冷却。在一个实施例中，由直流电机控制器来供应可调整的电压。其它实施例包括机械变阻器、电位器、或可调整的电阻器。可优选地使用可调整的交流电压。
可使用控制器来补偿丝寿命中的电阻变化。举例而言，Toss®控制器具有电流检测反馈且相应地调整电压以维持更一致的温度。可使用PID温度控制利用热电偶反馈来控制筒式加热器，如本领域中所熟知的。
其它实施例提供制造通气袋，诸如叶袋。通气叶袋仅需要在每个穿孔3403周围的密封3401，而无需连续密封，如图14所示。使用仿形密封杆和/或控制温度以在适当位置烧穿的先前实施例来形成单个密封/穿孔。
也可使用一个密封杆来形成单个密封，或者使用两个密封杆，两个密封杆布置成两个密封掺混在一起形成包括两个子密封的单个密封（即，在它们之间并无未密封的膜）。子密封大体上平行且在横向机器方向上在膜上延伸，且在大体上平行的子密封之间形成受弱化区域。可使用上文所述的替代方案中的任何方案制造穿孔。另一实施例提出使用上述实施例之一，但通过将侧部密封温度调得很低来使用以便不形成密封。然后穿孔器形成穿孔且密封是来自穿孔的辅助密封。
参看图9，示出密封杆2900的一个实施例，其包括单个密封区和布置于单个密封区内的弱化区。其中形成穿孔的单个密封优选地在机器方向延伸至多0.25英寸或更优选地在形成密封和穿孔之后在膜2912上在机器方向延伸至多0.125英寸。如本文所用的在机器方向延伸包括在沿着平行于膜边缘伸展的线的密封的一部分上的平均距离。
密封杆2900在膜2912上形成单个密封。布置于铝块2903内的筒式加热器2901向密封杆2900提供稳定热。丝或电阻加热器2911提供额外的热，其产生密封和受弱化区域。丝2911优选地是直径为0.009英寸至0.013英寸的NiCr丝。不同热源组合使得都向密封区和弱化区添加热，但在此实施例中，丝2911主要向弱化区域提供热，且加热器2901可被考虑主要预热该组件。
替代方案提供平坦的或其它形状的电阻丝。平坦丝可具有升高的脊或弯曲以形成弱化区，具有切口，穿孔之间的实体部分位于切口中。在弯曲部下方的空气可充当绝缘体来影响丝带的热分布。
可使用垫片2905，特别是用于改造，以迫使丝2911与膜2912更紧密接触。其它实施例需要在折边或拉伸带区域中的更大垫补（在一个实施例中大约0.020英寸），因此在该区域中的膜处于比膜的其余部分更大的压力下，从而为该区域提供更大的传热，或者完全无垫片。另一实施例在折边或拉伸带区域中在衬垫后方提供背衬轮，其迫使衬垫抵靠膜且在该区域中提供更大压力。
插入件2907优选地包括或涂有电绝缘或绝热材料以使丝2911绝缘或绝热。在各种实施例中，插入件2907或电绝缘材料包括云母、glastherm、玻璃纤维酚醛树脂、塑料、聚合物、铝（具有电绝缘涂层）或其它材料。如本文所用的Glastherm™包括玻璃纤维和耐热的热固性树脂的复合材料。
释放层2909布置于插入件2907之上，且优选地包括teflon®、rulon®或kapton®带。选取释放层或释放剂为释放熔化膜但能耐受密封该膜和将该膜穿孔所需温度的材料。如本文所用的密封杆或插入件上的释放层包括下面这样的层：与密封杆或插入件的其它材料相比，减小了熔化膜在密封杆或插入件上的累积。这个实施例提供膜仅触摸丝和带（在插入件上），但其它实施例提供膜直接触摸插入件，和/或触摸铝块加热器。替代方案提出用释放剂替代释放层或与释放层组合涂覆丝。释放可为施加后来干燥的液体层，诸如Resbond®、Rescor®、Teflon®涂料、硅酮涂料等。
单个密封可在整个膜宽度上延伸或者在膜的部分上延伸，且在一个区域中使用两个密封，诸如折边或拉伸带区域。可如上文所述形成这两个密封。另一实施例提出两个子密封仅用于拉伸带区域中，且在其它地方形成无子密封的单个密封，或无子密封的单个密封仅用于拉伸带区域中，且在其它地方形成两个子密封。
各种材料，诸如释放剂、绝缘体、加热器、丝等的选择应考虑膜厚度、穿孔所需温度（在一个实施例中高达600F或更高）和密封膜的大部分和任何折边或拉伸带区域所需的温度，并应考虑密封表面释放熔化膜的能力。不当选择可导致材料过早磨损或熔化膜在密封表面上的过早累积。替代方案提供在预热它之前更早接通丝，因此其可更快断开，在膜不与密封杆接触期间通过例如机械作用、加热、刷子或鼓风等移除累积的膜。
其它设计关注包括将用于该机器的膜的类型和厚度范围，在折边与其它区域之间迁移的热，穿孔和密封，衬垫材料，滞留时间，移除或解决膜中的皱纹，累积于密封表面上来自膜的墨水，以及提供不同的压力区。
参看图11，示出密封杆3000的另一实施例，其包括单个密封区和布置于单个密封区内的弱化区。上文形成密封的一般描述和设计考虑也适用于这个和其它实施例。安装于铝加热器3001上的丝或电阻加热器3003产生密封和受弱化区域。如本文所用的安装于上面包括直接接触，或者存在布置于其间的其它层或物品。加热器3001可为支承杆而不是加热器。丝3003可如上文所述，且释放剂可根据需要设于丝3003下方，丝3003上方或者（若需要）可涂覆丝3003。丝3003优选地为缝制到具有电绝缘涂层的铝杆内的NiCr，和/或丝被涂覆电绝缘体。优选地，丝被涂覆释放剂（其也可为绝缘体）。
参看图11，密封杆3100的另一实施例类似于密封杆3000，但由作为丝3103的补充的薄膜加热器3103和支承杆或加热器3101提供热以在膜2912上形成密封和受弱化区域。
参看图12，密封杆3200的另一实施例类似于密封杆3100，但在作为丝3207的补充的薄膜加热器3203与支承杆或加热器3201之间提供绝缘体3202以在膜2912上形成密封和受弱化区域。
参看图13，单个密封器/穿孔器3300的示意图包括可固定到密封杆或密封杆插入件的条。密封器3300可易于替换，且因此适用于膜累积于密封器上的应用。密封器3300包括：NiCr丝3301（其可类似于上文所述的丝）；释放剂3303，其也优选地为电绝缘体且可类似于上文所述的释放剂；热传导或导热层3305，优选地包括铝以传播由电阻迹线加热器3307产生的热，所有这些安装于两侧带3309上。因此，带3309可固定于插入件的顶部用在支承杆或密封杆上，或者直接缚到密封杆上。
这个实施例的一个修改提出释放剂为放置于丝上的带，且在释放剂上可存在或不存在与将要制造穿孔的位置对准的孔或狭缝，使得丝接触这些位置中的膜。
现参看图15，示出密封杆插入件3500的透视图，且包括热铝块3501，具有加热器筒3502。多个销3503延伸穿过密封杆且产生微穿孔。销3503布置于块体3501中的孔中，孔以一定角度布置以避开筒3502。销3503可为导电的且连接到丝3504以加热销3503来辅助穿孔和/或密封。此实施例与其它替代实施例可根据需要组合。举例而言，可使用销3503，且利用穿过孔的真空来保持销3503，和/或它们可与上文关于单个密封杆所述的产生密封和穿孔的许多方式之一组合，在这里微穿孔辅助产生受弱化区，或者销3503可为形成穿孔的唯一方式。
在另一替代方案中，销或针排在未加热或加热密封杆中且压靠在Kevlar®密封衬垫材料上，Kevlar®密封衬垫材料将更不可能被穿透它的尖销损坏。销或针排可放置于衬垫中且利用鼓上的密封杆保持就位，以产生穿孔。同样，薄膜加热器和/或在带或衬垫上的销可压靠在简单鼓面上。如果压力由带抵靠彼此施加，将不需要鼓，诸如通过用于两个带的椭圆形带路径。
另一实施例提出将使用磁场或感应热形成密封和穿孔。在密封杆上的磁体（永磁体或电磁体），和在背衬衬垫中的金属在穿孔区域中造成额外压力以在希望的地方熔化孔且在密封区域中造成较小压力。可产生磁场以在膜上布置成一行。
另一实施例提出在非圆形回路（诸如卵形或长形）上或在梭机上一起形成密封和穿孔，总的来说，这些实施例的发明需要在产生穿孔的时间和位置产生密封。
本发明包括在旋转鼓中同时穿孔和密封以优选地沿着一个窄密封中部产生穿孔的其它方法。举例而言，可使用三个交错NiCr丝缝线排，在这里外部两排形成密封且内部排形成穿孔。内部是指在机器方向的内部。
当膜处于张力下时可利用一个圆形顶封来制造一个密封，使得在密封过程中密封中心变薄/弱化/穿孔。密封杆可具有在顶峰的波纹表面以形成穿孔。
密封杆可包括放置在成形的非导电材料上的电阻涂层使得确切地在需要热的密封表面产生热，且可实现具有各种密封高度的复杂形状。这可采用薄膜加热器技术来实现。
另一实施例需要增加密封衬垫压力，诸如增加5、10或20倍，优选地为10倍，使得烧孔温度可从550F-600F降至更多类型涂层和材料可用的更低温度（许多材料具有500F的最高操作温度）。
又一实施例提出包括两个平行热条的密封杆，两个平行热条在密封期间分开0.03"至0.06"，以将膜伸展到这两个条之间的弱化线或穿孔内。
膜可卷起到鼓密封杆中的1/8"深的凹口中，使得可在鼓表面下方切割孔或烧孔而不会损害密封衬垫。所述卷起可为机械或真空辅助的。
可使用产生密封和穿孔的其它方法，诸如使用辐射热、微波或光波，其经调谐对膜进行特殊加热和穿孔。可自鼓内部涂覆热胶或液体，使得其将两个聚合膜热密封在一起。如果热液体同时烧孔，可同时进行穿孔。可迫使诸如沙或聚合丸粒的热固体或热液体（诸如油）穿过膜使得其使膜穿孔同时形成密封。或者，膜可经受化学处理以与添加剂起反应，使得膜一起熔化且在涂覆过量化学品处熔化穿孔。另一替代方案包括在鼓中涂覆定时活化酸，其允许膜（非密封和非穿孔）缠绕且放置于纸板箱内；然后，定时活化酸产生烧掉密封，因此膜后来变成多个密封/分开的袋。
可利用导热密封对膜进行密封，且在经过滞留时间之前，可以以穿孔样式深冷冻结膜，使得当膜在下游挠曲时膜在每个穿孔点碎裂。
现转至图16（密封杆的透视图），图17（顶视图）和图18（帽的端视图），示出产生单个密封的本发明的实施例，在密封内具有穿孔或受弱化区域。密封杆3600可为通常已知的密封杆，且具有本文所述的变化。密封杆3600优选地为铝杆，具有安装于其内的点火杆筒式加热器，且包括在释放层3603下方的单个密封区域3602，其在膜的拉伸带区域中形成单个密封。
在释放层3613下方的另一单个密封区域3612在膜的其余部分上形成单个密封（非拉伸带区域）。所产生的单个密封可具有不均匀的强度但整体上具有充分的强度以成为具有充分完整性的单个密封。释放层3603和3613优选地为Teflon®带。单个密封区3602在释放层3603下方和释放层3605下方延伸。释放层3605与穿孔器/加热丝3607在膜的拉伸带区域中产生穿孔或受弱化区。释放层3605优选地为Kapton®带。上文所述的替代方案可用于此实施例。
加热丝3607，优选地NiCr，布置于拉伸带区域内。加热丝3607缝制到单个密封区3602内，且也缝制穿过释放层3605。或者，丝3607可缝制到由铝或另一类型材料制成的帽3801内（图18）。
图18示出帽3801的端视图，帽3801上具有释放层3603和3605，且丝3607被示出缝制到帽3801和释放层3605内。在另一实施例中，帽3801延伸小于整个密封区3603。丝3607安装于帽3801之上。
各种替代方案可根据需要组合以设计适合具体需要的制袋机。
可对本发明做出各种修改，这些修改仍属于本发明的预期范围内。因此，显然，根据本发明，提供用于制袋的方法和设备，其完全满足上文所述的目的和优点。尽管结合本发明的具体实施例描述了本发明，但是显然，许多替代、修改和变化对于本领域技术人员将显而易见。因此，本发明预期涵盖落入所附权利要求书的精神和宽范围内的所有这些替代、修改和变型。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于旋转制袋机的密封器的帽，所述密封器包括安装于所述帽上的释放层，和缝制到所述释放层和所述帽内的加热丝，其中，所述帽包括密封区域和穿孔区域，其中，所述加热丝相对于所述密封区域的其余部分在拉伸带区域中升高。
2.根据权利要求1所述的帽，其中，所述释放层包括邻近所述加热丝的第一材料和在所述帽的表面上其它位置的第二材料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的帽，其中，所述加热丝是NiCr丝。
4.根据权利要求1所述的帽，其中，在所述帽中存在多个孔，且所述加热丝安装于所述多个孔中和所述多个孔之间。
5.根据权利要求3所述的帽，其中，在所述帽中存在多个孔，且所述加热丝安装于所述多个孔中和所述多个孔之间。
6.一种用于旋转制袋机的穿孔器，其包括用于安装于加热器上的释放层，和缝制到所述释放层和所述加热器内的加热丝，其中，所述加热丝相对于密封区域的其余部分在拉伸带区域中升高。
7.根据权利要求6所述的穿孔器，其中，所述释放层包括邻近所述加热丝的第一材料和在所述加热器的表面上其它位置的第二材料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的穿孔器，其中，所述加热丝是NiCr丝。
9.根据权利要求6所述的穿孔器，其中，在所述加热器中存在多个孔，且所述加热丝安装于所述多个孔中和所述多个孔之间。
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