CN103744220B - A kind of PDLC display modules - Google Patents
A kind of PDLC display modules Download PDFInfo
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- CN103744220B CN103744220B CN201410042063.3A CN201410042063A CN103744220B CN 103744220 B CN103744220 B CN 103744220B CN 201410042063 A CN201410042063 A CN 201410042063A CN 103744220 B CN103744220 B CN 103744220B
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Abstract
A kind of PDLC display modules, including two layers of nesa coating up and down, and it is clipped in the PDLC layer between two layers of nesa coating, the nesa coating includes antireflection structure and substrate, the antireflection structure includes dielectric layer anti-oxidant metal layer metal conducting layer anti-oxidant metal layer dielectric layer, the anti-oxidant metal layer is zinc or titanium, substrate surface in wherein described two layers of nesa coating is provided opposite to, antireflection structure in two layers of nesa coating is then set outwardly, forms back-to-back structure.Nesa coating used in the PDLC realizes excellent optical property and electric property, and can realize extensive, large area production in the case where general thickness is far smaller than existing ito film.Simultaneously because anti-reflection part is the structure of " back-to-back ", voltage directly can be applied in the outside of nesa coating, the complexity of PDLC routed outside techniques can greatly reduce.
Description
Technical field
PDLC display fields of the present invention, particularly a kind of PDLC display modules with high light transmittance energy nesa coating.
Background technology
PDLC（Polymer dispersed liquid crystal,PDLC）It is a kind of electric by regulating and controlling
The intelligent dimming film of voltage-controlled transmitance processed.PDLC is by small molecule liquid crystal（LC）It is scattered in transparent polymeric matrix, gathers
Compound provides the liquid crystal particle of stable network structure, small molecule liquid crystal formation micron or nano-scale for liquid crystal droplet.No
Apply voltage when, liquid crystal molecule be it is disorderly arranged, incident light shine in after on the boundary of liquid crystal molecule and macromolecule matrix
Repeatedly refraction and reflection, shows the scattering states of white on face.Upon application of a voltage, liquid crystal molecule can be arranged along the direction of electric field
Row, so that incident light will not reflect after coming in and reflect and directly transmit.Compared with traditional liquid crystal device,
PDLC advantage is not needing polarizer and oriented layer, and preparation technology is simple, it is easy to large area flexible display is made, at present
Have widely in fields such as the commercial space decoration of various secret protections, office, hotel's decoration, projection displaying, 3D projections
Using.
There are many patents on PDLC products, such as Jingdongfang Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd on Vehicles Collected from Market（Shen
Please number：201310198447.X）A kind of preparation method of PDLC liquid crystal panel is recently disclosed to solve existing PDLC liquid crystal surfaces
The problem of plate brightness disproportionation.Liquid crystal molecule, light trigger and prepolymer are mainly well mixed and obtain liquid crystal compound by it；Will
To liquid crystal compound be injected into liquid crystal sylphon and form liquid crystal cell；Using strong and weak uniform alternate light irradiating liquid crystal box,
Liquid crystal compound in liquid crystal cell obtains PDLC liquid crystal panel after occurring polymerisation.Beijing Sanwujiu Investment Co., Ltd.（Shen
Please number：201310002541.3）The PDLC Flexible Displays templates of design, it is using photoetching, etching technics formation electrically conducting transparent grid
Bar, the method preparation for using coating process, photocuring, painting printing ink layer afterwards.Replied to solve liquid crystal molecule from direction of an electric field
The problem of state is slow before to upper electricity, Jingdongfang Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd（Application number：201210378891.5）At some
2 groups of electrodes are devised on transparent conductive film layer, the problem of solving to reply slow well.Jingdongfang Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd
（Application number：201120449388.5）A kind of two-sided PDLC display devices are also designed, two PDLC layers are had, one side can be achieved
Or double-sided display, with small volume, lightweight and thickness is small, can meet light, thin, short, the small trend of electronic product.
A kind of common PDLC structures are as shown in figure 1, its primary structure is attached to the nesa coating on base material 10
20 " face-to-face " arrangements, there is one layer of polymeric dispersed LCD 30 in the middle of nesa coating 20.The edge of nesa coating 20, which has, to be drawn
Line is exported.Operationally, in nesa coating both sides making alive, electric field will be produced in PDLC layer device, and liquid crystal molecule can edge
The direction arrangement of electric field, so that incident light will not reflect after coming in and reflect and directly transmit.Close power supply,
Liquid crystal molecule arrangement tends to unordered, and the scattering process to light is strengthened.Therefore, PDLC devices can be efficiently controlled by changing voltage
The transmitance of part.It is not fine yet with two layers of nesa coating 20 light transmission of itself up and down so that PDLC light
Utilization rate is not high.A kind of main method for the anti-reflection for improving nesa coating is to add one layer of antireflective film again to reduce interface to light
Reflex, increase interface is to the transmission of light.Gone out by theoretical calculation analysis, to the light that wavelength is λ, to realize antireflective,
Refractive index n=(n of antireflective film1n2)0.5, wherein n1And n2It is the refractive index of air and base material respectively, the minimum optics of antireflective film is thick
Spend for λ/4（Wherein λ is the wavelength of light）.The light wave anti-reflection of monofilm only to a certain specific wavelength, to make in bigger wave-length coverage
Anti-reflection is inside realized, people are generally realized using multilayer film.The technical staff of our company has found regular film system by Theoretical Design
The thickness of multilayer antireflective film need to reach that 248nm can just have preferable anti-reflection effect.Larger thickness can cause carrying for cost
Inferior position in high and price.One seminar of Shanghai Communications University proposes dielectric layer/metal level/dielectric layer three-layered node
Structure, thickness is in below 100nm, while have preferable electric conductivity visible light-transmissive forthright, however, due to metal level be easy to by
Oxidation, causes service life not high, also there is very big problem in actual production and use（Number of patent application：
03116461.7）.In addition, using traditional ITO as the main material of nesa coating, target is valuable, needed before plated film pair
Flexible parent metal surface carries out cure process and coating refractive index matching layers etc., needs to carry out Crystallizing treatment after plated film, result in life
Produce increasing considerably for cost.
Therefore, for the deficiency on current PDLC product, key factor is in following factor：1. preparing ito film
When need carry out annealing and base material Surface hardening treatment, result in production cost too high；2.ITO is imitated without anti-reflection
Should, if designing antireflective film by regular film system, thickness can equally improve production cost and raw material more than 200 nanometer
Consumption；3. the square resistance of electrically conducting transparent ito thin film is up to 100-150 Ω/, cause the driving voltage of device big, reaction
Slowly；4. current PDLC products are " face-to-face " structures due to ITO layer, it is desirable to have special lead is by the transparent of inner side
Conductive film is drawn so that wiring is complex.
Therefore need badly and develop a kind of novel transparent conducting film to replace ito thin film to be used in PDLC, on the one hand it needs
With higher anti-reflection and relatively low resistivity, on the other hand need to save cost, it is easy to use.
The content of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of PDLC display modules, the PDLC display modules use a kind of
Special nesa coating, the nesa coating not only possesses high printing opacity, low-resistance advantage, while can be with " back-to-back "
Mode, current-carrying part is arranged on the outside of PDLC display modules, facilitates the layout of circuit.
A kind of PDLC display modules proposed according to the purpose of the present invention, including two layers of nesa coating up and down, and folder
PDLC layer between two layers of nesa coating, the nesa coating includes antireflection structure and substrate, the antireflection structure
Including dielectric layer-anti-oxidant metal layer-metal conducting layer-anti-oxidant metal layer-dielectric layer, the anti-oxidant metal layer be zinc or
Titanium, wherein the substrate surface in two layers of nesa coating is provided opposite to, the antireflection structure in two layers of nesa coating is then
Set outwardly, form back-to-back structure.
It is preferred that, the total optical thickness of the two layer medium layer is 1 optical unit, and the optics of two layer medium layer is thick
Spend using middle conductive metal layer as specular.
It is preferred that, the thickness of the metal conducting layer is less than 10nm, the thickness of anti-oxidant metal layer between 1-10nm, and
Two layers of anti-oxidant metal layer is using middle conductive metal layer as specular.
It is preferred that, the refractive index of the two layer medium layer is respectively greater than 2.
It is preferred that, the conductive metal layer is gold or silver.
It is preferred that, the square resistance of the antireflection structure is less than 10 Ω/.
It is preferred that, the material of the dielectric layer is TiOx、NbOx、ZrOx、ZnOx、CeOx、TaOx, in ZnSe or ZnS one
Kind.
It is preferred that, the substrate is flexible and transparent material.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following technical advantage：
1st, antireflection structure used in the PDLC display modules, its gross thickness is only in tens nanometer ranges, than traditional
Regular film system reduces an order of magnitude, and one side reflectivity of the antireflective film prepared in visible-range is less than 2.0-
3.0%, with more than 90% high-transmission rate.
2nd, by adding anti-oxidant metal layer, traditional sandwich structure nesa coating is optimized, on the one hand
The square resistance of antireflective film is reduced, only in 10 Ω/below, with outstanding electric conductivity, on the other hand to preventing conduction
Metal layer, improves service life and plays an important role.
3rd, electrically conducting transparent film production used in the present invention gets up simple and fast, and can large area production, not only reduce
Production cost, and provide possibility for industrial applications..
4th, because the antireflection structure of nesa coating has excellent adhesion property in itself, " back-to-back " structure can be used
Instead of " face-to-face " structure of existing ito film so that PDLC display modules directly can be powered in outside, simplify wiring
Etc. production technology, use and be also more convenient.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
There is the accompanying drawing used required in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only this
Some embodiments of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can be with
Other accompanying drawings are obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of common PDLC structures.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of five layers of U-shaped anti-reflection structure in embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 for intermediate metal layer thickness from the reflectivity curve races of the 6-10nm optics antireflective films changed.
Fig. 4 is the general structure schematic diagram of the nesa coating.
Fig. 5 is the comparison figure of the antireflective film and the reflectivity of existing ito film of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is PDLC " back-to-back " structural representation of the present invention.
Embodiment
As described in the background art, existing PDLC display modules, are limited to the inferior position of ito thin film in itself, with such as
The problem of lower：1. needing to carry out the Surface hardening treatment of annealing and base material when preparing ito film, production cost mistake result in
It is high；2.ITO does not have anti-reflection effect, if designing antireflective film by regular film system, thickness can be same to increase more than 200 nanometer
The consumption of production cost and raw material is added；3. the resistance value of electrically conducting transparent ito thin film is up to 100-150 Ω/, cause device
Driving voltage is big, and reaction is slow；4. current PDLC products are all " face-to-face " structures, it is desirable to have special lead is by inner side
ITO conducting films are drawn so that wiring is complex.
It is this so-called that the saturating low resistance multi-layer film structure of current height is generally metal oxide/conductive layer/metal oxide
Sandwich structure, as number of patent application for 03116461.7 patent embodied in, however, this structure mainly has two
Point inferior position, first, conductive layer first can not be too thick, otherwise deleterious effect can be produced to permeability, however, too thin metal is led
Electric layer（Such as below 10nm）Island structure rather than continuous film are readily formed, this is by under the electric conductivity for causing metal conducting layer
Drop；Second, the oxygen atom that conductive layer is typically selected in oxygen atom and external environment in metal Ag, metal oxide is easily by Ag
Layer is aoxidized, the electric conductivity of Ag layers of reduction.In order to solve these problems, we are from one layer and resisting that oxygen is easier to react
Metal oxide layer, the anti-oxidant metal layer is incorporated into sandwich structure, on the one hand can fill island structure in Ag layers attached
Near space, obtains higher electric conductivity, on the other hand, and the oxygen atom in metal oxide reacts with the anti-oxidant metal layer,
Fine and close oxide-film is formed, splendid protective effect is played to the metal conducting layer of innermost layer.And the metallic bond formed is also
The adhesive force for improving metal oxide and anti-oxidant metal layer is played an important role.From Zn and Ti, both metals are made for we
For anti-oxidant metal layer, this is due to the more active of Zn and Ti, it is easy to the fine and close oxide-film of oxidation generation, and oxide-film
Performance is highly stable, and chemical property is also very stable, can effectively protect the conductive metal layer of innermost layer.
Therefore, on the basis of traditional dielectric layer/metal level/dielectric layer sandwich structure, the present invention proposes one kind
The nesa coating of new antireflection structure and the PDLC display modules using the nesa coating, the antireflection structure include medium
Layer-anti-oxidant metal layer-metal conducting layer-anti-oxidant metal layer-dielectric layer five-layer structure, and gross thickness only tens receives
Rice, compared with existing multilayer antireflective film, the quantity of film layer is reduced, and thickness also greatly reduces, therefore reduces the plating of single film
The film time, feasibility is provided for large area, large-scale production.Due to adding anti-oxidant metal layer, drastically increase and subtract
The electric conductivity and inoxidizability of reflectance coating, improve the service life of antireflective coating.Simultaneously because the nesa coating of the present invention
There is no ito film like that easily by ambient influnence, therefore may be mounted at outside, i.e., using " back-to-back " structure.So do
Benefit is in use, directly can be clipped in both sides with the clip for being connected to both positive and negative polarity, it is to avoid prepared by PDLC devices
The complexity connected up in journey, simplifies preparation technology.
Above-mentioned phenomenon will be described in detail by specific structure below.
As shown in Fig. 2 the antireflection structure includes being located at the two layer medium layer 111 and 115 in outside up and down, led positioned at middle
Metal layer 113 and two layers of the anti-oxidant metal layer 112 and 114 being clipped in respectively between conductive metal layer and two layer medium layer.Its
The thickness of middle conductive metal layer 113 is less than 10nm, and its material considers electric property, is preferably gold or silver.Anti-oxidant metal layer
112 and 114 one side " can catch " oxonium ion in dielectric layer 111 and 115, and it is in oxygen debt state to make dielectric layer, and then is formed
So-called tunneling effect improves electric conductivity, and conductive metal layer on the one hand can be prevented by the oxidation of extraneous and medium of oxides layer
Failure, while being filled when conductive metal layer gap occurs because thickness is too small, so as to increase electric conductivity.Its thickness exists
Between 1-10nm, preferably zinc or titanium.In view of influence of the thickness to light anti-reflection effect of deielectric-coating, we take two layer medium
The total optical thickness of film 111 and 115 is 1 optical unit.In the present invention, in order to which the totality for effectively reducing five-layer structure is thick
Degree, we take high refractive index medium material of the refractive index more than 2 as the material of two layer medium layer 111 and 115.Such as
TiOx、NbOx、ZrOx、ZnOx、CeOx、TaOx, ZnSe, ZnS etc..So, the total optical thickness of two layer medium layer is being met
For λ/4（I.e. one optical unit）In the case of, the physical thickness of every layer of dielectric layer can be low as far as possible.With TiO2Exemplified by,
Its refractive index n=2.32, when the wavelength of incident light is 550nm, it can be seen from the calculation formula of optical thickness nd=λ/4（Wherein n
For the refractive index of dielectric layer, d is the physical thickness of dielectric layer, and λ/4 are an optical unit）, single-layer medium layer thickness be about
27nm, now the general thickness of the antireflection structure can control in 70nm or so, well below the thickness of other existing antireflective films
Degree.It is pointed out that for two layer medium layer 111,115 and two layers of anti-oxidant metal layer 112,114, phase can be selected respectively
With material or different materials, but two layer medium layer optical thickness, and two layers of anti-oxidant metal layer physics
Thickness is all using middle conductive metal layer as specular.
Referring again to Fig. 3, as shown in figure 3, the optics anti-reflection that the thickness that Fig. 3 is middle conductive metal layer changes from 6-10nm
The reflectivity curve race of film, wherein curve 1 represent that the thickness of intermediate metal layer is 6nm, and curve 2 represents that the thickness of intermediate metal layer is
7nm, curve 3 represents that the thickness of intermediate metal layer is 8nm, and curve 4 represents that the thickness of intermediate metal layer is 9nm, during curve 5 is represented
Between metal level thickness be 10nm.It can be seen that in most cases, antireflection structure of the invention is whole visible
Relatively low reflection characteristic is all presented in optical band.Wherein when the thickness of metal level is in 6nm, W type reflectance curves, effect are shown
It is best.
Based on above-mentioned antireflection structure, the present invention proposes a kind of nesa coating that can be applicable to PDLC.Refer to Fig. 4,
Fig. 4 is the general structure schematic diagram of the nesa coating.As illustrated, the nesa coating includes substrate 2 and is attached to the lining
The antireflection structure 1 of the side of bottom 2.The substrate 2 is preferably flexible clear materials, is specifically as follows polyethylene terephthalate
（PET）Deng, select flexible parent metal, by the method for volume to volume magnetron sputtering, can mass produce out with excellent photo electric
It, can be applied to replace traditional ITO nesa coating in PDLC, with great development potentiality by the antireflective coating of energy.
Refer to Fig. 5, Fig. 5 is that the nesa coating of the present invention and the luminance factor of existing ito thin film are relatively schemed.Wherein
Curve 1 is the reflectivity of existing ito film, and curve 2 is nesa coating of the invention（PET/NbOx/Ti/Ag/Ti/NbOx/
Air）Reflectivity, total physical thickness of its five layers of antireflection structures is 65nm or so.As can be seen from the figure can in 400-700nm
See that antireflective film reflectivity of the invention in optical band, different wave length is most of in below 2-3%, reflectivity curve is W types, with excellent
Elegant anti-reflective effect.
Following table is changes the thickness of different anti-oxidant metal layers, and reflectivity, the square of five layers of designed antireflection structure are electric
Resistance, water boil square resistance after half an hour and water boil adhesive force experimental result after half an hour.Wherein table one is gold
Belong to Zn, table two is metal Ti.As can be seen that between the thickness of two kinds of anti-oxidant metal layers is 1-10nm, reflectivity exists always
Less than 4%, with outstanding reflection preventing ability, while having relatively low square resistance, in 10 Ω/below, water boils half an hour
Weatherability test also indicate that too big change do not occur for square resistance, adhesive force well, with good weatherability.Difficult energy can
Expensive, compared to the anti-reflection film product of in the market, film structure is simple, and thickness is very thin（Only on an optical thickness left side
It is right）, with very big industrialization advantage.
The photoelectric properties and weatherability test structure of the antireflection structure of the of table one difference anti-oxidant metal layer thickness（Zn）
The photoelectric properties and weatherability test structure of the antireflection structure of the of table two difference anti-oxidant metal layer thickness（Ti）
Fig. 6 is referred to, Fig. 6 is the PDLC display module schematic diagrames of the nesa coating formation using the present invention.As schemed
Show, the PDLC display modules include up and down two layers of nesa coating 100,300 as shown in Figure 6, and be clipped in this two layers it is saturating
PDLC layer 200 between bright conducting film, wherein " face-to-face " setting of substrate 120,320 in two layers of nesa coating, anti-reflection knot
Structure 110,310 is then set outwardly, forms the structure of " back-to-back ".It is arranged such, directly can be applied on the surface of nesa coating
Making alive, draw without passing through complicated lead, it is to avoid later stage PDLC display module in external drive circuit one
A little complicated technologies.
In summary, the present invention introduces one layer of anti-oxidant metal layer based on traditional sandwich structure, forms five layers of U
Type structure, using flexible material as base material, realizes excellent optical property and electric property, passes through the side of volume to volume magnetron sputtering
Method, realizes that extensive, large area produces the display module on PDLC.In addition, using nesa coating of the present invention formation
PDLC display modules, because anti-reflection part is the structure of " back-to-back ", directly can apply voltage in the outside of nesa coating,
Reduce the complexity of the PDLC routed outside techniques.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments, enables professional and technical personnel in the field to realize or using the present invention.
A variety of modifications to these embodiments will be apparent for those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, it is of the invention
Embodiment illustrated herein is not intended to be limited to, and is to fit to consistent with principles disclosed herein and features of novelty
Most wide scope.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of PDLC display modules, it is characterised in that：Including two layers of nesa coating up and down, and it is clipped in this two layers and transparent leads
PDLC layer between electrolemma, the nesa coating includes antireflection structure and substrate, and the antireflection structure includes dielectric layer-antioxygen
Change metal level-metal conducting layer-anti-oxidant metal layer-dielectric layer, the anti-oxidant metal layer is zinc, wherein described two layers transparent
Substrate surface in conducting film is provided opposite to, and the antireflection structure in two layers of nesa coating is then set outwardly, forms back-to-back
Structure；
The optical thickness of two layer medium layer, and two layers of anti-oxidant metal layer physical thickness all using middle conductive metal layer as mirror
As symmetrical；
The thickness of the metal conducting layer is less than 10nm, and the thickness of anti-oxidant metal layer is between 1-10nm, and two layers of antioxygen
Change metal level using middle conductive metal layer as specular.
2. PDLC display modules as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The total optical thickness of the two layer medium layer is 1
Individual optical unit.
3. PDLC display modules as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The refractive index of the two layer medium layer is respectively greater than
2。
4. PDLC display modules as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The conductive metal layer is gold or silver.
5. PDLC display modules as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The square resistance of the antireflection structure is less than 10
Ω/□。
6. PDLC display modules as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The material of the dielectric layer is TiOx、NbOx、
ZrOx、ZnOx、CeOx、TaOx, one kind in ZnSe or ZnS.
7. PDLC display modules as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The substrate is flexible and transparent material.
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| CN103955091A (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2014-07-30 | 张家港康得新光电材料有限公司 | Optical composite membrane based on PDLC (Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal) device and preparation method of optical composite membrane |
| CN105508909A (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2016-04-20 | 固安翌光科技有限公司 | Plane illumination light source adjustable in brightness of two sides |
| CN106646984A (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2017-05-10 | 琦芯科技股份有限公司 | Macromolecular dispersed liquid crystal light-dimming structure |
| CN106773235A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-31 | 广州汇驰实业发展有限公司 | A kind of light modulation film and preparation method thereof |
| CN109799634B (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2020-07-24 | 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司 | Sky glass of adjustable light starry sky decorative atmosphere lamp |
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