CN103735911B - 一种治疗风疹的药物及制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗风疹的药物及制备方法，属中药领域；本发明药物有效成分的原料组成为：天竺黄、薄荷、蝉蜕、地肤子、单条草、杜松果、蜂房、葛根、海金沙、景天、鬼针草、马齿、多花素馨、廊茵、牛胆和羌活；本发明药物所选药材配伍相宜，具有解表通里、清热解毒、消肿祛痒之功效，对于风疹以及风疹引发的并发症具有显著疗效，作用速度快，安全无副作用，值得临床广泛推广应用。
Description
所属技术领域
本发明涉及中药领域，尤其涉及一种治疗风疹的药物及制备方法。
背景技术
风疹又称“风痧”，痧子等，是儿童常见的一种呼吸道传染病。由于风疹的疹子来得快，去得也快，如一阵风似的，“风疹”也因此得名。风疹病毒在体外生活力很弱，传染性与麻疹一样强。一般通过咳嗽、谈话或喷嚏等传播。多见于15岁儿童，6个月以内婴儿因有来自母体的抗体获得抵抗力，很少发病。一次得病，可终身免疫，很少再患。
风疹病毒是一种囊膜病毒，直径约6070nm，呈粗糙球状，由一单股RNA基因组及脂质外壳组成，内含一个电子稠密核心，覆盖两层疏松外衣。病毒不耐热，在37℃和室温中很快灭活，-20℃可短期保存，-60℃可相对稳定几个月，出疹前7天及疹退后7、8天，鼻咽部分泌物中可发现病毒，亚临床型患者亦具传染性。
人类是风疹病毒的惟一自然宿主，通过飞沫传播，在出疹前、中、后数天内传染性最强，除鼻咽分泌物外，血、粪、尿中亦有病毒存在。多在冬春季发病，多见于15岁儿童，男女发病率均等。母亲的抗体可保护6个月前婴儿不发病。广泛使用疫苗后发病率降低，发病年龄提高。母亲孕期原发感染可通过胎盘导致胎儿宫内感染，其发生率和致畸率与感染时胎龄密切相关，以孕早期为最高。先天性风疹患儿在生后数月内仍有病毒排出，故具有传染病。
风疹若不及时治疗，极易引发各种并发症，例如脑炎、心肌炎、关节炎、出血倾向以及肝、肾功能异常等。对于风疹的治疗，目前主要采用普通康复疗法和西医治疗，普通康复疗法主要是加强护理，保持室内空气新鲜，加强营养，隔离至出疹后5天；西医治疗主要是支持疗法，对症治疗，可酌情给予退热剂，止咳剂及镇痛剂.喉痛用复方硼砂液漱口，皮肤瘙痒可用炉甘石洗剂或生油涂拭，结膜炎用0.25％氧霉素滴眼液或10％醋酸磺胺液滴眼数日。
上述疗法治疗风疹具有一定的疗效，但是治疗过程缓慢，增加了患者的痛苦，此外，西药治疗具有一定的副作用，对患者的身体造成了负面伤害。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种治疗风疹的药物及制备方法，本发明药物所选药材配伍相宜，具有解表通里、清热解毒、消肿祛痒之功效，对于风疹以及风疹引发的并发症具有显著疗效，作用速度快，安全无副作用，值得临床广泛推广应用。
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案实施如下：
一种治疗风疹的药物，制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为：
天竺黄40～70份薄荷35～65份蝉蜕35～60份地肤子30～60份
单条草30～60份杜松果30～55份蜂房25～55份葛根25～55份
海金沙25～50份景天20～50份鬼针草20～45份马齿20～45份
多花素馨20～50份廊茵15～45份牛胆15～40份羌活10～35份。
制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为：
天竺黄45～65份薄荷40～60份蝉蜕39～56份地肤子35～55份
单条草35～55份杜松果34～51份蜂房30～50份葛根30～50份
海金沙29～46份景天25～45份鬼针草24～41份马齿24～41份
多花素馨25～45份廊茵20～40份牛胆19～36份羌活14～31份。
制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为：
天竺黄50～60份薄荷45～55份蝉蜕43～52份地肤子40～50份
单条草40～50份杜松果38～47份蜂房35～45份葛根35～45份
海金沙33～42份景天30～40份鬼针草30～35份马齿28～37份
多花素馨30～40份廊茵25～35份牛胆23～32份羌活19～27份。
制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为：
天竺黄55份薄荷50份蝉蜕48份地肤子45份
单条草45份杜松果43份蜂房40份葛根40份
海金沙38份景天35份鬼针草33份马齿33份
多花素馨35份廊茵30份牛胆28份羌活23份。
一种治疗风疹的药物的制备方法，包括以下工艺步骤：
(1)将天竺黄、地肤子、杜松果、海金沙、鬼针草、多花素馨、牛胆和羌活洗净，放入容器内，加入8～10倍量的蒸馏水，浸泡5～6小时后，煮沸3～4小时，提取；再次加入6～8倍量蒸馏水，煮沸2～3小时，提取；最后，加入4～6倍量蒸馏水，加热煮沸1～2小时，提取；合并三次提取液，过滤，得滤液，备用；
(2)将薄荷、单条草、景天和廊茵洗净，放阴凉处晾干，切碎，放入容器内，绞汁，滤杂质，留汁液备用；
(3)将蝉蜕、蜂房、葛根和马齿烘干后，放入容器内，进行粉碎处理，研末，过200目细粉，备用；
(4)将上述步骤(1)～(3)所制得的滤液、汁液以及细粉混合，制成胶囊，即得本发明所述的治疗风疹的药物。
本发明所用中药的药性如下：
天竺黄：味甘，性寒；入心、肝、肺经。清热豁痰，凉心定惊。热病神昏谵妄，中风痰迷不语，小儿惊风抽搐，癫痫。《开宝本草》载：“主小儿惊风天吊，镇心明目，去诸风热，疗金疮止血，滋养五脏。”
薄荷：味辛，性凉；入肺、肝经。疏散风热，清利头目，利咽透疹，疏肝行气。主治外感风热，头痛，咽喉肿痛，食滞气胀，口疮，牙痛，疮疥，瘾疹，温病初起，风疹瘙痒，肝郁气滞，胸闷胁痛。《药品化义》载：“取其气香而利窍，善走肌表，用消浮肿，散肌热，除背痛，引表药入营卫以疏结滞之气。”现代医学研究证实，薄荷可以调理不洁、阻塞的肌肤，其清凉的感觉，能收缩微血管、舒缓发痒、发炎和灼伤，也可柔软肌肤，对于清除黑头粉刺及油性肤质也极具效果。
蝉蜕：味甘，性寒；归肺、肝经。散风除热，利咽透疹，退翳解痉。用于风热感冒，咽痛，音哑，麻疹不透，风疹瘙痒，目赤翳障，惊风抽搐，破伤风。《纲目》载：“治头风眩运，皮肤风热，痘疹作痒，破伤风及疗肿毒疮，大人失音，小儿噤风天吊，惊哭夜啼，阴肿。”
地肤子：味甘、苦，性寒；入肾、膀胱经。清热利湿，祛风止痒。用于小便涩痛，阴痒带下，风疹，湿疹，皮肤瘙痒。《别录》载：“去皮肤中热气，散恶疮，疝瘕，强阴，使人润泽。”
单条草：味苦，性凉；归脾、肾经。清热解毒，活血止痛，利温消肿。主治咽喉肿痛，痈肿疮毒，乳痈，毒蛇咬伤，跌打骨折，风湿痹痛，脚气水。《贵州植药调查》载：“解表，清热。”
杜松果：收敛，杀菌，解毒。主治皮肤炎、流汤的湿疹、干癣和肿胀。现代医学研究证实，杜松果具有抗菌、收敛、促进结疤、净化、消毒、利神经、杀虫、助产的功效。
蜂房：味甘，性平；归胃经。去腐生肌，消炎止痛，抗过敏。适用龋齿牙痛，疮疡肿毒，乳痈，瘰疬，皮肤顽癣，鹅掌风，过敏性体质。《云南思茅中草药选》载：“舒筋活络，法风湿，利尿。治风湿性关节炎，腰膝湿痹，肾炎水肿。”现代医学研究证实，蜂巢制剂有促进机体细胞免疫功能的作用。
葛根：味甘、辛，性平；入脾、胃经。升阳解肌，透疹止泻，除烦止温。主治伤寒，温热头痛项强，烦热消渴，泄泻，痢疾，癍疹不透，高血压，心绞痛，耳聋。《别录》载：“疗伤寒中风头痛，解肌，发表，出汗，开腠理。疗金疮，止痛，胁风痛。生根汁，疗消渴，伤寒壮热。”现代医学研究，葛根黄酮具有防癌抗癌作用，可促进女性丰胸、养颜，尤其对中年妇女和绝经期妇女养颜保健作用明显。
海金沙：味甘，性寒；归膀胱、小肠经。清利湿热，通淋止痛。用于热淋，砂淋，血淋，膏淋，尿道涩痛。《江西草药》载：“清热解毒，利尿除湿。治肝炎，肾性水肿，皮肤湿疹，水痘，尿血。痄腮，风火牙痛，喉蛾，白喉，带状疱疹，小儿疳积。”现代医学证实，海金沙煎剂对金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、福氏痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌等均有抑制作用，海金沙还有利胆作用。
景天：味酸、苦，性平。祛风利湿，活血散瘀，止血止痛。用于喉炎，荨麻疹，吐血，小儿丹毒；外用治疔疮痈肿，跌打损伤，鸡眼，烧烫伤，毒蛇咬伤，带状疱疹，脚癣。
鬼针草：味苦，性微寒；归肺、脾、胃、大肠经。清热解毒,清热止痢,活血止痛。用于感冒发热，咽痛，肠痈，黄疸，疟疾，毒蛇咬伤，痒疹，跌打损伤，腰痛，关节疼痛，胃痛，噎膈，用于腹泻，痢疾等。现代医学研究证实，鬼针草兼有益气健脾作用，可用于体虚无力，脾虚泄泻。
马齿：味甘，性平；归心、脾经。镇惊熄风，解毒止痛。主治小儿惊痫，疔疮痈疽，龋齿疼痛。《本草拾遗》载：“烧作灰，唾和，绯帛贴丁肿上，根出。”
多花素馨：味苦、微辛、涩，性平。活血，行气，止痛。用于胸膈胀满，胃痛，月经不调，痛经，皮肤搔痒，带下病，子痈，瘰疬。《云南中草药》载：“清热消炎。治睾丸炎，淋巴结结核。”
廊茵：味苦、酸、微辛，性平。清热解毒，和湿止痒，散瘀消肿。主治痈疮疔疖，毒蛇咬伤，湿疹，黄水疮，带状疱疹，跌打损伤，愉、内痔外痔。《甘肃中草药手册》载：“清热解毒，理气止痛，固脱。治小儿胎毒，胃气疼痛，子宫脱垂。”
牛胆：味苦，性寒；归肝、胆、肺经。清肝明目，利胆通肠，解毒消肿。主治风热目疾，心腹热渴，黄疸，咳嗽痰多，小儿惊风，便秘，痈肿，痔疮。现代医学研究证实，牛胆对呼吸道常见的甲型链球菌、肺炎球菌及结核杆菌等均有抑制作用。
羌活：味辛、苦，性温；入膀胱、肾经。散表寒，祛风湿，利关节，止痛。主治外感风寒，头痛无汗，油印寒湿痹，风水浮肿，疮疡肿毒。用于阳痿遗精，遗尿尿频，腰膝冷痛，肾虚作喘，五更泄泻；外用治白癜风，斑秃。解表散寒，祛风胜湿，止痛。《日华子本草》载：“治一切风并气，筋骨拳挛，四肢羸劣，头旋眼目赤疼及伏梁水气，五劳七伤，虚损冷气，骨节酸疼，通利五脏。”
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下有益效果：
本发明药物所选药材配伍相宜，具有解表通里、清热解毒、消肿祛痒之功效，对于风疹以及风疹引发的并发症具有显著疗效，作用速度快，安全无副作用，值得临床广泛推广应用。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步阐述。
实施例1
本发明药物有效成分的原料组成及重量为：
天竺黄65g薄荷60g蝉蜕56g地肤子55g
单条草55g杜松果51g蜂房50g葛根50g
海金沙46g景天45g鬼针草41g马齿41g
多花素馨45g廊茵40g牛胆36g羌活31g。
一种治疗风疹的药物的制备方法，包括以下工艺步骤：
(1)将天竺黄、地肤子、杜松果、海金沙、鬼针草、多花素馨、牛胆和羌活洗净，放入容器内，加入8～10倍量的蒸馏水，浸泡5～6小时后，煮沸3～4小时，提取；再次加入6～8倍量蒸馏水，煮沸2～3小时，提取；最后，加入4～6倍量蒸馏水，加热煮沸1～2小时，提取；合并三次提取液，过滤，得滤液，备用；
(2)将薄荷、单条草、景天和廊茵洗净，放阴凉处晾干，切碎，放入容器内，绞汁，滤杂质，留汁液备用；
(3)将蝉蜕、蜂房、葛根和马齿烘干后，放入容器内，进行粉碎处理，研末，过200目细粉，备用；
(4)将上述步骤(1)～(3)所制得的滤液、汁液以及细粉混合，制成胶囊，即得本发明所述的治疗风疹的药物。
用法用量：口服，每日3次，每次1粒，饭后温开水送服；3～5个天即可6痊愈，病情严重者遵医嘱酌增用量。
实施例2
本发明药物有效成分的原料组成及重量为：
天竺黄60g薄荷55g蝉蜕52g地肤子50g
单条草50g杜松果47g蜂房45g葛根45g
海金沙42g景天40g鬼针草35g马齿37g
多花素馨40g廊茵35g牛胆32g羌活27g。
本实施例的药物制备方法工艺步骤及用法用量与实施例1相同。
实施例3
本发明药物有效成分的原料组成及重量为：
天竺黄55g薄荷50g蝉蜕48g地肤子45g
单条草45g杜松果43g蜂房40g葛根40g
海金沙38g景天35g鬼针草33g马齿33g
多花素馨35g廊茵30g牛胆28g羌活23g。
本实施例的药物制备方法工艺步骤及用法用量与实施例1相同。
实施例4
本发明药物有效成分的原料组成及重量为：
天竺黄50g薄荷45g蝉蜕43g地肤子40g
单条草40g杜松果38g蜂房35g葛根35g
海金沙33g景天30g鬼针草30g马齿28g
多花素馨30g廊茵25g牛胆23g羌活19g。
本实施例的药物制备方法工艺步骤及用法用量与实施例1相同。
实施例5
本发明药物有效成分的原料组成及重量为：
天竺黄45g薄荷40g蝉蜕39g地肤子35g
单条草35g杜松果34g蜂房30g葛根30g
海金沙29g景天25g鬼针草24g马齿24g
多花素馨25g廊茵20g牛胆19g羌活14g。
本实施例的药物制备方法工艺步骤及用法用量与实施例1相同。
临床资料：
1、病例选择：
作为治疗风疹的药物，选择确诊的风疹患者200例临床观察，病人随机分成治疗组和对照组两组，治疗组100例，其中男童49例，女童51例，年龄1～15岁，平均年龄7.5岁，病程最短者7天，最长者1个月，平均15天。对照组100例，其中男童48例，女童52例，，年龄2～14岁，平均年龄7.3岁，病程最短者6天，最长者2个月，平均20天。
治疗组和对照组两组病例的病程、症状轻重程度基本一致，无显著差异，具有可比性。
2、药物选择：
治疗组服用本发明药物，口服，每日3次，每次1粒，饭后温开水送服；连续服用3～5个天，病情严重者遵医嘱酌增用量。
对照组服用皮肤病血毒丸，口服，每日2次，每次20粒，5天为1个疗程，连续服用1～2个疗程，病情严重者遵医嘱酌增用量。
3、疗效判定：
(1)治愈：风疹及风疹后遗症全部全部消失，身体免疫力提高。
(2)显效：患者有所缓解，身体免疫力有所提高。
(3)无效：临床症状无明显好转或加重。
4、结果：
选用本发明药物的治疗组中，治愈71例，显效27例，无效2例，治愈率71％，总有效率98％。
对照组中治愈47例，显效22例，无效31例，治愈率12％，总有效率69％。
以上结果显示，治疗组的治愈率和总有效率明显高于对照组。
典型病例举例：
1、张某，男，3岁，江苏淮安人。患儿出疹1天，伴鼻塞，流涕，低热来诊。全身皮疹，疹色淡红，疹点密度中等，痒感，无咳嗽，小便较短，大便稍干，舌红苔薄，脉滑，体温37.3℃。针对病情服用本发明药物3天后，症状消失，血常规及小便常规正常，痊愈。
2、纪某，女，8岁，辽宁沈阳人。患儿出疹2天，伴鼻塞，流涕，发热来诊。全身皮疹，疹色深红，疹点密度中等，痒感，咳嗽，小便较短，大便稍干，舌红苔薄，脉滑，体温37.5℃。服用本发明药物5天后，症状消失，血常规及小便常规正常，痊愈。
3、贾某，男，11岁，浙江台州人。患儿发热咳嗽，咽痛，面部见少量红色丘疹，初始未觉，未用药，皮疹迅速蔓延胸腹后背，舌红苔薄，脉数，体温37.8℃。来我院就诊，服用本发明药物，服用4天后，复诊，疹点消失，身不痒，无发热，无眼赤，无腹胀，二便正常，血常规及小便常规正常，病告痊愈。
Claims (5)
1.一种治疗风疹的药物，其特征在于：制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为：
天竺黄40～70份薄荷35～65份蝉蜕35～60份地肤子30～60份
单条草30～60份杜松果30～55份蜂房25～55份葛根25～55份
海金沙25～50份景天20～50份鬼针草20～45份马齿20～45份
多花素馨20～50份廊茵15～45份牛胆15～40份羌活10～35份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗风疹的药物，其特征在于：制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为：
天竺黄45～65份薄荷40～60份蝉蜕39～56份地肤子35～55份
单条草35～55份杜松果34～51份蜂房30～50份葛根30～50份
海金沙29～46份景天25～45份鬼针草24～41份马齿24～41份
多花素馨25～45份廊茵20～40份牛胆19～36份羌活14～31份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗风疹的药物，其特征在于：制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为：
天竺黄50～60份薄荷45～55份蝉蜕43～52份地肤子40～50份
单条草40～50份杜松果38～47份蜂房35～45份葛根35～45份
海金沙33～42份景天30～40份鬼针草30～35份马齿28～37份
多花素馨30～40份廊茵25～35份牛胆23～32份羌活19～27份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗风疹的药物，其特征在于：制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为：
天竺黄55份薄荷50份蝉蜕48份地肤子45份
单条草45份杜松果43份蜂房40份葛根40份
海金沙38份景天35份鬼针草33份马齿33份
多花素馨35份廊茵30份牛胆28份羌活23份。
5.一种如权利要求1～4任一项所述治疗风疹的药物的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下工艺步骤：
（1）将天竺黄、地肤子、杜松果、海金沙、鬼针草、多花素馨、牛胆和羌活洗净，放入容器内，加入8～10倍量的蒸馏水，浸泡5～6小时后，煮沸3～4小时，提取；再次加入6～8倍量蒸馏水，煮沸2～3小时，提取；最后，加入4～6倍量蒸馏水，加热煮沸1～2小时，提取；合并三次提取液，过滤，得滤液，备用；
（2）将薄荷、单条草、景天和廊茵洗净，放阴凉处晾干，切碎，放入容器内，绞汁，滤杂质，留汁液备用；
（3）将蝉蜕、蜂房、葛根和马齿烘干后，放入容器内，进行粉碎处理，研末，过200目细粉，备用；
（4）将上述步骤（1）～（3）所制得的滤液、汁液以及细粉混合，制成胶囊，即得所述的治疗风疹的药物。
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