CN103730170B - A kind of accident mitigation device of intensified safety shell heat extraction - Google Patents
A kind of accident mitigation device of intensified safety shell heat extraction Download PDFInfo
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- CN103730170B CN103730170B CN201310747485.6A CN201310747485A CN103730170B CN 103730170 B CN103730170 B CN 103730170B CN 201310747485 A CN201310747485 A CN 201310747485A CN 103730170 B CN103730170 B CN 103730170B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the accident mitigation device of a kind of intensified safety shell heat extraction, described accident mitigation device is arranged on the internal face of containment, it is characterised in that described accident mitigation device includes: heat-conducting substrate, and heat-conducting substrate is attached on the internal face of containment；And hydrophobicity microstructure layer, described hydrophobicity microstructure layer is arranged on the surface of heat-conducting substrate, it is for making the surface of accident mitigation device have hydrophobic property, thus in the case of there is major accident, when the steam formed by coolant touches the surface of the accident mitigation device with hydrophobic property, form dropwise condensation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to nuclear plant safety equipment and technical field, particularly to a kind of passive heat release of nuclear plant severe accident.Specifically, it is when the major accident of super design reference occurs in nuclear power station, utilizes the device with stronger heat transmission function, discharge heat in time, it is ensured that the integrity of containment.
Background technology
Containment is nuclear power station when having an accident, and prevents last one barrier that radioactive substance leaks, has particularly important meaning to nuclear plant safety.So, for following reactor nuclear power station, its reactor core increases, power increase necessarily cause accident after in containment Mass and energy release increase, the most promptly discharge heat in shell, be the major issue needing in nuclear power station design to consider.Accident mitigation problem under the major accident operating modes such as large break to be solved, main steam line rupture, must have a kind of can occur major accident operating mode under, quickly it is expelled directly out heat in containment, in ensureing containment, temperature, pressure are less than the method designing tolerance zone, thus keep the integrity of containment, final guarantee nuclear power station or even the safety of surrounding.
According to the operation characteristic of containment cooling system, in shell, heat is mainly transported to outside by the coupling of the physical phenomenons such as water recovery in shell, box hat wall heat conduction and the outer liquid film evaporation of shell, thus reduces the internal pressure of containment.Wherein, containment wall and neighbouring fluid thereof are the main carriers that heat sets out, and the efficient heat transfer in shell wall is of crucial importance to realizing containment cooling system function.The condensation mode of steam can be divided into film condensation and dropwise condensation.The steel containment vessel of prior art and common coatings surface all show as hydrophilic nmature, and condensation mode is film condensation, and steam condensation can only be carried out on liquid film.This condensation mode heat exchange efficiency is low, there is potential safety hazard.
Summary of the invention
Relative to film condensation, dropwise condensation is a kind of high efficient heat exchanging mode, and heat exchange is directly carried out on liquid bead surface and exposed wall, and its coefficient of heat transfer is high 1-2 the order of magnitude than film condensation, it is possible to the heat removal capacity of efficient hardening containment.Therefore, a kind of hydrophobic or super-hydrophobic containment wall face being capable of efficient dropwise condensation heat transfer has great importance.
Therefore, it is an object of the invention to propose strengthen during a kind of nuclear plant severe accident the accident mitigation device of containment heat extraction performance, when the major accident operating mode of nuclear power station generation beyond design basis accident, pressure and temperature in containment is reduced to acceptable level, to keep the integrity of containment.
Technical scheme is as follows: the accident mitigation device of a kind of intensified safety shell heat extraction, including heat-conducting substrate, it is characterized in that: also include hydrophobicity microstructure layer, this hydrophobicity microstructure layer is arranged on the surface of heat-conducting substrate, and above-mentioned accident mitigation device is arranged on the internal face of steel containment vessel；When there is major accident, perform safety guarantee function.
Described hydrophobicity microstructure layer is at least one material in C, C compound, Si, Si compound, Zn, Zn compound, Zn alloy, Ga, Ga compound, B, B compound, Cu, Cu compound, Cu alloy, Al, Al compound, Al alloy, Mg, Mg compound, Mg alloy, Ag, Ag alloy, Fe, Fe alloy, Pb, Pb alloy, Ni, Ni alloy, Sn, Sn alloy.
Described hydrophobicity microstructure layer is made up of at least one structure in projection, groove, hole micro nano structure.
Described micro nano structure has at least one structure in ball-type, spheroid shape, ball crown type, column type, cast, pyramid type, prismoid shaped, sheet stratotype, aciculiform.
The height of described micro nano structure or the degree of depth are between 500 nanometers to 1000 micron, and halfwidth degree is between 20 nanometers to 200 micron, and adjacent micro nano structure spacing is between 100 nanometers to 500 micron.
Optionally, described accident mitigation device also includes the low-surface-energy chemical modification layer being arranged on hydrophobicity microstructure layer surface.The material surface energy of described low-surface-energy chemical modification layer is at 5 to 100 mJ/m2.Favourable, the material of described low-surface-energy chemical modification layer is siloxanes or fluorochemical.
It is an advantage of the current invention that:
1) principle utilizing roughness to amplify hydrophobic effect forms the most super-hydrophobic hydrophobic surface, thus under accident conditions, reduce or avoid the formation of liquid film, by efficient dropwise condensation heat transfer process, containment pressure and temperature is reduced to acceptable level, effectively keeps the integrity of containment.
2) apparatus structure that the present invention uses is simple, low cost, enforcement are convenient, and stable performance, reliable.
3) device that the present invention uses has hydrophobic surface, the self_cleaning effect being had by hydrophobic surface, is conducive to keeping containment wall cleaning and preventing wall from corroding.
4) in the present invention uses passive device to strengthen containment, heat is discharged, and is completely independent of external impetus supply, improves the inherent safety of nuclear power station.
Present invention also offers techniques below scheme:
1. an accident mitigation device for intensified safety shell heat extraction, described accident mitigation device is arranged on the internal face of containment, it is characterised in that described accident mitigation device includes:
Heat-conducting substrate, heat-conducting substrate is attached on the internal face of containment, and
Hydrophobicity microstructure layer, described hydrophobicity microstructure layer is arranged on the surface of heat-conducting substrate, it is for making the surface of accident mitigation device have hydrophobic property, thus in the case of there is major accident, when the steam formed by coolant touches the surface of the accident mitigation device with hydrophobic property, form dropwise condensation.
2. according to the accident mitigation device described in scheme 1, it is characterised in that described hydrophobicity microstructure layer is made up of at least one micro nano structure in projection micro nano structure, groove micro nano structure, hole micro nano structure.
3. according to the accident mitigation device described in scheme 2, it is characterised in that described hydrophobicity microstructure is at least one structure in ball-type, spheroid shape, ball crown type, column type, cast, pyramid type, prismoid shaped, sheet stratotype, aciculiform or multiple composite construction.
4. according to the accident mitigation device described in scheme 2, it is characterized in that, the height of described micro nano structure or the degree of depth are between 500 nanometers to 1000 micron, and halfwidth degree is between 20 nanometers to 200 micron, and adjacent micro nano structure spacing is between 100 nanometers to 500 micron.
5. according to the accident mitigation device described in scheme 1, it is characterized in that, described hydrophobicity microstructure layer is at least one in C, C compound, Si, Si compound, Zn, Zn compound, Zn alloy, Ga, Ga compound, B, B compound, Cu, Cu compound, Cu alloy, Al, Al compound, Al alloy, Mg, Mg compound, Mg alloy, Ag, Ag alloy, Fe, Fe alloy, Pb, Pb alloy, Ni, Ni alloy, Sn, Sn alloy.
6. according to the accident mitigation device described in scheme 1, it is characterised in that described accident mitigation device also includes the low-surface-energy chemical modification layer being arranged on hydrophobicity microstructure layer surface.
7. the containment of a heat rejection enhancement, it is characterised in that comprising:
Containment, and
Accident mitigation device, described accident mitigation device is arranged on the internal face of containment, and described accident mitigation device includes:
Heat-conducting substrate, heat-conducting substrate is attached on the internal face of containment, and
Hydrophobicity microstructure layer, described hydrophobicity microstructure layer is arranged on the surface of heat-conducting substrate, it is for making the surface of accident mitigation device have hydrophobic property, thus in the case of there is major accident, when the steam formed by coolant touches the surface of the accident mitigation device with hydrophobic property, form dropwise condensation.
8. according to the containment described in scheme 7, it is characterised in that described hydrophobicity microstructure layer is made up of at least one micro nano structure in projection micro nano structure, groove micro nano structure, hole micro nano structure.
9. according to the containment described in scheme 7, it is characterized in that, described hydrophobicity microstructure layer is at least one in C, C compound, Si, Si compound, Zn, Zn compound, Zn alloy, Ga, Ga compound, B, B compound, Cu, Cu compound, Cu alloy, Al, Al compound, Al alloy, Mg, Mg compound, Mg alloy, Ag, Ag alloy, Fe, Fe alloy, Pb, Pb alloy, Ni, Ni alloy, Sn, Sn alloy.
10. the nuclear plant safety equipment of a heat rejection enhancement, it is characterised in that comprising:
Containment；
Concrete shield Factory Building, it has air intake, air baffle, air outlet slit, and the air entered from air intake, through air baffle, carries out free convection cooling, the air of free convection after enter air through air outlet slit；And
Accident mitigation device, described accident mitigation device is arranged on the internal face of containment, and described accident mitigation device includes:
Heat-conducting substrate, heat-conducting substrate is attached on the internal face of containment, and
Hydrophobicity microstructure layer, described hydrophobicity microstructure layer is arranged on the surface of heat-conducting substrate, it is for making the surface of accident mitigation device have hydrophobic property, thus in the case of there is major accident, when the steam formed by coolant touches the surface of the accident mitigation device with hydrophobic property, form dropwise condensation.
From detailed description provided below, other exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be clear from.Although it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples disclose the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, but it being only descriptive purpose, and it is not limiting as the scope of the present invention.
Term defines:
The term " imbibition characteristic " used in this application refers to hydrophilic and hydrophobicity, and such as, " enhancing imbibition characteristic " used herein refers to make water wetted material more hydrophilic, and hydrophobic material is more hydrophobic.Specifically, " enhancing imbibition characteristic " refers to strengthen hydrophobic property in this application.
The term " halfwidth degree " used in this application refers to the width being had at height (or degree of depth) half.Such as, in an embodiment of the application, halfwidth degree refers to the width that prismoid shaped projection is had at a half height.Such as, in another embodiment of the application, halfwidth degree refers to the width that prismoid shaped groove is had at the half degree of depth.
Additionally, unless otherwise defined, the implication of all scientific and technical terminologies the most used herein and those skilled in the art in the invention are generally understood that it is the same.If conflict occurs, it is as the criterion with this specification and the definition that includes thereof.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Describe the present invention below in conjunction with Figure of description.Figure of description not necessarily carries out drawing in strict accordance with ratio and Figure of description is only schematic diagram.In the drawings in the descriptive section of the present application, same or analogous reference is used to represent same or analogous element.
Fig. 1 is the accident mitigation device schematic diagram of the intensified safety shell heat extraction according to the present invention, and wherein accident mitigation device is arranged on the internal face of containment；And
Fig. 2 is the close-up schematic view of part A in Fig. 1.
Reference numerals list
1. containment
2. heat-conducting substrate
3. hydrophobicity microstructure layer
4. concrete shield Factory Building
5. air baffle
6. air intake
7. air outlet slit
8. accident mitigation device.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings concrete structure, work process and the preferred forms of the present invention is described further.Following example are intended to explain the present invention, and are not construed as limiting the claims.
The nuclear power plant accident that the invention provides a kind of augmentation of heat transfer alleviates device.With reference to Fig. 1, it illustrates one embodiment of the present of invention.As it is shown in figure 1, place containment 1 in concrete shield Factory Building 4, its for example, steel.Fig. 1 also show the cooling system of passive containment, concrete shield Factory Building 4 has air intake 6, and concrete shield Factory Building 4 is provided with air baffle 5, the air entered from air intake 6 enters through air baffle 5, thus the shell of touch-safe shell 1.The air entered by air intake 6 carries out free convection cooling, the air of free convection after enter air through the air outlet slit 7 of concrete shield Factory Building 4.
With continued reference to Fig. 1 and with reference to Fig. 2, as it is shown in figure 1, accident mitigation device 8 according to an embodiment of the invention is arranged on the internal face of containment 1.Fig. 2 is the close-up schematic view of the part A of Fig. 1.The accident mitigation device 8 of this intensified safety shell heat extraction mainly includes heat-conducting substrate 2 and hydrophobicity microstructure layer 3.Heat-conducting substrate 2 is attached on the internal face of containment 1 by modes such as welding, such as heat-conducting substrate 2 is preferably by SA738 carbon steel sheet, it has good welding performance with containment 1, in other embodiments of the invention, heat-conducting substrate 2 can also use other suitable material, the most in other embodiments of the invention, it is possible to use other suitable combinations.
It is concrete as in figure 2 it is shown, hydrophobicity microstructure layer 3 is arranged on the surface of heat-conducting substrate 2.According to one embodiment of present invention, hydrophobicity microstructure layer 3 is made up of multiple projections, and the plurality of projection sequentially or can arrange with certain pattern according to concrete applicable cases.In other embodiments of the invention, multiple projections can be with random alignment.The micro nano structure of surfacing can strengthen imbibition characteristic.In order to improve surface hydrophobic, it is preferable that described hydrophobicity microstructure layer 3 is made up of the micro nano structure of projection but it also may be made up of groove and hole micro nano structure.The micro nano structure of described projection has at least one structure in ball-type, spheroid shape, ball crown type, column type, cast, pyramid type, prismoid shaped, sheet stratotype, aciculiform or multiple composite construction.It is highly preferred that the micro nano structure of projection is prismoid shaped so that Stability Analysis of Structures and be prone to processing.
For further optimizing surface hydrophobic property, the height of micro nano structure or the degree of depth, between 500 nanometers to 1000 micron, halfwidth degree is between 20 nanometers to 200 micron, and adjacent micro nano structure spacing is between 100 nanometers to 500 micron.Preferably, micro nano structure height is 5 to 50 microns, and halfwidth degree is 3 to 30 microns, and adjacent microstructure spacing is 5 to 50 microns.
The material of low-surface-energy has super-hydrophobic surface imbibition characteristic.Therefore, in order to obtain super hydrophobic surface, arranging surface on hydrophobicity microstructure layer 3 surface can be 5 to 100 mJ/m2Low-surface-energy chemical modification layer.Preferably, the material of low-surface-energy chemical modification layer is siloxanes.In other embodiments of the invention, chemical modification layer can also be fluorochemical.
When there is major accident, owing to refrigerant injection is to containment 1 inner space, form a large amount of steam, cause the temperature and pressure within containment 1 to raise.When steam touches accident mitigation device 8 surface with hydrophobic property, form dropwise condensation.Compared with common film condensation, dropwise condensation heat transfer is directly carried out on liquid bead surface and exposed wall, and its coefficient of heat transfer is high 1-2 the order of magnitude than film condensation, enhances the heat removal capacity of containment 1.Condensed liquid flows back to bottom containment, and its heat passes to steel containment vessel 1 outer surface, the outer surface of containment 1 is by cooling down the moisture film cooling that water is formed in containment outside wall surface, heat finally cools down via the natural convection air between air intake 6, air baffle 5 and steel containment vessel 1, the air of free convection after enter air through the air outlet slit 7 of concrete shield Factory Building 4.
The chemical constituent of surfacing affects the wellability of drop.Therefore, in order to obtain the hydrophobic surface of intrinsic, this hydrophobicity microstructure layer 3 can be at least one material in C, C compound, Si, Si compound, Zn, Zn compound, Zn alloy, Ga, Ga compound, B, B compound, Cu, Cu compound, Cu alloy, Al, Al compound, Al alloy, Mg, Mg compound, Mg alloy, Ag, Ag alloy, Fe, Fe alloy, Pb, Pb alloy, Ni, Ni alloy, Sn, Sn alloy.Preferably, hydrophobicity microstructure layer 3 is Cu compound.It is highly preferred that Cu compound is CuO, so that hydrophobicity microstructure layer 3 preparation technology is simple, with low cost.
Embodiment described above is exemplary only and nonrestrictive.Therefore, in the case of conceiving without departing from invention disclosed herein, above-described embodiment can be modified or change by those skilled in the art.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention is only limited by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. an accident mitigation device for intensified safety shell heat extraction, described accident mitigation device is arranged on the internal face of containment, it is characterised in that described accident mitigation device includes:
Heat-conducting substrate, heat-conducting substrate is attached on the internal face of containment, and
Hydrophobicity microstructure layer, described hydrophobicity microstructure layer is arranged on the surface of heat-conducting substrate, it is for making the surface of accident mitigation device have hydrophobic property, thus in the case of there is major accident, when the steam formed by coolant touches the surface of the accident mitigation device with hydrophobic property, form dropwise condensation.
Accident mitigation device the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described hydrophobicity microstructure layer is made up of at least one micro nano structure in projection micro nano structure, groove micro nano structure, hole micro nano structure.
Accident mitigation device the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described projection micro nano structure is at least one structure in ball-type, spheroid shape, ball crown type, column type, cast, pyramid type, prismoid shaped, sheet stratotype, aciculiform or multiple composite construction.
Accident mitigation device the most according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the height of described micro nano structure or the degree of depth are between 500 nanometers to 1000 micron, and halfwidth degree is between 20 nanometers to 200 micron, and adjacent micro nano structure spacing is between 100 nanometers to 500 micron.
Accident mitigation device the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described hydrophobicity microstructure layer is at least one in C, C compound, Si, Si compound, Zn, Zn compound, Zn alloy, Ga, Ga compound, B, B compound, Cu, Cu compound, Cu alloy, Al, Al compound, Al alloy, Mg, Mg compound, Mg alloy, Ag, Ag alloy, Fe, Fe alloy, Pb, Pb alloy, Ni, Ni alloy, Sn, Sn alloy.
Accident mitigation device the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described accident mitigation device also includes the low-surface-energy chemical modification layer being arranged on hydrophobicity microstructure layer surface.
7. the containment of a heat rejection enhancement, it is characterised in that comprising:
Containment, and
Accident mitigation device, described accident mitigation device is arranged on the internal face of containment, and described accident mitigation device includes:
Heat-conducting substrate, heat-conducting substrate is attached on the internal face of containment, and
Hydrophobicity microstructure layer, described hydrophobicity microstructure layer is arranged on the surface of heat-conducting substrate, it is for making the surface of accident mitigation device have hydrophobic property, thus in the case of there is major accident, when the steam formed by coolant touches the surface of the accident mitigation device with hydrophobic property, form dropwise condensation.
Containment the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described hydrophobicity microstructure layer is made up of at least one micro nano structure in projection micro nano structure, groove micro nano structure, hole micro nano structure.
Containment the most according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described hydrophobicity microstructure layer is at least one in C, C compound, Si, Si compound, Zn, Zn compound, Zn alloy, Ga, Ga compound, B, B compound, Cu, Cu compound, Cu alloy, Al, Al compound, Al alloy, Mg, Mg compound, Mg alloy, Ag, Ag alloy, Fe, Fe alloy, Pb, Pb alloy, Ni, Ni alloy, Sn, Sn alloy.
10. the nuclear plant safety equipment of a heat rejection enhancement, it is characterised in that comprising:
Containment；
Concrete shield Factory Building, it has air intake, air baffle, air outlet slit, and the air entered from air intake, through air baffle, carries out free convection cooling, the air of free convection after enter air through air outlet slit；And
Accident mitigation device, described accident mitigation device is arranged on the internal face of containment, and described accident mitigation device includes:
Heat-conducting substrate, heat-conducting substrate is attached on the internal face of containment, and
Hydrophobicity microstructure layer, described hydrophobicity microstructure layer is arranged on the surface of heat-conducting substrate, it is for making the surface of accident mitigation device have hydrophobic property, thus in the case of there is major accident, when the steam formed by coolant touches the surface of the accident mitigation device with hydrophobic property, form dropwise condensation.
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105788673B (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2019-04-23 | 国核华清（北京）核电技术研发中心有限公司 | Heat exchange enhancements and method, accident mitigation equipment for nuclear plant pressure vessels |
| CN105041010A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2015-11-11 | 华北电力大学 | Floating point type passive nuclear containment with super-hydrophobic surface |
| CN105427902B (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2019-12-13 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Direct evaporation type passive self-cooling guide plate |
| CN106251917B (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-11-03 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of passive air cooling system external disaster protector of tubular type |
| CN109256221B (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-12-24 | 清华大学 | Grease impregnated surface for strengthening condensation heat exchange of inner wall surface of containment vessel of reactor |
| CN110813911B (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2022-01-25 | 上海核工程研究设计院有限公司 | Nuclear power plant and containment maintenance method thereof |
| CN112071452B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2023-02-21 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Nuclear power plant post-accident containment heat exporting system |
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