CN107170493B - Passive containment heat exporting system - Google Patents
Passive containment heat exporting system Download PDFInfo
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- CN107170493B CN107170493B CN201710285748.4A CN201710285748A CN107170493B CN 107170493 B CN107170493 B CN 107170493B CN 201710285748 A CN201710285748 A CN 201710285748A CN 107170493 B CN107170493 B CN 107170493B
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- containment
- heat
- cooling liquid
- circulating pipeline
- mixed gas
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear safety control, and relates to a passive containment heat exporting system. The heat exporting system comprises a containment and a heat exporting assembly, wherein the heat exporting assembly comprises a cooling liquid tank arranged outside the containment, a circulating pipeline, a heat exchanger group, a mixed gas flow guide pipe and an air retention tank; the heat exchanger group is arranged in the containment and comprises a heat exchange pipe, a heat exchanger group cooling liquid inlet and a heat exchanger group cooling liquid outlet; the circulating pipeline is divided into two sections; the external containment cooling liquid tank is arranged outside the containment and is arranged higher than the heat exchanger group; the mixed gas guide pipe is arranged in the containment, two ends of the mixed gas guide pipe are opened, and at least one section of the mixed gas guide pipe is in contact with at least one section of the heat exchange pipe through a contact surface; the air retention box is arranged in the lower space of the containment and is provided with an opening. By utilizing the heat exporting system, the heat exporting efficiency of the passive containment heat exporting system can be improved by improving the condensation heat transfer efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear safety control, and relates to a passive containment heat exporting system.
Background
The containment vessel is the last barrier of a pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant to prevent radioactive fissile material from being released, and the integrity of the containment vessel is guaranteed to be of great importance in the design of the nuclear power plant. The traditional pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant adopts an active containment vessel spraying system to control the pressure and the temperature of a containment vessel under various accident conditions, so that the integrity of the containment vessel is maintained.
However, in the event of an over-design basis accident such as loss of off-site power, the active containment spray system cannot operate. Therefore, in recent years more and more new reactor designs have employed passive technology to remove the heat inside the containment. For example, the AP600/1000 reactor developed by westinghouse corporation derives heat inside the containment vessel by natural flow of air inside the annular space between the steel containment vessel and the shield building and evaporation of a liquid film on the outer surface of the steel containment vessel. For example, the chinese prior patent application with the application number CN 201110437864.6 of the present applicant also discloses a passive containment heat export system, which includes a heat exchanger set disposed inside a containment, wherein the cooling water in the heat exchange pipe of the heat exchanger set is subjected to heat exchange with the high-temperature mixed gas in the containment to increase the temperature, and the cooling water with the increased temperature is conducted through the circulation pipe of the heat exchanger set to be subjected to heat exchange with the cooling water in the heat exchange water tank disposed outside the containment to be cooled again. The main heat conduction mechanism of the passive containment heat exporting system is condensation of water vapor in mixed gas in the containment on the surface of the heat exchange tube.
However, in the case where the non-condensable gas (such as air and hydrogen, carbon monoxide, etc. which may be generated during a serious accident) exists in the mixed gas in the containment vessel, the condensation heat transfer capability of the water vapor is seriously weakened. It is shown that for a mixture of water vapor and air, a mass fraction of only 0.5% of air results in a 50% reduction in the heat transfer coefficient of condensation under natural convection conditions. Therefore, for the passive containment heat exporting system, if the content of the non-condensable gas around the heat exchanger group can be effectively reduced, the condensation heat transfer capacity can be effectively improved, and the performance of the passive containment heat exporting system is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a passive containment heat exporting system, which is used for improving the heat exporting efficiency of the passive containment heat exporting system by improving the condensation heat transfer efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, in the basic embodiment, the invention provides a passive containment heat exporting system, which comprises a containment and a heat exporting assembly, wherein the heat exporting assembly comprises an external containment cooling liquid tank, a circulating pipeline, a heat exchanger group, a mixed gas guide pipe and an air retention tank,
the heat exchanger group is arranged in the containment and comprises a heat exchange pipe, a heat exchanger group cooling liquid inlet and a heat exchanger group cooling liquid outlet, and is used for cooling the containment atmosphere led in the mixed gas guide pipe through the heat exchange between the cooling liquid in the heat exchange pipe and the containment atmosphere led in the mixed gas guide pipe,
the circulating pipeline is divided into two sections, one end of one section of the two sections is connected with the external cooling liquid tank of the containment, and the other end of the one section of the two sections is connected with the cooling liquid inlet of the heat exchanger group; one end of the other of the two sections is connected with the external containment cooling liquid tank, the other end of the other section is connected with the cooling liquid outlet of the heat exchanger group, the positions of the two sections of circulating pipelines connected with the external containment cooling liquid tank are different,
the external containment cooling liquid tank is arranged outside the containment and is higher than the heat exchanger group so that the cooling liquid contained in the external containment cooling liquid tank can flow into the heat exchange tubes in the heat exchanger group through the circulating pipeline under the action of gravity and flow back to the external containment cooling liquid tank through the circulating pipeline after heat exchange,
the mixed gas guide pipe is arranged in the containment vessel, two ends of the mixed gas guide pipe are opened, the upper end of the mixed gas guide pipe is opened towards the upper space of the containment vessel, the lower end of the mixed gas guide pipe is opened to extend into the air retention box, at least one section of the mixed gas guide pipe is contacted with at least one section of the heat exchange pipe through a contact surface,
the air retention tank is arranged in the lower space of the containment and is provided with an opening, and the opening is used for keeping the pressure balance between the air retention tank and other areas of the containment.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a passive containment heat removal system wherein the heat removal components are in one or more groups.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a passive containment heat export system, wherein the circulating pipeline is connected with the cooling liquid inlet of the heat exchanger group through a heat exchange pipe inlet header.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a passive containment heat export system, wherein the circulating pipeline is connected with the coolant outlet of the heat exchanger group through a heat exchange pipe outlet header.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a passive containment heat removal system, wherein the circulation pipeline is divided into a circulation pipeline descending section and a circulation pipeline ascending section,
the descending section of the circulating pipeline is lower than the ascending section of the circulating pipeline, one end of the descending section of the circulating pipeline is connected with the external cooling liquid tank of the containment, and the other end of the descending section of the circulating pipeline is connected with the cooling liquid inlet of the heat exchanger group;
one end of the ascending section of the circulating pipeline is connected with the external cooling liquid tank of the containment, and the other end of the ascending section of the circulating pipeline is connected with the cooling liquid outlet of the heat exchanger group.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a passive containment heat removal system, wherein a valve is arranged on the descending section of the circulation pipeline, and the valve is in a closed state during the normal operation of the nuclear power plant.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a passive containment heat removal system, wherein the mixed gas draft tube is vertically arranged in the containment.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a passive containment heat export system, wherein the cross sections of the heat exchange tubes and the mixed gas flow guide tube are rectangular, and the contact surface is rectangular.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a passive containment heat removal system wherein the cooling fluid is cooling water.
The passive containment heat exporting system has the beneficial effects that by utilizing the passive containment heat exporting system, the heat exporting efficiency of the passive containment heat exporting system can be improved by improving the condensation heat transfer efficiency. According to the invention, the content of the non-condensable gas in the area where the heat exchange tube of the passive containment heat exporting system is located is reduced by transporting the non-condensable gas such as air in the area where the heat exchange tube of the passive containment heat exporting system is located to the lower space of the containment by the passive principle, so that the condensation heat transfer efficiency of the passive containment heat exporting system is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition of an exemplary passive containment heat removal system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the contact surface between the heat exchange tube and the mixed gas draft tube in the passive containment heat export system according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating possible matching manners of the heat exchange tube and the mixed gas draft tube in the passive containment heat export system according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of an exemplary passive containment heat removal system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
An exemplary passive containment heat removal system of the present invention is shown in fig. 1 and includes: the containment 21 and the heat of multiunit derive the subassembly, wherein the heat of every group derives the subassembly and includes external cooling water tank 1 of containment, circulation pipeline descending section 2, heat exchange tube entry header 3, heat exchange tube export header 5, circulation pipeline ascending section 6, mist honeycomb duct 7, air detention case 8, valve 10, heat exchanger group 22.
The heat exchanger group 22 is arranged in the containment vessel 21, comprises a heat exchange tube 4, a heat exchanger group cooling water inlet and a heat exchanger group cooling water outlet, and is used for cooling the containment vessel atmosphere led in the mixed gas draft tube 7 through heat exchange between the cooling water in the heat exchange tube 4 and the containment vessel atmosphere led in the mixed gas draft tube 7.
The position of the descending section 2 of the circulating pipeline is lower than that of the ascending section 6 of the circulating pipeline, one end of the descending section is connected with the external cooling water tank 1 of the containment, and the other end of the descending section is connected with a cooling water inlet of the heat exchanger group through the heat exchange pipe inlet header 3. The descending section 2 of the circulation line is provided with a valve 10, and the valve 10 is in a closed state during normal operation of the nuclear power plant.
One end of the ascending section 6 of the circulating pipeline is connected with the external cooling water tank 1 of the containment, and the other end of the ascending section of the circulating pipeline is connected with a cooling water outlet of the heat exchanger group through a heat exchange pipe outlet header 5.
The positions of the circulating pipeline descending section 2 and the circulating pipeline ascending section 6 which are connected with the external cooling water tank 1 of the containment vessel are different.
The external containment cooling water tank 1 is arranged outside the containment vessel 21 and is arranged at a position higher than the heat exchanger group 22, so that cooling water contained in the external containment cooling water tank can flow into the heat exchange tubes 4 in the heat exchanger group 22 through the circulating pipeline descending section 2 under the action of gravity and flow back to the external containment cooling water tank 1 through the circulating pipeline ascending section 6 after heat exchange.
The mixed gas draft tube 7 is vertically arranged in the containment vessel 21, two ends of the mixed gas draft tube are opened, the upper end of the mixed gas draft tube is opened to the upper space of the containment vessel 21, and the lower end of the mixed gas draft tube is opened to extend into the air retention box 8.
As shown in fig. 2, at least one section of the mixed gas draft tube 7 is in contact with at least one section of the heat exchange tube 4 through a contact surface 9, and other surfaces and parts of the heat exchange tube 4 are exposed to the atmosphere of the containment. As shown in fig. 3, when the cross-section of the mixed gas draft tube 7 and the heat exchange tube 4 are both rectangular, the contact surface 9 thereof is also rectangular, and the other surfaces 12, 13, 14 of the heat exchange tube 4 are exposed to the atmosphere of the containment.
The air retention tank 8 is arranged in the lower space of the safety shell 21, and is provided with an opening 11, wherein the opening 11 is used for keeping the pressure balance between the air retention tank 8 and other areas of the safety shell 21.
The operation principle of the exemplary passive containment heat export system of the present invention is shown in fig. 4.
When a breach accident occurs in a nuclear power plant, a large amount of water vapor (containing non-condensable gas such as hydrogen gas during a serious accident) enters the containment vessel 21, so that the temperature and pressure of the containment vessel 21 are raised. At the moment, an operator opens the valve 10, cooling water in the external containment water tank 1 enters the heat exchange tube 4 through the circulating pipeline descending section 2 and the heat exchange tube inlet header 3, the cooling water in the heat exchange tube 4 is cooled through the contact surface 9 and enters the atmosphere of the containment of the mixed gas draft tube 7, and the atmosphere of the large containment space where the heat exchange tube 4 is located is cooled through other surfaces. The cooling water in the heat exchange tube 4 is heated, and returns to the external containment water tank 1 through the heat exchange tube outlet header 5 and the circulating pipeline ascending section 6 under the action of a passive natural principle. The atmosphere of the containment vessel entering the mixed gas draft tube 7 is cooled in the heat exchange tube 4, water vapor is condensed on the inner surface of the mixed gas draft tube 7, and air and other non-condensable gases enter the air retention tank 8 through the mixed gas draft tube 7, so that the content of the non-condensable gases in the large space of the containment vessel where the heat exchange tube 4 is located is reduced. The air retention tank 8 is connected with other areas of the containment through the opening 11, so that the pressure of the air retention tank 8 is balanced with the pressure of other areas of the containment during the operation of the system, and therefore, the cooled gas in the mixed gas draft tube 7 can be injected into the air retention tank 8 all the time.
In summary, the invention provides a passive containment heat export system capable of improving condensation heat transfer efficiency.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such modifications and variations. The foregoing examples or embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention, which may be embodied in other specific forms or in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The described embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention should be indicated by the appended claims, and any changes that are equivalent to the intent and scope of the claims should be construed to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A passive containment heat export system is characterized in that: the heat exporting system comprises a containment and a heat exporting assembly, the heat exporting assembly comprises a cooling liquid tank arranged outside the containment, a circulating pipeline, a heat exchanger group, a mixed gas flow guiding pipe and an air retention tank,
the heat exchanger group is arranged in the containment and comprises a heat exchange pipe, a heat exchanger group cooling liquid inlet and a heat exchanger group cooling liquid outlet, and is used for cooling the containment atmosphere led in the mixed gas guide pipe through the heat exchange between the cooling liquid in the heat exchange pipe and the containment atmosphere led in the mixed gas guide pipe,
the circulating pipeline is divided into two sections, one end of one section of the two sections is connected with the external cooling liquid tank of the containment, and the other end of the one section of the two sections is connected with the cooling liquid inlet of the heat exchanger group; one end of the other of the two sections is connected with the external containment cooling liquid tank, the other end of the other of the two sections is connected with the heat exchanger group cooling liquid outlet, the positions of the two sections of circulating pipelines connected with the external containment cooling liquid tank are different, the position of the ascending circulating pipeline connected with the external containment cooling liquid tank is higher than the position of the descending circulating pipeline connected with the external containment cooling liquid tank,
the external containment cooling liquid tank is arranged outside the containment and is higher than the heat exchanger group so that the cooling liquid contained in the external containment cooling liquid tank can flow into the heat exchange tubes in the heat exchanger group through the circulating pipeline under the action of gravity and flow back to the external containment cooling liquid tank through the circulating pipeline after heat exchange,
the mixed gas guide pipe is arranged in the containment vessel, two ends of the mixed gas guide pipe are opened, the upper end of the mixed gas guide pipe is opened towards the upper space of the containment vessel, the lower end of the mixed gas guide pipe is opened to extend into the air retention box, at least one section of the mixed gas guide pipe is contacted with at least one section of the heat exchange pipe through a contact surface,
the air retention tank is arranged in the lower space of the containment and is provided with an opening, and the opening is used for keeping the pressure balance between the air retention tank and other areas of the containment.
2. The heat removal system of claim 1, wherein: the heat leading-out components are one group or a plurality of groups.
3. The heat removal system of claim 1, wherein: and the circulating pipeline is connected with a cooling liquid inlet of the heat exchanger group through a heat exchange tube inlet header.
4. The heat removal system of claim 1, wherein: and the circulating pipeline is connected with a cooling liquid outlet of the heat exchanger group through a heat exchange tube outlet header.
5. The heat removal system of claim 1, wherein: the circulating pipeline is divided into a descending section of the circulating pipeline and an ascending section of the circulating pipeline,
the descending section of the circulating pipeline is lower than the ascending section of the circulating pipeline, one end of the descending section of the circulating pipeline is connected with the external cooling liquid tank of the containment, and the other end of the descending section of the circulating pipeline is connected with the cooling liquid inlet of the heat exchanger group;
one end of the ascending section of the circulating pipeline is connected with the external cooling liquid tank of the containment, and the other end of the ascending section of the circulating pipeline is connected with the cooling liquid outlet of the heat exchanger group.
6. The heat removal system of claim 5, wherein: and a valve is arranged on the descending section of the circulating pipeline.
7. The heat removal system of claim 1, wherein: the mixed gas guide pipe is vertically arranged in the containment vessel.
8. The heat removal system of claim 1, wherein: the cross sections of the heat exchange tube and the mixed gas guide tube are rectangular, and the contact surface is rectangular.
9. The heat removal system of claim 1, wherein: the cooling liquid is cooling water.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710285748.4A CN107170493B (en) | 2017-04-27 | 2017-04-27 | Passive containment heat exporting system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710285748.4A CN107170493B (en) | 2017-04-27 | 2017-04-27 | Passive containment heat exporting system |
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| CN107170493A CN107170493A (en) | 2017-09-15 |
| CN107170493B true CN107170493B (en) | 2020-12-18 |
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108533474A (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2018-09-14 | 江苏唐宁服饰有限公司 | Air-jet loom compressed air cooling system |
| CN112053791B (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2023-01-03 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Non-time-limit passive combined heat removal system with integrated heat release trap |
| CN113035396A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-06-25 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Double-wheel double-blade composite power air blowing type efficient heat exchanger built in containment |
| CN113035397B (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2023-10-27 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Safety shell built-in efficient heat exchanger adopting cutting and striking type air suction system |
| CN113035386B (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2022-11-18 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Containment built-in efficient heat exchanger adopting double-wheel double-blade composite power air suction type |
| CN113035400B (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2023-01-03 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Passive high-efficiency heat exchanger of sparse-membrane containment |
| CN113035393B (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2022-11-18 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Self-driven air extraction type passive containment heat removal system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US4343763A (en) * | 1980-03-07 | 1982-08-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Heat transfer system |
| US7430803B2 (en) * | 2004-12-28 | 2008-10-07 | Jia-Hao Li | Gas removing apparatus for removing non-condensate gas from a heat pipe and method for the same |
| CN101932475A (en) * | 2008-02-01 | 2010-12-29 | 阿美里根公司 | Condensation and humidity sensors for thermoelectric devices |
| CN103325427B (en) * | 2012-03-19 | 2016-06-01 | 中科华核电技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of Passive containment cooling system and method |
| CN103377728B (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2015-09-30 | 上海核工程研究设计院 | A kind of Flooded-type containment complete passive after-heat removal system |
| CN103956193B (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2017-01-04 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | A kind of passive containment thermal conduction system |
| CN204404827U (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-06-17 | 榆林学院 | A kind of device utilizing Venturi effect to discharge on-condensible gas in condensation segment |
| CN105810256B (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2019-02-22 | 国核华清（北京）核电技术研发中心有限公司 | A kind of nuclear power station passive residual heat removal system |
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