CN106782698A - A kind of long-term efficient Passive containment cooling system of use spraying technique - Google Patents
A kind of long-term efficient Passive containment cooling system of use spraying technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN106782698A CN106782698A CN201611061901.7A CN201611061901A CN106782698A CN 106782698 A CN106782698 A CN 106782698A CN 201611061901 A CN201611061901 A CN 201611061901A CN 106782698 A CN106782698 A CN 106782698A
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- heat exchanger
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- water tank
- cooling system
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
- G21C15/182—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat comprising powered means, e.g. pumps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of long-term efficient Passive containment cooling system of use spraying technique, containment built-in heat exchanger constitutes first order heat-extraction system with upper lower tube section；Air cooler, water tank deflection plate, steam air injection apparatus in external water tank constitute the second level heat-extraction system of cooling system.Steam air injector is located at water tank headroom side wall, and it enters the air of injector injection second level heat-extraction system using the water-vapour spray that first order heat-extraction system is produced, and then reduces first order heat-extraction system inlet temperature to improve system off heat power.Passive containment heat exchanger is located inside containment using thermoexcell, and its heat exchanger tube is provided with drainage plate using small coils light pipe and in heat exchanger surrounding.The present invention can efficiently take away containment internal heat for a long time when main coolant loop or main steam line occur cut accident, it is ensured that containment internal temperature and pressure are chronically within safety limit under emergency conditions.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of nuclear safety device, specifically containment cooling system.
Background technology
As continuing to develop for nuclear energy technology is applied to be played in human survival and development and is increasingly weighed with maturation, nuclear energy
The effect wanted.In order to make full use of this clean and effective energy to alleviate environmental pressure, China currently actively develops land
The technologies such as nuclear power station, floating nuclear power plant, nuclear-powered icebreaker.
In nuclear energy technology renewal process, nuclear safety is always positioned at space of top prominence.Generally, nuclear power system has three road safety
Barrier：Fuel ball and involucrum, primary Ioops pressure-bearing boundary and npp safety shell.Containment is used as being hedged off from the outer world most
One safety curtain afterwards, it is increasingly paid close attention to after Fukushima nuclear accident by researcher.In traditional core Power Plant Design, thing
Therefore under the conditions of need active system and derive waste heat in containment, which increase accident mitigation process to electric power, diesel oil equal energy source
Dependence.
In order to solve the above problems, people have greatly developed passive containment cooling system in Generation Ⅲ
System.One of which typical structure by containment built-in heat exchanger, the external heat-exchanging water tank of containment and connection heat exchanger and water tank
Cold and hot pipeline composition.When system occurs cut accident, a large amount of high-temperature steams are spurted into containment headroom and in containment
Built-in heat exchanger outer surface condensation heat.After the heat pipe section of passive heat derives system is heated, in the heavy position of cold and hot pipeline section
Difference drives lower system to form Natural Circulation with heat in lasting derivation containment, it is ensured that temperature, pressure is within safety limit.
But, Water in Water Tank can be heated continuously evaporation to said system in the process of running, and water tank water can only maintain system
Operation 72 hours, and correlative study shows the heat transfer outside a tube coefficient of passive containment heat exchanger well below intraductal heat exchange system
Number, low derivation (Jeon, B.G., NO, H.C., the 2014.Thermal- for hindering heat in containment of steam condensation efficiency
hydraulic evaluation of passive containment cooling system of improved APR+
during LOCAs.Nuclear Engineering and Design 278,190-198)。
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide enabling passive containment thermal conduction system efficiently to run for a long time, and then
Ensure a kind of long-term efficient passive containment cooling of use spraying technique of the last one barrier long-term integrity of nuclear power station
System.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this：
A kind of long-term efficient Passive containment cooling system of use spraying technique of the present invention, it is characterized in that：Including peace
Full shell, the heat exchanger being arranged at the containment inside containment Nei, the external heat-exchanging water tank of containment being arranged at outside containment,
Upper pipeline section, lower tube section, the first heat-extraction system entrance of lower tube section one end external heat-exchanging water tank bottom of connection containment, the other end are stretched
Enter in containment and connect containment built-in heat exchanger entrance, the of the upper external heat-exchanging water tank bottom of pipeline section one end connection containment
One heat-extraction system is exported, and the other end is stretched into containment and connects the outlet of containment built-in heat exchanger；
Headroom air cooler is set in the headroom of the external heat-exchanging water tank of containment, and the headroom air cooler includes setting
Pipe bundle heat exchanger in the headroom of the external heat-exchanging water tank of containment, the side wall of the external heat-exchanging water tank of containment be respectively provided with every
Hydroecium, steam-air injection apparatus, install suction line in water proof room, suction line connection descending branch, descending branch connection is located at
Ascent stage in the hydrospace of the external heat-exchanging water tank of containment, suction line is respectively communicated with the external world with steam-air injection apparatus
Air, the entrance connection ascent stage of pipe bundle heat exchanger, the outlet steam-air injection apparatus of pipe bundle heat exchanger.
The present invention can also include：
The 1st, hydrospace air cooler is set in the hydrospace of the external heat-exchanging water tank of containment, and hydrospace air cooler includes baffling
Plate, hydrospace heat exchanger, single deflection plate are the loop configuration of opening, are set by the way of nested between deflection plate and deflection plate
Put, the aperture position of two neighboring deflection plate is conversely, form annular flow passage, hydrospace heat exchanger is arranged on adjacent two
Between deflection plate, the first heat-extraction system entrance is located at the center of hydrospace air cooler, and the outlet of the first heat-extraction system is located at water
Space air cooler outside.
2nd, the steam-air injection apparatus include be sequentially connected increaser, injection apparatus entrance end socket, converging transition,
Throat, divergent segment, increaser connection pipe bundle heat exchanger, set reducing pipe in injection apparatus entrance end socket, reducing pipe one end is stretched into
To converging transition, the other end is extend out in the headroom of the external heat-exchanging water tank of containment outside injection apparatus entrance end socket.
3rd, the steam-air injection apparatus includes the converging transition, throat, the divergent segment that are sequentially connected, pipe bundle heat exchanger
Outlet is stretched in converging transition, and converging transition is communicated with the headroom of the external heat-exchanging water tank of containment.
4th, the heat exchanger in the containment includes influent header, small coils light pipe, outlet header, small coils light pipe difference
Connection influent header and outlet header, set containment built-in heat exchanger entrance on influent header, safety is set on outlet header
Shell built-in heat exchanger is exported.
5th, containment built-in heat exchanger side sets drainage plate, and drainage plate forms funnel wide at the top and narrow at the bottom with containment inwall
Shape gas flow channel；The section of deflection plate opening increases successively from bottom to top.
Advantage of the invention is that：
1) Passive containment cooling system is divided into two-stage heat-extraction system, and first order heat-extraction system will be pacified using Natural Circulation
Heat in full shell enters the external heat-exchanging water tank of containment, and second level heat-extraction system will be exchanged heat using steam-air injection apparatus
Heat in water tank enters external environment.
2) steam-air injection apparatus and air cooler are introduced in containment external water tank, is added in jet pipe by steam
Speed flowing produce ejector action in aerial cooler gas circulation additional driving force is provided, it is cold so to strengthen air cooler
But efficiency, reduces water tank water evaporation.
3) ring baffle plate is provided with around the air cooler of Water in Water Tank space, by the multiple baffling of Water in Water Tank strengthening sky
Cooler heat transfer effect, reduces first order heat-extraction system inlet water temperature and then strengthens first order heat-extraction system exchange capability of heat.
4) small coils light pipe is introduced in passive containment heat exchanger, heat convection in pipe is improved by Secondary Flow, led to
Reduction incoagulable gas is crossed in the aggregation enhancing out-tubular condensing heat exchange of pipe outer wall face.
5) drainage plate is set in heat exchanger side, can so promotes large space gas to circulate, it is attached by increasing heat exchanger
Nearly gas flow rate strengthens condensing heat-exchange.
6) when coolant circuit or main steam pipe occur cut accident, system efficiently can be taken away in containment for a long time
Heat, it is ensured that in containment temperature, pressure be in safety limit within.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the invention；
Fig. 2 is drainage plate schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 a are small coils light heat exchange of heat pipe front views, and Fig. 3 b are small coils light heat exchange of heat pipe side views；
Fig. 4 is headroom coil pipe air cooler schematic diagram (side view)；
Fig. 5 is headroom coil pipe air cooler schematic diagram (top view)；
Fig. 6 is that headroom inclines light pipe bundle air cooler schematic diagram (side view)；
Fig. 7 is that headroom inclines light pipe bundle air cooler schematic diagram (top view)；
Fig. 8 is hydrospace coil pipe air cooler schematic diagram (side view)；
Fig. 9 is hydrospace coil pipe air cooler schematic diagram (top view)；
Figure 10 is hydrospace annular bundle air cooler schematic diagram (side view)；
Figure 11 is hydrospace annular bundle air cooler schematic diagram (top view)；
Figure 12 is deflection plate opening form schematic diagram；
Figure 13 is the schematic diagram of the first steam-air injection apparatus；
Figure 14 is second schematic diagram of steam-air injection apparatus；
Figure 15 is second level heat-extraction system import and export mix schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Illustrate below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the present invention is described in more detail：
With reference to Fig. 1-15, the present invention provides a kind of long-term efficient passive containment thermal conduction system.The system bag
Include the external heat-exchanging water tank 5 of containment built-in heat exchanger 1, drainage plate 2, upper pipeline section 3, lower tube section 4, containment, aerial cooler 6,
The pipeline valve of water tank deflection plate 7, steam-air injection apparatus 8 and correlation.Wherein, containment built-in heat exchanger 1 with it is upper and lower
Pipeline section 3,4 constitutes first order heat-extraction system, and it is entered in containment external water tank the heat in containment using Natural Circulation；
Air cooler 6, steam-air injection apparatus 8 and its corresponding pipe, valve in external water tank 5 constitute the second level of cooling system
Heat-extraction system, environment (ultimate heat sink) is entered by the heat in external heat-exchanging water tank.
Operation principle of the invention is as follows：When there is cut accident in reactor-loop or main steam pipe, great Liang Gao
Warm high steam is spurted into containment headroom 9, causes containment internal temperature pressure constantly to raise.In the initial rank spurted
Section, the temperature and pressure in containment is mainly alleviated by the accumulation of heat of reactor pit 10 and the concrete structure of containment wall 11；
Spurt the later stage, waste heat is mainly derived by containment built-in heat exchanger 1 in containment.
In accident evolution, the high-temperature gas density spurted from cut is relatively low, and it is under initial kinetic energy and buoyancy
Flowed up along containment headroom main flow.Gas after heat exchanger is condensed around increases because of density, along containment wall towards
Lower flowing, such gas is formed in containment large space and circulated.To stablize above-mentioned circulation, and accelerate gas near heat transfer zone
Flow velocity, in heat exchanger side, near wall installs drainage plate 2 (such as Fig. 2).Gas is strengthened by accelerating to wash away heat exchanger outside wall surface
Out-tubular condensing exchanges heat.After heat exchanger 1 and rising pipeline section 3 are heated, its internal water density reduces, in the cold and hot pipeline section 3,4 of heat exchanger
Under the driving pressure that density contrast is formed, first order heat-extraction system forms Natural Circulation, persistently takes away containment internal heat.
For first order heat-extraction system, Water in Water Tank 12 is by the first heat-extraction system entrance 13 and declines pipeline section 4 into safety
Shell built-in heat exchanger 1 derives waste heat in containment, and the cooling agent after being heated is along rising pipeline section 3 and the outlet of first order heat-extraction system
14 enter the external heat-exchanging water tank 5 of containment.To increase first order heat-extraction system exchange capability of heat, containment built-in heat exchanger 1 is used
Augmentation of heat transfer structure.It is specifically included：Horizontally disposed influent header 15, vertically/small coils light pipe 16 for being in tilted layout are (as schemed
And horizontally disposed outlet header 17 3).Small coils not only can increase intraductal heat transfer ability but also can by the formation Secondary Flow in pipe
Exchanged heat with strengthening out-tubular condensing along the aggregation of vertical tube wall with the outer incoagulable gas of release pipe.Transported for a long time in first order heat-extraction system
During row, Water in Water Tank 12 is gradually heated to saturation and produces a large amount of steam.This stage, second level heat-extraction system is gradually played
Effect.
For second level heat-extraction system, its aerial cooler is respectively arranged in water tank headroom 18 and hydrospace 19.
Headroom air cooler 20 is empty in water tank gas using multigroup coil pipe/inclination light pipe pipe bundle heat exchanger 21,22 dispersed placements
Between with condensing gas headspace vapor (such as Fig. 4-7).Its in the course of the work, outside air 23 passes through the suction line 24 that is in tilted layout
And descending branch 25, ascent stage 26 take away water tank steam condensation heat release into headroom air cooler 20, air cooler outlet connects steam-sky
Gas spraying device 8.
Using some groups (such as three groups), the toroidal light-pipe of equal diameter coil pipe 28/ does not restrain 29 heat exchangers to hydrospace air cooler 27.
These hydrospace heat exchangers are nested together to form multiple annular heat-transfer surfaces and enter saliva to first order heat-extraction system and cooled down (such as
Fig. 8-11), its course of work is identical with headroom air cooler 20.To maximally utilize air cooler exchange capability of heat, in hydrospace peace
Equipped with deflection plate 30.These deflection plates are using loop configuration and are located at hydrospace air cooler annular heat-transfer pipe both sides.They are unilateral
It is open and two neighboring deflection plate aperture position by first order heat-extraction system inlet region conversely, is divided into multiple annular flow passages
31.Water in Water Tank is realized to the sufficiently transverse of air cooler heat exchange pipe before first order heat-extraction system entrance is entered by repeatedly turning back
Wash away.Circular passage opening section 32 increases (such as Figure 12) to realize that top has more water to enter ring successively from bottom to top
Shape passage, runner reclaimed water can realize exchanging the parallel baffled of heat pipe during flowing downward, and deflection plate is highly slightly below water
The outlet of case water level and outermost deflection plate aperture position away from first order heat-extraction system.
To ensure that air cooler has certain passive natural circulation ability during low-power, declines in air cooler suction line
Water proof room 33 is provided with around section 25 it is incubated to ensure that cold and hot pipeline section has enough temperature difference.Additionally, at descending branch end
End is provided with hydrophobic pipeline 34 and isolating valve 35, it may be necessary to carry out hydrophobic.
When first order heat-extraction system produces a large amount of steam, the effect of steam-air injection apparatus gradually strengthens.The present invention
Steam-air injection apparatus used is tapered divergent structure, and it specifically includes converging transition 36, throat 37 and divergent segment 38.According to
The difference of structure distribution, it can be divided into two classes.A kind of structure is that the steam 39 that first order heat-extraction system is produced passes through reducing pipe 40
The air in the injection second level heat-extraction system of injection apparatus converging transition 36 is passed through in the axial direction, and aerial cooler outlet 41 passes through
Increaser 42 is connected with injection apparatus entrance end socket 43, and the air collected in end socket is mixed by injection from circumference into injection apparatus
Room (such as Figure 13)；Another structure is the steam 39 that produces of first order heat-extraction system enters the injection of injector throat 37 the from circumferential
Air in two grades of heat-extraction systems, air cooler outlet 41 is located on the axis of the end of converging transition 36 (such as Figure 14).By steam-
The evaporation capacity that the injection of air jet system can improve air velocity enhancing exchange capability of heat and then reduction steam in air cooler is protected
Card system longtime running.
Extraneous rainwater/biology etc. enters the external heat-exchanging water tank of containment, the second level heat-extraction system when being disabled for anti-locking system
Suction line 23 and outlet line 44 are in tilted layout by certain angle with horizontal direction and entrance end is located at lower position.This
Outward, outer close interior thin two-layer biological shielding net 45,46 (such as Figure 15) is installed in import and export.
Aerial cooler is divided into two classes on the arrangement form of space, one type be arranged in heat-exchanging water tank top headroom with
Cooling vapor, it is another kind of to be arranged in first order heat-extraction system entrance top hydrospace to be lowered into first order heat-extraction system
Cooling agent water temperature, the import and export of this two classes aerial cooler are located at the week side of boss wall of heat-exchanging water tank four.
Aerial cooler includes multigroup coil pipe/inclination light pipe pipe bundle heat exchanger, and dispersed placement is in whole water tank headroom, water
Space air cooler uses the coil pipe/toroidal light-pipe pipe bundle heat exchanger of multigroup different-diameter, and these hydrospace heat exchangers are mutually nested
The air cooler of the multiple annular heat-transfer surfaces of formation, above-mentioned hydrospace and headroom can be used alone and can also be used in series.
The external heat-exchanging water tank of containment uses concrete substrate surface lined steel plate, stainless steel surfaces to coat water-fast and water vapour
Corrosion material, its maximum working pressure is in 0.1~0.3MPa (absolute pressure).
Heat exchanger side drainage plate is welded to form by the stainless steel plate of 9 pieces of different areas, the stainless steel plate used by it according to
Different intensity requirements can use flat board/pleat plate, drainage plate to be located at heat exchanger near main flow headroom side and and containment wall
Face forms funnel-shaped gas flow channel wide at the top and narrow at the bottom together.
The air inlet of second level heat-extraction system, is entered using Large Diameter Pipeline lower resistance structure and by reducing pipe with air cooler
Mouthful pipeline is connected, air inlet be in tilted layout by certain angle using bottom tapered configuration and horizontal plane (arrival end be located at compared with
Lower position).
The air exhaust port of second level heat-extraction system, its top connection injector outlet, end penetrates external heat-exchanging water tank
Side wall is connected with air, and it is respectively positioned on more than cistern water level with air inlet and is in tilted layout (import/export is located at lower position)
And outer close interior thin two-layer biology separation net is arranged at import/exhaust mouth.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of long-term efficient Passive containment cooling system of use spraying technique, it is characterized in that：Including containment, set
The heat exchanger in containment inside containment, the external heat-exchanging water tank of containment being arranged at outside containment, upper pipeline section, under
Pipeline section, the first heat-extraction system entrance of lower tube section one end external heat-exchanging water tank bottom of connection containment, the other end stretches into containment
In and connect containment built-in heat exchanger entrance, the first heat extraction system of the upper external heat-exchanging water tank bottom of pipeline section one end connection containment
System outlet, the other end is stretched into containment and connects the outlet of containment built-in heat exchanger；
Headroom air cooler is set in the headroom of the external heat-exchanging water tank of containment, and the headroom air cooler includes being arranged at peace
Pipe bundle heat exchanger in the headroom of the external heat-exchanging water tank of full shell, the side wall of the external heat-exchanging water tank of containment is respectively provided with water proof
Room, steam-air injection apparatus, install suction line in water proof room, suction line connection descending branch, descending branch connection is located at peace
Ascent stage in the hydrospace of the external heat-exchanging water tank of full shell, suction line is respectively communicated with extraneous sky with steam-air injection apparatus
Gas, the entrance connection ascent stage of pipe bundle heat exchanger, the outlet steam-air injection apparatus of pipe bundle heat exchanger.
2. the long-term efficient Passive containment cooling system of a kind of use spraying technique according to claim 1, it is special
Levying is：Hydrospace air cooler is set in the hydrospace of the external heat-exchanging water tank of containment, and hydrospace air cooler includes that deflection plate, water are empty
Between heat exchanger, single deflection plate be opening loop configuration, set by the way of nested between deflection plate and deflection plate, it is adjacent
Two aperture positions of deflection plate are conversely, form annular flow passage, hydrospace heat exchanger is arranged on two adjacent deflection plates
Between, the first heat-extraction system entrance is located at the center of hydrospace air cooler, and it is empty that the outlet of the first heat-extraction system is located at hydrospace
Cooler outside.
3. the long-term efficient Passive containment cooling system of a kind of use spraying technique according to claim 1 and 2, its
It is characterized in：The steam-air injection apparatus includes the increaser, injection apparatus entrance end socket, converging transition, the larynx that are sequentially connected
Portion, divergent segment, increaser connection pipe bundle heat exchanger, set reducing pipe in injection apparatus entrance end socket, reducing pipe one end stretches to
Converging transition, the other end is extend out in the headroom of the external heat-exchanging water tank of containment outside injection apparatus entrance end socket.
4. the long-term efficient Passive containment cooling system of a kind of use spraying technique according to claim 1 and 2, its
It is characterized in：The steam-air injection apparatus includes the converging transition, throat, the divergent segment that are sequentially connected, the outlet of pipe bundle heat exchanger
Stretch in converging transition, converging transition is communicated with the headroom of the external heat-exchanging water tank of containment.
5. the long-term efficient Passive containment cooling system of a kind of use spraying technique according to claim 1 and 2, its
It is characterized in：Heat exchanger in the containment includes influent header, small coils light pipe, outlet header, and small coils light pipe connects respectively
Logical influent header and outlet header, set containment built-in heat exchanger entrance on influent header, containment is set on outlet header
Built-in heat exchanger is exported.
6. the long-term efficient Passive containment cooling system of a kind of use spraying technique according to claim 3, it is special
Levying is：Heat exchanger in the containment includes influent header, small coils light pipe, outlet header, and small coils light pipe is respectively communicated with
Influent header and outlet header, set containment built-in heat exchanger entrance on influent header, set in containment on outlet header
Put heat exchanger exit.
7. the long-term efficient Passive containment cooling system of a kind of use spraying technique according to claim 4, it is special
Levying is：Heat exchanger in the containment includes influent header, small coils light pipe, outlet header, and small coils light pipe is respectively communicated with
Influent header and outlet header, set containment built-in heat exchanger entrance on influent header, set in containment on outlet header
Put heat exchanger exit.
8. the long-term efficient Passive containment cooling system of a kind of use spraying technique according to claim 1 and 2, its
It is characterized in：Containment built-in heat exchanger side sets drainage plate, and drainage plate forms infundibulate wide at the top and narrow at the bottom with containment inwall
Gas flow channel；The section of deflection plate opening increases successively from bottom to top.
9. the long-term efficient Passive containment cooling system of a kind of use spraying technique according to claim 3, it is special
Levying is：Containment built-in heat exchanger side sets drainage plate, and drainage plate forms infundibulate gas wide at the top and narrow at the bottom with containment inwall
Body flow channel；The section of deflection plate opening increases successively from bottom to top.
10. the long-term efficient Passive containment cooling system of a kind of use spraying technique according to claim 4, it is special
Levying is：Containment built-in heat exchanger side sets drainage plate, and drainage plate forms infundibulate gas wide at the top and narrow at the bottom with containment inwall
Body flow channel；The section of deflection plate opening increases successively from bottom to top.
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