CN103730170A - Accident mitigation device capable of reinforcing heat-removal performance of containment vessel - Google Patents
Accident mitigation device capable of reinforcing heat-removal performance of containment vessel Download PDFInfo
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- CN103730170A CN103730170A CN201310747485.6A CN201310747485A CN103730170A CN 103730170 A CN103730170 A CN 103730170A CN 201310747485 A CN201310747485 A CN 201310747485A CN 103730170 A CN103730170 A CN 103730170A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to an accident mitigation device capable of reinforcing the heat-removal performance of a containment vessel. The accident mitigation device is arranged on the inner wall surface of the containment vessel, and is characterized by comprising a thermal conduction substrate and a hydrophobic microscopic structure layer, wherein the thermal conduction substrate is attached on the inner wall surface of the containment vessel; the hydrophobic microscopic structure layer is arranged on the surface of the thermal conduction substrate and used for allowing the surface of the accident mitigation device to have hydrophobic property, so that in the case of serious accident, steam formed by a coolant contacts with the surface of the accident mitigation device with the hydrophobic property, and then condensed beads can be formed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to nuclear plant safety equipment and technical field, particularly the non-active heat release of a kind of nuclear plant severe accident.Specifically, be when the major accident of super design reference appears in nuclear power station, utilize the device with stronger heat transmission function, discharge in time heat, guarantee the integrality of containment.
Background technology
Containment is nuclear power station while having an accident, and prevents last one barrier that radiomaterial leaks, and nuclear plant safety is had to very important meaning.So for following reactor nuclear power station, after its reactor core increase, increased power must cause accident, the interior mass-energy of containment discharges increase, promptly discharges in time heat in shell, is to need the major issue of consideration during nuclear power station designs.Solve the accident mitigation problem that large break, main steam line break etc. under major accident operating mode, must there is a kind of can generation under the operating mode of major accident, the fast direct heat in containment that runs in, guarantee that in containment, temperature, pressure are no more than the method that designs tolerance zone, thereby the integrality that keeps containment, finally guarantees the safety of nuclear power station and even surrounding environment.
According to the operation characteristic of containment cooling system, in shell, heat mainly transports to outside by the coupling of the physical phenomenons such as the outer liquid film evaporation of water recovery in shell, the heat conduction of box hat wall and shell, thereby reduces the internal pressure of containment.Wherein, containment wall and near fluid thereof are the main carriers that heat sets out, and the efficient heat transfer in shell wall is of crucial importance to realizing containment cooling system function.The mode of condensing of steam can be divided into film condensation and dropwise condensation.The steel containment vessel of prior art and common coatings surface all show as hydrophilic nmature, and the mode of condensing is film condensation, and steam condensation can only carry out on liquid film.This mode heat exchange efficiency that condenses is low, has potential safety hazard.
Summary of the invention
With respect to film condensation, dropwise condensation is a kind of high efficient heat exchanging mode, and heat exchange is directly carried out on liquid bead surface and exposed wall, and its coefficient of heat transfer is than the high 1-2 of a film condensation order of magnitude, heat removal capacity that can efficient hardening containment.Therefore, a kind of hydrophobic or super-hydrophobic containment wall that can realize efficient dropwise condensation heat transfer has great importance.
Therefore, while the object of the invention is to propose a kind of nuclear plant severe accident, strengthen the accident mitigation device of containment heat extraction performance, when the major accident operating mode of nuclear power station generation beyond design basis accident, containment internal pressure and temperature are reduced to acceptable level, to keep the integrality of containment.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: the accident mitigation device of a kind of intensified safety shell heat extraction, comprise heat-conducting substrate, it is characterized in that: also comprise hydrophobicity micromechanism layer, this hydrophobicity micromechanism layer is arranged on the surface of heat-conducting substrate, and above-mentioned accident mitigation device is arranged on the internal face of steel containment vessel; When there is major accident, carry out safety guarantee function.
Described hydrophobicity micromechanism layer is at least one material in C, C compound, Si, Si compound, Zn, Zn compound, Zn alloy, Ga, Ga compound, B, B compound, Cu, Cu compound, Cu alloy, Al, Al compound, Al alloy, Mg, Mg compound, Mg alloy, Ag, Ag alloy, Fe, Fe alloy, Pb, Pb alloy, Ni, Ni alloy, Sn, Sn alloy.
Described hydrophobicity micromechanism layer at least one structure in projection, groove, hole micro nano structure forms.
Described micro nano structure has at least one structure in ball-type, spheroid shape, ball crown type, column type, cast, pyramid type, prismoid shaped, sheet stratotype, aciculiform.
The height of described micro nano structure or the degree of depth are between 500 nanometers to 1000 micron, and halfwidth degree is between 20 nanometers to 200 micron, and adjacent micro nano structure spacing is between 100 nanometers to 500 micron.
Optionally, described accident mitigation device also comprises the low-surface-energy chemical modification layer that is arranged on hydrophobicity micromechanism layer surface.The material surface energy of described low-surface-energy chemical modification layer is at 5 to 100 mJ/m
2.Favourable, the material of described low-surface-energy chemical modification layer is siloxane or fluorochemicals.
The invention has the advantages that:
1) principle of utilizing roughness to amplify hydrophobic effect forms hydrophobic even super-hydrophobic surface, thereby under accident conditions, reduce or avoid the formation of liquid film, by efficient dropwise condensation heat transfer process, containment pressure and temperature is reduced to acceptable level, effectively keeps the integrality of containment.
2) apparatus structure of the present invention's employing is simple, cost is low, enforcement is convenient, and stable performance, reliable.
3) device that the present invention adopts has hydrophobic surface, and the self_cleaning effect having by hydrophobic surface is conducive to keep containment wall to clean and prevents wall corrosion.
4) the present invention adopts non-active device to strengthen heat discharge in containment, does not rely on external impetus supply completely, has improved the inherent safety of nuclear power station.
The present invention also provides following technical scheme:
1. an accident mitigation device for intensified safety shell heat extraction, described accident mitigation device is arranged on the internal face of containment, it is characterized in that, and described accident mitigation device comprises:
Heat-conducting substrate, heat-conducting substrate is attached on the internal face of containment, and
Hydrophobicity micromechanism layer, described hydrophobicity micromechanism layer is arranged on the surface of heat-conducting substrate, it is for making the surface of accident mitigation device have hydrophobic property, thereby in the situation that there is major accident, when the steam being formed by cooling medium touches accident mitigation device surperficial with hydrophobic property, form dropwise condensation.
2. according to the accident mitigation device described in scheme 1, it is characterized in that, described hydrophobicity micromechanism layer at least one micro nano structure in projection micro nano structure, groove micro nano structure, hole micro nano structure forms.
3. according to the accident mitigation device described in scheme 2, it is characterized in that, described hydrophobicity micromechanism is at least one structure or the multiple composite structure in ball-type, spheroid shape, ball crown type, column type, cast, pyramid type, prismoid shaped, sheet stratotype, aciculiform.
4. according to the accident mitigation device described in scheme 2, it is characterized in that, the height of described micro nano structure or the degree of depth are between 500 nanometers to 1000 micron, and halfwidth degree is between 20 nanometers to 200 micron, and adjacent micro nano structure spacing is between 100 nanometers to 500 micron.
5. according to the accident mitigation device described in scheme 1, it is characterized in that, described hydrophobicity micromechanism layer is at least one in C, C compound, Si, Si compound, Zn, Zn compound, Zn alloy, Ga, Ga compound, B, B compound, Cu, Cu compound, Cu alloy, Al, Al compound, Al alloy, Mg, Mg compound, Mg alloy, Ag, Ag alloy, Fe, Fe alloy, Pb, Pb alloy, Ni, Ni alloy, Sn, Sn alloy.
6. according to the accident mitigation device described in scheme 1, it is characterized in that, described accident mitigation device also comprises the low-surface-energy chemical modification layer that is arranged on hydrophobicity micromechanism layer surface.
7. a containment for heat rejection enhancement, is characterized in that, it comprises:
Containment, and
Accident mitigation device, described accident mitigation device is arranged on the internal face of containment, and described accident mitigation device comprises:
Heat-conducting substrate, heat-conducting substrate is attached on the internal face of containment, and
Hydrophobicity micromechanism layer, described hydrophobicity micromechanism layer is arranged on the surface of heat-conducting substrate, it is for making the surface of accident mitigation device have hydrophobic property, thereby in the situation that there is major accident, when the steam being formed by cooling medium touches accident mitigation device surperficial with hydrophobic property, form dropwise condensation.
8. according to the containment described in scheme 7, it is characterized in that, described hydrophobicity micromechanism layer at least one micro nano structure in projection micro nano structure, groove micro nano structure, hole micro nano structure forms.
9. according to the containment described in scheme 7, it is characterized in that, described hydrophobicity micromechanism layer is at least one in C, C compound, Si, Si compound, Zn, Zn compound, Zn alloy, Ga, Ga compound, B, B compound, Cu, Cu compound, Cu alloy, Al, Al compound, Al alloy, Mg, Mg compound, Mg alloy, Ag, Ag alloy, Fe, Fe alloy, Pb, Pb alloy, Ni, Ni alloy, Sn, Sn alloy.
10. a nuclear plant safety equipment for heat rejection enhancement, is characterized in that, it comprises:
Containment;
Concrete shield factory building, it has air intake, air baffle, air out, and the air entering from air intake, through air baffle, carries out natural convection cooling, and the air of natural convection enters atmosphere finally by air out; And
Accident mitigation device, described accident mitigation device is arranged on the internal face of containment, and described accident mitigation device comprises:
Heat-conducting substrate, heat-conducting substrate is attached on the internal face of containment, and
Hydrophobicity micromechanism layer, described hydrophobicity micromechanism layer is arranged on the surface of heat-conducting substrate, it is for making the surface of accident mitigation device have hydrophobic property, thereby in the situation that there is major accident, when the steam being formed by cooling medium touches accident mitigation device surperficial with hydrophobic property, form dropwise condensation.
From detailed description provided below, other exemplary embodiment of the present invention will become clear.Although it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples disclose exemplary embodiment of the present invention, it is only descriptive object, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Term definition:
The term " imbibition characteristic " using in this application refers to water wettability and hydrophobicity, and for example, " enhancing imbibition characteristic " used herein refers to and make water wetted material more hydrophilic, and hydrophobic material is more hydrophobic.Particularly, " enhancing imbibition characteristic " refers to enhancing hydrophobic property in this application.
The term " halfwidth degree " using in this application refers to the width that height (or degree of depth) half place has.For example, in the application's a embodiment, halfwidth degree refers to the width that prismoid shaped projection has in half height place.For example, in another embodiment of the application, halfwidth degree refers to the width that prismoid shaped groove has in half degree of depth place.
In addition, unless otherwise defined, otherwise the implication of all scientific and technical terminologies used herein is the same with the common understanding of those skilled in the art in the invention.If conflict occurs, with this instructions and the definition that comprises thereof, be as the criterion.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with Figure of description, describe the present invention.Figure of description might not be in strict accordance with ratio, draw and Figure of description be only schematic diagram.In the application's Figure of description, use same or analogous Reference numeral to represent same or analogous element.
Fig. 1 is the accident mitigation device schematic diagram according to intensified safety shell of the present invention heat extraction, and wherein accident mitigation Plant arrangement is on the internal face of containment; And
Fig. 2 is the local enlarged diagram of A part in Fig. 1.
Reference numerals list
1. containment
2. heat-conducting substrate
3. hydrophobicity micromechanism layer
4. concrete shield factory building
5. air baffle
6. air intake
7. air out
8. accident mitigation device.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, concrete structure of the present invention, the course of work and preferred forms are described further.Following examples are intended to explain the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
The invention provides a kind of nuclear power plant accident relieving apparatus of augmentation of heat transfer.With reference to Fig. 1, it shows one embodiment of the present of invention.As shown in Figure 1, at the interior placement containment 1 of concrete shield factory building 4, it is for example steel.Fig. 1 also shows the cooling system of non-passive safety shell, concrete shield factory building 4 has air intake 6, and concrete shield factory building 4 is provided with air baffle 5, the air entering from air intake 6 enters through air baffle 5, thus the shell of touch-safe shell 1.It is cooling that the air being entered by air intake 6 carries out natural convection, and the air of natural convection enters atmosphere finally by the air out 7 of concrete shield factory building 4.
Continuation is with reference to Fig. 1 and with reference to Fig. 2, and as shown in Figure 1, accident mitigation device 8 according to an embodiment of the invention is arranged on the internal face of containment 1.Fig. 2 is the local enlarged diagram of the A part of Fig. 1.The accident mitigation device 8 of this intensified safety shell heat extraction mainly comprises heat-conducting substrate 2 and hydrophobicity micromechanism layer 3.Heat-conducting substrate 2 is attached on the internal face of containment 1 by modes such as welding, for example heat-conducting substrate 2 preferably adopts SA738 carbon steel sheet, itself and containment 1 have good welding performance, in other embodiments of the invention, heat-conducting substrate 2 also can adopt other suitable material, in addition in other embodiments of the invention, also can use other suitable combinations.
Specifically as shown in Figure 2, hydrophobicity micromechanism layer 3 is arranged on the surface of heat-conducting substrate 2.According to one embodiment of present invention, hydrophobicity micromechanism layer 3 is comprised of a plurality of projections, and described a plurality of projections can be according to concrete applicable cases and sequentially or with certain arranged in patterns.In other embodiments of the invention, a plurality of projections can random alignment.The micro nano structure of surfacing can strengthen imbibition characteristic.In order to improve surface hydrophobic, preferably, described hydrophobicity micromechanism layer 3 is comprised of the micro nano structure of projection, but also can consist of groove and hole micro nano structure.The micro nano structure of described projection has at least one structure or the multiple composite structure in ball-type, spheroid shape, ball crown type, column type, cast, pyramid type, prismoid shaped, sheet stratotype, aciculiform.More preferably, the micro nano structure of projection is prismoid shaped, thereby makes Stability Analysis of Structures and be easy to processing.
For further optimizing surface hydrophobic property, the height of micro nano structure or the degree of depth, between 500 nanometers to 1000 micron, halfwidth degree is between 20 nanometers to 200 micron, and adjacent micro nano structure spacing is between 100 nanometers to 500 micron.Preferably, micro nano structure height is 5 to 50 microns, and halfwidth degree is 3 to 30 microns, and adjacent micromechanism spacing is 5 to 50 microns.
The material of low-surface-energy has super-hydrophobic surface infiltration characteristic.Therefore,, in order to obtain super hydrophobic surface, it can be 5 to 100 mJ/m that surface is set on hydrophobicity micromechanism layer 3 surface
2low-surface-energy chemical modification layer.Preferably, the material of low-surface-energy chemical modification layer is siloxane.In other embodiments of the invention, chemical modification layer can be also fluorochemicals.
While there is major accident, because refrigerant injection is to containment 1 inner space, form a large amount of steam, cause the temperature and pressure of containment 1 inside to raise.When steam touches accident mitigation device 8 surface with hydrophobic property, form dropwise condensation.Compare with common film condensation, dropwise condensation heat transfer is directly carried out on liquid bead surface and exposed wall, and its coefficient of heat transfer, than the high 1-2 of a film condensation order of magnitude, has been strengthened the heat removal capacity of containment 1.Condensed liquid flows back to containment bottom, and its heat passes to steel containment vessel 1 outside surface, the moisture film that the outside surface of containment 1 is formed in containment outside wall surface by chilled water is cooling, heat is finally cooling via the natural convection air between air intake 6, air baffle 5 and steel containment vessel 1, and the air of natural convection enters atmosphere finally by the air out 7 of concrete shield factory building 4.
The chemical composition of surfacing affects the wellability of drop.Therefore, in order to obtain the hydrophobic surface of intrinsic, this hydrophobicity micromechanism layer 3 can be at least one material in C, C compound, Si, Si compound, Zn, Zn compound, Zn alloy, Ga, Ga compound, B, B compound, Cu, Cu compound, Cu alloy, Al, Al compound, Al alloy, Mg, Mg compound, Mg alloy, Ag, Ag alloy, Fe, Fe alloy, Pb, Pb alloy, Ni, Ni alloy, Sn, Sn alloy.Preferably, hydrophobicity micromechanism layer 3 is Cu compound.More preferably, Cu compound is CuO, thereby makes hydrophobicity micromechanism layer 3 preparation technology simple, with low cost.
Embodiment is above only illustrative rather than restrictive.Therefore,, in the situation that not departing from invention disclosed herein design, those skilled in the art can modify or change above-described embodiment.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention is only limited by the scope of appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. an accident mitigation device for intensified safety shell heat extraction, described accident mitigation device is arranged on the internal face of containment, it is characterized in that, and described accident mitigation device comprises:
Heat-conducting substrate, heat-conducting substrate is attached on the internal face of containment, and
Hydrophobicity micromechanism layer, described hydrophobicity micromechanism layer is arranged on the surface of heat-conducting substrate, it is for making the surface of accident mitigation device have hydrophobic property, thereby in the situation that there is major accident, when the steam being formed by cooling medium touches accident mitigation device surperficial with hydrophobic property, form dropwise condensation.
2. accident mitigation device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described hydrophobicity micromechanism layer at least one micro nano structure in projection micro nano structure, groove micro nano structure, hole micro nano structure forms.
3. accident mitigation device according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described hydrophobicity micromechanism is at least one structure or the multiple composite structure in ball-type, spheroid shape, ball crown type, column type, cast, pyramid type, prismoid shaped, sheet stratotype, aciculiform.
4. accident mitigation device according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the height of described micro nano structure or the degree of depth are between 500 nanometers to 1000 micron, and halfwidth degree is between 20 nanometers to 200 micron, and adjacent micro nano structure spacing is between 100 nanometers to 500 micron.
5. accident mitigation device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described hydrophobicity micromechanism layer is at least one in C, C compound, Si, Si compound, Zn, Zn compound, Zn alloy, Ga, Ga compound, B, B compound, Cu, Cu compound, Cu alloy, Al, Al compound, Al alloy, Mg, Mg compound, Mg alloy, Ag, Ag alloy, Fe, Fe alloy, Pb, Pb alloy, Ni, Ni alloy, Sn, Sn alloy.
6. accident mitigation device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described accident mitigation device also comprises the low-surface-energy chemical modification layer that is arranged on hydrophobicity micromechanism layer surface.
7. a containment for heat rejection enhancement, is characterized in that, it comprises:
Containment, and
Accident mitigation device, described accident mitigation device is arranged on the internal face of containment, and described accident mitigation device comprises:
Heat-conducting substrate, heat-conducting substrate is attached on the internal face of containment, and
Hydrophobicity micromechanism layer, described hydrophobicity micromechanism layer is arranged on the surface of heat-conducting substrate, it is for making the surface of accident mitigation device have hydrophobic property, thereby in the situation that there is major accident, when the steam being formed by cooling medium touches accident mitigation device surperficial with hydrophobic property, form dropwise condensation.
8. containment according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described hydrophobicity micromechanism layer at least one micro nano structure in projection micro nano structure, groove micro nano structure, hole micro nano structure forms.
9. containment according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described hydrophobicity micromechanism layer is at least one in C, C compound, Si, Si compound, Zn, Zn compound, Zn alloy, Ga, Ga compound, B, B compound, Cu, Cu compound, Cu alloy, Al, Al compound, Al alloy, Mg, Mg compound, Mg alloy, Ag, Ag alloy, Fe, Fe alloy, Pb, Pb alloy, Ni, Ni alloy, Sn, Sn alloy.
10. a nuclear plant safety equipment for heat rejection enhancement, is characterized in that, it comprises:
Containment;
Concrete shield factory building, it has air intake, air baffle, air out, and the air entering from air intake, through air baffle, carries out natural convection cooling, and the air of natural convection enters atmosphere finally by air out; And
Accident mitigation device, described accident mitigation device is arranged on the internal face of containment, and described accident mitigation device comprises:
Heat-conducting substrate, heat-conducting substrate is attached on the internal face of containment, and
Hydrophobicity micromechanism layer, described hydrophobicity micromechanism layer is arranged on the surface of heat-conducting substrate, it is for making the surface of accident mitigation device have hydrophobic property, thereby in the situation that there is major accident, when the steam being formed by cooling medium touches accident mitigation device surperficial with hydrophobic property, form dropwise condensation.
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| CN105041010A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2015-11-11 | 华北电力大学 | Floating point type passive nuclear containment with super-hydrophobic surface |
| CN105427902A (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2016-03-23 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Direct evaporative passive self-cooling flow guide plate |
| CN105788673A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2016-07-20 | 国核华清（北京）核电技术研发中心有限公司 | Heat transfer enhancing device and method for nuclear power plant pressure vessel and accident mitigation equipment |
| CN106251917A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2016-12-21 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of tubular type passive air cooling system external disaster preventer |
| CN109256221A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-01-22 | 清华大学 | Grease impregnation surface for spiked reactor containment inner wall condensing heat-exchange |
| CN110813911A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-02-21 | 国核工程有限公司 | Cleaning equipment and method for containment vessel of nuclear power plant and nuclear power plant with cleaning equipment |
| CN112071452A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-12-11 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Nuclear power plant post-accident containment heat exporting system |
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| CN112071452B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2023-02-21 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Nuclear power plant post-accident containment heat exporting system |
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