CN1080426A - The collection of condensation product and circulation in nuclear reactor - Google Patents
The collection of condensation product and circulation in nuclear reactor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1080426A CN1080426A CN93104983A CN93104983A CN1080426A CN 1080426 A CN1080426 A CN 1080426A CN 93104983 A CN93104983 A CN 93104983A CN 93104983 A CN93104983 A CN 93104983A CN 1080426 A CN1080426 A CN 1080426A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- containment structure
- storage bin
- condensation product
- cooling device
- passive cooling
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
A kind of passive cooling device is used for cooling off nuclear reactor under the emergency circumstance, the chilled water of condensation and circulating and evaporating.Reactor places containment structure, has liquid coolant (as the water) storage bin that is communicated in containment structure by the hole, preferably is positioned at containment structure, by being linked in reactor as heat exchanger heat, makes the water explosive evaporatoin in the storage bin take away heat.The steam condensation is in the colder inside surface of containment structure, and storage bin is collected and returned to condensate water by under the run by gravity.Be provided with one or more groove along the containment structure inwall and collect condensation product, and be provided with the piping installation that makes condensation product flow back to storage bin from groove from inwall.
Description
The present invention relates to be recycled and reused for the emergency heat exchange process, thereby too much heat is removed and is passed to a kind of device of containment structure from reactor core from nuclear reactor safety shell structure internal gathering water or other condensation product and circulating condensing thing.
The reactor pressure vessel of dress nuclear fuel in modern times nuclear reactor such as presurized water reactor have, it is connected in a main heap loop, and wherein the fuel cocycle of Main Coolant in reactor vessel is also by a generator, and generator absorbs the energy that fuel is given Main Coolant.Reactor is arranged in the containment structure, its objective is that preventing in the reactor disaster that radioactivity from leaking in the surrounding environment on a large scale goes.For example, if be used for heat is broken down from the main cooling system that reactor core reaches generator, as the main cooling pressure loss because leakage or connecting line rupture, reactor can be overheated fast.Some known reactions piles up and is provided with large-scale reserve tank in the containment structure, so that be used as low-temperature receiver in nuclear accident.The heat exchanger that is arranged in reserve tank reaches the water of storage bin with heat from reactor vessel and fuel, thereby low-temperature receiver and the heat-transfer arrangement of taking away heat from reactor core is provided.
United States Patent (USP) the 34th, 668 discloses a kind of safe cooling device of nuclear reactor in No. 467, wherein, is provided with a huge tanks outside containment structure.Just in case generation nuclear accident, cooling is sent into containment structure from water tank, sprays into from the water spray manifold near the containment structure top, perhaps just pumps in the containment structure, be accumulated in the tank of containment structure bottom, water can be injected until reaching a predetermined liquid level.If accident causes that owing to major loop breaks chilled water will mix with Main Coolant.When liquid coolant reaches the predetermined level height, liquid coolant just from the tank pump to the air outside heat exchanger, and return in the containment structure, this heat interchange circulation is in order to take away heat from reactor core.If necessary can also spray water from water tank.
The effect of cooling water spray is the temperature that reduces nuclear reactor, thereby reduces the pressure in the containment structure.Yet above-mentioned patent requires the water source outside the containment structure, and many facilities as pump and heat exchanger, and these facilities need periodic maintenance.
United States Patent (USP) the 3rd, 929 discloses in No. 567 and a kind ofly can produce the security system of overflow at reactor core when having an accident.Big water gaging is stored in the interior elevated tank of containment structure; Drainage is come out when having an accident.The pressure head that the high position of storage water produces helps to overcome any pressure in the major loop.Once drainage, comprise that the heat interchange circulation that is positioned at the heat exchanger outside the containment structure promptly works to remove excessive heat.Resemble United States Patent (USP) the 4th, 668, No. 467 the same, and this design depends on pump and the valve that makes the overheated exchange cycles of current, and this just needs periodic maintenance, also needs pipeline, the expense of valve and pump.
The low-temperature receiver that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of a certain amount of chilled water form, chilled water can be on containment structure overflow or by the heat-exchange device hot connection in reactor core, yet cooling system provided by the present invention can be collected and recirculated cooling water by a kind of passive (passive delivery) operation format.
In nuclear accident, even the water in the huge tanks can be heated to fluidized state in several hours.Water remains on (assumed stress is constant) on the constant boiling temperature, until heat energy whole water is become gaseous state (water vapour) from liquid state.The water vapour that water boiling in the water tank is produced is put within the containment structure.Because the containment inner wall temperature is lower than steam, Gu Shui condensation and flow to the containment structure bottom and retain there on wall.If there is not the device of recycle-water, the water in the water tank may for example in several days fully evaporation go into containment.If other cooling device is not installed in advance, the temperature of reactor will rise out of control, and reactor core will melt.
In order to reduce operating personnel's dependence and to prevent above-mentioned melting phenomenon, need heat exchanger is worked substantially indefinitely.This just need be in water tank constantly water filling, water injects from external water source, but problem is to keep adding in water tank water in the indefinite substantially time.In addition, a kind of external water source that do not rely on preferably to be arranged, also not rely on pump, passive (passive delivery) water source of the facility that valve and other need repairing for the consideration of reliability.
The invention provides a kind of device of the passive circulating cooling liquid in containment.Liquid coolant condensation in containment structure of evaporation, and containment structure itself utilizes air to circulate naturally and passive (passive) system (United States Patent (USP) the 4th, 753, No. 771) of water evaporates is cooled off by means of a kind of.Condensation product is collected in suitable drop and collects in groove and the pipeline, and turns back to the low-temperature receiver water tank by gravity.Liquid coolant can infinite loop, though also can be by cooling off containment structure from the outside, and do not require outside liquid coolant sources.In addition, the radioactivity that spills in containment structure is still stayed the there, because and do not require the runner that comprises external heat exchanger.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of passive cooling device of nuclear reactor safety shell structure, wherein, when needing the accident of cooled reactor container or reactor core, condensation product is circulated to a water tank that is heated and is used for cooling or replenishes cooling.
Another object of the present invention is the dependence that reduces to greatest extent in the Emergency Cooling System of reactor safety shell structure pump, valve etc.
Another object of the present invention is the service time that prolongs urgent low-temperature receiver water tank by the mode of recovery and circulating condensing thing on the inwall of the containment structure that is placed with urgent low-temperature receiver water tank.
Another object of the present invention is to spray in containment structure with the part of the condensation product that is collected.
The above-mentioned purpose with other of the present invention is to realize by the passive cooling means of following nuclear reactor and device, nuclear reactor is arranged in the containment structure, wherein also be provided with a coolant storage tank, with the reactor core hot connection with draw heat, thereby liquid coolant becomes steam and is released in the safeguard construction.The steam of condensation on the containment structure inwall, because gravity flows downward, by the one or more drop conduit along the inwall setting, groove is accepted the condensation product of at least a portion from inside, makes condensation product return storage bin from groove.Valving can be set condensate flow is delivered to drainage case or coolant storage tank.For typically columnar, have the containment structure of dome, coolant storage tank is arranged on the position that is lower than operating platform in the containment structure, and groove is provided with along the inwall circumference at operating platform place, is communicated with coolant storage tank.At dome another ring-shaped groove is set preferably, is used to accept to tend to the condensation product that drips from dome, the crossbeam place of supporting crane can be provided with another groove in containment structure.Piping installation can comprise a valve, is used for being limited in the condensate flow in the piping installation that is connected in one or more groove on the containment structure high position.Thereby the condensation product of collecting in these grooves can be used for removing the radioactivity in the atmosphere in the containment structure from groove overflow formation passive type spray quinoline.Piping installation can have a branch with purifying box, and chemical addition agent such as a kind of alkali are housed in the purifying box, is used for improving low-temperature receiver water tank (storage bin) capturing and keep somewhere radioiodine.Valving can be used to make selectively condensation product to flow through above-mentioned branch, thereby some chemical addition agents are dissolved in the condensation product, and is delivered to coolant storage tank to influence the situation of liquid coolant.
Preferred embodiment of the present invention has been shown in following accompanying drawing, and still, the present invention obviously is not limited to concrete layout shown in the drawings and means.
Fig. 1 is the passive cooling device according to nuclear reactor of the present invention, and this device is arranged in the containment structure of nuclear reactor;
Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram according to passive cooling device line arrangement of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is according to the pipeline of passive another embodiment of cooling device of the present invention and the synoptic diagram of valve arrangement.
Be shown in Fig. 1 according to the passive cooling device of nuclear reactor of the present invention.Nuclear reactor with core vessel 22 and steam generator 24 is included in the containment structure 26, is provided with storage bin 30 in the containment structure.Storage bin 30 is equipped with liquid coolant such as water, and liquid coolant can be seethed with excitement to absorb excessive heat.Just in case have an accident, coolant storage tank 30 hot connections are in reactor core, and can seethe with excitement under the environmental pressure in the containment 26.
For example, chilled water can be emitted from storage, thus with core vessel 22, with fuel in the core vessel or with the part of main cooling circuit, comprise that the main cooling circuit pipeline 32 that connects core vessel 22 and steam generator 24 carries out thermo-contact.
Just in case have an accident or when detecting the abnormal work state, the control rod that will slow down reaction usually inserts in the fuel assembly of reactor core and shutdown rapidly fully.Yet, also have amount of residual heat will, the situation of shutdown fully may take place.The amount of residual heat will of reactor core is a kind of accident heat load that must take away from reactor core, causes danger or possible fusing avoiding.
In Fig. 1, by in the loop of core vessel 22, cooling tank or title storage bin 30 pass through heat exchanger 34 hot tie-ins in above-mentioned accident heat load at Main Coolant.Main Coolant is by the heating of the reactor fuel in the core vessel 22, thereby because convection current produces a powerful axial flow.Heat exchanger 34 in the storage bin 30 can be connected in core vessel 22 via the pipeline of import of leading to main cooling circuit 32 and outlet side, and valve 36 is got through above-mentioned connection when contingency has an accident.When detecting abnormal conditions by remote sensor 42, in the time of perhaps may producing a kind of control signal when reactor trip or scram, valve 36 can start urgent cooling device.
The inwall 54 of containment structure 26 is cooler than the water vapour of discharging in the storage bin 30 greatly, steam condensation on the inwall 54 of containment structure 26, and owing to the surface of gravity along inwall 54 flows downward.The gathering-device 60 of this condensation product is provided with along inwall 54, so that collect at least some condensation products from inwall, and via pipeline, water pipe, groove and/or similar conduit 62 move to storage bin 30 with the condensation product of collecting from gathering-device.Liquid coolant 50 absorbs heat storage bin 30 when liquid phase becomes gas phase, and when being condensed into liquid on the wall 54 of containment structure 26 release heat, condensed fluid flows back to storage bin 30 again, so repeatedly.
Gathering-device 60 is being provided with around containment structure 26 in full week preferably.For the cylinder containment structure, gathering-device can comprise a groove 64 that circumferentially is provided with along inwall 54 bottoms.For the containment structure that comprises an operating platform, groove 64 operated by rotary motion are on the height of operating platform, and storage bin 30 then is arranged on the lower height, and therefore, the condensation product of collecting returns storage bin 30 because of gravity.Collecting effect can improve by following measure: on the differing heights of the inwall 54 of containment structure 26 many grooves are set, every groove all links to each other with piping installation 62, so that send the water of collecting back to storage bin.A spiral groove also can be set on the differing heights of inwall 54, collect condensation product.
If the inwall of containment structure forms the plate such as the vault 63 of a basic horizontal at the top of containment structure 26, so for this containment structure, gathering-device 60 comprises a groove 72 that is arranged under the vault 68, and its structure is suitable for collecting condensation product from vault.For this purpose, groove 72 can be annular, can comprise the extension that the collection that feeds groove is dripped, and is arranged on specifically under the horizontal position of vault 68.
Containment structure often comprises a beam 74 supporting single-revolution crane (not shown)s, is used for disposing in maintenance operation the reactor part.In this case, gathering-device can comprise a groove 76 that is bearing on the beam 74, is used for collecting the condensation product along inwall 54.That every groove 64,72,76 preferably has a flute profile or other the upside that opens wide is used for and will collects in the groove along the defluent droplets of condensate of containment structure inwall, is back to storage bin 30 downwards by gravity then.
As shown in Figure 2, every groove is connected in a foot of piping installation 62, and piping installation 62 makes the condensate flow of collecting to storage bin 30.Piping installation 62 also can be connected to a vent tank 78 that is arranged between gathering-device 60 and the memotron 30.A relevant valve 82 can be operated so that optionally control condensate flow to vent tank 78 or storage bin 30.
Since relative humidity height in the containment structure 26, and the surface temperature of inwall 54 is low, thereby under the reactor normal operating state, can collect a small amount of condensation product.Under this non-emergent state, condensation product can flow to vent tank 78, and therefore, the condensation product that returns can not influence the chemical property of liquid coolant 50 in the storage bin 30.In accident, valve 82 can move and make condensation product directly flow to storage bin 30.Piping installation 62 can have two or polygon conduit from groove 64,72, and 76 lead to storage bin 30 and vent tank 78.
Passive cooling device can be used for carrying out spray liquid in containment structure so that remove death ash in the atmosphere etc. in the containment.As shown in Figure 3, having piping installation that the embodiment that sprays function comprises has valve 86 and is used for limiting condensate flow in the piping installation 62, use valve 86 restrictions or seal flowing of condensation product in some groove, condensation in these grooves will be built up and overflow from groove, the drop 88 of condensation product falls by the height of the air in the containment structure 26 until operating platform 66, has just removed death ash like this in dropping process.Above-mentioned valve can be controlled automatically, for example opens according to the signal of indication containment high pressure or radioactive remote sensor 42.Above-mentioned valve also can be to resemble used the sort of self set-up type in the fire prevention water spray system.The liquid that accumulates in like this on the operating platform 66 can flow to platform groove 64, so that finally turn back to storage bin 30.
According to another aspect of the present invention, in the flow passage of the condensation product of collecting, can set up the purifying box 92 that holds chemical addition agent.The NaOH of pH regulator agent is housed in the purifying box 92,, thereby collects better and keep to be released in isotopic ion such as iodine (I) in the containment structure 26 so that improve the pH value of liquid coolant 50.In the embodiment shown in fig. 3, piping installation 62 comprises the branch road 94 with purifying box 92 and is used for that condensation product is flow through the valve with branch road of purifying box 92, thereby make part or all chemical addition agent dissolve in condensation product and be delivered to storage bin 30, so that regulate the chemical constitution of liquid coolant 50.
The invention has the advantages that, the urgent cooling water of explosive evaporation is not to use and consume in storage bin, but can reclaim and reuse, so just prolonged the retention time of Emergency Cooling System, and can use individually, or with being used for cooling off the external device (ED) 98(of containment structure as spraying to the current of outer surface) use, perhaps be used as replenishing of other cooling device.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of passive cooling device that is used for nuclear reactor, be substantially enclosed in the containment structure, and has a liquid storage tank that is arranged in the containment structure, hot connection was in the thermal source of nuclear reactor when this storage bin had an accident in contingency, and the liquid coolant that is exposed to the air in the containment structure is housed, thereby the liquid coolant in the storage bin is released in the containment structure with the steam form, and on the containment structure inwall, form condensation product, condensation product is characterized in that because gravity flows downward:
Gathering-device along described inwall setting is used for being collected into the small part condensation product from described inwall; And
Described gathering-device is connected in the piping installation of described storage bin, makes condensation product flow to storage bin in the work, thereby liquid coolant is recycled and reuses from gathering-device.
2, according to the described passive cooling device of claim 1, it is characterized in that: a heat exchanger makes the thermal source of liquid coolant hot connection in nuclear reactor in the storage bin at work.
3, according to the described passive cooling device of claim 1, it is characterized in that: a vent tank that between gathering-device and storage bin, connects with piping installation, and the valving of the connection between described vent tank of open and close and the storage bin selectively at work, described valving is used for just in case storage bin is gone in the vent tank emptying when having an accident.
4, according to the described passive cooling device of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described gathering-device have at least one basic in containment structure is whole the groove of Zhou Yanshen.
5, according to the described passive cooling device of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described gathering-device have many on the differing heights in containment structure the groove of Zhou Yanshen.
6, according to the described passive cooling device of claim 5, it is characterized in that: the inwall of containment structure is columniform, and at least one groove is circumferentially to prolong inwall to extend.
7, according to the described passive cooling device of claim 1, it is characterized in that: containment structure comprises the plate of at least one basic horizontal, and described gathering-device comprises a collection structure that drips that is positioned at below the described basic horizontal plate.
8, according to the described passive cooling device of claim 6, it is characterized in that: described piping installation comprises from the valving of higher at least one groove restriction condensation product flow, thereby the part of condensation product falls by containment structure from the groove overflow.
9, according to the described passive cooling device of claim 1, it is characterized in that: a purifying box is connected in one of described piping installation and described storage bin, and the dress chemical addition agent is used for making the liquid coolant of storage bin to play chemical change in the described purifying box.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/903,639 US5255296A (en) | 1992-06-24 | 1992-06-24 | Collecting and recirculating condensate in a nuclear reactor containment |
| US903,639 | 1992-06-24 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1080426A true CN1080426A (en) | 1994-01-05 |
| CN1051396C CN1051396C (en) | 2000-04-12 |
Family
ID=25417850
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN93104983A Expired - Lifetime CN1051396C (en) | 1992-06-24 | 1993-04-26 | Collecting and recirculating condensate in a nuclear reactor containment |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5255296A (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3121178B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1051396C (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2268618B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1263652B (en) |
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1992
- 1992-06-24 US US07/903,639 patent/US5255296A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-03-25 GB GB9306200A patent/GB2268618B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-04-05 IT ITPD930079A patent/IT1263652B/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-04-26 CN CN93104983A patent/CN1051396C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-06-11 JP JP05166451A patent/JP3121178B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| CN113421664A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-09-21 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Lead-based fast reactor passive residual heat removal system based on containment and reactor vessel |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ITPD930079A1 (en) | 1994-10-05 |
| US5255296A (en) | 1993-10-19 |
| GB2268618A (en) | 1994-01-12 |
| IT1263652B (en) | 1996-08-27 |
| GB9306200D0 (en) | 1993-05-19 |
| ITPD930079A0 (en) | 1993-04-05 |
| CN1051396C (en) | 2000-04-12 |
| JP3121178B2 (en) | 2000-12-25 |
| JPH0659077A (en) | 1994-03-04 |
| GB2268618B (en) | 1996-01-17 |
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