CN103725327B - Gasification entrained-flow bed coal powder gasification furnace and gasification method of micro-positive pressure air - Google Patents
Gasification entrained-flow bed coal powder gasification furnace and gasification method of micro-positive pressure air Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gasification entrained-flow bed coal powder gasification furnace and a gasification method of micro-positive pressure air. At present, a normal-pressure fixed bed gasification furnace is commonly applied in an industrial fuel gas preparation industry and an efficient powdered coal entrained-flow bed gasification technology has some difficulties on preparing industrial fuel gas under the condition that the micro-positive pressure air is used as a gasifying agent. The gasification entrained-flow bed coal powder gasification furnace is characterized in that a gasification furnace body is provided with at least one row of wall surface burners; each row of the wall surface burners comprise a plurality of wall surface burners which are arranged along the peripheral direction of the gasification furnace body at intervals; the gasification agent which is sprayed into the gasification furnace by all the wall surface burners accounts for 80%-97% of the use amount of all the gasification agent; a furnace bottom nozzle is arranged below the bottom face of a gasification furnace slag opening; the gasification agent which is sprayed into the gasification furnace by the furnace bottom nozzle accounts for 3%-20% of the use amount of all the gasification agent. According to the gasification furnace, the gasification intensity of a unit volume is high; the quantity of in-furnace coal powder falling into a dreg tank is effectively reduced; the gasification entrained-flow bed coal powder gasification furnace is very suitable for producing the industrial fuel gas by taking the micro-positive pressure air as the gasification agent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the solid carbon-containing fuels such as coal, biomass, refinery coke and vaporized chemical at high temperature reacts the entrained flow gasification reactor field generating CO, H2, especially a kind of air flow bed powder coal gasification furnace of pressure-fired air gasification and gasification process thereof.
Background technology
The low-calorie manufactured gas, manufactured fuel gas of coal system has purposes widely in the industry such as machinery, metallurgy, building materials, the current fixed-bed gasification furnace that generally uses carrys out manufacture of intraocular combustion gas, calorific value reaches as high as 1200kcal/M3, it take lump coal as raw material that fixed-bed gasification furnace needs, low, the single furnace output of efficiency of carbon conversion is low, manipulation level of automation is low, in coal gas containing shortcomings such as tar, people wish to carry out alternative traditional fixed bed gasification technology with better gasification technology.
Air flow bed bed pulverized coal gasification technology possesses that carbon turnover ratio is high, in coal gas containing many advantages such as tar, less demanding, the full-automatic manipulations of coal, be adapted to very much large-scale gasification industry, currently comparatively be widely used in coal chemical industry, general pure oxygen as vaporized chemical, under high pressure carry out gasification reaction and prepare synthetic gas, coal feeding amount per hour is more than tens of ton.But device systems is complicated like this, involves great expense, this kind of technology cannot be applied to small-sized industrial combustion gas and prepare industry.
The preparation of back yard industry combustion gas adopts air as vaporized chemical usually, needs to gasify in pressure-fired situation.This kind of entrained-flow reactor is designed according to existing entrained flow bed gasification technology theory (fuel stops 3 ~ 5s time in stove), the volume of gasifying reactor can be quite large, burner hearth wall heat dissipation capacity is very large, vapourizing furnace can be caused to export the available gas content very low (CO+H2<20%) of coal gas, have impact on entrained flow bed gasification technology prepares industry propagation and employment at industrial combustion gas.The air normal pressure gasification demonstration unit of one row's wall burner of such as East China University of Science's design and the airflow bed gasification furnace of row's oxygen supply burner, production capacity is only 72 tons/day, but vapourizing furnace body diameter is just 2.2 meters, highly more reaches 11 meters, available gas content (CO+H2) is only 17%.
Vapourizing furnace bulk volume is excessive, and directly cause equipment manufacturing cost to increase substantially, installation and transportation are extremely inconvenient, and body of heater heat dissipation capacity is too large, and waste heat can not get effective utilization, therefore constrains the application of airflow bed gasification furnace in industrial combustion gas industry.
In addition, the airflow bed gasification furnace run now has two common faults, and first is that the liquid slag discharge of slag-drip opening is smooth, often has latch up phenomenon, needs running check and cleaning, affect gasified boiler system and normally run continuously; Second is that more pulverized coal particle can fall into slag bath from slag-drip opening, have impact on the utilization ratio of fuel, causes waste to a certain degree.If adopt air as vaporized chemical, in-furnace temperature is lower, and slag-drip opening can not ensure long-time deslagging smoothly, thus the normal work of impact.
In sum, at pressure-fired, using air as under the operating mode of vaporized chemical, need to develop the vapourizing furnace possessing very high unit volume gasification intensity, reduce the volume of vapourizing furnace, and the coal gas of high heating value, low temperature out can be produced, during work, deslagging is smooth and easy, and efficiency of carbon conversion is high, only in this way, entrained flow bed gasification technology could be applied to back yard industry combustion gas and prepare industry.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the defect overcoming the existence of above-mentioned prior art, there is provided a kind of under pressure-fired environment, utilize air as the air flow bed powder coal gasification furnace of vaporized chemical, its volume is little, the gasification intensity of unit volume is large, it can produce the coal gas of high heating value, low temperature out under the condition of pressure-fired, air gasification, cinder notch deslagging is smooth and easy, long time continuous working can be realized, and the coal dust in vapourizing furnace stove is not easy to fall into slag bath by cinder notch, reduce the waste of fuel.
For this reason, the present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem by the following technical programs: a kind of air flow bed powder coal gasification furnace of pressure-fired air gasification, comprise vapourizing furnace body, be arranged on the slag bath below vapourizing furnace body and be positioned at the syngas outlet of vapourizing furnace bodies top, the bottom of vapourizing furnace body has vapourizing furnace slag-drip opening, it is characterized in that:
Described vapourizing furnace body is provided with at least one row's wall burner, often arrange wall burner and comprise several wall burners and circumferential interval along vapourizing furnace body is arranged, the axis of wall burner and itself and the angle formed by furnace body point of intersection tangent line that gasifies are 50 ~ 85 °, formed by the axis of wall burner and vapourizing furnace body wall, angle is 35 ~ 110 °, accounts for 80 ~ 97% of whole vaporized chemical consumption by whole wall burner vaporized chemical sprayed in vapourizing furnace;
The subjacent of described vapourizing furnace slag-drip opening is provided with at least more than one vertical furnace bottom burner up, and the distance of furnace bottom burner end face and vapourizing furnace slag-drip opening bottom surface is greater than 100mm; Accounted on 3 ~ 20% of whole vaporized chemical by whole furnace bottom burner vaporized chemical sprayed in vapourizing furnace.
The present invention often arranges wall burner by adjustment and sprays into the angle of gasifying reactor and control often to arrange the straying quatity of wall burner vaporized chemical and vaporising fuel, controls the measure that gasifying reactor interior flow field is also the unit volume gasification intensity of important enhancing gasifying reactor.By adjusting above parameter, gasifying reactor flame kernel is moved down, bottom temp raises, and highest zone temperature reaches 1450 ~ 1600 DEG C, for the reaction of stove epimere provides heat, increases the regional space of pyroreaction simultaneously.Require whole burner hearth in addition from lower to upper, temperature is in gradient from high to lower, and the mixing of gasifying reactor body lower semisection region will cmpletely, be reacted the strongest, body upper semisection region, also exist the strong cyclone field entrainmenting backflow and multiple high speed of obvious multiple burner jet.Overall air-flow, under the effect of strong eddy flow, spirals up along burner hearth from bottom, and backflow is entrainmented through multiple in centre, makes it to be mixed more fully.Reach such gasification reaction flow field, the present invention often arranges wall burner by adjustment and reaches the ratio that sprays into reasonably spraying into angle and wall burner vaporized chemical and vaporising fuel and can realize completely.
In the present invention, the furnace bottom burner be arranged on upper/lower positions bottom slag-drip opening generally only sprays into vaporized chemical, and do not spray into vaporising fuel, the vaporized chemical sprayed into from lower to upper by furnace bottom burner plays very important effect.One, the jet that furnace bottom burner sprays into and wall burner form annular flow field and are combined, and enhance the disturbance of vapourizing furnace flow field, strengthen mixing of vaporising fuel and vaporized chemical, effectively facilitate the carrying out of gasification reaction; They are two years old, the air sprayed into due to furnace bottom burner causes defining a high-temperature area in region, burner hearth middle and lower part and slag-drip opening region, expand the space of high-temperature gasification, and gasification reaction tends to rapid more in high temperature environments, therefore stove improves gasification intensity.Its three, the jet that furnace bottom burner sprays into effectively improves the profiling temperatures in burner hearth, and the temperature in vapourizing furnace presents a trend from high to lower from bottom to top, and be very applicable to the feature of gasification reaction, gas outlet temperature is low, and caloric power of gas is high.Its four, the high-temperature area bottom vapourizing furnace, ensure that the mobility of liquid slag, slag-drip opening is not easy blocked, and the air-flow that furnace bottom burner sprays from lower to upper efficiently reduces coal dust falls into slag bath possibility by slag-drip opening.
As improving further and supplementing technique scheme, the present invention takes following technical measures:
The ratio of vapourizing furnace height and diameter is 1:1 ~ 4:1; Height bottom all wall burners to vapourizing furnace is 0:1 ~ 0.5:1 with the ratio of vapourizing furnace height.
The axis of wall burner and itself and the angle formed by furnace body point of intersection tangent line that gasifies are 70 ~ 78 °, and formed by the axis of wall burner and vapourizing furnace body wall, angle is 70 ~ 90 °.
During gasifying reactor work, vaporized chemical carries out gasification reaction or/and vaporising fuel is injected in vapourizing furnace body by wall burner, vaporized chemical is injected from lower to upper in vapourizing furnace body by furnace bottom burner and is carried out gasification reaction, the synthetic gas of gained is discharged from the outlet of vapourizing furnace bodies top, and liquid slag falls into slag bath water Quench from vapourizing furnace slag-drip opening.
The flow velocity of wall burner is 50 ~ 300m/s, and the flow velocity of furnace bottom burner is 5 ~ 100m/s.
The gasification process of said flow bed powder coal gasification furnace is as follows: during gasifying reactor work, vaporized chemical carries out gasification reaction or/and vaporising fuel is injected in vapourizing furnace body by wall burner, vaporized chemical is injected from lower to upper in vapourizing furnace body by furnace bottom burner and is carried out gasification reaction, the synthetic gas of gained is discharged from the outlet of vapourizing furnace bodies top, and liquid slag falls into slag bath water Quench from vapourizing furnace slag-drip opening.
In the present invention, the wall burner be arranged on vapourizing furnace body sprays in burner hearth with jet at a high speed, vaporising fuel takes fire with certain imaginary circle diameter in burner hearth, because high-speed jet to have become the flow field of a high speed rotating at freeze profile, add the backflow that each jet itself can produce, vaporising fuel is fully contacted with vaporized chemical, is reacted fully rapidly.
Facts have proved: in vapourizing furnace of the present invention, increase the row of vapourizing furnace wall nozzle, strengthen the jet speed of wall burner, be provided with the gasification intensity that furnace bottom burner can improve vapourizing furnace unit volume effectively, Pulverized Coal only stops 0.5 ~ 1s time in stove, the vapourizing furnace volume of design significantly reduces, efficiency of carbon conversion can arrive more than 90%, when pressure-fired, the coal gas (available gas content is greater than 30%) of high heating value can be produced using air as vaporized chemical, and during work, cinder notch can not block, and can realize non-stop run.
The beneficial effect that the present invention has is: can make vaporising fuel at pressure-fired, air as under the prerequisite of vaporized chemical, vaporising fuel is only stop 0.5 ~ 1s time in stove, the efficiency of carbon conversion being greater than 90% can be realized, available gas composition in outlet coal gas is greater than 30%, and caloric power of gas is high.Vapourizing furnace volume of the present invention is little, and non-stop run cinder notch can not block, and reduces coal dust and fall into waste of fuel caused by slag bath by slag-drip opening, is very suitable for the occasion utilizing pulverized coal preparation industrial combustion gas.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the layout schematic diagram of wall burner horizontal section of the present invention.
Embodiment
Preferred embodiment of the present invention is provided, to describe technical scheme of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with Figure of description.
Embodiment 1
Vapourizing furnace as shown in Figure 1-2, its by vapourizing furnace body 1, slag bath 5, be arranged on the furnace bottom nozzle 6 bottom vapourizing furnace slag-drip opening 4 and the 4 row's wall burners 2 be arranged on vapourizing furnace body form, the syngas outlet 3 of vapourizing furnace is positioned at the top of vapourizing furnace body, and the slag-drip opening 4 of vapourizing furnace is positioned at the bottom of vapourizing furnace body.Furnace bottom burner 6 is arranged on below vapourizing furnace slag-drip opening 4 bottom surface, vapourizing furnace body 1 is in cylindrical shape, 4 wall burners 2 in each row's wall burner 2 are arranged along the circumferential interval of vapourizing furnace body 1, and the axis of wall burner 2 and the angle β 2 of vapourizing furnace body point of intersection tangent line are 70 ~ 75 °; The axis of wall burner 2 and the angle β 1 of vapourizing furnace body wall are 80 ~ 90 °.Account for 90% of whole vaporized chemical by whole wall burner vaporized chemical injected in vapourizing furnace, vaporising fuel is injected in vapourizing furnace by wall burner, and vaporising fuel wherein row's wall burner sprays into, and also can be sprayed into by many rows.
Described furnace bottom burner is vertically up arranged, its vertical part axis and vapourizing furnace slag-drip opening axis are positioned on same position, and the distance L2 of furnace bottom burner 6 end face and slag-drip opening 4 bottom surface is 400mm; Furnace bottom burner 6 can arrange one, also can multiplely compose in parallel, and is preferably one.Account for 10% of whole vaporized chemical total amount by whole furnace bottom burner vaporized chemical injected in vapourizing furnace, furnace bottom burner does not spray into vaporising fuel.
Height L1 bottom all wall burners 2 to vapourizing furnace is 0:1 ~ 0.5:1 with the ratio of vapourizing furnace height H, and priority scheme is 0.2:1 ~ 0.35:1;
The portfire of vapourizing furnace and wall burner 2 combine and arrange.During work, first the portfire of entrained flow gasification reactor lights a fire as heating up in gasifying reactor stove, starts to send into vaporising fuel and vaporized chemical from wall burner 2 to body of heater after rising to certain temperature.
Often arrange wall burner 2 and spray into angle beta 1, the β 2 of vapourizing furnace by arranging many rows and adjustment and control often to arrange wall burner 2 vaporized chemical and the straying quatity of vaporising fuel, in stove, form the flow field of strong rotation; The vaporized chemical stream field sprayed into by furnace bottom burner forms larger disturbance, and expand high-temperature gasification space, enhance mixing velocity and gasification rate, therefore stove improves gasification intensity.The vaporized chemical injected due to Bottom Nozzle Used makes burner hearth bottom present in higher temperature, stove to there is uniform thermograde from lower to upper, be conducive to liquid slag and fall into slag bath smoothly from cinder notch, ensure that vapourizing furnace normally works continuously, be conducive to reducing pulverized coal particle simultaneously and fall into slag bath.
During gasification reaction, if need the vaporized chemical, catalyzer etc. that add other, can be sprayed in stove by wall burner 2.
Finally, the liquid slag that reaction generates discharges the slag bath outside vapourizing furnace through slag-drip opening 4.
In addition above-mentioned vaporized chemical be air, a kind of in the pure oxygen of the oxygen enrichment of oxygen level more than 21 ~ 90%, oxygen level 100%, water vapor or appoint several mixtures; Carbonaceous fuel is a kind of or several mixture in coal dust, biological particles, petroleum coke powder.
The furnace lining structure at vapourizing furnace body 1 position, can adopt adiabatic furnace lining structure, water wall or other heat-transfer mediums of heat conduction wet goods also can be adopted as furnace lining, also can adopt the furnace lining structure of air cooling way.
Embodiment 2
Combination adopts the present invention to be further described the present invention with Experimental comparison's data of traditional structure under identical gasification reaction conditions by the following examples:
For day process fuel be the scale of 72 tons of coals, vapor pressure is for 0.003MPa(G), vaporized chemical is air, vaporising fuel is coal dust, coal particle size is 200 object gasification reactions.Coal analysis is as shown in the table.
The parameter that wall burner 2 of the present invention adopts is: wall burner 2 has 4 rows, totally 16; β 1 is between 80 ° ~ 90 °; Often arranging wall burner β 2 is between 70 ° ~ 75 °, 90% of whole vaporized chemical is accounted for by whole wall burner vaporized chemical injected in vapourizing furnace, vaporising fuel is injected in vapourizing furnace by wall burner, and vaporising fuel wherein row's wall burner sprays into, and also can be sprayed into by many rows.
Described furnace bottom burner is vertically up arranged, its vertical part axis and vapourizing furnace slag-drip opening axis are positioned on same position, and the distance L2 of furnace bottom burner 6 end face and slag-drip opening 4 bottom surface is 400mm; Furnace bottom burner 6 can arrange one, also can multiplely compose in parallel, and is preferably one.Account for 10% of whole vaporized chemical total amount by whole furnace bottom burner vaporized chemical injected in vapourizing furnace, furnace bottom burner does not spray into vaporising fuel.
Experimental comparison's data of structure of the present invention and traditional structure are as following table:
According to Data Comparison, vapourizing furnace volume of the present invention is only about 1/7 of conventional art, and the vapourizing furnace unit volume gasification intensity comparing conventional art enhances 7 times.Vapourizing furnace of the present invention, the gasification intensity of unit volume is large, and carbon turnover ratio is high, and type of furnace volume is little, is very suitable for the equipment for gasification utilizing the preparation of fuel such as coal dust, biomass industrial combustion gas used.
Although the foregoing describe the specific embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those of skill in the art that these only illustrate, protection scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.Those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not deviating from principle of the present invention and essence, can make numerous variations and amendment to present embodiment, but these change and amendment all falls into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the air flow bed powder coal gasification furnace of a pressure-fired air gasification, comprise vapourizing furnace body (1), be arranged on the slag bath (5) of vapourizing furnace body (1) below and be positioned at the syngas outlet (3) of vapourizing furnace bodies top, the bottom of vapourizing furnace body (1) has vapourizing furnace slag-drip opening (4), it is characterized in that:
Described vapourizing furnace body (1) is provided with at least one row's wall burner (2), often arrange wall burner and comprise several wall burners and circumferential interval along vapourizing furnace body is arranged, the axis of wall burner (2) and itself and the angle (β 2) formed by furnace body (1) point of intersection tangent line that gasifies are 50 ~ 85 °, formed by the axis of wall burner (2) and vapourizing furnace body (1) wall, angle (β 1) is 35 ~ 110 °, accounts for 80 ~ 97% of whole vaporized chemical consumption by whole wall burner vaporized chemical sprayed in vapourizing furnace;
The subjacent of described vapourizing furnace slag-drip opening (4) is provided with at least more than one vertical furnace bottom burner (6) up, and the distance (L2) of furnace bottom burner end face and vapourizing furnace slag-drip opening bottom surface is greater than 100mm; Accounted on 3 ~ 20% of whole vaporized chemical by whole furnace bottom burner vaporized chemical sprayed in vapourizing furnace.
2. the air flow bed powder coal gasification furnace of pressure-fired air gasification according to claim 1, is characterized in that, vapourizing furnace height (H) is 1:1 ~ 4:1 with the ratio of diameter (D); Height (L1) bottom all wall burners (2) to vapourizing furnace is 0:1 ~ 0.5:1 with the ratio of vapourizing furnace height (H).
3. the air flow bed powder coal gasification furnace of pressure-fired air gasification according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the axis of wall burner (2) and itself and the angle (β 2) formed by furnace body (1) point of intersection tangent line that gasifies are 70 ~ 78 °, and formed by the axis of wall burner (2) and vapourizing furnace body (1) wall, angle (β 1) is 70 ~ 90 °.
4. the gasification process of the air flow bed powder coal gasification furnace of pressure-fired air gasification described in any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that, during gasifying reactor work, vaporized chemical carries out gasification reaction or/and vaporising fuel is injected in vapourizing furnace body by wall burner, vaporized chemical is injected from lower to upper in vapourizing furnace body by furnace bottom burner and is carried out gasification reaction, the synthetic gas of gained is discharged from the outlet of vapourizing furnace bodies top, and liquid slag falls into slag bath water Quench from vapourizing furnace slag-drip opening.
5. gasification process according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the flow velocity of described wall burner is 50 ~ 300m/s, and the flow velocity of furnace bottom burner is 5 ~ 100m/s.
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| CN104560207B (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2017-01-18 | 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司 | Gasification device of coal derived industrial gas |
| CN105038860A (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2015-11-11 | 北京柯林斯达科技发展有限公司 | Swirl-flow type gasification furnace and swirl-flow type gasification process |
| CN105132036A (en) * | 2015-10-14 | 2015-12-09 | 江西荣恩能源科技有限公司 | Entrained flow bed dried coal dust gasification device for normal-pressure air gasification and gasification method of entrained flow bed dried coal dust gasification device |
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Effective date of registration: 20190301 Address after: 311815 Dingqiao Village, Ciwu Town, Zhuji City, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province Patentee after: Zhejiang Asroad Highway Construction & Maintenance Machinery Co., Ltd. Address before: 310004 Room 106, Building 4, Building 1, No. 5, Third Road, Genshan Branch, Jianggan District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province Patentee before: Hangzhou Quanhe Technology Co., Ltd. |